COAST GUARD LOGISTICS

PRESERVATION OF STORES



GUIDELINES FOR PRESERVATION
OF STORES














GUIDELINES FOR PRESERVATION
OF STORES













GUIDELINES FOR PRESERVATION OF STORES

0101. The main objective of store depots is to provide the stores to the demanding units at
the earliest and to maintain a healthy inventory at all times to meet the requirements of the
demanding units. The machinery stores form an important part in the inventory of store
depots and it is imperative that the same are stowed in such a way at the store depots that
their properties and shape remains intact without any variations. In order to safeguard
against deterioration, the attention needs to be paid for proper practices of preservation of
stores items.
0102. The damage caused in storage, transshipment or because of environmental action on
the material and its properties, leading to material change and making it less capable of
performing designed functions is called deterioration.

0103. Different environmental conditions may produce stress which could cause
deterioration in the designed functions. The factors could be physical, chemical and
biological or conditions governing interplay of these leading to variation in properties of the
stores/materials. These can be the divided into following two groups.

(a) Natural environment such as gravity, climatic conditions, dust, moisture,
biological attack etc.

(b) Environment generated by acceleration, shock, compression, vibration, chemical
and industrial pollution, electromagnetic interference, static electricity, acoustics
etc.

Tropical Climate

0104. It is a combination of fairly high relative humidity with prolonged and sustained high
temperature and high saline content of the atmosphere, which provides conditions conducive
for corrosion. Prevailing temperature and humidity are also conducive for the growth of
micro-organisms and insects.

Factors Responsible for Deterioration

0105. The factors which are responsible for the deterioration of stores are classified as
physical, chemical and biological.

(a) Physical factors. Sunlight, heat, dust, grime and similar agents responsible
for deterioration are grouped under the term Physical factors.

(b) Chemical factors. Moisture and water, salts, acids, alkaloid vapors and gases
and such other substances are categorized as Chemical factors.
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(c) Biological factors. The Biological factors include rodents, insects, microbes
and other living forms.

0106. The independent agents may not act simultaneously or all the agents may also affect
the stored items at the same time. The sequence of action from the agents responsible for
deterioration may have a very important effect on the material and stores.

Preventive Measures & Ideal Storage Conditions

0107. Protection of stores and equipment from deterioration is mandatory to provide
reliability of the stores for the end user. This can be achieved by preventive and prophylactic
measures. The former is achieved by modifying storage to avoid conditions conducive to
deterioration due to inherent characteristics of stores as well as different agencies. The latter
are preventive treatments to avoid or deter the deteriorating agencies or modify
characteristics of stores. These preventive treatments may be in built i.e. provided during
manufacture by way of design and construction materials or treatment given after
manufacture.

Items Needing Preservation

0108. Items requiring deliberate preservation should be identified in each store depot and
the record of same along with their location is also required to be maintained.

0109. Preservation can be broadly classified into two parts:-
(a) External Preservation.
(b) Internal Preservation.

(a) External Preservation. The external preservation is required to protect stores
against environmental condition such as heat, moisture and dust. The following
guidelines are to be followed for external preservation:

(i) Items should be kept in its original packing, except where the original
packing is poor or deteriorated. In the latter case the packing must be
completely replaced with new packing.

(ii) Items should not be stored in the open as far as possible. Where it is
unavoidable, dunnage and waterproof covering must be used, where
necessary.

(iii) Items requiring AC or dehumidified storage should be identified and kept
in such spaces.

(iv) Store depots must be kept absolutely dust free.
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(v) For protection of stores against moisture, silica gel should be used,
where necessary.

(vi) Metal items should be painted or greased in order to prevent corrosion
and stowed in a location to avoid moisture.

(vii) Chalk powder should be applied to rubber items in order to prevent them
from cracking and to keeping them soft.

0110. In the case of items such as untreated steel plates, propellers and propeller shafts,
external preservation work may be contracted out till the in-house expertise is achieved.

0111. Preservation through hermetic sealing may be contracted out to local trade if
required or achieved as in-house capability.

0112. Internal Preservation. Internal Preservation is applicable to various types of
engines, prime mover, motors, generators, dynamos and such equipment which are required
to be operated periodically. The boxes in which such items are stored should give a
preservation schedule and record must be affixed to them. Details and location of items
requiring internal preservation should remain available with the staff of Store depot.

Responsibility of Store Depots

0113. The Officer-in- charge store depot is responsible for preservation of stores under his
charge. The Oi/Cs of the store depots are responsible for the preparation of a comprehensive
annual preservation plan and ensure that it is carried out regularly and effectively.

0114. A store depot must provide a very clean and healthy environment which is essential
for both preservation of stock as well as for achieving conducive working conditions for the
staff. In order to achieve the required level of cleanliness, the following are required:-

There should be a clearly designated work area where all work such as
un-packing and preservation can be done.
The floor should be in a good physical condition and washed periodically.
The vacuum cleaners must be used to keep the racks and the floor free of dust.
Opening of storehouses must be controlled to minimize the ingress of dust into
the store houses.

0115. Vacuum cleaning of racks and floors has to be done regularly in order to remove the
accumulated dust. The dust control may also require doors and windows to be kept closed
with air conditioning system to bring in filtered air.




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0116. Tidy working environment in storehouses has a direct bearing on productivity. It can
be encouraged by keeping the work area clearly demarcated from the storage area. Proper
arrangement of racks and sufficient illumination also play important role in the tidiness.
Ventilation and Dust Control
0117. In general the items/stores available at the Coast Guard Store Depots are susceptible
to dust and proper care is required to be undertaken against accumulation of dust. Through
cleaning of the stores and surrounding areas with vacuum cleaner is required on regular
basis. The items such as signaling projectors, starters, Distribution boards, routine
maintenance kits sea water pumps, radar wave guides, communication and navigation
equipment and their spares, seals etc are very sensitive to the dust particles and the area
where these items are stored must be cleaned thoroughly.
0118. Ventilation through doors and windows also brings with it dust into the storehouse. It is
therefore advisable for storehouses to be provided with dust free ventilation through intake
and exhaust fans. Intake fans should be fitted with filters to remove dust.
General Principles of storage
0119. The general principles of storage are as follows:-

Dunnage. Dunnage prevents moisture from the ground or floor reaching the
stores and allows proper ventilation beneath a stack. It also facilitates ventilation
within the stack, apart from enabling cleaning beneath the stack. It also provides
firm and stable base for the stores and in specific cases prevents termites from
attacking stores.

Store Hygiene. In order to maintain the store hygiene the following must be
observed:-
- Cleanliness.
- Proper ventilation to keep the stores and store rooms dry and prevention of
heat accumulation.
- Segregation of infested stores and disinfestations of store houses.

Prophylactic Measures. These consist of regular spraying and fumigation of store
houses with insecticides and fumigants in case the store is susceptible to
infestation.

Sequence of issue. The stores received first must be issued first in order to avoid
accumulation of old stores.


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Periodical Inspection. In order to detect deterioration, stores should be
periodically examined and immediate action must be initiated to treat the stores
if ant deterioration is detected.

Fire Fighting Systems. It is very important for the safety of the stores at the
store depots that a fire fighting system automatic or manual must be available
with adequate fire points at key locations. The places where use of water may
cause corrosion of stores and equipment, suitable fire extinguishing system
should be installed.
Specialized Storage

0120. The following are the different types of specialized storage:-
Air conditioned storage.
Dehumidified storage.
Long item storage.
Cable drum storage.
Extra heavy item/outdoor storage.
Flammable storage.
Hazardous storage.

Air Conditioned Storage

0121. The requirements of low temperature vary from item to item. However, taking into
account the range of items requiring air conditioned storage and the costs involved, the
following minimum conditions may be achieved for air conditioned storage:-
Temperature not to exceed 22
0
C.
Relative humidity not to exceed 50%.

0122. The air conditioned storage is very expensive and results in 200% to 400% extra
storage costs. It is therefore vital that both horizontal and vertical dimensions in AC storage
are exploited to the maximum and items should be stored right up to the ceiling.

0123. Insulation is extremely important in AC storage. The windows should also be
appropriately insulated.

0124. The heat emissions inside AC store rooms are primarily from light and people.
Low heat emitting and covered lamps should be fitted and lights should be switched on
only in the required areas and the personnel without specific work should not be allowed
inside the AC store. The maintenance contracts may also be executed to maintain the
air conditioners in operational conditions and to ensure minimum down time.
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Dehumidified Storage

0125. Dunnage prevents moisture from ground or floor reaching to the stores and allows
proper ventilation beneath the stack. It not only facilitates ventilation within the stack, but also
enables proper cleaning underneath the stack and in specific cases prevents termites from
attacking the stores. Humidity in most of the coastal states ranges from 80% to 90%
throughout the year. The specific items viz. PCB, gaskets, rubber products and other special
items are required to be stored at places with which are less humid.

0126. Dehumidification in storage is achieved by:-
Airtight packing.
Vacuum sealing of packing.
Dehumidified storage space.

Long Items

0127. Long items cannot be placed on the racks and are invariably left on the floor in
outdoors and in open spaces. To store these items efficiently, cantilever supports are
required. Cantilever racks can be fixed on to the walls. The cantilever supports will save the
long items for directly coming in contact with water.

Cable Storage

0128. Cables are required to be stored after winding over the drums and issue should be
made after un-reeling the cable and cutting off the required length.

Flammable Stores

0129. Flammable stores are those stores that are highly combustible. Flammable stores
include oils, greases and paints. These stores should be stored in a separate store where the
following is provided:-
Automatic fire warning system.
Additional firefighting equipment in the vicinity.
Automatic fire fighting system if possible.

Extra Heavy Item /Outdoor Storage

0130. The items that cannot be stored indoors for reasons of weight or bulk may be
stored outdoors. The only stores that can be stored outdoors are the exceptionally
heavy items viz. anchors, chain cables, shafts and propellers.



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0131. The items stored outdoor must be stored on specially made hard stands which
should meet the following standards:-
It must be at least 50 cm clear above the surrounding land and should not
get flooded during rains.
The hard stand must have an even surface with adequate slope so that
the rain water falling on it should not stagnate and must run off quickly.
The hard stand must be large enough for items to be stored in a manner
so as they can be inspected at regular intervals.
It should be possible for a mobile crane to get on the hard stand to place
or remove items.

Greasing/ Oiling and Preservative Coating
0132. There are a large number of metal items which require greasing and oiling to
preserve them form corrosion. After the greasing or oiling, the item should be put into
the preservation packing. Items such as chain cables require preservation coatings to
be applied periodically.
Use of Chalk
0133. The rubberized items such as the Gemini boats, rain coats are required to be
stored in the Air conditioned storage. Such material are generally kept in soft condition
and prevented from cracking by application of the chalk powder.
0134. The items requiring special preservation care normally arrive in a preserved
condition and in appropriate packing. While taking such items on charge, special care is
to be taken and it is important that:-
The sealed packages are not opened without the approval of the Officer in
Charge of the store depot.
On occasions where the package is opened, it is again packed back
carefully so that its original preserved state is restored.
Special Stowage and Preservation of Stores
0135. Special care is to be taken for certain items and stores. The method for
preservation and storage of certain important items/store which require special stowage
arrangements and preservation is enumerated in the succeeding Articles.
Acid
0136. Acids are dangerous and should not be kept near any stores of an inflammable
nature, nor where they, or the fumes from them, may cause damage to other stores.
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Violent reaction may occur if acids come into contact with metals or water. The
containers should be clearly marked with the full description of the contents. Acids are
highly corrosive when concentrated and needs to be handled with care to prevent harm
or injury. Specific safety precautions need to be taken when handling, transporting and
storing acids and medical help should be immediately made available if accidental
contact occurs.
Handling. It is advisable that chemical-resistant apron, chemical-
resistant gloves and chemical splash goggles should be worn at all times
when handling acid to protect eyes and skin. Concentrated acid is toxic if
inhaled, so avoid breathing it in and always handle it while under a fume
hood.

Transportation. Unbreakable bottle carriers or PVC-coated bottles
while transporting acid should be used. It is advisable to check for cracks
on the acid bottle before picking it up or touching it. Look for spilled acid
on the handle before touching the bottle. Small amounts of acid can be
flushed down with large quantities of water.

Storage. Acids should be stored in a dedicated wooden cabinet.
Wooden cabinets are better than metal cabinets for storing acids because
metal corrodes easily from acid fumes. Always keep a color-coded acid
bottle cap on bottles so that it is easy to identify the acids stowed in
different bottles. Acids should be kept away from inflammable material. In
no case, acids to be stowed in the Naval Store-rooms of ships except
where a special acid store is provided for storage.

Emergency. If exposed to a harmful acid such as HCL, medical
attention should be sough immediately. If acid splashes on skin, water
may be used to rinse it for 15 to 20 minutes. If acid gets into eyes, eyes
should be immediately flushed with water for a minimum of 15 to 20
minutes. If acid soaks your clothing, immediately remove the clothing
before it gets onto the skin.

Ball Bearing
0137. It is important that ball-bearings in stores are kept in the packing in which they
are originally received from the manufacturer. It is also desirable that such packing
should not be opened at any time before the bearings are required for installation. They
should be stored in a position which will not involve the risk of dust or moisture entering
the boxes, or melting of the preservative grease. If for any specific reason, a ball-
bearing has been unwrapped from its original packing, and is again placed in store, it
must be ensured that the bearing and its packing are in the same condition in which it
would be received from the manufacturer. The bearings are coated in a protective layer

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of grease, wax or other rust prevention compound and if opened to the air, the same is
liable to contaminate. In order to maintain the bearings in serviceable condition, the
following are to be ensured:-

The bearings, filled with grease should be monitored periodically for their
lubricating properties.

Bearings should be stored away from dusty environment which can cause
problems if the dusts sits on bearing surfaces or enters bearing races.

Bearings must be laid down flat on the storage shelves. The loads acting
on the rolling elements are now evenly distributed whereas, with on edge
or standing storage, much of the load would act on just one or two of the
bearings rolling elements. Moreover, the weight of the rings and rolling
elements in the standing position might cause permanent deformation as
the rings are relatively thin walled.

Ensure that the area is dry and has a cool steady temperature without any
drafts to avoid condensation. The temperature should be stable within
reasonable limits and not allowing the temperatures to fluctuate more than
10
0
C per hour.

Setting up a first in first out stock rotation policy, to ensure bearings arent
stored for long periods of time.

Regular maintenance and inspections of the store where the bearing is
stored should be performed at regular intervals.

Barometer
0138. Mercurial Barometers. Mercurial Barometers are delicate instruments and need
careful handling and packing. During storage or transit they shall be kept in the boxes
in which they are supplied. When returning defective instruments a short statement of
the defects shall be furnished and included in the box. Repairable mercurial barometers
with unbroken tubes, returned for repairs shall be carefully packed, and stored with
cisterns upwards. Barometers must be inverted very slowly, otherwise the top of the
tube may broke by the impact of mercury. When the tubes are broken, the loose
mercury shall be poured into a bottle and well corked. Gold slides and counter weights
shall be detached and returned separately.
Method of transportation. While transporting the mercury barometer, fill
the vacuum part with mercury and turn the barometer upside down to
prevent any air from entering. This also applies to indoor transport,
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regardless of distance. For long distance transport, carry it in a leather
carrying case keeping the barometer in the upside down position.

Storing the mercury barometer in a leather carrying case. Check the
leather carrying case so the barometer will not come off, inspect that the
shoulder belt is not worn-out, and the cap can be tightened securely. When
everything is checked out, put the barometer, which has been turned
upside down, in the leather carrying case slowly. When the mercury cistern
is about to enter the leather carrying case, grab the adjusting screw
securely with one hand and lift up the leather carrying case with the other
hand so that the top of the mercury barometer bottom sits on the leather
carrying case. After putting the barometer into the leather case, fill
cushioning material around the mercury cistern for support.

0139. Aneroid Barometers. Great care should be exercised in handling these
instruments in order to prevent the glass being broken and the needle becoming
detached from its piddle. The N.P.L. certificates issued with Aneroid Barometers,
should always accompany the instruments on return. The hole for adjusting pointer
should be covered with a screw cap (if any) or with thin paper to keep out dust and
insects. Do not transport these barometers by air, as barometer capsules may break
from exceeding its measuring range.

Cameras
0140. Normally cameras supplied for usage are of robust external construction, but
they are essentially delicate stores because:-
Shutters are timed with precision to a small fraction of a second.
Lenses are adjusted to focus within extremely fine limits.
Lenses are constructed, in part, of optical glass that are soft in the sense
that the highly polished surfaces are easily damaged.
Dry and dust-free stowage is essential and so far as practicable the normal
store temperature should not be lower than 10 Deg Cel, or higher than
19 Deg Cel. temperature fluctuations should not be greater than
2 Deg Cel. on either way.
Lenses and shutters, if attached to cameras when received, should in no
circumstances be removed for separate stowage. Lenses should never
be rubbed with materials such as linen or chamois leather; they should be
suitably protected from dust when received, but not otherwise touched
except by technical staff.


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0141. In order to have the cameras stored in proper place, the following are to be
ensured:-
Avoid Electronic Equipment. Avoid placing the camera near an electronic
device which generates a magnetic field. Long-term exposure to a strong
magnetic field could damage the camera's LCD screen and other electronic
components.
Avoid Extreme Temperatures. Camera is required to be stored in an
area where it won't be subjected to extreme temperature fluctuations.
Extreme heat can damage the camera case, while extreme cold could
damage the camera's LCD screen.
Avoid High Humidity. Storing the camera in extremely damp location could
damage the camera's components over a period of time and end up with
humidity inside the lens, which could lead to condensation inside the camera,
and the same may ruin the photos and damage the internal electronics of the
camera. Camera is required to be placed in a sealed plastic bag with a
moisture-absorbing desiccant, just to provide additional protection against
humidity.
Remove Component. It is recommended to remove the battery and memory
card from camera when not use in for longer duration. If it is a DSLR camera,
the interchangeable lens should also be removed and the camera's lens caps
and guards should also be used for protection.

Check for Mold and Mildew. It is recommended to take the camera out of
storage every 4-6 weeks in order to prevent mold and mildew.

Cells, Accumulators and Batteries
0142. Special care shall be taken that all cells and batteries are stored in a dry and
well-ventilated store, and if possible, protected from extreme cold/ hot conditions. In
storing dry cells, care shall be taken that their terminals do not touch each other and
that no articles are placed on them which are likely to cause a short circuit. Spare
secondary cells for radio purposes shall be kept dry when stowed in the Store, and
positive and negative groups shall be stowed separately in a manner which will prevent
access of moisture. The following care is to be ensured:-
Keep Batteries in the Original Packaging if Possible. Storing batteries
sealed in their original packaging ensures that they remain protected from
humidity.
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Store Rechargeable Batteries at a 40 percent Charge. Rechargeable
batteries with lithium or nickel chemistry should be stored at around a 40
percent charge. This minimizes the degradation due to age, and still allowing
the battery to slowly discharge itself, which is crucial for its operational health.

Always Store Batteries with the Positive and Negative Terminal away
from each other. If batteries are stored with positive and negative terminals
touching they may begin conducting electricity idly, which will discharge them.
Storing batteries in their original package will help in preventing the same.

Leave Plastic Caps on Batteries Terminal when Applicable. Some of the
batteries, including many 9 Volt batteries, come with a plastic cap fitted over
the terminals. Leave these caps on during storage to prevent the batteries
from conducting electricity and losing their charges.

Dry and Well-Ventilated Store. Special care shall be taken that all cells
are stores in a dry and well-ventilated store, and, if possible, protected from
extreme cold and heat with ideal temperature around 17 Deg Cel.

Torch batteries. Torch batteries deteriorate by being allowed to remain in
torches when not in use. All batteries are to be stowed so as to allow a free
current of air to circulate between the tiers, and both ends shall be easily
opened for inspection.
0143. Cells for transit shall be packed so as to prevent the breakage of insulation or
damage to the connections or containing vessels. The following method of packing for
the large type of secondary cells has been standardized:-
A piece of spun yarn is passed under the bottom of each cell and through
the holes in the terminals.
Light crates of in. batteries are constructed of sizes, just sufficient to
take one cell each with its band of spun yarn.
Cells are placed in the crates and light battens screwed on top to prevent
any vertical movement of the cell within the crate. The battens are placed
so as not to hide the spun yard referred to in serials mentioned above.
The crates are packed in cases-two, three or four to a case, according to
the size of the cells-with two inches of straw or wood wool all round.
On unpacking, the crates are lifted out of the cases by the spun yarn
band. The cells are taken out of the crates by this means also after
removal of top battens.

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0144. All persons likely to handle the larger type of cells are to be made aware of the
fact that the internal part of the cells is loose, and easily displaced. Most of the damage
which has occurred in the past may be attributed to careless handling in the process of
unpacking and especially to attempts to lift the cells by the terminals.
0145. Saw dust shall never be used for packing batteries as it is hygroscopic. They
are always to be wrapped individually in waxed paper, and shavings used for packing.
Torch batteries deteriorate by being allowed to remain in torches when not in use. All
batteries are to be stowed so as to allow a free current of air to circulate between the
tiers; and both ends shall be easily open to inspection.

0146. Nickel Iron Batteries. The following instructions shall be compiled with in
regard to the care and maintenance of batteries, nickel iron:-
Storage conditions shall be as clean, dry and cool, as possible, but low
temperatures shall be avoided.
The cells shall be examined every six months, any corrosion product removed
and the exposed parts greased with petroleum jelly as necessary. In tropical
climates, examination for corrosion shall take place every three months.
Care to be taken that the charging instructions affixed to the cardboard
containers are not obliterated in any way during storage.
No naked flame shall be brought near the cells during charging and the space
in which the cells are charged shall be well ventilated.
As a considerable amount of gas is evolved while being charged, frequent
topping up of the cells is necessary to keep the caustic potash at the correct
level. Distilled water shall be used for this purpose. It is also necessary that
the level of the caustic potash be maintained above the top of the plates.
0147. Batteries for Aldis Signaling Lanterns. The lead terminals of batteries
are easily damaged. When returning or drawing these batteries they shall be
transported in battery boxes.
Contacts, Contact Screws
0148. Contacts, contact screws, etc., should be stores in the boxes and paper wrapping
in which they are received. Electric contactors and their components are moisture-
sensitive components or assemblies which need to be packed in vacuum-sealed dry
bags together with a drying agent and humidity indicator. Dry bags should not have
holes, dents, or cracks of any kind which may influence the packaged materials or the
moisture protection characteristics of the packaging material.

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Cotton Waste
0149. Cotton waste shall be stowed in a cool dry place and contamination by oil or fat
shall be avoided. Where such contamination is suspected the temperature of the
doubtful bale shall be taken and if it is found to be in excess of the surrounding
atmosphere, investigation as to the cause shall be carried out immediately. Such
investigation might result in the prevention of spontaneously combustion occurring in a
few days or even weeks. Cotton waste which is found to be contaminated with oil,
grease or moisture should not retain on board unless it can be issued within a very short
time.
Cordage
0150. Cordage shall be stowed according to description and size and where practicable
in a dry, cool, well ventilated storeroom. It shall not be exposed to damp, draught or
direct sunlight nor allowed to come into contact with metals or water. Air space shall be
arranged between the cordage and the deck of the store room. On supply, cordage will
be tallied showing the date of the last test and services for which the rope shall not be
used. To this end, it is important that the tallies are safeguarded against loss or damage
causing obliteration of the last date of test, etc. In order to avoid deterioration in store
rooms, the most aged cordage shall be used first.

Curtains
0151. Curtains and over cases in ships and establishments can be rendered
unserviceable, after a very short life (due to excessive shrinkage of the material when
unsuitable chemical agents are used in laundering processes. As an endeavor to
prolong the life of such articles a dry cleaning process only should be used, the work
being carried out by a reputable firm.
0152. In the case of ships and establishments where dry cleaning facilities cannot be
arranged locally, over cases and curtains should be washed with care, using ordinary
yellow hard soap and tepid water.

Deoxidine
0153. There is the possibility that the acid content of Deoxidine may attack the metal of
the container, with the consequent generation of hydrogen gas, which could in time
possibly cause the drum to burst. Care should, therefore, be taken when handling
drums. Drums should invariably be pierced before opening. The quantity of hydrogen
evolved is small and should not constitute a danger in itself.
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Diving Apparatus
0154. Breast-ropes, etc., for divers, contain rubber and shall be stowed in a cool, dry
place. They should, on supply from yards and store depots, have metal tabs attached
showing length of the rope and the date of test. Care must be taken to ensure long life
of the items:-
Wetsuit care is essential for prolong life. A well cared wetsuit will last for many
seasons. The most important factors are rinsing the suit after every dive and
storage. Both these factors will increase the life of wetsuit.

After each and every dive, it is important to rinse wetsuit in freshwater. Place
the wetsuit in a bath and also add an antiseptic liquid to remove any salt and
other organic residue. Using a wetsuit shampoo should also help.
After rinsing, turn the suit inside out to dry. It is best to avoid drying out
wetsuit under direct sunlight. Exposing the suit for long periods under the heat
of the sun, may deteriorate the neoprene.
When storing wetsuit, it is best to place it on a wide hangar. Try to store in a
cool, dry environment, for preventing exposure to direct sunlight. Avoid folding
the wetsuit tightly or leaving it folded for extensive periods. Doing so will
permanently damage the suit.
For additional wetsuit care, once wetsuit has dried out, lubricate the fasteners
and zippers with a silicone spray or some other non petroleum lubricant. This
will reduce the likelihood of zipper getting jammed due to a build up of salt
crystals and salt deposition.
Electric Cables
0155. All cables shall be stowed in a dry, well-ventilated store, on reels where
practicable or coiled and wrapped properly. Heavy electric cable, however, including
lead-cased of half inch or more in diameter should not be placed on fitted reels but kept
on board in the form in which received, i.e., on a contractors drum or done up in a large
coil. All cables should be supplied with sealed ends, and the Logistics Officer is to
ensure that after cutting a length of cable for issue, the cut end is resealed by the
application of Chatterton Compound and adhesive tape.
All cables shall be stowed in a dry, well ventilated store, away from any oil
and chemicals preferably on cable drums/reels and wrapped as supplied
from the Depot/firm. All cables on receipt are to be clearly marked with the
pattern number and date of receipt.
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Keep cable drum upright. The drum is designed to be handled in upright
position. It may not sustain if lifted lying flat.

When the drum must be rolled for some reason, always roll the drum in the
direction of arrow. This way, the cable will not unwind or loosen on the
drum. Limit rolling up to the distance of five meters.

Lift the drum without causing any damage to the cable, a shaft through the
centre of the drum may be used for lifting.

When handling with fork lift, the forks must be longer than the width of the
drum being lifted. Preferably, different widths of drums should be marked on
the forks enabling the operator to select the correct position for the given
drum size. Leave sufficient room between drums so that the fork doesnt
damage the drum.

Avoid punching nails into cable drums. If nailing is utmost necessary, make
sure that they don't touch the cable.

Make sure that each drum is provided with stoppers to prevent from rolling
during storage.

Stacking of cable drums should be avoided.

During transportation, the cable drum shall be fastened to the base through
the centre hole or across the flanges with wires or ropes. To prevent
movement of drums, a combination of wedges and transportation support
should be used and tied down front and rear.

Cable drums must not be dropped from the vehicle. The drum is to be lifted
either by winch or fork-lift.

The site chosen for storage of cable drums must be level and dry. It should
have a firm, preferably concreted surface. This will avoid sinking of the
drums and difficulty in subsequent shifting.

All cable drums should be stored in such a manner as to leave sufficient
space between them for air circulation.

During storage, the drum should be rolled to an angle of 90 degree once
every three months. Also, tie bolts shall be checked and tightened at regular
intervals.



16
Always turn a cable drum using turn table. Never use crow bar if turn table
is not available. Two well greased plates can be used instead.
0156. The Logistics Officer is to ensure that all cables on receipt are clearly marked
with the pattern number and date of receipt. A cable held in the store shall be similarly
identified, to ensure that issues of cable are in accordance with the dates of receipt. In
this respect, reels shall be empties first before winding on a cable received at a later
date.
0157. The Electrical Officer is to inspect the cables and stowage annually. Signs of
deterioration or defective storage shall be dealt with in conjunction with the Logistics
Officer. The Establishment List of Cables held on Board is to be reviewed annually by
the Electrical Officer and any changes considered necessary forwarded to the relevant
authority.
0158. Supply personnel should understand that heat and moisture are injurious to all
cables and also that oil will cause rapid deterioration of rubber insulation. If deterioration
is apparent, due to either of the above circumstances during the period between annual
inspections, the fact shall be reported, to the Electrical Officer and the Logistics Officer.
All cables held on board for a period of five years shall be returned for survey, suitably
labeled.
Electric Welding
0159. It is important that welding electrodes are kept dry since the castings readily
absorb moisture and the efficiency of welds is liable to be seriously affected thereby.
The electrodes which may have soaked with water are unfit for use. The following points
must be adhered to for better stowage of the welding electrodes:-
Welding electrodes must be properly stored in order to deposit quality
welds. When electrodes absorb moisture from the atmosphere, they must
be dried in order to restore the ability to deposit quality welds. Electrodes
with too much moisture may lead to cracking or porosity.
Store electrodes in hermetically sealed containers, which provide excellent
protection against moisture pickup. Do not open the hermetically sealed
containers until the electrode is needed for use.
When the electrodes have been exposed to the atmosphere for period of a
few days, the electrode can be re-dried for usage.
Any electrode should be discarded if excessive re-drying causes the coating
to become fragile and flake or break off while welding.
17
Fire Extinguishers
0160. All extinguishers should be stored in their separate cartons as originally
supplied, or, if these are not available, in brown paper or cardboard cartons improvised
for the purpose, so as to protect them from dampness and the collection of dust etc. As
a precaution against corrosion, with resultant loss of contents by leakage or
evaporation, refills should when necessary be given two coats of black paint. Care
should however, be taken to ensure that no part of the instructions of the tin is
obliterated by paint.
0161. Charged extinguishers in store should always be stowed horizontally and tested.
Foam type extinguishers, in cold weather should be stowed in a position where the
temperature is not likely to fall below 8 Deg Cel. The effectiveness of the extinguishers
is improved if the temperature is not allowed to fall below about 16 Deg Cel.
0162. A thin brass sheet shall be made to fit on the extinguisher and the following
information shall be stamped on it:-
Date when last filled.
Date when solutions were last tested.
Date when last pressure-tested.

0163. Any extinguishers not fitted with brass sheet shall be proved with a label, wired
to the extinguisher, with the above information stamped on it.
0164. Before Foam Type Extinguishers are returned to the Logistics Officer when
ships pay off, or for other reasons, they shall be discharged, and the liquid containers
rinsed with fresh water and thoroughly dried. To avoid unnecessary waste of the
chemical charges, this operation should be arranged to coincide, as far as practicable,
with the periodical discharge trials. New extinguishers, when received, shall be
examined internally, to ensure that they are free from moisture.

Flags, Bunting and Woolen Goods
0165. Flags, except those in use, bunting and woolen goods (e.g., drawers, stockings,
etc.) shall be kept neatly folded in suitable cupboards, with naphthalene on the articles
and between the folds for their preservation from the ravages of moth. Naphthalene, or
such other preparation as may be authorized, shall be applied from time to time; but the

18
strictest precautions against fire shall be observed in the use of any inflammable oil or
spirit. The foreign ensigns and other flags likely to be remain in store for some time
shall be tied up in bags or paper parcels, with each flag containing naphthalene.
0166. Salt, even in small amounts, has a pronounced tendering effect upon silk, and if
salt water is allowed to dry on a silk flag, the salt tends to be absorbed by the flag and
becomes increasingly difficult to remove completely. Silk flags which have been in
contact with salt water are to be washed in fresh water before storing. They should be
rinsed three or four times in fresh water (as soft as possible) the water being changed
on each occasion, and then thoroughly air dried. The operation should consist of simply
rinsing, and the flags should then be hung out to drain, without wringing or subjecting to
any harsh treatment which would be liable to damage the fibers of the silk. It is very
important to ensure that the flags are thoroughly dried before being put away, as
storage of silk in a damp condition would, in itself, be sufficient to cause deterioration.
There is no objection to drying in an artificially warmed atmosphere if necessary, but
exposure to high temperature should be avoided.
0167. The woolen goods must be stored in a manner as mentioned below:-
All woolen goods must be protected from moisture, since wool is strongly
hygroscopic and readily absorbs moisture.

Storing wool and other clothing like flags, bunting etc. in plastic doesnt
allow insects to breathe properly. Storing clothing in breathable cotton or
paper will allow air to circulate.

Storing foreign ensigns, other flags and wool items in pillow cases or paper
bags with naphthalene will also create a barrier that bugs and insects will
not penetrate.

Place mothballs or moth crystals inside the storage containers. Scatter
mothballs in layers throughout the clothing.

Keep wool clothing cool. Temperatures below 40 degrees Fahrenheit.

Check on stored clothing periodically every four to eight weeks for signs of
insect damage. Replace the mothballs or moth crystals periodically into
storage.


19

Flat storage is the best option for flags. Enameled metal shelves, drawers or
acid-free boxes may be used for storing flags. The flags may be placed in
the boxes or drawers flat, if possible. If folding becomes necessary, acid-
free tissue paper should be used to form soft rolls around which the folds
can be shaped, to prevent creases from forming. Even so, folded flags
should be removed and refolded differently every few months.
Gas Cylinders
0168. Gas cylinders whether charged or empty are not to be stowed adjacent to
inflammable materials.
0169. Hydrogen cylinders are charged to the pressure of 1,800 lbs, per sq. in. Special
care should, therefore, be taken that fully charged cylinders are not exposed to the
direct rays of the sun in tropical climates. The cylinders should be stored as per the
following points:-
Suitable labels with appropriate colors must be placed on the cylinders. The
label and cylinder color are means of identification of the gas contents and
the nature of the hazard associated with the gas contained in the cylinder.

Full or empty compressed gas cylinders should be stored in a well ventilated
area, preferably in the open, with some weather protection. The area on
which cylinders are stored must be well-drained to prevent corrosion of
cylinder bases. The location must be free from the risk of fire and well away
from sources of heat or ignition.

It is recommended to store cylinders vertically. Vertically stored cylinders
must always be secured. When standing or rotating and walking cylinders
about their vertical axis, be aware of the hazards of uneven sloping, slippery
and unstable surfaces as well as loose surfaces. Whenever possible use a
cylinder trolley for transporting cylinders higher than ones waist height.

Do not store any other products in a cylinder store, particularly oil, paint or
corrosive liquids.

Full cylinders must be stored separately from the empty cylinders, and
cylinders of different gases whether full or empty must be segregated from
each other.

It is essential that while handling or storing cylinders containing toxic gases
that the cylinder valve outlet threaded plug or cap is always replaced in the
valve outlet when the cylinder is not in use or connected to a manifold or


20
regulator. The cylinder valve outlet threaded plug or cap acts as a
secondary valve to the valve itself and provides increased safety against
leakage.

All cylinders should be considered and treated as full, regardless of their
content. This means, keep cylinders away from artificial heat sources (e.g.
flames or heaters). Avoid under-ground storage where possible.

Use mechanical aids (ramps, trolleys, forklifts, scissor lifts) in preference to
direct manual handling of cylinders.

Ensure cylinders are positively secured to mechanical lifting/ handling
devices prior to movement.

Gyro Compass Stores
0170. Gyro compass spares should be kept free from dust in a dry store maintained at
a constant temperature as far as practicable. All parts should be retained in their boxes
and protective wrappings until required for use, and similar precautions to those
adopted for the handling and storage of electrical and delicate store, should be taken as
regards these stores generally.
0171. Bearings for gyro-compasses are specially selected, cleaned and oiled and
enclosed in sealed cartons. They should never be unwrapped until actually required to
be placed on a compass. If, on opening, they are found to be discolored, or in any way
defective, they should be returned with a report of the circumstances.

0172. Special care must be taken at all times in handling and packing gyro-compass
instruments (whether serviceable or unserviceable) for transit, reference being made
when necessary to the relevant packaging specification sheets. Special transport boxes
are provided for the casings and rotors, vertical rings, compensator weights, mercury
boxes, lower half-phantoms, spiders complete, suspensions, magnetic contractors,
magnet holders, trolleys, azimuth motors and azimuth motor relays of the Admiralty gyro
compass.
0173. It is essential that no seals are broken and that all components remain in their
boxes until required for fitting, the defective part being returned in the box in which the
replacement was supplied. The following points are to be adhered while storing the gyro
spares:-
Gyro compass are to be stored in flat and upright position.


21
A gyro is a very delicate high precision instrument and should be handled
delicately. The heart of the system is the sensitive element, which is fixed in
a gimbaled system with vibration damping springs. As the element is quite
heavy it is always packed separately. The sensitive element is never to be
mounted in the gyro housing when transported.

If gyro will be stored for an extended period of time, it should be powered up
every six months and allowed to spin for 10-15 minute. This redistributes the
oil or grease throughout the bearings. If left to sit, the oil and grease will
pool at the bottom of the unit and cause friction damage of the upper
bearing upon the next start-up.

Inflammable Stores
0174. All stores having a flash point of 65 Deg Cel or under are classified as
inflammable and require special precautions as regards handling, transport and
stowage. Inflammable stores shall be stowed in the inflammable store or, where no
such store is provided, in the spirit room and no deviation shall be allowed except for
the following:-
Inflammable liquids for which specific approval has been given for bulk
stowage.
Petrol and paraffin when supplied in cans or 5 gallon drums are to be stowed
in open racks, with tray bottoms, on the weather or upper deck, in a position
from which they can readily be thrown overboard in an emergency. They are to
be clear of the smoking places selected for officers and ships company.
Emergency access to the containers should also be provided.
0175. The instructions issued from time to time in respect of stowage of inflammable
stores shall be strictly complied with. All tanks containing inflammables, when kept in
the spirit room of ships should be stowed in a special locker to ensure necessary
precautions being taken against fire. Highly inflammable liquids, i.e., those having a
flash point below 23 Deg Cel should be drawn off, on the upper or main deck only. The
operation should be carried out in the day time when this is possible. If, however, a light
is necessary, a gas-tight safety lamp should always be used.
0176. Care shall be taken when hoisting or lowering the drums in inflammable store, to
avoid sparks due to contact between metals. Every precaution shall be taken to guard
against creating sparks when unpacking cases which are liable to have an inflammable
vapors content.

22
0177. Liquid metal polish shall also be stowed in the inflammable store and in ship
where this is not provided shall be stowed in a small tank (locked) in a store approved
by the Commanding Officer, or in a tank on the weather deck. Phosphorous must never
be stowed between decks.
0178. At establishments where inflammable stores have to be stowed in the open, the
following precautions are to be taken:-
At the approaches, a warning notice is to be prominently displayed, as:-
DANGER inflammable (or Explosive Risk) NO SMOKING OR NAKED LIGHTS.

Where practicable sufficient First aid fire fighting appliances appropriate to
the risk are to be sited at a convenient point in the vicinity.

Special precautions are to be taken with damaged containers and Leakers
until they can decanted. Highly inflammable liquids (i.e., those having a flash
point of less than 23 Deg Cel.) in drums, are not to be stowed in stacks which
are too high.
Insulating Material
0179. Coils and articles in which rubber-covered cable is used should be stowed away
from oil and grease.
Magnetic Compasses and Gear
0180. Magnetic compasses are particularly delicate instruments which require care in
handling and stowage. They shall be stowed away from ferrous metal items. Many
common electrical devices exert a magnetic pull therefore the compass must be stored
away from computers, speakers and radios.

Mahogany Furniture
0181. Mahogany furniture and fittings in ships and establishments should not, in any
circumstances, be pained or enameled.
Meteorological Instruments
0182. Care shall be taken in the handling and stowage of pen arms and pen for open
scale barographs and distant reading thermographs, as they are delicate and easily
damaged. These articles should, therefore, be retained in their packing until required for
use.
23
Optical Instruments
0183. Optical instruments must be carefully cleaned and dried before being put away
and shall not be stowed in damp compartments or in compartments where excessive
temperatures are, likely to be experienced. It is essential that optical instruments shall
be sent in for repair before defects become too acute, otherwise no repair will make
them serviceable again. Commanding Officers should ensure that all optical
instruments are inspected frequently by a responsible officer and defective instruments
are exchanged at the first opportunity. The following points must be taken care of:-

Cleaning is one of the procedures used to keep an optical instrument at its
peak performance. Dust, finger prints, and stains can degrade even the best
optical system, resulting in poor performance. Failing to remove certain types
of contamination in a timely manner can damage the optics or optical
coatings. Cleaning consists of a series of simple, easy steps. To master these
steps, all that is required is frequent practice. The optical instrument must be
carefully cleaned and dried before being put away and shall not be stowed in
damp compartments or in compartments where excessive temperatures are
likely to be experienced. The protection caps must be placed on the sensor
and the cable connectors wherever not in use.

Few optical instruments are completely watertight and periodical overhaul by
staff is generally necessary in order to maintain their performance at high
standard.

Organic Fibrous Material
0184. Organic fibrous material such as used cotton waste, old bunting, cordage
shakings, strands from cordage, collision mats, coir, fenders and canvas, steel wire
wool, when stored in a wet or damp state, is liable to generate heat, and care shall be
taken to avoid danger from this cause. Every opportunity should be taken to return
such materials to the depot. Risk of an outbreak of fire becomes serious when a small
percentage (about 5 percent) of oil or fat is present, or when such fibrous material, in a
thoroughly dry condition, is subjected to moderate warmth, e.g., from a radiator, from a
warm roof, or from heating of the deck above, during building operations. Care must be
taken for following:-
Oil and solvent-soaked rags must be stored and disposed of properly to
prevent combustion fires. It is important to maintain proper fire extinguishing
equipment and smoke detectors in all areas where flammable and
combustible materials are being used and stored.

24
Oil-soaked rags are a spontaneous combustion hazard because as the oil
oxidizes, heat is released. If the heat is not dissipated, it can build up and
ignite the rags. Special oily-waste cans should be used to store oil-soaked
rags. These containers allow air to flow around the rags, thus dissipating the
heat. The waste cans should not have plastic liners and they should be
emptied daily.
Paint Removers
0185. Paint removers are generally highly inflammable and should be handled
carefully. When the vapors of the paint remover come into contact with naked flames or
drawn through the hot ash zone of cigarettes or pipes, toxic gases, e.g., phosphate, are
produced. It shall not be used in confined spaces and no smoking or naked lights shall
be allowed when it is being used. Care must be taken for following:-
Storing and handling paints, varnishes, or thinners require special attention
to flammability characteristics.

Store paint remover in sealed containers under shed in a cool area, away
from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures.

Do not stock paint material near to any ignition sources.

Do not put back half or unused material back in original container,
containing the supplied material, to avoid contamination.

Handle with care. Do not stir the material. Before application soft mixing is
recommended.

Always keep in recommended plastic cans.

Avoid skin and eye contact by wearing overalls, gloves, goggles, and air
mask etc.

Spillage on skin should immediately be removed by thorough washing with
water and soap or suitable cleaner. Eye should be flushed with fresh water.

Avoid inhalation of vapors and paint mist by wearing suitable air mask. In
the event of ingestion and eye contact, seek medical attention immediately.
Painting must be carried out in well ventilated area. This as industrial
product contains corrosive materials and is hazardous. It should be used
with adequate precautions. Smoking in the area should not be permitted.


25
Rubber Goods
0186. The rubber and gutta-percha goods, including steam packing where rubber forms
a part of the packing, shall be stowed in a cool, dark place so far as practicable
complying with the following conditions:-
Temperature 10 Deg Cel - 16 Deg Cel.
Atmosphere fairly humid.
0187. The rubber sheet shall be laid flat where practicable and tubing carefully coiled,
care being taken to avoid kinks. It is important that stocks are issued according to age
and that surpluses are not allowed to accumulate. Tallies shall be attached to rubber
sheet and tubing showing the date of receipt. Inspections shall be made periodically to
ascertain the conditions of stocks.
0188. The rubber washes, small tubing, etc., shall be kept in a dry, cool place, freely
covered with Scottish, talc. Rubber shall be stowed under pressure, and so far as
instruments, witches and other small fittings, having rubber washers, etc., are
concerned, it is important that pressure on the washers should be obviated by
slackening nuts and bearing parts. The surfaces of the rubber parts which have to be
separated while fitting are to liberally coated with Scottish talk or a thin, paste of
graphite and water.
0189. The I.R. eyepieces for gun-sighting telescopes deteriorate if kept in the boxes
with the telescopes. They shall be stowed separately under the general storage
conditions for rubber-articles. Wrist rings shall be kept on cylinders of suitable size
made of card board or stiff paper.
0190. For stowage of rubber items special care is to be taken. If not stowed properly
Rubbers goods change their physical properties during storage and ultimately become
unserviceable, due excessive hardening, softening, cracking, crazing, or other surface
degradation. These changes may come as a result of one particular factor or a
combination of factors, such as the action of oxygen, ozone, light, heat, humidity or oils
and solvents. The deleterious effects of these factors may, however, be minimized by
careful choice of storage conditions. Liberal dusting with French chalk should be carried
out. The following points must be considered while storing the rubber items:-

Temperature. The storage temperature should preferably be maintained
below 25C because at higher temperatures deterioration occurs more
rapidly. Sources of heat in storage rooms should be so arranged that the
temperature of stored articles never exceeds 25C.

26
Storerooms to be kept dark by keeping the doors and windows of the
storehouse closed as much as possible and by painting the glass panes
with some dark colored paint. Dark colored curtains may be hung over
rack/bins and wherever feasible.

Heat insulated buildings are preferable. Storehouse flooring may be
sprinkled with water during summer months to keep the temperature down
to optimum level.

Humidity. The relative humidity in the store room should be maintained
below 75%. Very moist or very dry conditions should be avoided. Where
ventilation is necessary it should be kept to a minimum. Condensation
should never be allowed to take place.

Light. Rubbers should be protected from light, in particular rather strong
sunlight and strong artificial light with a high ultra-violet content. Unless the
articles are packed in opaque containers, it is advisable to cover any
windows of storage rooms with a red or orange coating or screen.

Ventilation. Where possible, rubber should be protected from circulating
air by wrapping, storage in airtight containers or by other suitable means.

Deformation. Rubbers should, wherever possible, be stored in a relaxed
condition free from tension, compression or other deformation. Rubber
sheets shall be laid flat not more than 50 to a stack where practicable and
tubing carefully coiled, care being taken to avoid kinks. Large O-rings and
seals must be suspended on pegs otherwise it will lead to severe
deterioration. If it is impossible to avoid deformation, it should be kept to a
minimum since deformation can lead to cracking and permanent change of
shape. Where articles are packed in a strain-free condition they should be
stored in their original packaging. It is important that stocks are issued
according to age and that surplus stocks are not allowed to accumulate.
Tallies shall be attached to rubber sheet and tubing showing the date of
receipt. Where racking or piling is adopted, the height of the stack should
not exceed 5 feet in respect of mounted tyres and 6 feet in respect of un-
mounted tyres.

Contact with Liquid & Semi-Solid Materials. Rubbers should not be
allowed to come into contact with solvents, oil, greases or any other
semi-solid materials at any time during storage, unless so packed by the
manufacturer. In certain cases rubber components may require to be stored
coated with the fluid in which they are to be used.



27
Contact with Metal. Direct contact with certain metals, for example
manganese, iron and particularly copper and its alloys, for example brass
and compounds of these materials are known to have deleterious effects on
some rubbers. Rubber should not be stored in contact with such metals, or
materials impregnated with their compounds, but should be protected by
wrapping or separation with a layer of suitable material, for example paper,
polythene.

Contact with Non-Metals. Due to possible transfer of plasticizers or other
ingredients, rubbers must not be stored in contact with PVC. Different
rubbers should preferably be separated from each other.

Cleaning. Where necessary, cleaning should be carried out with the aid of
soap and water. Disinfectants or other organic solvents must not be used.
After cleaning, the article should be dried at room temperature and not
placed near a source of heat.

Lip Seals. Lip type seals should always be stored in such a way as to
prevent the sealing edges being damaged.

Methods of Inspection & Test. The rubber and unassembled rubber
details should be given a careful periodical examination for: Permanent
distortion, mechanical damage, flats or other defects, tackiness or
noticeable surface softening or hardening and cracks
0191. Gasket is another item that is used between two surfaces and is used to join the
surfaces together. The gasket fills the gap between the two joining surfaces and is used
to prevent the leakage of fluid out of the machinery and knocking noise from the
equipment. The gasket are made from material such as rubber, cardboard, asbestos,
paper etc and therefore are very delicate and requires proper care in storage. It must be
stored in the store away from humidity, high temperatures and water. The gaskets
should be stored in its original packing inside boxes to prevent them from damages.
Stop Watches
0192. The mechanism of service stop watches is of a delicate nature and proper care
should be exercised in the use of these watches. They shall not be altered for use as
wrist watches. It is sometimes necessary for various fire control purposes; to mark the
dials of stop watches with different colored inks but particular care should be exercised
in making these temporary markings to avoid damage to the hands or mechanism.
Watches issued on permanent loan to Departmental Officers shall be kept, when not in
use, in the locked metal and baize lined drawers provided for this purpose.
28
Straight Edges
0193. Straight edges should not be strained or thrown out by careless handling or
stowage and should be protected by wooden covers or strips secured by wire. The
protective covers of surface plates should be similarly secured.
Synthetic Paints

0194. Synthetic paints have a limited shelf life, therefore extreme care is to be
exercised while preparing the replenishment demands for these paints. It is also
important that the old stock should not be allowed to accumulate. As a safeguard
against possible deterioration, the drums of synthetic paints in stores are to be stored in
inverted position once in three months in order to minimize the risk of hard settlement of
pigment. In addition the following is recommended:-

Do not use gasoline or similar volatile liquids as thinners.

Paint drums should be stored in a building/boatswain store with a fire
protection system, such as a sprinkler, water spray or carbon dioxide
system. Materials that react with water to create a fire hazard cannot be
stored in the same room with paint.

All storage rooms should have adequate ventilation system that can provide
a complete change of air. The controls for the ventilation system must be
located outside of the room.

Regardless of the size of the paint storage room, there should be a clear
aisle through the room at least three feet wide.
Printed Circuit Boards(PCB)
0195. The PCBs are the heart of any electrical/ electronic system and even a single
scratch on them may render them un-serviceable. It is therefore very important that the
same must be handled carefully. The PCBs are required to be stowed in a controlled
temperature where the heat/ humidity is not very high and the same must be stored in
the original packing away. Some of the components mounted on the PCB are also very
sensitive and the exposure to sun light may damage them therefore the same are
delivered in the dark packing. Care is to taken to maintain the pickings intact.
0196. PCB`s are hygroscopic i.e. they are extremely sensitive towards moisture. The
microscopic structure of the multilayer material develops a strong capillary power that
soaks up the humidity of the surrounding air. Even under very dry conditions, it is a
question of time before water accumulates in the stored PCB`s. For example: At storage

29
conditions of 20 C and 35 % of humidity the weight of the epoxy raisin of the Multilayer
PCB`s rises 0.12 % due to the accumulation of moisture. If the capillary effect leads to
an increase of more than 0.17 %, a gas pressure of 8-10 bar can be reached, causing
de-lamination of the board. The danger of de-lamination can rise again due to unsafe
transportation and long storage times. The components in the PCBs are also very
sensitive to temperature, moisture and dust particles and may cause
damage/malfunctioning of PCBs. Following are recommended to avoid the described
problems:-

PCBs should be stored in temperature controlled room (20-25
0
C). A rapid
fall in temperature of more than 7
0
C, causes condensation on the stored
PCBs. Constant low humidity is necessary. Humidity should never exceed
65%. The airtight sealed package with silica gel packets must be kept intact
although the polyethylene packages capability of keeping humidity away is
not really reliable. Do not expose to direct sunlight, corrosive gas or liquid
environment.

The storage time of PCBs should be as short as possible. PCBs should be
taken out as per the first-in, first out rule. The polyethylene packages
should be taken away just before the use. Remaining PCBs should be
repacked again. To avoid exposure to draught, the packages should be
stored in boxes.

Wear gloves while handling to avoid defect due to static electricity.

Valves
0197. The valves are used in the control systems and they are very sensitive to the dust
particles. It is recommended that the valves must be stored in a completely dust free
environment with proper (preferably original) covering.
Compressor and Pumps
0198. The representatives of manufacturers (OEM) should visit store depot to inspect
the compressors and pumps (which are of critical nature and are required to be stored
for longer period) at regular interval within the warrantee/guarantee period. The same
has to be incorporated in the terms and conditions of supply order/contract.
Preservatives required may be applied under supervision of reps of PAC/OEM. The
pumps are susceptible to dust and care must be taken to ensure that the area where
the pumps are stored are free from dust and regular maintenance and cleaning of that
area is being undertaken.
30
Electric Motors
0199. Electric motors with greased bearing need not be lubricated. If received with
grease fitting, it should be removed and plugged or capped.
Hoses
0200. For stowage of hoses, the following steps are recommended:-
Rubber hose products in storage can be affected adversely by temperature,
humidity, ozone, sunlight, oils, solvents, corrosive liquids and fumes,
insects, rodents and radioactive materials and therefore the same must be
stored in an air conditioned space with controlled temperature and humidity.

The appropriate method for storing hose depends to a great extent on its
size (diameter and length), the quantity to be stored, and the way in which it
is packaged. Hose should not be piled or stacked to such an extent that the
weight of the stack creates distortions on the lengths stored at the bottom.
Since hose products vary considerably in size, weight, and length, it is not
practical to establish definite recommendations on this point. Hose having a
very light material of wall will not support as much load as could a hose
having a heavier material of wall or hose having a wire reinforcement. Hose
which is shipped in coils or bales should be stored so that the coils are in a
horizontal plane.
Whenever feasible, rubber hose products should be stored in their original
shipping containers, especially when such containers are wooden crates or
cardboard cartons which provide some protection against the deteriorating
effects of oils, solvents, and corrosive liquids; shipping containers also
afford some protection against ozone and sunlight.

Certain rodents and insects will damage rubber hose products, and
adequate protection from them should be provided.
Cotton jacketed hose should be protected against fungal growths if the hose
is to be stored for prolonged periods in humidity conditions.
The ideal temperature for the storage of rubber products ranges from 50 to
70 F (10C to 21C) with a maximum limit of 100F (38C). As far as
possible, provisions to be made to store such hoses in controlled
temperature.
Exposure to direct or reflected sunlight, even through windows, should be
avoided. Uncovered hose should not be stored under fluorescent or mercury
lamps which generate light waves harmful to rubber.
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Items should be stored on a first-in, first-out basis, since even under the
best of conditions, an unusually long shelf life could deteriorate certain
hoses.

Storing Materials in Open Yard

0201. Storing materials in open area requires attention to combustible materials,
access, power lines and fire protection.

Combustible Materials. Stack combustible materials securely. Stacks or
piles must be no more than 12 feet high. Store combustible material at least
10 feet away from a building or structure.

Access. Driveways between and around combustible storage piles must be
at least 15 feet wide. Keep them free from accumulations of material or
rubbish. Use a map grid system of 50 by 150 feet when planning driveways
in open-yard combustible material storage areas (subject to availability of
sufficient space)

Power lines. Do not store materials under power lines or where materials
may block entrance or emergency equipment/ electrical fittings such as
switch boards, sockets, junction boxes and MSBs.

Fire Protection. Provide portable fire extinguishing equipment at accessible
marked locations in the Depots so that the nearest extinguisher is no more
than 50 feet.
Preservation in Store Depots
0202. The basic methods of preservation in store depots are as follows:-
Temperature Control. Certain items viz. rubberized items require
controlled temperature and thus air conditioned space for storage.

Humidity Control. Silica gel or dehumidifiers are required to be used for
protection of items from moisture and humidity.

Dust Control. The items should be stored in a dust free environment

Greasing and Oiling. There is a large number of metallic items which
requires greasing or oiling to prevent them. After greasing/oiling, these
items should be put into preservation packing.

Preservation Coating. Items like steel plates, chain cables, propellers,
anchors and propeller shafts requires preservation coatings to be applied
periodically.
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Use of Chalk. Items made of rubber which do not require to be stored in air
conditioned spaces are generally kept soft and prevented from cracking by
application of chalk.

Running the Equipment. Various types of engines, prime movers, motors
and generators require periodic running to prevent seizure. The technical
assistance in accordance with preservation schedules of such equipment
may be sought from the CSO(Tech) of concerned Regional Headquarters.
Preservation Management
0203. In order to carry out effective preservation management, the following are
necessary:-
Information about every item in the store house that needs special
preservation.

Preservation routine in respect of each such item.

The information regarding such preservation routines should be held readily
available in the offices of CGSDs.

The Officer-in-Charge of Store Depot is responsible for preparation of
comprehensive annual preservation plan and to ensure that the same is
carried out as per the schedule program. The record of such maintenance is
also required to be stored at the Store Depots.

Steps for preserving each and every type of item must be compiled and
promulgated by the Officer-in-Charge of Store Depots. Such instructions
should be direct and clear so that no ambiguity exists about the action and
scheduling.

The Oi/C store Depots should also make available the wherewithal required
to execute preservation and also ensure that the Planned Preservation
Program (PPP) is carried out on schedule.

On the basis of PPP, a plan must be prepared in each store house to cover
all the items that requires preservation. The annual plan, monthly schedules
must be prepared in the beginning of the year and weekly schedules at the
beginning of the month.

In the cases of preservation where the technical knowledge is required, the
assistance of CSO (Tech) of respective Regions may be sought and where
the resources are not available with store depots, external assistance (local
trade) may also be sought.
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The administrative action is to be taken in cases where loss occurs due to
failure in preservation.
Conclusion

0204. The guidelines mentioned above are not exhaustive and application of same
will facilitate the proper preservation and handling of stores at the Stores Depots
thereby preventing degradation and thus ensuring the availability of stores without any
variations in the property and shape of the items. It is imperative to mention that the
specific guidelines as mentioned in the data sheets provided by the OEMs should also
be implemented simultaneously in order to achieve better preservation and storing of
the items.



































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