LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM (NTSP)

Pre- Activity:
Question:
1. Have you experience working in a community? How do you feel about it?

Lesson Proper:

Republic Act 9163: National Service Training Program (NSTP) Law
Filipino College students (Public and Private) are required to participate in any community
service as mandated by the law.
Enacted by 12
th
Congress on January 23, 2002

Call at least five students to answer the question indicated in slide 1

The law is based on a provision of the 1987 Constitution as what is stated in Article 2, Section 2
The law was enacted in order to encourage the youth to become civic and military leaders as
well as community volunteers who may be deployed in the event of emergencies and disasters.
The Philippines has been experiencing over the previous years the following emergencies and
disasters:
a. Internal/external conflict
b. Typhoon
c. Earthquakes
d. Landslides
The program intends to introduce various concepts, theories and applications that are focused
on Citizenship.
At the end of the training, the students are expected to enhance their civic consciousness and
defences preparedness.

R.A no. 9163 defines NSTP as a program aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and defence
preparedness in the youth by developing the ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing training
in any of the following training components:

1
st
Image: Civil Service- Civic Welfare Training Service
2
nd
Image: Literacy- Literacy Training Service
3
rd
Image: Defence- Reserve Officer Training Corps.

Equivalent in High School:
CIWETS/LITRSE- Schools immersion program
ROTC- Citizens Army Training

Each component is designed to enhance the youths active contribution to the general welfare of his/her
community.

ROTC
a. Sections 38 and 39 of the R.A. No. 7077

b. Designed to provide military training to the tertiary level students in order to motivate. Train,
organize and mobilize them for National defence preparedness.

c. According to Section 4d of the laws IRR private higher institution and technical vocational
education institution with at least 350 student cadets must establish/maintain a Department of
Military Science and Tactics (DMST) subject to existing rules and regulation.

d. In cases where the number of cadets will be lesser 350, the ROTCU will be undertaken with
the ROTCU of the State University and Colleges within the nearest environ with the lead role.

Literacy Training Service (LITRSE) refer to programs designed to train students to become teachers of
literacy and numeracy skills to school children, out of school youth, and other segments of society in
need of their service.

a. Students who are enrolled in this program component will be trained to provide literacy
service to a specific group in the school community.
b. It requires implementing an environmental literacy project within the school community.

Civic Welfare Training Services (CIWETS) refer to program and activities contributory to the general
welfare and betterment of life for the members of the community or the enhancement of its facilities by
improving health, education, environment, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation, and morals of the
citizenry.
a. Students who are enrolled in this program component will be trained to provide civil service
in a specific group in their school community.
b. It requires implementing an environmental service project within the school community.

Coverage of the law:
The law clearly states that the NSTP shall be integrated in the curricula of any 4/5 year courses
baccalaureate degree and any of 2 years technical/vocational/associate course.
Incoming freshman students for 2002-03 under Philippine Association of State Colleges and
Universities (PASCU) and Council of Private Educational Association of the Philippines
(COCOPEA) are mandated by law to undergo NSTP for the 1
st
two semester of their degree.
NOTE:
a. Private Institution- COCOPEA
b. Government schools- PASCU

Duration and Equivalent Course Unit
The NSTP is a mandated subject and a requirement for graduation.
Every student shall take NSTP for an academic period of two semesters which is comprised of
three (3) units per semester with a minimum of 54 hours and a maximum of 90 hours training
per semester or it can be taken for one (1) summer program in lieu of two (2) semesters.

Post Activity:
Prepare the following questions that will be asked to the students:
1. What is meant by National Service Training Program?
2. How can NSTP enhance civic consciousness and defence preparedness?
3. What is the difference between CWTS, LTS and ROTC?
4. Who are required to take NSTP?
5. What if a student is a second degree taker? or a graduate of associate course before SY 2003-2004? or
a transferee which took the NSTP from another school or college?
6. How long will it take to finish the NSTP program?
7. What will happen after the students have complied with the NSTP?

Evolution of R.A. 9163

Manuel L. Quezon
Introduced the concept of social justice in the Philippine society.
Empowered Filipino workers by forming the C.I.R and signing the labour force laws.
Contributed to the countrys national security by signing the National defence Act.

Commonwealth Act No. 1
One of the precursor of R.A. No. 9163
The 1
st
law passed by the Philippine Assembly which provided for the establishment of a
national defence for the country.
Filipinos were mandated to undergo military training while in High school and College, in order
to increase the number of military reserve force in the country.
General Douglas Mac Arthur and Lt. Col. Dwight Eisenhower supervised the training of the
reservist.

Ferdinand Marcos
Signed the National Service Law to amend certain provision of the National Defence act

National Service Law
Presidential Decree No. 1706
Signed on August 8, 1980
Focused on the enhancement of the citizens respect for law and lawfully constituted authority.
Centred on the promotion and development of civic consciousness and participation in order to
insure national defence preparedness.
The decree is composed of three (3) main programs
a. Civic Welfare Service
b. Law Enforcement Service
c. Military Service

Corazon Aquino
Signed the Citizen Armed Force or Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act (R.A. 7077)
Enacted on July 23, 1990 and signed into law on June 27, 1991
Provide opportunity for people to be a part of the States citizen armed forces that has the
mandate to safeguard the country in assisting the socio-economic development.
Section 38 states that the military training for students enrolled in colleges, universities and
similar institution of learning is mandatory pursuant to the National Defence Act and the 1987
Constitution.
Section 39 provide for the establishment of ROTC units in colleges and universities in the
Philippines.



2002
R.A. 9163 NSTP law of 2002 was signed.
The same year was the promulgation of its IRR.
In the year 2007 it was revised as advanced by the ROTC sector

Generalization:
The main thrust of this training program is for the students to conceptualize and implement
environmental projects within the school community.

Post Activity: Essay
Write a four (4) Paragraph essay on how you can promote the general welfare of the members of the
school community. (Based your answer from the lesson discussed)

Assignment:
I. Bring the following materials by next meeting;
a. Pair of scissors
b. 4-5 bond papers
c. Crayons/markers

II. Research the following:
a. Preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution
b. New Panatang Makabayan (Patriots oath)


























LESSON 2: CITIZENSHIP TRAINING

Pre-Activity:
a. Ask the student to cut a cloud from a bond paper.
b. Have the students name their cloud Wilson Cloud
c. Write the word cloud vertically down the other side.
d. Write a phrase that will describe themselves using each letter that form the word Cloud
e. Let the student share it to the class
f. Reinforced the students by stating that they have a high level of self-awareness.
g. Ask the student to define self- awareness in their own words

SELF AWARENESS
Ones ability to take note of himself/herself.
It refers to the most important emotional competence in which an individual knows his or her
intuitions, resources, preference, and internal states.
It is having a crystal clear perception of ones personality which includes his/her strengths,
weaknesses, emotions, motivation, beliefs, and thoughts.
It requires regular reflection of ones action and or reaction, realization and learning.
A pre-requisite towards development.

Activity:
How can self-awareness be the key to positive change?
Self-awareness is the ultimate enabler
Without knowing the significant detail about one self, implementing conscious and positive
change is difficult and having a knowledge of ones strength, weaknesses, emotions, and
motivation, beliefs, and thought would equip someone to determine what is working for him
and not.
E.G
Breaking a bad habit- awareness of the effects the bad habit in one self.

Activity:
Do you have a bad habit that you want to break after being aware of the effects that it could bring to
your life?

Five Key areas of self- awareness
a. Personality
Refer to a number of characteristics that come from an individual
It involves how one behave, thinks, and feel.
An individual must be familiar with his distinct personality in order to find/avoid situation that
would suit/cause him/her too much stress.
E.G
An extrovert person should find a job that involves dealing with people.

b. Values
A quality, principle, or standard that serve as an individuals tool to render any moral and
rational decision.
It usually come as a system of beliefs, which are freely chosen by the individual, prized, publicly
affirmed, and acted upon.
c. Habit
It refers to a good or bad behaviour and activity that an individual does /acts regularly.
Self- awareness is important in order for a person to implement a significant changes in his life
Awareness of ones bad habit can enable individual to interact effectively with and manage
others.
d. Need
A condition or situation in which something is required and wanted
Involves motivation for something to come to fruition.

Maslow Hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow
An American psychologist
Provided a detailed explanation on Human needs (1943)
A theory of Human motivation
Known also as Hierarchy of needs
The bottom of the pyramid is comprised of basic human needs
The top of the pyramid is composed of needs for self-actualization
The person must fulfil from physiological, safety, love/belonging, and esteem before fulfilling the needs
for self-actualization.

Self-actualization
Refer to the final level of psychological development that can be achieved when all basic and
mental needs are fulfilled and the actualization of the full personal potential takes place.
An individual aware of his need enables him/her to understand and carry all his interpersonal
relationship
A fulfilled need brings satisfaction; otherwise, it can cause conflict, frustration, and stress.

e. Emotion
Refer to an extreme form of mental state in which an individual experiences stimulation and
pleasant and unpleasant psychological mood.
It acts to encourage an individual to do a task by dictating how much motivation he has for a
specific activity.
An individual is emotionally aware if he/she understand his/her own feelings, what causes them,
and how they make an impact to his or her thoughts and action.

Characteristic of a person Who Is Emotionally Aware:
a. Aware of his/her own feeling
b. Knows why feelings occur.
c. Understand implication of emotions
d. Pays attention to the physical sign that aroused in stressful situation
know his own strength and weaknesses and understand his own emotion and the impact of his
behaviour on others in a diverse situation.

Activity:
1. What skills have I acquired that I am proud of?
2. What accomplishment am I proud of?
Beginning when I was a child, what are the 10 most significant events in my life? Why did I make
significant?
4. What period of my life that I liked most? The least? Why?
5. What are five (5) of my greatest strength and weaknesses?
6. What do I desire right now? Why do I desire that?
7. If I was to receive an award, what would I want that award to be for? Why that?

Filipino Values Orientation

Activity:
1. Describe the pictures shown in slide 6
Answer: All of them are Filipino values
2. Give at least three (3) values that can be exclusively identified to Filipinos. Explain

Filipino Values system
A product of the peoples culture, tradition, and way of life.
It clearly defines original character and identity of an individual known as the Filipino.

Four (4) fold of Filipino values

Despite the existence of universal human values, there are still values that are exclusive to the
Filipinos
Every nation clearly define its value system and each of them are distinct

E.G
All people talk but they speak different languages
The Chinese culture puts much emphasis on Honesty and Hard work while the Japanese
dwells too much on politeness a beauty. On the other hand, Filipino puts much emphasis on
faith in God.

Filipino value system continues to evolve among people

E.G
The Filipino Concept of Justice:
Evolved from inequality to equality to human dignity

The emergence of values involving overpopulation, environment, and preservation of human
rights among others is brought by different social issues

Underlined the following values provided in the Preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution
1. Almighty God
2. Just and Humane Society
3. Promote Common good
4. Patrimony
5. Posterity
6. Independence
7. Democracy
8. Rule of Law
9. Truth
10. Justice
11. Freedom
12. Love
13. Equality
14. Peace



Basic Filipino Values
1. Unity
Filipino wants to be one people
They cherished each other even if they are separated by distance
2. Patriotism
Filipinos want the best for the Philippines
They want their country respected and honoured not only by its citizen but as well as the
foreigners.
3. Faith in almighty God
Filipinos are very religious
They try to establish a relationship with God through different rituals and churches.
4. Respect for life
Filipinos want their life to be preserved, nurtured, and protected from harm and death.
They are against the taking of life even from the unborn
5. Respect for law and government
Filipinos want the rule of law be upheld by all Citizens and complied with it.
Government and its arms must be treated with respect
6. Truth
Filipino wants themselves and others to be true, not only in words but also in deeds.
Honesty is the best policy
7. Justice
Filipinos want their relationship with one another that is govern by moral and legal
Every citizen must be given with due process before conviction or acquittal.
8. Freedom
Filipinos want each one to exercise his/her freedom of will responsibly with regard to the
right/freedom of others
They cherished their independence from foreign power
9. Love
Filipino wants a harmonious relationship in every sphere of life, love and to be loved.
Love still begets love
10. Equality
Filipino wants everyone to get fair treatment and have equal access to opportunities regardless
of religion, physical ability, cultural affiliation, gender etc.
11. Peace
Filipino wants to live in a serene and secure community with harmonious relationship among its
members.
12. Promotion of the common good
Filipino want all others to meet their basic minimum needs such as food, clothing, and shelter
13. Concern for Family and future generation
Filipino wants the best for their family members as well as the future generation
14. Concern for environment
Filipino wants nature and their surroundings to be preserved and nurtured in line with
sustainable environment
15. Order
Filipino want organization, system, and predictability in all aspects of their life
They dont want to reign in the anarchy and chaos, though they leave a room for chance
16. Work
Filipino values their job and career, for they are the means with which the majority support their
family and provided their basic needs.

Activity:
Classify the Filipino values according to The good Citizenship Values Clustered
a. Pagkamaka-Diyos
b. Pagkamaka-Tao
c. Pagkamakabayan
d. Pagkamaka-kalikasan

Answer are provided in slide 14

The duties and obligation of the Citizens
Enumerated in the Patriot Oath Panatang Makabayan

Duties
Something that one is expected or required to do by moral and legal obligation

1. To be loyal to the Republic
Filipinos must have faith and confidence to the Republic as embodied by the government and
State
They considered the Philippines as their homeland and the home of their forefathers, parents,
children, and grandchildren.

2. To defend the State
Defence from foreign invaders and exploitation
Doesnt only include internal but also external defence against forces which try to topple the
State or defy the rule of law.
3. To contribute to the development and welfare of the State
Filipinos are part of the State and receive benefit from the government and in return it is their
duty to pay their taxes willingly, help maintain peace and order conserve the natural resources
and patronize local products and trade.
4. To uphold the Constitution and obey the laws
Filipinos must uphold the Constitution and obey the law set forth by the government or else it
will result into anarchy and disorder.
5. To cooperate with the duly constituted authorities
Filipinos must cooperate with duly constituted leaders and accord the same respect to
uniformed figures of the government.
6. To exercise rights responsibly and with due regard for the rights of others
Filipinos must exercise their rights and freedom responsibly.
They must learn to live with others who also have the same rights and freedom as they do to
foster harmony.
7. To engage in gainful work
Filipinos must work in order to live and gain the basic necessities of life
It is their duty to be a productive member of the society and not become a burden to his/her
countryman.
8. To register and vote
Filipinos have to participate in the electoral process by registering and voting during plebiscites
This is the essence of a democratic republic
Suffrage is both a privilege and a duty that every qualified citizen must perform

Post activity
Group work: Prepare a five (5) minute skit or role play on the two (2) chosen Filipino values

Assignment:
Research the worst disaster/calamities that struck the Philippines in the previous years.








































LESSON 3: DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND MANAGEMENT

Pre- Activity
1. Bring out a stress ball and tell the class whoever catches it should at least give an example of a
disaster film in less than 5 seconds and toss the ball to his/her other classmate.
Independence Day
Armageddon
The Core
Deep impact
The day after tomorrow
Dantes peak
Earthquake
The towering inferno
Titanic
The perfect storm
Apollo 13

2. Ask the student of their researched worst disaster in the Philippines in the previous years

The Philippines has been the natural laboratory for floods, typhoon, monsoon rain, earthquakes,
volcanic eruption, and landslides. That is why our government and the whole society should think, act
and respond to the current and emerging risk that continually face them.

Ask the students what comes to their mind when they hear the word disaster

Disaster
Refer to the impact of a natural or human made hazard that negatively affects the society and
environment
Most of the time all disasters are human made due to their actions
It is an extreme disruption of the functioning of a society that causes widespread human,
material, or environmental losses that exceed the ability of the affected society to cope using
only its own resources.
Natural/environmental disruption such as earthquake, landslides, and typhoon shouldnt be
considered as disasters as long as it didnt adversely and seriously affect human life, livelihood
and property.

Group activity:
1. Pretending that there is a typhoon coming which is expected to inflict vast damages
2. Ask the students to list down the plans and preparations that they will do BEFORE the anticipated
disaster that they think that will minimize damages and losses and entitled it with Disaster
Preparedness
3. Ask the student to share their answer to the class

Disaster preparedness
It refer to knowledge and capacities developed by the government, professional response and
recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to and
recover from the impact of disaster
It seeks to prepare for and reduce the adverse effects of environmental disruption to human
life, livelihoods and property.
It pertains to measure which enable government agencies, private organizations, communities,
and individual to respond rapidly and effectively to disaster situation.


Hazard
It refers to a potential occurrence in a specific time period and geographic area, of a natural
phenomenon that may adversely affect human life, property or activity to the extent of causing
a disaster.
Health Hazard
Refer to a virus or disease that can threaten the normal function of the human body.

Environmental hazard
Refer to a threat to the environment
Can be in a form of illegal logging, air pollution, and improper waste segregation.

Activity:
Ask the student to describe what they see in Slide 5

The disasters may slightly or greatly affect peoples lives and their properties. In disaster preparedness
studies, the people and properties affected by a hazardous event is called vulnerability.

Types of Vulnerability:

a. Structure/physical
Refer to a structure that is likely to be damaged or disrupt by a hazardous event
For a property to be less vulnerable, it should have appropriate structural details

b. Human
A relative lack of capacity of a person or community to anticipate, copes with, resist and recover
from the impact of a hazardous event.
Factors that increased human vulnerability are;
a. Urbanization
b. Population growth
c. Lack of knowledge on how to effectively resist the effects of disaster
d. Poverty

In a reference entitled Introduction to disaster management, there are two (2) types of vulnerability
a. Tangible/material (People, property, economy, and environment)
b. Intangible/Abstract (Social structures, cultural practices, cohesion, motivation)

Activity:
Go back to slide 5 and identify the following;
a. Structural/physical/tangible material
b. Human vulnerability/ intangible /abstract vulnerability

Classification of disaster
It is important in order to know the appropriate preparedness , response, risk reduction
measures, and the agencies involved.

1. According to cause
Disasters named after the cause of their hazards which bring devastating effects on human lives
E.G: Earth Quake
2. Speed of onset
a. Rapid onset disaster
Refer to abrupt hazardous event that poses a very little warning
It is also devastating event that causes suffering in the social and economic conditions of the
people.
Earthquakes, floods, storm, wind, tornadoes, mud flow
b. Slow onset disaster
A hazardous event that acts like a ticking bomb waiting to explode at a certain time
It gradually destroyed or slow down a particular area in the society.
Droughts, famine, environmental degradation, deforestation, and pest infestation

3. Acts of nature or acts of humans
a. Natural disaster
Caused by environmental occurrence which are most of the time inevitable
Floods, drought, tidal waves

b. Human made disaster
Disasters that are caused by human action since it is a part of human nature to pursue their
selfish interest.
Chemical or industrial accident, environmental pollution, transport accident, political
unrest/war.

Disaster preparedness Measures
a. Hazardous, risk and vulnerability assessment
Disaster preparedness should be based on the characteristics and frequency and severity of the
hazard in the community.
Geographical risk profile of the community
Ability of all sectors to cope with its effect
b. Response mechanism and strategies
Refer to emergency responses which includes:
Evacuation procedure
Search and rescue team
Preparation for emergency reception centres and shelter
c. Preparedness plan
Vital in disaster preparedness and management since it seeks to identify the resources of a
particular organization that is tasked to respond on disasters
d. Coordination
Groups involved should be well coordinated in implementing the disaster plan
e. Information management
Data gathering and information are vital in providing hazard and early warning information
needs, assessment, and progress of post- disaster recovery.
f. Early warning system
Detecting, forecasting, and issuing alert and for this to be effective all data extracted and
assessment should be used.
g. Resource mobilization
Disaster coordinating agencies should devise a strategy, agreement and procedure for
mobilizing and acquiring emergency funds, supplies, and equipment in the event of disaster
h. Public, education, training, rehearsal
Community official and private volunteers should educate the people with regards to disaster
preparedness and systematic emergency response in order for them to be protected from
devastating effects of the disasters.
i. Community based disaster preparedness (CBDP)
Refer to a process that seeks to developed and implement a locally appropriate and locally
owned strategy for disaster preparedness and risk reduction.

Disaster management
A science of implementing mitigated actions or preventive measures and developing emergency
preparedness to lessen the probability of a disaster occurring.
It is a part of the disaster preparedness
Occurs during and after a hazardous event strikes.
Its main goal is to prevent possible losses (either structural/physical vulnerability or human
vulnerability)
Shouldnt only be done before and during the disaster since it should be sustainable after the
disaster so as to help the affected people restore their lives and start all over again.

Component of disaster management
1. Prevention- action to prevent the occurrence of a disaster to a community.
2. Warning- information given to members of a community about an impeding hazard event
3. Mitigation- programs intended to reduce the ill effects of disaster
4. Preparedness- measures which enables people to respond rapidly and effectively to disaster situation
5. Disaster impact- remind us that the impact of disaster can vary between different type of disaster
6. Response- measures taken immediately prior to and following disaster impact.
7. Recovery- process by which communities and organization are assessed in returning their proper level
of functioning following disaster.
8. Development- provides the link between disasters related activities and national development.

Post activity
I. Toss the stress ball to any student and challenge him/her to share to the whole class his/her definition
of the word disaster based from the previous discussion or any of the following discussion:
a. Define disaster preparedness
b. Define hazard
c. Differentiate structural or physical and human vulnerability
d. Name the three (3) disaster classification
e. Define disaster management
f. Identify the component of disaster management

II. Sharing
Ask the student to work in pair and share each other personal experience on how they survived a
particular disaster like Ondoy and Habagat. Then write their appropriate response/survival method
should a specific disaster occur. E.G Earthquake

Assignment:
Research the Philippines total land area, land and sea boundaries, topography, and climate.



LESSON 4: DISASTER RISK PROFILE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Pre-Activity:
Pinoy Henyo
1. Baguio
2. Antique
3. Zamboanga

In studying the disaster risk profile of the Philippines, it would be appropriate to have a short discussion
about the countrys basic information.

Strategic Location:
The Philippines is located in Southeast Asian Region

Latitude- refers to an imaginary line from east to west and measures the distance of a specific
location/point in the equator.
This particularly specifies if the country is located north or south of equator.
Equator- is an imaginary line that equally divides the earth into the Northern and Southern Hemisphere.
Longitude- refers to an imaginary line that originates from the northern to southern part of the globe.
It measures the distance of a specific location/point from prime meridian
Prime Meridian- it is also an imaginary line that equally divides the Earth into Eastern and western
Hemisphere.

Total Land Area;
The Philippines measures 300,242,943 sq. km.
The Philippines is:
a. Larger than Great Britain, Yugoslavia, New Zealand, and Ecuador.
b. a little smaller than Spain or Polland
c. Twice larger than Cuba and Greece
d. about as large as Italy

Land and Sea Boundaries
N and W: West Philippine Sea
E- Pacific Ocean
S- Celebes Sea and Sulu sea

The northern point of the Philippines is YAme Isle which is 78 mile from Taiwan while the southernmost
point is Saluag Isles, which is only 34 miles east of Borneo.

Topography:
Land forms:
a. Mountain (Isarog, Makiling)
b. Hills (Himontagon, Chocolate)
c. Volcanoes (Mayon, Taal)
d. Plateaus (Lanao, Tiruray table land)
e. Valley (Cagayan, Cotabato, Marikina)


Water forms:
a. Rivers (Rio Grande de Cagayan)
b. Spring (Tiwi, Los Banos, Pandi)
c. Lakes (Laguna, Mainit)
d. Falls (Pagsanjan, Hinulugang taktak)
e. Seas/Ocean (Philippine, Sulu)
f. Gulf (Albay, Lagonoy)
g. Bays (Manila, Baler, Butuan)

Basic Topography of the Philippines
Has 7107 islands
Has a rocky and uneven islands with mountain
Has an extensive coastline of 34,600 (Twice longer than the U.S)
Has rivers and stream that serve as highway for transportation and agriculture purposes.
Has active, dormant and distinct volcanoes
Has beautiful and precious coral reefs

Climate:
The Philippines has tropical marine climate which is dominated by wet and dry season
Annual temperature is 26.6 Celsius; 28.3 Celsius during summer and 25.5 Celsius during rainy
months.

Disaster profile of the Philippines
Quiz on hand out 5
1. What was the basis of the Citizens Disaster response Centre for saying that the Philippines was the
worlds most disaster hit country in 2011?
2. What were the disasters mentioned in the news article?
3. Based on the assumption featured by the said news article, would you agree that the Philippines is
one of the disaster prone countries in the world? Explain your answer.

Note:
No doubt that the Philippines is one of the most disaster prone countries in the World due to its
location, physical characteristic and even the practices of the Filipinos with regard to disaster
preparedness and management. That is why we need to study the Disaster risk profile of our country in
order to understand the reasons why the Philippines is vulnerable to a wide variety of natural and man-
made.

Philippines has been one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world
The Non- government Citizen Disaster Response Centre (CDRC) said that in 2011, the natural
disaster in the Philippines surge to 50% making our country as the worlds most disaster hit
country.
Factors which contribute on why the Philippine is vulnerable to a variety of Natural disaster
a. Fault line- a crack on earth surface which appears when 2 tectonic plate butts against each other.
The Philippines is situated along with two (2) major tectonic plates- the Eurasian and Pacific
plate.
According to NDRRMC, there are average of 20 earthquakes per day and around 100-150
earthquakes felt per year.
The Philippines has 220 volcanoes in which 22 of them are very active.
The volcanic eruption is a hazardous and detrimental to human as it bring a series of destructive
earthquake and massive lava flows.
Active Volcanoes in the Philippines:
a. Taal
b. Mayon
c. Canlaon
d. Bulusan
The most recent eruption is the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption
The Philippines lies within the Western Pacific Basin (One of the areas in the world where
thunderstorm, monsoon, inter tropical convergence zone, and other weather disturbances are
generated)
From June to December, an average of 20 typhoons hit the country with strong winds, intense
rainfall and flooding.
Most storm come from southeast with their frequency generally increasing from south to north.

Because the Philippine is always visited by destructive tropical cyclones, flooding in some areas are
inevitable. In addition, it is also being caused by the government failure to implement an effective
disaster risk approached and reduction.

The Philippines is composed of 7,107 islands spanning 1,840 kilometres from north to south.
It has 36,289 kilometres of coastline vulnerable to tsunami.
The Philippines also has a wide variety of human made disaster such as sea, land and air
accidents and armed conflict especially in the southern part of the Philippines.
People living in the urban, flood and slide prone area are vulnerable to disaster which also
perpetuate economic deprivation and marginalization.

Top determinant of vulnerability to Natural disaster in the Philippines include:
a. Urbanization
Unplanned and unsystematic urbanization can increase the vulnerability
The Philippines had about 1.2 million families of informal settlers who are at risk to typhoon and
flooding.
b. Environmental degradation
People living in an area where there are declining forests are prone to landslide, drought, and
flooding.
c. Climate change
One of the major environmental issue over the past decade
It doesnt only pose threat on climate but as well to economy, health, safety, and survival of
human population.
Signs of climate change and its effects: Shifting of weather patterns/ threaten food production
through increased unpredictability , rising sea level/contamination of coastal freshwater
reserves and increase of catastrophic flooding , warming atmosphere/the spread of pest and
diseases once limited to the tropics.
The Philippines is expected to experience substantial rise in sea level, making 70% of the 1,500
municipalities located along the coast that are vulnerable to this phenomenon.
The country is also has a longer episode of drought/ El Nino causing a large drop in the volume
of agricultural production and sharp decline in GDP.


Application:
1. Let the student discuss the different disaster risk of their city/province.
2. Identify the projects that the government and N.G.O are implementing to lessen the identified
disaster risk and assess its effectiveness of these projects.
3. Group sharing











































LESSON 5: DISASTER RESPONSE

Pre-Activity: How will you respond?
a. Fire
b. A hazardous or biohazard spill
c. An Earthquake
d. Flooding
e. Bomb threat

These are considered as disasters/calamities

Government/N.G.O are in the Philippines that provides response and assistance to people
affected by disaster and calamities:
a. PNRC
b. National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
c. Rescue 5
d. Philippine Coast Guard
These are very vital in providing response to any emergency incident in the society in order to
reduce the loss of life and mitigate the destructive effects of disaster risk.

Disaster Response
It is a part of disaster management that grants direct assistance to people affected by expected
or unexpected disasters and emergencies.
Composed of a wide range of disaster activities that involve maintenance of life, improvement
of health, and moral support to the affected population.

Composition:
a. Experienced and highly technical leaders
b. Trained personnel
c. Sufficient resources
d. Effective communication tools
e. Well defined framework on how to react during emergency

Aims of Disaster response;
To make sure that a large number of people affected are in their best of health
To supply whatever the affected people need as sufficient and quickly possible so as to make
them feel that everything is under control.
To ensure that the damaged infrastructures are quickly repaired and replaced in order for the
victims to move on in their respective lives.
In cases of civil/international conflict (WAR), the aim is to ensure that the rights and safety of
the civilian population are protected and well taken care of. This can be done if the local disaster
response group will be teaming up with the PNRC and other disaster response team.
PNRC
A duly recognized organization by the international Red Cross and Red Crescent movement that
is committed to provide life-saving services that will protect the life and dignity of the people
especially the Indigent.
The PNRC provides six (6) major services:
a. Blood Service Disaster Management services
b. Safety Services
c. Community Health and Nursing services
d. Social services
e. Volunteer Services

Disaster Response Activities:
1. Warning- present facts about the potential effects and threat of the disaster
2. Evacuation and migration- movements of the victim away from the area where there is a great risk of
danger.
3. Search and rescue- process of extending help and assistance to those who are devastated by the
Calamity.
4. Post Disaster assessment- provides a detailed picture of what occurred and the damages as well as
the casualties.
5. Response and relief- response in a form of contingency plan is important after a disaster strikes. Relief
materials include shelter, clothing, food, water and the means of preparing it.
6. Logistic and Supply- Resource supply in cases of disaster
7. Communication and Information Management- Radios, telephone, and their supporting system of
repeaters, satellite and transmission areas.
8. Survivor response and coping- sensitivity to the survivors need in order for the victims to recover
easily from trauma and disruption caused by disasters
9. Security- Personnel should see to it that the rights of every victim is protected from injury
10. Emergency response team- Policies and procedure for management requirements in order to cope
with the devastating effects of disasters.
11. Rehabilitation- an activity which aims to resume the usual operation of the basic services, help the
victim to cope up with the challenges and difficulties brought about by the disaster.
12. Reconstruction- the act of bringing back the original function of thing or institution by repairing the
damages on the physical structures.

Traditional and Modern Approaches to Disaster response

Disaster response comes with either traditional or modern approaches which depend on the
type of disaster.

TRADITIONAL:
a. Humanitarian- Material or logistic assistance
b. Remittance- Money/cash donated by others to sustain the needs .
c. Volunteerism- offering the services of people to those who are in need.
d. Mutual Aid and Agreement- agreement between local and foreign government which provide
funds for those people who will be affected by a potential disaster risk.

MODERN:
a. Cell phone- Useful in disseminating short but important messages which can warn people to
an imminent danger of a particular disaster.
b. Spatial information- Form of satellite system which has the capability to monitor activities on
the surface of the earth.



Example:
1. Geographic information system
2. Remote sending system (SATELLITE IMAGERY)
3. Systems
4. Global Positioning System (GPS)
c. Social media and social Networking- aside from its purpose to serve as a channel for the
people to post their professional and personal messages, experiences, photos etc. it can also be
a tool to emergency response communication.

Evaluation: Quiz 06






































LESSON 6: FIRST AID

Activity:
1. Prepare the following:
a. First aid kit
b. White Papers where the following words are
written:
- Cardiac Arrest
- Anaphylaxis
- Insect Sting
- Controlling bleeding
- Laceration/Abbrasion
- Puncture wounds
- Shock
- Burns
- Open fracture
- Dislocation
- Sprains and strains

c. Student hand outs

Pre-Activity:
Flash pps1 and instruct the students to find as many words (related to first aid) they can on the puzzle.
- Burn
- Help
- Adult
- Wash
- Band aid
- Hands
- Water
- Burn
- Clean
- Bandage
- Germ
- Teeth
- Quick
- Hurt
- Brush

Basic first Aid
Refer to the provision of limited care for an illness or injury which is provided usually by a lay
person to a sick or injured person until the injured person is brought to the hospital.
Consist of series of simple, sometimes life-saving medical techniques that an individual with or
without formal medical training, can be trained with minimal treatment.

No one knows when the emergency will occur and therefore people should know how to react quickly in
such emergency situation which is crucial.

Aims of first aid:
a. Preserve life
b. Prevent further injury
c. Promote recovery
d. Protect ourselves

Core priority in giving first aid:
a. Breathing
b. Bleeding
c. Bone

Qualities of effective first aiders:
a. Gentle
b. Observant
c. Resourceful
d. Sympathetic
e. Tactful
f. Cheerful
Important points to remember when giving first aid:
1. Universal Precaution
Steps used to reduce the risk of infecting the rescuer and other victims.
E.g. using alcohol and sanitizer when there is no available soap and water for hand washing
2. Safety first
Safety for the victims, the bystander, as well as the safety of the first aider.
Before a first aider could help the victim he/she must be sure that the scene is safe.
When something is observed unsafe, do not attempt to rescue or save instead seek professional
help.
Basic steps in an Emergency
a. Check the scene and the victim
Is the scene safe?
What happened?
How many victims are there?
Can bystanders help?
b. Call the local emergency number
If there is only one first aider. Do not leave the victim to call for professional help ask someone
from the bystander to do so.
c. Care for the victims
Always care for life- threatening emergencies first
Keep in mind the ABCs when prioritizing and giving care
a. Air way
b. Breathing
c. Circulation
d. Do no further harm
First aider should know when or when not to move the victim.
If in doubt, he/she must not proceed with helping the victim and must ask for a professional
help instead.

First Aid kit:
It is composed of medical supplies and equipment that are used in rendering first aid.
Content may vary depending on the expertise and knowledge of a first aider.
A well stock first aid kit can help us respond effectively to common injuries and emergencies.
Every home should keep at least one (1) kit.

Emergency Situations
Ask the students to turn their hand outs on page 2
a. Cardiac emergency/Arrest
Occurs when the heart stop beating/beats weekly which disabled the blood to circulate
normally.
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of cardiac arrest. Other causes includes:
1. Drowning
2. Suffocating
3. Certain drugs
4. Severe injuries to the chest
5. Severe loss of blood
6. Electrocution
A victim of Cardiac arrest is not breathing and doesnt have pulse
The victim in arrest needs cardiopulmonary resuscitation or CPR which is a combination of
rescue breathing and chest compression.
Show the CPR video to the student

b. Anaphylaxis
An allergic and anaphylaxis reaction caused by skin contact (e.g. poison plants, animal scratches,
pollen, latex), injection (e.g. bee sting, radiographic dyes), ingestion (e.g. medication, fast food
additives) and inhalation (e.g. pollen, dust/dust mites, molds and mild dew, animal dander)
A person under this is under anaphylactic shock may experience difficulty in breathingbecause
at this moment his/her tongue swells (Air passage)
Basic first Aid
For allergic reaction, remove the allergen or the person where the allergen is present as quickly
as possible.
Call the local medical emergency number
Check for special medication that the person might be carrying to treat the allergy and
administer
Have the person lie still on his/her back with feet higher than head
Loosen the clothing, do not give any drinks or food
If there is vomiting or bleeding from the mouth, turn the person on his/her side to prevent
chocking.
If there are no sign of circulation begin the CPR

c. Insect Strings:
Its common sign of a sting is painful, swelling, itching and redness in the sting site
Severe swelling all over the body/face, tongue, lips, weakness, dizziness, breathing/swallowing
difficulty, and death due to airway obstruction.

Basic First Aid
If the victim has a history of allergy to insect asks if he/she carries medication and administer it.
Gently scrape out the stinger as soon as possible. Use a card size or fingernail.
Do not put the stinger out using finger or tweezers since it contain venom
Clean sting area with soap and water
Apply cold compress for 15-20 minutes
Keep the sting area lower than the level of the heart
Administer pain medication if necessary

d. Wounds
Common Type:
1. Bruise (Contusion) - damage to soft tissues and blood vessel causes bleeding under the skin
2. Scrape (Abrasion) - most common type of wound that is caused by skin that has been rubbed or
scraped away.
3. Cut (Incision) - it may have jagged or smooth edges. It is commonly caused by sharp edges objects and
can result when a blow from a blunt object splits the skin.
4. Avulsion- a cut in which a portion of the skin or other soft tissue is partially or completely torn away.
5. Puncture- caused when a pointed object pierces the skin.



Basic First Aid
1. Controlling bleeding
a. Cover the wound with dressing and press firmly with hand
b. Elevate arm above the level of heart
c. Cover the dressing with a roller bandage
d. If the bleeding doesnt stop apply additional dressing and squeeze artery against the bone
e. If bleeding is from the leg, press with the heel of your where the leg bends at the hip.

2. Bruise
a. Apply a cold compress/pack to the bruised areas as soon as possible (15 minutes from the injury).
b. Keep it compressed for 10 minutes at a time and apply with a gentle pressure
c. Take it off for 30-60 minutes
d. Repeat it for 2 days
e. Rest the bruised area and raise it above the level of heart
f. two days after the injury, apply warm compress for 20 minutes
g. Do not apply bandage or dressing to bruise
h. Acetaminophen, ibuprofen or mefenamic acid may be given if the pain is tolerable.

3. Laceration and abrasion
Control/stop bleeding by applying gentle pressure with a clean cloth or bandage, hold it for 20-
30 minutes
Rinse out the wound with a clean water and soap, no need to used iodine, hydrogen peroxide
etc.
If dirt remains in the wound after washing use a tweezers cleaned with alcohol to remove the
particles.
Apply thin layer of antibiotic cream or ointment after cleaning.
Cover the wind with sterile gauze/bandage. After the wound has healed enough to make
infection unlikely, exposure to the air will speed wound healing
Change the dressing at least daily or when it becomes wet and dirty.
For deep wound, go to the Hospital to have it checked if it needs stitches. A minor cut can be
held together by a strip or two surgical tapes.
Observed for a sign of infection- redness, increasing pain, drainage, warmth or swelling.
If the wound is deep or dirty and the persons last shot of tetanus is five years ago, a doctor may
recommend a tetanus shot booster within 48 hours.
4. Puncture
Control bleeding y putting direct pressure on wound and hold it for 15 minutes
Deep wounds require immediate medical attention.
For minor wounds, apply the same steps for aiding laceration and abrasion.

5. Shock
A life threatening condition in which the circulatory system to deliver blood to all aprts of the
body.
This may result to trauma, severe bleeding, heat stroke, allergic reactions and anaphylaxis,
severe infection, poisoning or other causes.
Basic first aid
Call the emergency number
Have the person lie down his/her back
Check for signs of circulation (breathing, coughing, or movement) if absent, begin CPR
Control any external bleeding
Elevate the legs 8-12 inches unless head, neck or back injuries movement in but if it will cause
pain or further injury keep the patient flat. Keep the persons in a minimum as much as possible.
Keep the person warm and comfortable. Loosen belt and tight clothing
Do not give anything in the mouth, even if the person complains of thirst
Turn the person on his/her side to prevent choking.
6. Burn
A burn is a damaged to the bodys tissues caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, sunlight, or
radiation.
Burn can cause infection and loss of fluid from the body and can damage the bodys ability to
control its temperature and the victims ability to breath.
Types of Burn:
a. Superficial burn (1
st
degree)
-involve only the top layer of the skin (red and dry)
b. Partial- thickness (2
nd
degree)
- involve the top layer of the skin (red, has blisters that may open and weep clear fluid making the skin
appear wet)
c. Full thickness burn (3
rd
degree)
- destroys all layers of the skin and any of the underlying structures (fat, muscles, bone, and nerves)

Basic first aid
Cool the burn by placing the burned area under cold running water for five minutes
Cover the burn with a dry, sterile gauze bandage and wrap it loosely
Take an over the counter pain reliever
Watch out for signs of infection.

7. Injuries to muscles, bones and joint
Basic types:
a. Fracture
A partial or complete break in the bone
Kinds:
a. Complete- the bone snaps into 2 or more parts
b. Incomplete- the bone cracks but doesnt break all the way through
c. Open (compound) - the skin over fracture has been damaged or broken
d. Close (simple) - the skin is intact and no wound exist anywhere near the fracture site
b. Dislocation
Is the movement of the bone at a joint away from its normal position usually caused by a violent
force tearing the ligaments that hold the bone in placed.
The injury will deform and immobilize the joint, may result to pain, swelling, and discoloration.
Dislocation can cause damage to the membrane lining the joint
Shoulders are the most prone to dislocation injuries as well as fingers, hips, ankles, elbows and
jaws and the spine
A dislocated vertebrae in the spine often damages the spinal cord and can paralyze the body
parts lower than the injury site.
c. Sprain
An injury to a ligament caused by excessiveness stretching.
Ankle and knee sprains occur most often than wrist and finger sprains.
Often result from a fall, a sudden twist or a blow that forces the joint out of its normal position
resulting to a tear in the ligament.
d. Strain
Muscle strain, pull or tear involves damage to a muscle or its attaching tendons.
Strains are often caused by lifting something heavy or working a muscle too hard.
Muscle in the neck, back, thigh, or the back of the lower leg are frequently the site of strain
injury.

Basic first aid for injuries to muscles, bones and joints.
1. Open Fracture
Monitor for sign of shock
Control bleeding by applying pressure to the wound
Immobilized the injured area by applying a splint
Use firm material (folded newspaper, broomstick) for the splint
a. Support the injured area above and below the site of the injury
b. Check for feeling, warmth, and colour
c. Place several folded triangular bandages above and below the injured area.
d. Place injured area next to the injured area
e. Tie triangular bandages securely
f. Recheck for feeling, warmth, and colour
After applying the splint, indirectly apply cold compress on the injured area for 30 seconds
2. Dislocation
Needs immediate medical care, find medical help as soon as possible for this type of emergency
Immobilize the injured area above and below the injured joint
Do not press, move or reset a dislocated joint
Apply cold compress to relieve pain and swelling.
3. Sprain and strain (P.R.I.C.E)
P- Protect the injured limb
R- Rest the injured limb
I- Ice the area
C- Compress the area with an elastic wrap or bandage
E- Elevate the injured limb above your heart in order to prevent or limit the swelling.

Breathing Emergencies
Happens when a person breathing is so impaired that life is threatened.
Occurs in two ways:
a. Breathing becomes difficult
b. breathing stops

Causes:
Obstructive airway
Illness
Respiratory condition
Electrocution
Shock
Near drowning
Heart attack
Injury to the chest or lungs
Allergic reactions
Drugs
Poisoning

Happens to a person experiencing respiratory arrest:
Respiratory Arrest
A condition in which the breathing stops
It may be caused by illness, injury or an obstructed airway
Respiratory distress can also lead to respiratory arrest
A person in respiratory arrest gets no oxygen and the only way to keep the persons respiratory
system is by providing rescue breathing.

Rescue Breathing
A technique of breathing air into a person to supply the oxygen needed to survive.
Do not stop rescue breathing unless:
a. The victim begin to breaths his/her own
b. The victim has no pulse, begin CPR
c. Another rescuer with training equal to or greater than yours to take over
d. You are too exhausted to continue

Types of airway obstruction:
a. Airway obstruction
The most common cause of respiratory emergencies
Types:

1. Anatomical Obstruction
- When the airway is block by anatomical structure (tongue, swollen tissue of the mouth and throats)
- May result from injury to the neck or a medical emergency

2. Mechanical obstruction
- Occurs when the air way is block by a foreign objects (food, a small toy, or fluids like vomit, blood,
mucus, saliva, or water)

Common causes of choking:
a. Trying to swallow a large and poorly chewed food
b. Drinking alcohol before or during meal- alcohol dulls (reduce the ability) the nerve that aid swallowing
c. Wearing dentures-difficulty of chewing the food well
d. Eating too fast, eating while talking or laughing
e. Walking, playing, or running with food or object in the mouth

A person who is choking may experience the following:
1. Partial airway obstruction
- A person experiencing this can still move air to and from the lungs
- This air allows the person to cough in an attempt to dislodge (remove) the object
- The victim has still enough air entering lungs to breathe and therefore encourage him/her to continue
coughing to clear obstruction.


2. Complete airway obstruction
- A partial can become complete airway obstruction
- A person who experience this will unable to speak, cru, breathe, or cough
- Coughing weakly and ineffectively is a sign that the victim is not getting enough air to the lungs that
sustain life.

Application:
1. Divide the class into several groups and ask a representative to pick one paper (folded).
2. Ask the students to make a four (4) minute demonstration; they may use their hand out for reference