Quytrinh Asshto

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TF Website
1. gii thiu chung................................................................................30

1.1. Phm vi........................................................................................................... 30
1.2. Cc nh ngha............................................................................................ 30
1.3. Trit l thit k ........................................................................................... 32
1.3.1. Tng qut................................................................................................... 32
1.3.2. Cc trng thi gii hn. ...............................................................................32
1.3.2.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................32
1.3.2.2. Trng thi gii hn s dng..................................................................33
1.3.2.3. Trng thi gii hn cng .................................................................33
1.3.2.4. Trng thi gii hn c bit...............................................................33
1.3.3. Tnh do...................................................................................................... 33
1.3.4. Tnh d......................................................................................................... 33
1.3.5. Tm quan trng trong khai thc..................................................................34
2. thit k TNG th v c im v tr.....................................35

2.1. Phm vi........................................................................................................... 35
2.2. Cc nh ngha............................................................................................ 35
2.3. Cc c trng v tr...................................................................................... 37
2.3.1. v tr tuyn................................................................................................ 37
2.3.1.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................37
2.3.1.2. Cc im vt sng v bi sng..........................................................37
2.3.2. b tr v tr cu......................................................................................... 38
2.3.2.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................38
2.3.2.2. An ton giao thng............................................................................38
2.3.2.2.1. Bo v kt cu .........................................................................38
2.3.2.2.2. Bo v ngi s dng .................................................................38
2.3.2.2.3. Tiu chun hnh hc..................................................................39
2.3.2.2.4. Mt ng..................................................................................39
2.3.2.2.5. Va tu.........................................................................................39
2.3.3. Kh gii hn................................................................................................. 39
2.3.3.1. Thng thuyn...................................................................................39
AASHTO cu ng b
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2.3.3.2. Chiu thng ng ca ng b.....................................................40
2.3.3.3. Chiu ngang ca ng b...............................................................40
2.3.3.4. Cu vt ng st..............................................................................40
2.3.4. Mi trng.................................................................................................... 41
2.4. Kho st mng .............................................................................................. 41
2.4.1. Tng qut................................................................................................... 41
2.4.2. Nghin cu a hnh................................................................................. 41
2.5. Mc ch thit k ...................................................................................... 42
2.5.1. An ton........................................................................................................ 42
2.5.2. Tnh s dng c....................................................................................... 42
2.5.2.1. Tnh bn..........................................................................................42
2.5.2.1.1. Vt liu......................................................................................42
2.5.2.1.2. Cc bin php t bo v............................................................42
2.5.2.2. Tnh kim tra c............................................................................42
2.5.2.3. Tnh duy tu c................................................................................43
2.5.2.4. Tnh i li c...................................................................................43
2.5.2.5. Tin ch khc ..................................................................................43
2.5.2.6. Bin dng..........................................................................................43
2.5.2.6.1. Tng qut...................................................................................43
2.5.2.6.2. Tiu chun v vng .............................................................43
2.5.2.6.3. Tiu chun la chn t l chiu di chiu cao nhp............44
2.5.2.7. Xt n vic m rng trong tng lai...............................................45
2.5.2.7.1. Dm bin trong cu nhiu dm................................................45
2.5.2.7.2. Kt cu phn di........................................................................45
2.5.3. Tnh thi cng c....................................................................................... 45
2.5.4. Kinh t........................................................................................................ 46
2.5.4.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................46
2.5.4.2. Phng n so snh...............................................................................46
2.5.5. M quan cu............................................................................................... 46
2.6. Thu vn v thu lc..................................................................................... 47
2.6.1. Tng qut................................................................................................... 47
2.6.2. S liu hin trng...................................................................................... 47
2.6.3. Phn tch thu vn................................................................................... 47
2.6.4. Phn tch thu lc.................................................................................... 48
AASHTO cu ng b

2.6.4.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................48
2.6.4.2. n nh ca dng chy..................................................................48
2.6.4.3. Khu cu....................................................................................49
2.6.4.4. Mng cu..........................................................................................49
2.6.4.4.1. Tng qut...................................................................................49
2.6.4.4.2. Si l cu ..................................................................................49
2.6.4.5. ng u cu..................................................................................50
2.6.5. V tr, chiu di v khu cng............................................................50
2.6.6. Thot nc ng........................................................................................... 50
2.6.6.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................50
2.6.6.2. L thit k .......................................................................................51
2.6.6.3. Loi hnh kch thc v s lng
ng thot nc...................................................................................................51
2.6.6.4. X nc t ng thot nc mt cu.......................................................51
2.6.6.5. Thot nc kt cu .............................................................................51
3. Ti trng v h s ti trng ...........................................................52

3.1. Phm vi........................................................................................................... 52
3.2. Cc nh ngha............................................................................................ 53
3.3. K hiu.......................................................................................................... 55
3.3.1. Tng qut................................................................................................... 55
3.3.2. Ti trng v tn ti trng............................................................................ 58
3.4. Cc h s v t hp ti trng.........................................................................59
3.4.1. H s ti trng v t hp ti trng............................................................59
Loi ti trng...............................................................................................61
H s ti trng .........................................................................................61
Ln nht ....................................................................................................61
3.4.2. H s ti trng dng cho ti trng thi cng...............................................62
3.4.3. H s ti trng dng cho lc kch v lc ko sau.....................................62
3.4.3.1. Lc kch...........................................................................................62
3.4.3.2. Lc i vi vng neo ko sau............................................................62
3.5. Ti trng thng xuyn.................................................................................... 62
3.5.1. Tnh ti DC, DW,EV................................................................................... 62
3.5.2. Ti trng t EH, ES, DD........................................................................... 62
3.6. Hot ti .......................................................................................................... 63
AASHTO cu ng b

3.6.1. Ti trng trng lc LL v PL.......................................................................63
3.6.1.1. Hot ti xe..........................................................................................63
3.6.1.1.1. S ln xe thit k......................................................................63
3.6.1.1.2. H s ln...................................................................................63
3.6.1.1.3. H s ln m.............................................................................63
3.6.1.2. Hot ti xe t thit k.....................................................................63
3.6.1.2.1. Tng qut...................................................................................63
3.6.1.2.2. Xe ti thit k ...........................................................................64
3.6.1.2.3. Xe hai trc thit k....................................................................64
3.6.1.2.4. Ti trng ln thit k.................................................................64
3.6.1.2.5. Din tch tip xc ca lp xe...................................................64
3.6.1.2.6. Phn b ti trng bnh xe qua t p...................................65
3.6.1.3. Tc dng ca hot ti xe thit k......................................................65
3.6.1.3.1. 3.6.1.3.1 Tng qut....................................................................65
3.6.1.3.2. Cht ti nh gi vng ca hot ti tu ........................66
3.6.1.3.3. Ti trng thit k dng cho mt cu, h mt cu v bn nh
ca cng hp..............................................................................................66
3.6.1.3.4. Ti trng bn mt tha...............................................................67
3.6.1.4. Ti trng mi.....................................................................................67
3.6.1.4.1. ln v hnh th......................................................................67
3.6.1.4.2. Tn s........................................................................................67
3.6.1.4.3. Phn b ti trng khi tnh mi..................................................67
3.6.1.4.3a Cc phng php chnh xc.....................................................67
3.6.1.4.3b Cc phng php gn ng.....................................................68
3.6.1.5. Ti trng b hnh..............................................................................68
3.6.2. Lc xung kch : IM...................................................................................... 68
3.6.2.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................68
3.6.2.2. Cu kin vi......................................................................................69
3.6.3. Lc ly tm.................................................................................................. 69
3.6.4. Lc hm BR.................................................................................................. 69
3.6.5. Lc va ca xe CT.......................................................................................... 69
3.6.5.1. Bo v kt cu................................................................................69
3.6.5.2. Xe c v tu ho va vo kt cu.....................................................70
3.6.5.3. Xe c va vo ro chn.....................................................................70
3.7. Ti trng nc : WA.......................................................................................... 70
AASHTO cu ng b

3.7.1. p lc tnh. ............................................................................................... 70
3.7.2. Lc y...................................................................................................... 70
3.7.3. p lc dng chy......................................................................................... 70
3.7.3.1. Theo chiu dc.................................................................................70
3.7.3.2. Theo chiu ngang............................................................................71
3.7.4. Ti trng sng............................................................................................. 71
3.7.5. S bin i trong mng do tc dng ca trng thi gii hn si................71
3.8. Ti trng gi................................................................................................... 72
3.8.1. Ti trng gi ngang..................................................................................... 72
3.8.1.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................72
3.8.1.1.1. I...................................................................................................72
3.8.1.2. Ti trng gi tc ng ln cng trnh WS.........................................73
3.8.1.2.1. Ti trng gi ngang....................................................................73
3.8.1.2.2. Ti trng gi dc.........................................................................74
3.8.1.3. Ti trng gi tc dng ln xe c : WL.................................................74
3.8.2. Ti trng gi thng ng.......................................................................... 74
3.8.3. Mt n nh n hi kh ng..............................................................75
3.8.3.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................75
3.8.3.2. Hin tng n hi kh ng............................................................75
3.8.3.3. kim tra p ng ng.....................................................................75
3.8.3.4. Th nghim tunen gi......................................................................75
3.9. Khng dng.................................................................................................... 75
3.10. Hiu ng ng t : EQ............................................................................75
3.10.1. Tng qut................................................................................................. 75
3.10.2. H s gia tc............................................................................................. 76
3.10.3. Cc mc quan trng............................................................................. 76
3.10.4. Vng ng t......................................................................................... 76
3.10.5. Tc ng thc a.................................................................................. 76
3.10.5.1. Tng qut........................................................................................76
3.10.5.2. Loi t I.........................................................................................77
3.10.5.3. t loi II..........................................................................................77
3.10.5.4. t loi III.........................................................................................77
3.10.5.5. t loi IV.........................................................................................77
3.10.6. H s p ng ng t n hi.........................................................77
AASHTO cu ng b

3.10.6.1. Tng qut........................................................................................77
3.10.6.2. Cc ngoi l.....................................................................................77
3.10.7. H s iu chnh p ng...................................................................78
3.10.7.1. Tng qut........................................................................................78
3.10.7.2. Tc dng..........................................................................................78
3.10.8. T hp cc hiu ng lc ng t..........................................................79
3.10.9. Tnh ton lc thit k............................................................................. 79
3.10.9.1. Tng qut........................................................................................79
3.10.9.2. vng ng t 1..............................................................................79
3.10.9.3. Vng ng t 2.............................................................................80
3.10.9.4. Vng ng t 3.............................................................................80
3.10.9.4.1. Tng qut.................................................................................80
3.10.9.4.2. Lc thit k iu chnh........................................................80
3.10.9.4.3. Lc khp do..............................................................................80
3.10.9.5. B phn cn dc.............................................................................80
3.10.9.6. Thit b neo gi.............................................................................81
3.10.10. Cc yu cu i vi cu tm v xy dng phn k...............................81
3.11. p lc t : EH, ES, LS, DD.........................................................................81
3.11.1. Tng qut................................................................................................. 81
3.11.2. cht...................................................................................................... 82
3.11.3. S hin din ca nc................................................................................ 82
3.11.4. Hiu ng ng t................................................................................. 82
3.11.5. p lc t : EH......................................................................................... 82
3.11.5.1. p lc t c bn............................................................................82
3.11.5.2. H s p lc tnh ( trng hp ngh) : K0.....................................83
3.11.5.3. H s p lc ch ng : ka.............................................................83
3.11.5.4. H s p lc b ng : kp . ...........................................................85
3.11.5.5. Phng php cht lng tng ng tnh p lc t..........................85
3.11.5.6. p lc t biu kin ca tng neo.................................................86
3.11.5.7. p lc t ca tng t n nh c hc (MSE)...........................87
3.11.6. Ti trng cht thm ES v LS....................................................................88
3.11.6.1. Tng qut........................................................................................88
3.11.6.2. Hot ti cht thm LS......................................................................92
3.11.6.3. Chit gim ti trng .......................................................................92
AASHTO cu ng b

3.11.7. Chit gim p lc t ............................................................................. 92
3.11.8. Lc keo xung .......................................................................................... 92
3.12. hiu ng lc do bin dng cng bc : TU, TG, SH, CR, SE...........................93
3.12.1. Tng qut ................................................................................................. 93
3.12.2. Nhit phn b u..........................................................................93
3.12.2.1. Bin nhit cu.....................................................................93
3.12.2.2. nhit lp t...........................................................................93
3.12.2.3. Bin nhit khng kh..........................................................93
3.12.3. Gradien nhit........................................................................................... 93
3.12.3.1.1. Thng s..................................................................................94
3.12.4. co ngt khc nhau..................................................................................... 95
3.12.5. T bin...................................................................................................... 95
3.12.6. ln......................................................................................................... 95
3.13. lc ma st : FR.............................................................................................. 95
3.14. va ca tu thuyn : CV................................................................................. 95
3.14.1. Tng qut................................................................................................. 95
3.14.2. Tu thit k............................................................................................. 96
3.14.3. vn tc va thit k................................................................................... 96
3.14.4. Nng lng va tu....................................................................................... 97
3.14.5. Lc va tu vo tr..................................................................................... 97
3.14.6. chiu di h hng ca mi tu...................................................................97
3.14.7. Lc va ca tu ln kt cu phn trn.......................................................98
3.14.7.1. Va vi mi tu..................................................................................98
3.14.7.2. Va vi cabin tu...............................................................................98
3.14.7.3. Va vi ct tu...................................................................................98
3.14.8. Lc va ca s lan vo tr........................................................................... 98
3.14.9. Chiu di h hng ca mi s lan..............................................................99
3.14.10. H hng trng thi gii hn c bit....................................................99
3.14.11. Tc dng ca lc va................................................................................. 99
3.14.11.1. thit k kt cu phn di............................................................99
3.14.11.2. thit k kt cu phn trn...........................................................101
3.14.12. Bo v kt cu phn di........................................................................101
4. phn tch v nh gi kt cu ....................................................101

AASHTO cu ng b

4.1. Phm vi........................................................................................................... 101
4.2. Cc nh ngha............................................................................................ 101
4.3. khiu............................................................................................................ 105
4.4. Cc phng php phn tch kt cu c chp nhn....................................109
4.5. M hnh ton hc.......................................................................................... 109
4.5.1. Tng qut................................................................................................... 109
4.5.2. S lm vic ca vt liu kt cu ..............................................................109
4.5.2.1. n hi v khng n hi.................................................................109
4.5.2.2. S lm vic n hi.........................................................................110
4.5.2.3. S lm vic khng n hi..............................................................110
4.5.3. Hnh hc..................................................................................................... 110
4.5.3.1. L thuyt bin dng nh...................................................................110
4.5.3.2. L thuyt bin dng ln.....................................................................110
4.5.3.2.1. Tng qut...................................................................................110
4.5.3.2.2. Cc phng php tnh xp x.....................................................111
4.5.3.2.2a Tng qut..............................................................................111
4.5.3.2.2b S phng i mmen- Ct kiu dm....................................111
4.5.3.2.2c S phng i cc mmen- Cc loi vm.................................112
4.5.3.2.3. Cc phng php chnh xc.........................................................112
4.5.4. Cc iu kin bin ca m hnh..............................................................112
4.5.5. Cu kin tng ng..................................................................................113
4.6. Phn tch tnh hc...................................................................................... 113
4.6.1. nh hng hnh hc phng.........................................................................113
4.6.1.1. T s mt ct phng......................................................................113
4.6.1.2. Cc kt cu cong trong mt bng...................................................113
4.6.1.2.1. Tng qut...................................................................................113
4.6.1.2.2. kt cu phn trn cng chu xon loi dm n gin..............114
4.6.1.2.3. kt cu phn trn kiu nhiu dm.........................................114
4.6.2. Cc phng php phn tch gn ng. ....................................................114
4.6.2.1. Mt cu...........................................................................................114
4.6.2.1.1. Tng qut...................................................................................114
4.6.2.1.2. Kh nng p dng........................................................................114
4.6.2.1.3. B rng ca cc di tng ng bn trong..................................114
4.6.2.1.4. B rng di tng ng ti cc mp ca bn..............................115
4.6.2.1.4a Tng qut..............................................................................115
AASHTO cu ng b

4.6.2.1.4b Cc mp dc..........................................................................115
4.6.2.1.4c Cc mp ngang......................................................................115
4.6.2.1.5. Phn b ti trng bnh xe..........................................................116
4.6.2.1.6. 4.6.2.1.6 tnh ton cc hiu ng lc..........................................116
4.6.2.1.7. Hiu ng ca kt cu khung trong mt ct ngang ...............116
4.6.2.1.8. S phn b hot ti trn h mng dm c lp y 1phn hoc
phn...........................................................................................................117
4.6.2.1.9. Php phn tch khng n hi................................................117
4.6.2.2. cc loi cu dm bn.....................................................................117
4.6.2.2.1. Phm vi p dng .........................................................................117
4.6.2.2.2. phng php h s phn b dng cho mmen v lc ct..........121
4.6.2.2.2a Cc dm gia vi mt cu btng.........................................121
4.6.2.2.2b Cc dm gia vi cc dm thp ln sng...............................123
4.6.2.2.2c Cc dm bin.........................................................................124
4.6.2.2.2d Cu cho..............................................................................125
4.6.2.2.2e Mmen un v lc ct trong dm ngang h mt cu.......125
4.6.2.2.3. Phng php h s phn b cho lc ct....................................126
4.6.2.2.3a Cc dm gia.........................................................................126
4.6.2.2.3b Cc dm bin..........................................................................126
4.6.2.2.3c Cc cu cho.........................................................................127
4.6.2.3. B rng di tng ng i vi cc loi cu bn................................128
4.6.2.4. Cu dn v vm...............................................................................129
4.6.2.5. H s chiu di c hiu K...............................................................129
4.6.2.6. B rng cnh dm hu hiu............................................................129
4.6.2.6.1. Tng qut...................................................................................129
4.6.2.6.2. Cc dm hp v dm btng phn on v cc dm mt hp c ti
ch..............................................................................................................130
4.6.2.6.3. Kt cu nhp nhiu ngn c ti ch . ...................................133
4.6.2.6.4. Mt vcu thp trc hng ..........................................................133
4.6.2.7. Phn b ti trng gi ngang trong cu nhiu dm ........................134
4.6.2.7.1. Mt ct ch I ...........................................................................134
4.6.2.7.2. Mt ct hnh hp ....................................................................135
4.6.2.7.3. Thi cng .....................................................................................135
4.6.2.8. S phn phi ti trng ngang do ng t ....................................135
4.6.2.8.1. Phm vi p dng .........................................................................135
4.6.2.8.2. Cc tiu chun thit k..............................................................135
4.6.2.8.3. S phn b ti trng..................................................................136
AASHTO cu ng b

4.6.2.9. Phn tch cc cu btng nhiu t...............................................136
4.6.2.9.1. Tng qut...................................................................................136
4.6.2.9.2. Cc m hnh chng v ging.....................................................136
4.6.2.9.3. Chiu rng hu hiu ca bn cnh dng cho vic tnh ton ng
sut khi chu ti khai thc c th c xc nh theo iu khon ca iu
4.6.2.6.2......................................................................................................137
4.6.2.9.4. Phn tch theo phng ngang....................................................137
4.6.2.9.5. Phn tch theo phng dc........................................................137
4.6.2.9.5a Tng qut..............................................................................137
4.6.2.9.5b Phn tch kt cu khi lp dng..........................................137
4.6.2.9.5c Phn tch h thng kt cu trng thi hon thnh......138
4.6.3. Phng php phn tch chnh xc.............................................................138
4.6.3.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................138
4.6.3.2. Mt cu...........................................................................................138
4.6.3.2.1. Tng qut...................................................................................138
4.6.3.2.2. M hnh bn ng hng...........................................................138
4.6.3.2.3. M hnh bn trc hng...............................................................138
4.6.3.3. Cu dm bn...................................................................................139
4.6.3.4. Cc cu hnh hp v cu nhiu ngn..............................................139
4.6.3.5. Cu dn............................................................................................139
4.6.3.6. Cu vm...........................................................................................139
4.6.3.7. Cu dy vng...................................................................................140
4.6.3.8. Cu treo dy vng...........................................................................140
4.6.4. S phn b li mmen m trong cu dm lin tc ..................................141
4.6.4.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................141
4.6.4.2. Phng php chnh xc .....................................................................141
4.6.4.3. phng php gn ng .....................................................................141
4.6.5. n nh................................................................................................ 141
4.6.6. Phn tnh v gradien nhit ...............................................................141
4.7. Phn tch ng lc hc............................................................................... 141
4.7.1. Nhng yu cu c bn v ng lc hc kt cu......................................141
4.7.1.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................141
4.7.1.2. S phn b khi lng.........................................................................142
4.7.1.3. cng ............................................................................................142
4.7.1.4. Cc tn s t nhin (Tn s dao ng ring)...................................142
AASHTO cu ng b

4.7.2. ng s ng hc n hi .......................................................................... 142
4.7.2.1. Dao ng do xe c...........................................................................142
4.7.2.2. Dao ng do gi ..............................................................................142
4.7.2.2.1. Cc vn tc gi...........................................................................142
4.7.2.2.2. Cc hiu ng ng hc.............................................................143
4.7.2.2.3. Nghin cu thit k...................................................................143
4.7.3. ng s ng hc khng n hi...............................................................143
4.7.3.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................143
4.7.3.2. Cc khp do v cc ng chy do....................................................143
4.7.4. Phn tch v ti trng ng t............................................................143
4.7.4.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................143
4.7.4.2. Cc cu mt nhp ............................................................................144
4.7.4.3. cc cu nhiu nhp .........................................................................144
4.7.4.3.1. La chn phng php ................................................................144
4.7.4.3.2. Phng php phn tch dnh n ..............................................144
4.7.4.3.2a Tng qut .............................................................................144
4.7.4.3.2b Phng php ph bin dnh n (Sigle-mode )....................144
4.7.4.3.2c Phng php ti trng ri u ................................................145
4.7.4.3.3. Phng php phn tch ph dng phc.....................................145
4.7.4.3.4. Phng php lch s thi gian.....................................................145
4.7.4.4. Cc yu cu chuyn v ti thiu......................................................145
4.7.5. Phn tch ti trng va tu :......................................................................146
4.8. Phn tch theo m hnh vt l....................................................................146
4.8.1. Th nghim trn m hnh c t l thu nh kt cu.................................146
4.8.2. Th cu........................................................................................................ 147
5. kt cu btng ................................................................................147
5.1. Phm vi........................................................................................................... 147
5.2. Cc nh ngha............................................................................................ 147
5.3. K hiu ......................................................................................................... 151
5.4. Cc tnh cht ca vt liu ...........................................................................160
5.4.1. Tng qut ................................................................................................... 160
5.4.2. B tng kt cu c t trng bnh thNG v thp ...................................160
5.4.2.1. Cng chu nn .........................................................................160
5.4.2.2. H s gin n nhit........................................................................161
AASHTO cu ng b

5.4.2.3. Co ngt v t bin ..........................................................................161
5.4.2.3.1. Tng qut..................................................................................161
5.4.2.3.2. T bin......................................................................................162
5.4.2.4. M un n hi ..............................................................................192
5.4.2.5. H s POISSON............................................................................192
5.4.2.6. Cng chu ko un ..................................................................192
5.4.2.7. Cng chu ko...........................................................................193
5.4.3. Ct thp ..................................................................................................... 193
5.4.3.1. Tng qut .........................................................................................193
5.4.3.2. M un n hi ...............................................................................193
5.4.3.3. Cc ng dng c bit....................................................................193
5.4.4. Thp ng sut trc ....................................................................................193
5.4.4.1. Tng qut.........................................................................................193
5.4.4.2. M un n hi ...............................................................................194
5.4.5. Neo ng sut trc sau v ni cp ...............................................................194
5.4.6. ng bc ...................................................................................................... 194
5.4.6.1. Tng qut ........................................................................................194
5.4.6.2. Kch thc ca ng bc .....................................................................195
5.4.6.3. ng bc ti v tr neo chuyn hng .................................................195
5.5. Cc trng thi gii hn .................................................................................... 195
5.5.1. Tng qut ................................................................................................... 195
5.5.2. Ti trng gii hn s dng ........................................................................... 195
5.5.3. Trng thi gii hn mi ................................................................................ 195
5.5.3.1. Tng qut ........................................................................................195
5.5.3.2. Thanh ct thp ................................................................................196
5.5.3.3. B cp ng sut trc ........................................................................196
5.5.3.4. Cc mi ni hn hoc c kh ca ct thp ....................................196
5.5.4. Trng thi gii hn cng .........................................................................197
5.5.4.1. Tng qut .........................................................................................197
5.5.4.2. H s sc khng ..............................................................................197
5.5.4.2.1. Thi cng theo phng php thng thng ....................................197
5.5.4.2.2. Xy dng theo phn on .......................................................198
5.5.4.2.3. Cc yu cu c bit cho vng ng t 3 ...........................200
5.6. Cc nghin cu thit k ................................................................................ 200
AASHTO cu ng b

5.6.1. Tng qut ................................................................................................... 200
5.6.2. Hiu ng ca bin dng cng bc ............................................................200
5.6.3. M hnh chng-v-ging ..........................................................................200
5.6.3.1. Tng qut .........................................................................................200
5.6.3.2. M hnh ho kt cu .......................................................................201
5.6.3.3. nh kch thc ca thanh chng chu nn ...................................201
5.6.3.3.1. Cng ca thanh chu nn khng ct thp ........................201
5.6.3.3.2. Din tch mt ct ngang c hiu ca thanh chu nn .......201
5.6.3.3.3. ng sut nn gii hn trong thanh chng ng sut chu nn gii hn
fcu phi ly nh sau:....................................................................................202
5.6.3.3.4. 5 Thanh chng c ct thp .......................................................202
5.6.3.4. nh kch thc thanh ging chu ko ...........................................203
5.6.3.4.1. Cng ca thanh ging .......................................................203
5.6.3.4.2. Neo thanh ging ........................................................................203
5.6.3.5. nh kch thc vng nt ..................................................................203
5.6.3.6. Ct thp khng ch nt .................................................................203
5.7. Thit k kt cu chu un v chu lc dc trc .......................................204
5.7.1. Cc gi thuyt cho trng thi gii hn s dng v mi................................204
5.7.2. Cc gi thuyt cho trng thi gii hn cng v trng thi gii hn c bit
............................................................................................................................... 204
5.7.2.1. Tng qut .........................................................................................204
5.7.2.2. Phn b ng sut theo hnh ch nht ..........................................205
5.7.3. Cu kin chu un .................................................................................... 205
5.7.3.1. ng sut trong thp ng sut trc mc sc khng danh nh ....205
5.7.3.1.1. Cc cu kin c thp ng sut trc dnh bm ........................205
5.7.3.1.2. Cc cu kin c thp ng sut trc khng dnh bm .............206
5.7.3.2. Sc khng un ..................................................................................208
5.7.3.2.1. Sc khng tnh ton...................................................................208
5.7.3.2.3. Mt ct hnh T.........................................................................208
5.7.3.2.4. Mt ct hnh ch nht ...........................................................209
5.7.3.2.5. Cc dng mt ct khc ............................................................209
5.7.3.3. Cc gii hn ct thp ........................................................................209
5.7.3.3.1. Lng thp ti a........................................................................209
5.7.3.3.2. Lng ct thp ti thiu .............................................................210
AASHTO cu ng b

5.7.3.4. Khng ch nt bng phn b ct thp .........................................210
5.7.3.5. S phn b li m men ...................................................................212
5.7.3.6. Cc bin dng ..................................................................................212
5.7.3.6.1. Tng qut .................................................................................212
5.7.3.6.2. vng v vng .................................................................212
5.7.3.6.3. Bin dng dc trc ....................................................................213
5.7.4. Cc cu kin chu nn .............................................................................. 213
5.7.4.1. Tng qut .........................................................................................213
5.7.4.2. Gii hn ct thp ...............................................................................214
5.7.4.3. nh ga gn ng v hiu ng mnh ....................................215
5.7.4.4. Cng chu lc dc trc tnh ton ..............................................216
5.7.4.5. Un hai chiu ..................................................................................217
5.7.4.6. Thp ai xon v thp ai.............................................................218
5.7.4.7. Cc cu kin chu nn c tit din hnh ch nht rng .............218
5.7.4.7.1. T s mnh ca vch ..........................................................218
5.7.4.7.2. Cc mt hn ch ca vic dng phng php khi ng sut ch
nht ...........................................................................................................219
5.7.4.7.2a Tng qut .............................................................................219
5.7.4.7.2b Phng php chnh xc hiu chnh gii hn ng bin ti a c php s dng .....................................................................................219
5.7.4.7.2c Phng php gn ng hiu chnh sc khng tnh ton ....219
5.7.4.8. B ..............................................................................................220
5.7.5. Cc cu kin chu ko .............................................................................220
5.7.5.1. Sc khng ko tnh ton .................................................................220
5.7.5.2. Sc khng khi ko un kt hp ........................................................221
5.8. Ct v xon ................................................................................................. 221
5.8.1. Phng php thit k .................................................................................221
5.8.1.1. Cc vng chu un ...........................................................................221
5.8.1.2. Cc vng gn v tr thay i kch thc t ngt............................221
5.8.1.3. Cc vng tip gip .............................................................................221
5.8.1.4. Cc loi bn v mng .................................................................221
5.8.2. Cc yu cu chung ..................................................................................... 221
5.8.2.1. Tng qut .........................................................................................221
5.8.2.2. Hiu chnh i vi b tng nh ......................................................222
5.8.2.3. Chiu di truyn lc v pht trin lc .............................................223
AASHTO cu ng b

5.8.2.4. Vng i hi ct thp ngang ............................................................223
5.8.2.5. Ct thp ngang ti thiu .................................................................223
5.8.2.6. Cc loi ct thp ngang ....................................................................223
5.8.2.7. C ly ti a ca ct thp ngang ......................................................224
5.8.2.8. Cc yu cu thit k v cu to ......................................................224
5.8.3. M hnh thit k theo mt ct ..............................................................224
5.8.3.1. Tng qut .........................................................................................224
5.8.3.2. Cc mt ct cnh gi ......................................................................225
5.8.3.3. Sc khng ct danh nh ...............................................................225
5.8.3.4. Xc nh v ................................................................................226
5.8.3.4.1. Phng php n gin i vi nhng mt ct khng ng sut trc .
....................................................................................................................226
5.8.3.4.2. Phng php chung .....................................................................226
5.8.3.5. Ct thp dc.....................................................................................230
5.8.3.6. Cc mt ct chu ct v xon v kt hp ...................................230
5.8.3.6.1. Ct thp ngang .........................................................................230
5.8.3.6.2. Sc khng xon ........................................................................230
5.8.3.6.3. Ct thp dc .............................................................................231
5.8.4. Truyn lc mt ct tip xc - ma st ct ...............................................231
5.8.4.1. Tng qut .........................................................................................231
5.8.4.2. Dnh kt v ma st ..........................................................................232
5.8.5. Sc khng ct trc tip ca mi ni kh ..................................................233
5.9. ng sut trc v ng sut trc mt phn .......................................................233
5.9.1. Xem xt thit k chung ............................................................................ 233
5.9.1.1. Tng qut .........................................................................................233
5.9.1.3. Cng b tng qui nh ..............................................................234
5.9.1.4. on ..............................................................................................234
5.9.1.5. Cc c trng mt ct ....................................................................234
5.9.1.6. Kim tra vt nt ..............................................................................234
5.9.1.7. Cc b thp vi cc im gy hoc cong ........................................234
5.9.2. ng sut do bin dng cng bc .................................................................235
5.9.3. Cc gii hn ng sut cho cc b thp ng sut trc ...................................235
5.9.4. Cc gii hn ng sut i vi b tng ........................................................237
AASHTO cu ng b

5.9.4.1. i vi cc ng sut tm thi trc cc mt mt - cc cu kin ng sut trc
hon ton ......................................................................................................237
5.9.4.1.1. ng sut nn ...........................................................................237
5.9.4.1.2. ng sut ko .............................................................................237
5.9.4.2. i vi cc ng sut trng thi gii hn s dng sau cc mt mt cc cu
kin ng sut trc hon ton ........................................................................238
5.9.4.2.1. ng sut nn ............................................................................238
5.9.4.2.2. ng sut ko ............................................................................239
5.9.4.3. Cc cu kin ng sut trc mt phn ..............................................240
5.9.5. Mt mt ng sut trc ................................................................................. 240
5.9.5.1. Tng mt mt ng sut trc ............................................................240
5.9.5.2. Cc mt mt tc thi .........................................................................241
5.9.5.2.1. Thit b neo..............................................................................241
5.9.5.2.2. Ma st .........................................................................................241
5.9.5.2.2a Thi cng bng phng php ko trc ......................................241
5.9.5.2.2b Thi cng bng phng php ko sau.....................................241
5.9.5.2.3. Co ngn n hi .....................................................................242
5.9.5.2.3a Cc cu kin ko trc ...........................................................242
5.9.5.2.3.b Cc cu kin ko sau .........................................................243
5.9.5.3. c tnh ton b mt mt theo thi gian ............................................243
5.9.5.4. c tnh chnh xc cc mt mt theo thi gian...................................244
5.9.5.4.1. Tng qut .................................................................................244
5.9.5.4.2. Co ngt .....................................................................................245
5.9.5.4.3. T bin .....................................................................................245
5.9.5.4.4. Do .............................................................................................245
5.9.5.4.4a Tng qut .............................................................................245
5.9.5.4.4b Ti lc truyn lc ...................................................................245
5.9.5.4.4c Sau khi truyn ......................................................................246
5.9.5.5. Cc mt mt tnh vng .......................................................246
5.10. Cc chi tit t ct thp .......................................................................... 246
5.10.1. Lp b tng bo v ................................................................................... 246
5.10.2. Cc mc un cong...................................................................................... 247
5.10.2.1. Mc tiu chun ...............................................................................247
5.10.2.3. Cc mc chng ng t ..............................................................247
5.10.2.4. ng knh un cong ti thiu .......................................................247
5.10.3. C ly ct thp .......................................................................................... 248
5.10.3.1. C ly ct thp ti thiu ca cc thanh ct thp ...........................248
AASHTO cu ng b

5.10.3.1.1. B tng c ti ch ..................................................................248
5.10.3.1.2. B tng c sn .....................................................................248
5.10.3.1.3. Nhiu lp .................................................................................248
5.10.3.1.4. Cc mi ni ..............................................................................248
5.10.3.1.5. B thanh..................................................................................248
5.10.3.2. C ly ti a ca cc thanh ct thp ..............................................249
5.10.3.3. C ly ti thiu ca cc b thp v ng bc ng sut trc ...........249
5.10.3.3.1. Tao thp ko trc.....................................................................249
5.10.3.3.2. Cc ng bc ko sau khng cong trong mt phng ngang ..250
5.10.3.3.3. Cc ng bc ko sau cong .....................................................251
5.10.3.3.4. C ly ti a ca cc b thp v ng bc ng sut trc trong cc bn
....................................................................................................................251
5.10.3.3.5. Cc u ni ca b thp ko sau ..........................................251
5.10.3.4. Kim ch b thp .........................................................................251
5.10.3.4.1. Tng qut ................................................................................251
5.10.3.4.2. Tc ng lc trong cc bn .....................................................251
5.10.3.4.3. Tc ng ca cc b cong .......................................................252
5.10.4. Kim ch b thp ................................................................................... 252
5.10.4.1. Tng qut .......................................................................................252
5.10.4.2. Tc ng lc trong cc bn ...........................................................252
5.10.4.3. Tc ng ca cc b cong ..............................................................252
5.10.4.3.1. Cc hiu ng lc trong mt phng .......................................253
5.10.4.3.2. Cc hiu ng lc ngoi mt phng .....................................254
5.10.5. Cc b b thp t ngoi ................................................................254
5.10.6. Ct thp cho b phn chu nn .............................................................254
5.10.6.1. Tng qut .......................................................................................254
5.10.6.2. Ct xon ........................................................................................254
5.10.6.3. Ct ging ........................................................................................255
5.10.7. Ct thp ngang cho cc b phn chu un..............................................255
5.10.8. Ct thp co ngt v nhit ................................................................255
5.10.8.1. Tng qut .......................................................................................255
5.10.8.2. Cc c kin mng hn 1200mm..................................................256
5.10.8.3. B tng khi ln ...............................................................................256
5.10.9. Cc vng neo ko sau ...............................................................................257
AASHTO cu ng b

5.10.9.1. Tng qut .......................................................................................257
5.10.9.2. Vng chung v vng cc b ............................................................257
5.10.9.2.1. Tng qut ................................................................................257
5.10.9.2.2. Vng chung ..............................................................................257
5.10.9.2.3. Vng cc b .............................................................................257
5.10.9.2.4. Trch nhim ............................................................................257
5.10.9.3. Thit k vng chung ......................................................................258
5.10.9.3.1. Cc phng php thit k ........................................................258
5.10.9.3.2. Nguyn l thit k ..................................................................259
5.10.9.3.3. Cc thit b neo c bit .....................................................260
5.10.9.3.4. 5.10.9.3.4 Cc b phn neo trung gian ...................................260
5.10.9.3.4a Tng qut ...........................................................................260
5.10.9.3.4b Ging neo pha sau ...........................................................260
5.10.9.3.4c Ct thp ca vu neo hoc sn gia c ............................261
5.10.9.3.5. Cc vch ngn ...........................................................................261
5.10.9.3.6. Nhiu neo bn ........................................................................261
5.10.9.3.7. Cc yn i hng .....................................................................262
5.10.9.4. p dng m hnh chng v ging thit k vng chung..........262
5.10.9.4.1. Tng qut ................................................................................262
5.10.9.4.2. Cc nt .....................................................................................262
5.10.9.4.3. Cc thanh chng .....................................................................262
5.10.9.4.4. Cc ging ................................................................................263
5.10.9.5. Phn tch ng sut n hi ........................................................263
5.10.9.6. Cc phn tch ng sut v thit k gn ng ..........................263
5.10.9.6.1. Cc gii hn p dng ................................................................263
5.10.9.6.2. Cc ng sut nn ...................................................................263
5.10.9.6.3. Cc lc n ra ............................................................................264
5.10.9.7. k vng cc b................................................................................265
5.10.9.7.1. Cc kch thc vng cc b........................................................265
5.10.9.7.2. Sc khng p ta.....................................................................266
5.10.9.7.3. Cc thit b neo c bit....................................................267
5.10.10. Cc vng neo ko trc..............................................................................268
5.10.10.1. Sc khng n tnh ton.................................................................268
5.10.10.2. ct thp b gi..............................................................................268
5.10.11. Cc quy nh cho thit k ng t..................................................268
AASHTO cu ng b

5.10.11.1. tng qut.......................................................................................268
5.10.11.2. vng ng t 1 ..........................................................................268
5.10.11.3. vng ng t 2............................................................................269
5.10.11.4. vng ng t 3 v 4....................................................................269
5.10.11.4.1. Cc yu cu i vi ct...........................................................269
5.10.11.4.1a Ct thp dc...................................................................269
5.10.11.4.1b Sc khng un................................................................269
5.10.11.4.1c Lc ct ca ct v ct thp ngang.................................269
5.10.11.4.1d Ct thp ngang b cc khp do........................................270
5.10.11.4.1e C ly ct thp ngang b............................................271
5.10.11.4.1f Mi ni...............................................................................271
5.10.11.4.2. Yu cu i vi tr-dng -tng ...............................................272
5.10.11.4.3. Lin kt ct.............................................................................272
5.10.11.4.4. Cc mi ni thi cng tr v ct............................................273
5.10.12. Ct thp cc cu kin chu nn c tit din ch nht rng .............273
5.10.12.1. tng qut.......................................................................................273
5.10.12.2. khong cch ct thp ...................................................................273
5.10.12.3. ging.............................................................................................273
5.10.12.4. cc mi ni.....................................................................................274
5.10.12.5. ct ai vng..................................................................................274
5.11. trin khai v mi ni ct thp ..................................................................274
5.11.1. Tng qut................................................................................................. 274
5.11.1.1. yu cu c bn................................................................................274
5.11.1.2. trin khai ct thp chu un..........................................................274
5.11.1.2.1. Tng qut ................................................................................274
5.11.1.2.2. Ct thp chu m men dng...................................................275
5.11.1.2.3. Ct thp chu mmen m......................................................275
5.11.1.2.4. Mi ni chu m men..............................................................275
5.11.2. Trin khai ct thp .................................................................................. 275
5.11.2.1. cc thanh c g v si thp c g chu ko..................................275
5.11.2.1.1. Chiu di trin khai ct thp ko...........................................275
5.11.2.1.2. H s iu chnh lm tng c..............................................276
5.11.2.2. thanh c g chu nn....................................................................277
5.11.2.2.1. Chiu di trin khai ct thp nn...........................................277
5.11.2.2.2. H s iu chnh .................................................................278
5.11.2.3. b thanh..........................................................................................278
AASHTO cu ng b

5.11.2.4. mc tiu chun chu ko...............................................................278
5.11.2.4.1. Chiu di trin khai thanh c bn...........................................278
5.11.2.4.2. H s iu chnh..................................................................278
5.11.2.4.3. Yu cu ging i vi thanh c mc .......................................279
5.11.2.5. Tm li si thp hn........................................................................280
5.11.2.5.1. Li si thp c g.......................................................................280
5.11.2.5.2. Tm li si thp trn.................................................................280
5.11.2.6. ct thp chng ct.........................................................................281
5.11.2.6.1. Tng qut.................................................................................281
5.11.2.6.2. Ni ct thp c g....................................................................281
5.11.2.6.3. Neo ct thp tm li si thp....................................................281
5.11.2.6.4. Cc ct ai kn........................................................................281
5.11.3. Trin khai neo c kh .............................................................................. 282
5.11.4. Trin khai tao cp ng sut trc ...............................................................282
5.11.4.1. Tng qut .......................................................................................282
5.11.4.2. tao thp c dnh kt......................................................................282
5.11.4.3. cc tao thp mt dnh kt tng phn...........................................282
5.11.5. Mi thanh ct thp ..................................................................................283
5.11.5.1. chi tit ho.......................................................................................283
5.11.5.2. yu cu tng qut..........................................................................283
5.11.5.2.1. Mi ni chng...........................................................................283
5.11.5.2.2. Lin kt c kh.........................................................................283
5.11.5.2.3. Mi ni hn...............................................................................284
5.11.5.3. mi ni ct thp chu ko.............................................................284
5.11.5.3.1. Mi ni chng chu ko..........................................................284
5.11.5.3.2. Lin kt c kh hoc mi ni hn chu ko.........................284
5.11.5.4. Mi ni trong cu kin ging chu ko.........................................285
5.11.5.5. Mi ni thanh chu nn.................................................................285
5.11.5.5.1. Mi ni chng chu nn..........................................................285
5.11.5.5.2. Lin kt c kh hoc mi ni hn chu nn ........................285
5.11.5.5.3. Mi ni p ta u..................................................................285
5.11.5.6. Mi ni tm li si thp hn.............................................................286
5.11.5.6.1. mi ni tm li si thp c g hn chu ko............................286
5.11.5.6.2. Mi ni tm li si thp trn hn chu ko..............................286
AASHTO cu ng b

5.12. bn.......................................................................................................... 286
5.12.1. Tng qut................................................................................................. 286
5.12.2. Ct liu phn ng kim silic....................................................................287
5.12.3. Lp ph b tng ........................................................................................ 287
5.12.4. Lp bc bo v.......................................................................................... 288
5.12.5. Bo v cc b tao cp ng sut trc..........................................................288
5.13. Cc cu kin ring bit...............................................................................288
5.13.1. Bn mt cu............................................................................................ 288
5.13.2. Vch ngn, dm cao, dm hng ngn, dm cha v g dm khc.........289
5.13.2.1. Tng qut........................................................................................289
5.13.2.2. Vch ngn.........................................................................................289
5.13.2.3. Cc yu cu chi tit i vi dm cao..............................................289
5.13.2.4. dm hng ngn v dm cha......................................................290
5.13.2.4.1. Tng qut.................................................................................290
5.13.2.4.2. La chn m hnh chng-v-ging.........................................291
5.13.2.5. G dm khc..................................................................................291
5.13.2.5.1. Tng qut.................................................................................291
5.13.2.5.2. Thit k chu lc ct.............................................................292
5.13.2.5.3. Thit k chu un v lc nm ngang.....................................293
5.13.2.5.4. Thit k chng lc ct xuyn.................................................293
5.13.2.5.5. Thit k ct thp treo.............................................................294
5.13.2.5.6. Thit k gi ........................................................................296
5.13.3. mng ................................................................................................... 296
5.13.3.1. Tng qut .......................................................................................296
5.13.3.2. Ti trng v phn lc .....................................................................296
5.13.3.3. H s sc khng ............................................................................297
5.13.3.4. M men trong mng ................................................................297
5.13.3.5. Phn b ct thp chu m men ..................................................297
5.13.3.6. Lc ct trong bn v mng .....................................................297
5.13.3.6.1. Cc mt ct nguy him i vi lc ct .................................297
5.13.3.6.2. Tc ng mt chiu ................................................................298
5.13.3.6.3. Tc ng hai chiu .................................................................298
5.13.3.7. Trin khai ct thp .......................................................................299
5.13.3.8. Truyn lc ti y ct .....................................................................299
AASHTO cu ng b

5.13.4. Cc b tng ............................................................................................... 300
5.13.4.1. 5Tng qut .....................................................................................300
5.13.4.2. Cc mi ni .....................................................................................300
5.13.4.3. Cc b tng c sn .....................................................................300
5.13.4.3.1. Kch thc cc ..........................................................................300
5.13.4.3.2. Ct thp .................................................................................301
5.13.4.4. Cc b tng ng sut c sn ....................................................301
5.13.4.4.1. Kch thc cc ..........................................................................301
5.13.4.4.2. Cht lng b tng .....................................................................301
5.13.4.4.3. Ct thp .................................................................................301
5.13.4.5. Cc c ti ch ...............................................................................302
5.13.4.5.1. Cc kch thc cc ....................................................................302
5.13.4.5.2. Ct thp .................................................................................302
5.13.4.6. Cc yu cu v ng t .............................................................302
5.13.4.6.1. Vng 1.......................................................................................302
5.13.4.6.2. Vng 2.......................................................................................302
5.13.4.6.2 a Tng qut ..........................................................................302
5.134.6.2b Cc c ti ch ....................................................................303
5.13.4.6.2c Cc ct thp c sn .......................................................303
5.13.4.6.2d Cc cc ng sut trc c sn .........................................303
5.13.4.6.3 Cc vng 3 v 4 ......................................................................303
5.14. Qui nh i vi cc loi kt cu ..............................................................304
5.14.1. Dm v dm t hp .................................................................................. 304
5.14.1.1. Tng qut .......................................................................................304
5.14.1.2. Dm c sn ................................................................................304
5.14.1.2.1. Cc cu kin trc khi s dng .................................................304
5.14.1.2.2. Cc kch thc qu c .................................................................304
5.14.1.2.3. Cc thit b cu nhc ...........................................................305
5.14.1.2.4. Thit k chi tit ......................................................................305
5.14.1.2.5. Cng b tng .....................................................................305
5.14.1.2.6. Cc mi ni thi cng hng ngang..............................................305
5.14.1.2.6a Tng qut ...........................................................................305
5.14.1.2.6b Cc mi ni thi cng c hiu hon ton .............................305
5.14.1.2.7. Cc cu gm cc dm t hp c sn nhp gin n c ni lin
tc ..............................................................................................................306
5.14.1.2.7a Tng qut ..........................................................................306
5.14.1.2.7b Ct thp .............................................................................306
AASHTO cu ng b

5.14.1.2.7c Mc lin tc ti cc trng thi gii hn khc nhau ............306
5.14.1.2.8. Cc mi ni thi cng theo hng dc .........................................306
5.14.1.3. Cc dm t hp v dm T c tai ch ..........................................307
5.14.1.3.1. Chiu di cnh v sn............................................................307
5.14.1.3.1a Cnh nh ..........................................................................307
5.14.1.3.1b Cnh y ............................................................................307
5.14.1.3.1c Sn dm .............................................................................307
5.14.1.3.2. Ct thp .................................................................................307
5.14.13.2a Ct thp bn mt cu ca dm T v dm hp c ti ch . .307
5.14.1.3.2b Ct thp bn y trong dm hp c ti ch.....................308
5.14.2. Thi cng phn on ...............................................................................308
5.14.2.1. Tng qut .......................................................................................308
5.14.2.2. Phn tch cc cu phn on .....................................................308
5.14.2.2.1. Tng qut ................................................................................308
Phn tch thi cng ................................................................................308
5.14.2.2.2. Phn tch h kt cu cui cng ............................................308
5.14.2.3. Thit k .........................................................................................309
5.14.2.3.1. Cc ti trng .............................................................................309
5.14.2.3.2. Cc ti trng thi cng ...............................................................309
5.14.2.3.3. Cc t hp ti trng thi cng trng thi gii hn s dng .......310
5.14.2.3.4. Cc t hp ti trng thi cng cc trng thi gii hn cng .314
5.14.2.3.5. Cc tc mg nhit trong khi thi cng ....................................314
5.14.2.3.6. T bin v co ngt ..................................................................314
5.14.2.3.7. Mt mt ng sut trc .............................................................314
5.14.2.3.8. ng bc v neo ko sau d phng .........................................314
5.14.2.3.8a Tng qut ...........................................................................314
5.14.2.3.8b Cc cu c cc ng bc t bn trong ..............................314
5.14.2.3.8c. D tr cho tnh ti tng lai hoc vng ........................315
5.14.2.3.9. Cch trnh by cc bn v cng sau ........................................315
5.14.2.3.9.a Tng qut ..........................................................................315
5.14.2.3.9b Lp ti liu hp ng theo cch A......................................315
5.14.2.3.9c Lp ti liu hp ng theo cch B......................................315
5.14.2.3.9d Cc bn v thi cng ..............................................................316
5.14.2.3.10. Kch thc v chi tit mt ct ngang dm hp ...................316
5.14.2.3.10a B dy ti thiu ca cnh dm ........................................316
5.14.2.3.10b . Chiu dy ti thiu ca bng dm ................................316
5.14.2.3.10c Chiu di phn hng ca cnh trn dm ........................317
5.14.2.3.10d Cc kch thc chung ca mt ct ngang ........................317
5.14.2.3.11. Thit k v ng t .........................................................317
AASHTO cu ng b

5.14.2.4. Cc loi cu phn on ..................................................................317
5.14.2.4.1. Tng qut ................................................................................317
5.14.2.4.2. Cc cu to v chi tit thi cng c sn ...............................317
5.14.2.4.3. Cc cu to v chi tit v thi cng ..........................................318
5.14.2.4.4. Thi cng hng .........................................................................318
5.14.2.4.5. Thi cng theo phng php tng nhp mt ..............................319
5.14.2.4.6. Thi cng theo phng php c y ........................................319
5.14.2.4.6a Tng qut ...........................................................................319
5.14.2.4.6b Cc tc ng lc do cc sai s thi cng ...............................319
5.14.2.4.6c Cc chi tit thit k ............................................................320
5.14.2.4.6d Thit k thit b thi cng ..................................................320
5.14.2.4.7. Cu dm phn on c sn .............................................321
5.14.2.4.4.7a Tng qut ........................................................................321
5.14.2.4.7b Ct thp phn on ..........................................................321
5.14.2.4.7c Cc mi ni ..........................................................................321
5.14.2.4.7d Ko sau ..............................................................................321
5.14.2.5. Dng cc phng php thi cng khc .................................................321
5.14.2.6. Kt cu phn di ca cu phn on...........................................322
5.14.2.6.1. Tng qut ...............................................................................322
5.14.2.6.2. T hp ti trng thi cng ........................................................322
5.14.2.6.3. Ct thp dc ca cc tr phn on c sn mt ct hnh ch
nht rng ...................................................................................................322
5.14.3. Vm .......................................................................................................... 323
5.14.3.1. Tng qut .......................................................................................323
5.14.3.2. Sn vm ........................................................................................323
5.14.4. Kt cu bn ............................................................................................. 323
5.14.4.1. Kt cu bn c c ti ch .......................................................323
5.14.4.2. Kt cu bn rng c ti ch ........................................................324
5.14.4.2.1. Cc kch thc mt ct ngang.................................................324
5.14.4.2.2. S lng gi t nht ..................................................................325
5.14.4.3. Cu c bn mt cu c sn ...................................................325
5.14.4.3.1. Tng qut ................................................................................325
5.14.4.3.2. Cc b phn truyn lc ct ....................................................326
5.14.4.3.3. Cc mi ni truyn lc ct un ...............................................326
5.14.4.3.3a Tng qut ...........................................................................326
5.14.4.3.3b Thit k ..............................................................................326
5.14.4.3.3c S ko sau .........................................................................326
5.14.4.3.3d Cc mi ni thi cng theo phng dc .................................326
AASHTO cu ng b

5.14.4.3.3e Mi ni hp long c ti ch ................................................326
5.14.4.3.3f Lp ph mt trn kt cu ...................................................326
5.14.5. Cc qui nh ph thm vi cng ..............................................................326
5.14.5.1. Tng qut .......................................................................................326
5.14.5.2. Thit k theo un ..........................................................................327
5.14.5.3. Thit k lc ct trong cc bn ca cng hp................................327
6. Phn 6 kt cu thp.....................................................................329
6.1. phm vi........................................................................................................... 329
6.2. 6.2 Cc nh ngha..................................................................................... 329
6.3. k hiu........................................................................................................... 334
6.4. vt liu .......................................................................................................... 343
6.4.1. cc loi thp kt cu................................................................................... 343
6.4.2. Cht, con ln v con lc............................................................................344
6.4.3. Bu lng ai c v vng m ...................................................................344
6.4.3.1. bu lng .............................................................................................344
6.4.3.2. ai c ...............................................................................................345
6.4.3.3. vng m ........................................................................................345
6.4.3.4. Cc linh kin lin kt tu chn ..................................................346
6.4.3.5. thit b ch bo ti trng ................................................................346
6.4.4. inh neo chu ct ...................................................................................... 346
6.4.5. Kim loi hn................................................................................................. 346
6.4.6. Kim loi c................................................................................................ 346
6.4.6.1. Thp c v gang do......................................................................346
6.4.6.2. Cc sn phm c rn c................................................................347
6.4.6.3. gang..................................................................................................347
6.4.7. Thp khng g........................................................................................... 347
6.4.8. Dy thp.................................................................................................... 347
6.4.8.1. 6.4.8.1 dy thp trn........................................................................347
6.4.8.2. dy thp trng km............................................................................347
6.4.8.3. Dy thp bc poxy..........................................................................347
6.4.8.4. Dy cp cu......................................................................................348
6.5. cc trng thi gii hn ..................................................................................... 348
6.5.1. 6.5.1 Tng qut.......................................................................................... 348
6.5.2. Trng thi gii hn s dng........................................................................... 348
AASHTO cu ng b

6.5.3. trng thi gii hn mi v t gy ...............................................................348
6.5.4. trng thi gii hn cng .......................................................................... 348
6.5.4.1. tng qut ..........................................................................................348
6.5.4.2. h s sc khng................................................................................348
6.5.5. trng thi gii hn c bit........................................................................349
6.6. Cc xem xt v mi v t gy.....................................................................350
6.6.1. mi.......................................................................................................... 350
6.6.1.1. tng qut ..........................................................................................350
6.6.1.2. Mi do ti trng gy ra .....................................................................350
6.6.1.2.1. ng dng ...................................................................................350
6.6.1.2.2. Cc tiu chun thit k..............................................................350
6.6.1.2.3. Cc loi chi tit............................................................................350
6.6.1.2.4. Cc chi tit s dng hn ch......................................................357
6.6.1.2.5. Sc khng mi............................................................................358
6.6.1.3. Mi do cong vnh gy ra...................................................................359
6.6.1.3.1. Cc bn lin kt ngang...............................................................360
6.6.1.3.2. 6.6.1.3.2 Bn lin kt ngang ....................................................360
6.6.1.3.3. Mt cu trc hng.....................................................................360
6.6.2. t gy.......................................................................................................... 360
6.7. Cc yu cu v kch thc chung v chi tit ..................................................361
6.7.1. Chiu di hu ch ca nhp......................................................................361
6.7.2. vng tnh ti ......................................................................................... 361
6.7.3. Chiu dy nh nht ca thp.....................................................................362
6.7.4. Vch ngn v khung ngang......................................................................... 362
6.7.4.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................362
6.7.4.2. Dm c mt ct I thng.................................................................362
6.7.4.3. Dm c mt ct hp thng ..........................................................363
6.7.4.4. gin v vm .....................................................................................363
6.7.5. H lin kt tng cng ngang (H ging lin kt ngang )........................363
6.7.5.1. tng qut...........................................................................................363
6.7.5.2. Dm c mt ct I thng.................................................................364
6.7.5.3. Gin...................................................................................................364
6.7.6. cht.............................................................................................................. 364
6.7.6.1. v tr................................................................................................364
AASHTO cu ng b

6.7.6.2. sc khng..........................................................................................365
6.7.6.2.1. un v ct kt hp.....................................................................365
6.7.6.2.2. p mt .....................................................................................365
6.7.6.3. Kch thc ti thiu ca cht i vi cc thanh c tai treo.................365
6.7.6.4. cht v ai c ca cht ...................................................................366
6.8. cu kin chu ko......................................................................................... 366
6.8.1. 6.8.1 tng qut .......................................................................................... 366
6.8.2. 6.8.2 Sc khng ko.................................................................................... 366
6.8.2.1. Tng qut .........................................................................................366
6.8.2.2. H s trit gim, U...........................................................................367
6.8.2.3. ko v un kt hp...........................................................................368
6.8.3. Din tch thc ........................................................................................... 368
6.8.4. T s mnh gii hn ..............................................................................368
6.8.5. cc b phn lp rp................................................................................... 369
6.8.5.1. tng qut ..........................................................................................369
6.8.5.2. cc bn khoan l ...............................................................................369
6.8.6. cc thanh c tai treo................................................................................... 369
6.8.6.1. Sc khng tnh ton .........................................................................369
6.8.6.2. Cc t l............................................................................................369
6.8.6.3. m chn ..........................................................................................370
6.8.7. Cc bn lin kt cht .................................................................................370
6.8.7.1. Tng qut .........................................................................................370
6.8.7.2. Bn cht ...........................................................................................370
6.8.7.3. Cc t l ...........................................................................................370
6.8.7.4. m chn...........................................................................................371
6.9. 6.9 Cu kin chu nn ...............................................................................371
6.9.1. tng qut ................................................................................................... 371
6.9.2. Sc khng nn ............................................................................................ 371
6.9.2.1. Nn dc trc ....................................................................................371
6.9.2.2. nn dc trc v un kt hp ...........................................................371
6.9.3. T s mnh gii hn ..............................................................................372
6.9.4. cc cu kin khng lin hp........................................................................373
6.9.4.1. Sc khng nn danh nh ..............................................................373
6.9.4.2. cc t s chiu rng /chiu dy gii hn i vi nn dc trc .........373
AASHTO cu ng b

6.9.4.3. cc b phn lp rp.........................................................................375
6.9.4.3.1. tng qut ..................................................................................375
6.9.4.3.2. Cc bn khoan l .......................................................................375
6.9.5. Cc cu kin lin hp .................................................................................. 375
6.9.5.1. Sc khng nn danh nh .............................................................375
6.9.5.2. Cc gii hn ........................................................................................377
6.9.5.2.1. tng qut ..................................................................................377
6.9.5.2.2. Cc ng nhi y b tng..........................................................377
6.9.5.2.3. Cc thp hnh hc b tng ........................................................377
6.10. Cac mt ct ch I chu un ........................................................................ 378
6.10.1. tng qut ................................................................................................. 378
6.10.2. Cc gii hn trong vic xc nh kch thc mt ct..............................378
6.10.2.1. cc t l cu to chung ..................................................................378
6.10.2.2. mnh ca bng .........................................................................378
6.10.3. p dng ..................................................................................................... 379
6.10.3.1. Cc mt ct lin hp.......................................................................379
6.10.3.1.1. Cc ng sut ...........................................................................379
6.10.3.1.1a Trnh t cht ti trng.........................................................379
6.10.3.1.1b Un dng.............................................................................379
6.10.3.1.1c Un m................................................................................380
6.10.3.1.1d Chiu rng hu ch ca bn .............................................380
6.10.3.1.2. Mmen chy do.......................................................................380
6.10.3.1.3. Mmen do...............................................................................380
6.10.3.1.4. Chiu cao ca bng chu nn...............................................380
6.10.3.1.4a Ti mmen n hi..............................................................380
6.10.3.1.4b Ti mmen do......................................................................380
6.10.3.2. yu cu v cu to i vi cc mt ct lin hp.............................381
6.10.3.2.1. Tng qut ................................................................................381
6.10.3.2.2. Sc khng un danh nh.......................................................381
6.10.3.2.3. Sc khng ct danh nh ......................................................381
6.10.3.3. cc mt ct khng lin hp.............................................................382
6.10.3.3.1. Mmen chy do v mmen do...............................................382
6.10.3.3.2. Chiu cao ca bn bng chu nn ti mmen do.................382
6.10.3.4. cng...........................................................................................382
6.10.3.5. 6.10.3.5 Cc tc dng ca gi ln cc cnh dm..............................383
6.10.3.5.1. Cc mt ct c ..................................................................383
AASHTO cu ng b

6.10.3.5.2. Cc mt ct khng c .......................................................383
6.10.3.6. mt ct thu hp...........................................................................384
6.10.3.7. ct thp ti thiu cc bn chu un m.....................................384
6.10.4. sc khng un theo trng thi gii hn cng ........................................384
6.10.4.1. phn loi sc khng un..................................................................385
6.10.4.1.1. cng chy do nh nht quy nh ...................................385
6.10.4.1.2. mnh ca bn bng c mt ct c..............................385
6.10.4.1.3. mnh ca bn cnh chu nn c mt ct c..............385
6.10.4.1.4. mnh ca cch chu nn c mt ct khng c..........386
6.10.4.1.5. iu kin s dng cng thc Q theo cch tu chn ...............386
6.10.4.1.6. Tc dng qua li gia mnh ca bng c mt ct c v cnh
chu nn....................................................................................................387
6.10.4.1.6a Tng qut............................................................................387
6.10.4.1.6b Phng trnh tc ng qua li .............................................387
6.10.4.1.7. Ging cnh chu nn c mt ct c ................................387
6.10.4.1.8. mnh ca bng v cnh chu nn dng cng thc Q theo cch
tu chn .....................................................................................................388
6.10.4.1.9. Ging cnh chu nn c mt ct khng c .....................388
6.10.4.2. Xc nh sc khng un.................................................................389
6.10.4.2.1. sc khng un ca cc mt ct thng thng .........................389
6.10.4.2.2. sc khng un dng ca mt ct lin hp c......................389
6.10.4.2.2a Tng qut............................................................................389
6.10.4.2.2b Cc yu cu v tnh do.....................................................390
6.10.4.2.3. Tnh sc khng un da trn cng thc Q theo cch tu chn ....390
6.10.4.2.4. sc khng un ca cnh c mt ct khng c ..................391
6.10.4.2.5. sc khng un ca cnh ca mt ct lin hp do chu on khi xon
ngang..........................................................................................................391
6.10.4.2.5a Cc cnh chu nn.............................................................391
6.10.4.2.5b Cc cnh chu ko..............................................................392
6.10.4.2.6. sc khng un ca mt ct khng lin hp da trn b on do xon
ngang..........................................................................................................392
6.10.42.6a Cc cnh chu nn .............................................................392
6.10.4.2.6b Cc cnh chu ko..............................................................393
6.10.4.3. Cc h s gim ng sut cnh........................................................393
6.10.4.3.1. H s lai Rh.............................................................................393
6.10.4.3.1a Tng qut...........................................................................393
6.10.4.3.1b un dng.............................................................................393
6.10.4.3.1c un m................................................................................394
6.10.4.3.2. H s xt n on cc b Rh................................................394
AASHTO cu ng b

6.10.4.3.2a cc cch chu nn..............................................................394
1.
gii thiu chung
1.1.
Phm vi.
Cc quy nh ca b tiu chun ny nhm dng cho thit k, nh gi v khi phc cc

cu ng b, c hai loi c nh v di ng. Tuy nhin n khng bao hm cc kha
cnh an ton ca cu di ng cho cc loi xe c gii v xe in, xe c bit v ngi i
b. Cc quy nh khng bao hm cu dnh ring cho ng st, ng st ni (rail
transit) hoc cng trnh cng cng. Vi cc cu khng bao hm y y cc quy
nh v tiu chun ny c th c p dng nu c thm nhng tiu chun thit k b
sung khi cn.
B tiu chun ny ch a ra nhng yu cu ti thiu cn cho an ton cng cng. Ch
u t c th i hi s linh hot ca thit k hoc ca vt liu v thi cng phi cao
hn yu cu ti thiu.
Cc quy nh ca b tiu chun ny dng phng php lun thit k theo h s ti trng
v h s sc khng (LRFD). Cc h s c ly t l thuyt tin cy da trn khin
thc thng k hin nay v ti trng v tnh nng ca kt cu. c bit lu nhng
quan im an ton thng qua tnh do tnh d v bo v chng si l , va chm.
B tiu chun ny c bin son s dng Vit Nam , da theo tiu chun thit k
cu theo h s ti trng v h s sc khng ca AASHTO , sut bn ln th 2 nm
1998, bn in dng h n v quc t SI . Phn gii thch ca tiu chun thit k cu
theo h s ti trng v h s sc khng ca AASHTO sut bn ln th hai , bn in dng
h n v quc t SI bao gm nhng thng tin c bn v b sung , cc khuyn ngh
v tI liu tham kho khc , v c th gip ch cho vic s dng b tiu chun ny
B tiu chun ny a vo s dng ng ngha thng nht trong ton b ni dung nh
sau:
T phi c ngha l yu cu theo ng tiu chun
T cnc ngha l phi rt nn u tin dng mt tiu chun cho.
T c th c ngha l mt tiu chun c th c p dng nhng cng c php

p dng mt tiu chun khc ca a phng c ti liu ph hp , qua kim
nghim v ph chun ph hp vi phng php thit k cu theo h s ti trng v
h s sc khng.
B tiu chun thi cng l ng b vi b tiu chun thit k ny.

H n v met (h quc t) c dng thng nht trong b tiu chun ny.
1.2.
Cc nh ngha
Cu (Bridge) Mt kt cu bt k c khu khng di 6000mm to thnh mt phn

ca ng b hoc kt cu c ng b i qua pha trn hoc pha di.
Sp (Collapse) S thay i ln v hnh hc ca cu lm cho n khng th s
dng c na.
AASHTO cu ng b

Cu kin, Thnh phn (Component) L mt chi tit ring bit hoc mt t hp cc
chi tit i hi phi xem xt thit k ring.
Thit k (Design) Xc nh kch thc v cu to cc cu kin v lin kt ca cu.
Tui th thit k (Design life) Khong thi gian trong ngun gc thng k ca ti
trng nht thi da vo : vi tiu chun ny l 100 nm.
Tnh do (Ductility) Thuc tnh ca mt cu kin hoc lin kt cho php p ng
khng n hi.
K s (Engineer) Ngi chu thit k cu.
nh gi (Evaluation) Vic xc nh kh nng chu ti ca mt cu hin c.
Trng thi gii hn c bit (Extreme Event Limit States) Trng thi lin quan n
nhng s c nh ng t , va p tu b, xe c c chu k lp li vt qua tui th thit
k ca cu.
Cu c nh (Fixed Bridge) Cu c kh gii hn c nh cho xe c hoc thng
thuyn
Hiu ng lc (Force Effect) Bin dng , ng sut hoc t hp ng sut (tc l lc
dc trc , lc ct , mmen un hoc xon) gy ra do tc ng ca ti trng, ca nhng
bin dng cng bc hoc cc thay i v th tch.
Trng thi gii hn (Limit State) - iu kin m vt qua n cu hoc cu kin ca n
ngng tho mn cc quy nh da vo thit k .
H s ti trng (Load Factor) H s c xt n ch yu l s bin thin ca cc ti
trng, s thiu chnh xc trong phn tch v xc sut xy ra cng mt lc ca cc ti
trng khc nhau, nhng cng lin h n nhng thng k v sc khng thng qua qu
trnh hiu chnh.
H s iu chnh ti trng (Load Modifier) H s xt n tnh do, tnh d v s
quan trng trong khai thc cu.
M hnh (Model) S l tng ho kt cu dng cho mc ch phn tch.
Cu di ng (Movable Bridge) Cu c kh gii hn c th thay i cho xe c hoc
thng thuyn.
Kt cu c nhiu ng truyn lc (Multiple Load Path Structure) Kt cu c kh
nng chu c cc ti trng nh sau mt i mt cu kin hoc lin kt chu lc
chnh.
Sc khng danh nh (Nominal Resistance) Sc khng ca mt cu kin hoc mt
lin kt vi hiu ng da trn nhng kch thc c ghi trong h s hp ng v theo ng
sut cho php , bin dng hoc cng c ghi r ca vt liu.
Ch u t (Owner) Ngi hoc c quan c quyn lc php l i vi cu.
S dng bnh thng (Regular Service) iu kin khng bao gm xe c php c
bit, gi vi tc vt qu 25m/s v cc s c c bit bao gm si l.
Khi phc (Rehabilitation) Qa trnh m sc chu ca cu c khi phc hoc
nng cao.
AASHTO cu ng b

H s sc khng (Resistance Factor) H s ch yu xt n s bin thin ca cc
tnh cht ca vt liu , kch thc kt cu v tay ngh ca cng nhn v s khng
chc chn trong d on v sc khng , nhng cng lin h n thng k v cc ti
trng thng qua qa trnh hiu chnh.
Tui th s dng (Service Life) Khong thi gian cu c d kin khai thc.
Trng thi Gii hn s dng (Service Lomit States) Trng thi gii hn lin quan n
ng sut bin dng v vt nt.
Trng thi gii hn cng ( Strength Service) Trng thi gii hn lin quan n cng
v n nh.
1.3.
Trit l thit k
1.3.1.
Tng qut
Cu phi c thit k theo cc trng thi gii hn quy nh t c cc mc tiu thi

cng c , an ton v s dng c, c xt n cc vn kim tra c, kinh t v m
quan c nu iu 2.5
Bt k dng loi phn tch no phng trnh 1.3.2.1-1 cn c tho mn vi mi hiu
ng lc v cc t hp c ghi r ca chng.
1.3.2.
Cc trng thi gii hn.
1.3.2.1.
Tng qut
Mi cu kin v lin kt phi tho mn phng trnh 1 vi mi trng thi gii hn , tr khi c quy nh khc. i vi cc trng thi gii hn s dng v c bit h s sc khng c
ly bng 1,0. Tr trng hp vi bu lng th phi p dng quy nh iu 6.5.5. Mi
trng thi gii hn c coi trng nh nhau :
. Q
i
.Rn = Rr (1.3.2.1-1)
i vi ti trng dng gi tr imax : i = D .R .l (1.3.2.1-2)

i vi ti trng dng gi tr imin : i =
D .R .l
1.0 (1.3.2.1-3)
Trong :
i : h s ti trng , l s nhn da trn thng k dng cho hiu ng lc .
: h s sc khng , l s nhn da trn thng k dng cho sc khng danh ngha c
ghi cc phn 5,6,10,11,12.
i : h s lin quan n tnh do, tnh d v s quan trng trong khai thc.
D : h s lin quan n tnh do c ghi trong iu 1.3.3
R : h s lin qua n tnh d c ghi trong iu 1.3.4
l : h s lin quabn n tm quan trng trong khai thc c ghi trong iu 1.3.5
Qi : hiu ng lc
AASHTO cu ng b

Rn : sc khng danh ngha
Rr : sc khng tnh ton = .Rn
1.3.2.2.
Trng thi gii hn s dng
Trng thi gii hn s dng phi c xem xt n nh mt s hn ch i vi ng sut

,bin dng v vt nt di iu kin s dng bnh thng.
Trng thi gii hn mi v ph hoi.
Trng thi gii hn mi phi c xt n nh mt s hn ch v bin ng sut do xe
ti thit k gy ra vi s chu k bin ng sut mong i.
Trng thi gii hn ph hoi gin phi c xt n nh mt s yu cu v tnh bn ca
vt liu theo tiu chun vt liu .
1.3.2.3.
Trng thi gii hn cng .
Trng thi gii hn cng phi c xem xt n m bo cng v s n

nh c v cc b v ton th c d phng chu c cc t hp ti trng quan
trng theo thng k c nh ra cu chu c trong tui th thit k ca n.
1.3.2.4.
Trng thi gii hn c bit.
Trng thi gii hn c bit phi c xt n m bo s tn ti ca cu trong

ng t v l ln hoc khi b tu xe va , c th trong iu kin bi soi l.
1.3.3.
Tnh do.
H kt cu ca cu phi c nh kch thc v cu to m bo s pht trin

ng k v c th nhn thy c ca cc bin dng khng n hi trng thi gii hn cng v trng thi gii hn c bit trc khi ph hoi.
C th gi nh rng cc yu cu v tnh do c tho mn vi kt cu btng
sc khng ca lin kt khng ln hn 1,3 ln hiu ng lc ln nht do tc ng khng
n hi ca cc cu kin lin k tc ng ln lin kt .
Thit b tiu nng c th c p dng lm tng tnh do.
Vi trng thi gii hn cng :
D 1,05 cho cu kin lin kt khng do
= 1,00 cho cc thit k thng thng v cc chi tit theo ng tiu chun ny.
0,95 cho cc cu kin v lin kt c cc bin php tng thm tnh do quy nh vt
qua cc yu cu ca tiu chun ny.
Vi cc trng thi gii hn khc D = 1,0
1.3.4.
Tnh d
Cc kt cu c nhiu ng truyn lc v kt cu lin tc cn c s dng tr khi c

nhng l do bt buc.
AASHTO cu ng b

Cc b phn hoc cu kin chnh m h hng ca chng gy ra sp cu phi
c coi l c nguy c ph hoi gin.
Cc b phn hoc cu kin m s h hng ca chng khng gy ra s sp cu c coi l khng c nguy c h hng v kt cu lin quan l d.
i vi trng thi gii hn cng :
R 1,05 cho cc b phn khng d
= 1,0 cho cc mc d thng thng
0,95 cho cc mc d c bit.
i vi cc trng thi gii hn khc :
R = 1,0
1.3.5.
Tm quan trng trong khai thc
iu ny ch dng cho trng thi gii hn cng v trng thi gii hn c bit.
Ch u t c th cng b mt cu hoc bt k cu kin no hoc lin kt no ca
n l quan trng trong khai thc.
l 1,05 cho cc cu quan trng.
= 1,00 cho cc cu in hnh.
0,95 cho cc cu tng i t quan trng.
i vi trng thi gii hn khc l = 1,00.
AASHTO cu ng b
2.
thit k TNG th v c im v tr
2.1.
Phm vi
Quy nh cc yu cu ti thiu v tnh khng, bo v mi trng , m quan, nghin

cu a cht, kinh t, tnh i li c ,tnh bn, tnh thi cng c, tnh kim tra v
tnh duy tu c. C cp n cc yu cu ti thiu v an ton giao thng.
Cng a cc yu cu ti thiu v thit b thot ncv cc bin php t bo v chng nc v nc mn.
V nhn trng hpc rng nhiu cu b ph hoi l do nguyn nhn si l nn cng
cp chi tit n vn thu vn v thu lc.
2.2.
Cc nh ngha
Bi tch (Aggradation) S tch li chung v dn dn hoc nng cao trng trc dc

ca lng sng do bi tch.
L kim ta do si cu (Check flood for Bridge Scour) Lu lng l dng tnh ton
si l nn mng khi phi kim tra cu vt sng theo trng thi gii hn c bit. Tr trng hp c ch nh khc ca ch u t, l kim ton si cu phi dng l 500 nm.
Vng trng (Clear zone) Vng khng c chng ngi, tng i bng pha ngoi mp
ca ln xe cho cc xe i nhm quay li c. Ln xe y khng bao gm l hoc
ln ph.
Kh gii hn (Clearance) Khong khng gian thng ng hoc nm ngang khng c
chng ngi.
Xi mn (Degradation) S h thp chung v dn dn trc dc ca lng sng do b
si lu ngy.
Lng x l thit k (Design Discharge) Lng nc ln nht m cu phi chu khng vt
qu cc hn ch ca thit k c chp nhn.
L thit k si cu ( Design flood for Bridge Scour) Lu lng dng tnh ton si l
nn mng khi thit k cu vt sng theo trng thi gii hn (TTGH), cng v trng thi
AASHTO cu ng b

gii hn s dng. Tr trng hp c ch nh khc ca ch u t , l thit k si l phi
dng l 100 nm.
L thit k khu cu (Desige Flood for waterway Opening) Lu lng nh v
mc nc cao nht (c tnh n nh hng ca sng hay dng triu, nh hng ca nc
dnh khi thit k ), m ng vi n cu vt sng hay vt qua vng ngp l c thit k
khng lm kt cu b ngp hay khng gy ngp lt qu mc cho php. Tr khi c ch
nh khc ca ch u t, l thit k cho kh cu phi dng l 100 nm.
H cha nc (Detention Basin) Phng tin qun l nc ma khng cho chy qua v x
nht trng thi qua kt cu x nc n h thng dn h lu.
Rnh nh git (Drip Groove) Vt lm y cu kin lm nc chy trn mt cu kin
nh xung.
L 500 nm (five-handred-year Flood ) L do ma bo v hoc thu triu c tn sut
xy ra bng hoc vt qu 0,2% trong bt k nm cho trc no.
Si chung (General or Contraction Scour) Si sng hoc trn bi m khng tp
trung tr hoc vt cn khc trn dng chy. mt con sng si chung thng tc ng
n ton b hoc gn ht chiu rng ca sng do s thu hp dng chy gy ra.
Thu lc ( Hydraulics) Khoa hc lin quan n c trng v dng ca cht lng
c bit l trong ng v trn sng.
Thu vn (Hydrology) Khoa hc lin quan n s sut hin, phn b v tun hon
ca nc trn tri t bao gm ma, dng chy v nc ngm.
Si cc b(Local Scour) Si sng hoc trn bi tp trung m tr hoc vt cn
khc trn dng chy.
L hn hp (Mixed population. Flood) Dng l do hai hay nhiu nguyn nhn nh
triu cng km theo gi bo gy ra trn b.
L 100 nm (One-handred-year Flood) - L do ma bo v hoc thu triu c tn sut
xy ra bng hoc vt qu 1% trong bt k nm cho trc no.
L trn (Overtopping Flood) Dng l m nu vt qua s gy chy trn qua ng
hoc u cu, vt qua ng phn chia lu vc hoc qua kt cu x khn cp. iu
kin si xu nht c th do l trn gy ra.
Cu x l (Relief Bridge) Khong trng trong nn ng bi sng cho dng chy
bi vt qua.
Kt cu chnh tr sng (River training Structure) Mt hnh th no c xy
dng trong dng sng hoc trn k bn hoc gn b nn sng, gy bi tch ,
gim si l hoc bng mt s cch khc lm thay i ch dng chy v ch
bi lng dng sng.
L thot nc (Scrupper) Thit b thot nc qua mt cu.
B rng ng ngi i (Side walk Width) Khong khng gian trng dnh cho ngi i
b gia cc barie hoc gia b va v barie.
Triu cng (Spring tide) Triu bin tng xy ra mi hai tun trng trn v u
tun trng.
AASHTO cu ng b

Sng n nh (Stable Channel) iu kin tn ti khi sng c dc lng v mt
ct ngang cho php vn chuyn nc v trm tch t lu vc thng ngun m khng c
si mn, bi tch hoc si l b ng k.
a mo sng (Stream geomorphology) - Nghin cu v sng v bi ca n c xt
n a hnh , hnh thi chung ca b mt t v nhng thay i xy ra do si l
hoc bi tch.
Siu cao (Supperelevetion) - nghing ca mt ng cn bng mt phn ca
lc ly tm tc ng vo trn ng cong nm.
Thu triu (Tide) Chu k nng v h ca i dng do hiu ng ca mt trng v
mt tri tc ng ln tri t quay.
Lu vc (Watershed) Vng nm trong ng phn thu, thng ch c mt li x tng
din tch thot nc gy nn dng chy mt im duy nht.
ng thu (Waterway) Dng nc, sng, ao h, hoc i dng.
Khu thot nc (Water Oppening) Chiu rng hoc khong trng ca cu
giai on quy nh, thng c o theo hng chnh ca dng chy.
2.3.
2.3.1.
Cc c trng v tr
v tr tuyn
2.3.1.1.
Tng qut
Vic chn v tr cu qua phn tch cc phng n vi s xem xt v cc mt kinh t,

k thut, x hi v mi trng c lin quan cng nh gi duy tu v kin tra kt cu ca n
v vi tm quan trng tng i ca cc mi lin quan trn.
Ch tho ng n ri ro c trng hp d xy ra, cn hng vo vic chn v tr cu
tt :
Chn tho mn cc iu kin gy ra bi chng ngi cn vt.
Thun li cho vic thc hnh c hiu qu cng tc thit k, thi cng, khai thc, kim
tra v duy tu
Cung cp mc mong mun v phc v vn ti v an ton.
Gim thiu cc tc ng ca ng.
2.3.1.2.
Cc im vt sng v bi sng.
Cc im vt sng phi c nh v c xt n gi thnh xy dng ban u v vic

ti u ho tng gi thnh, bao gm cc cng trnh chnh tr sng v cc bin php duy
tu bo dng cn thit d gim si l. Nghin cu phng n cc v tr vt sng cn bao
gm cc vic nh gi v:
Cc c trng thu vn v thu lc ca sng v vng ngp ca n bao gm s n

nh ca dng l lch s, bin v chu k ca thu triu cc v tr vt sng.
nh hng ca cu i vi phn b l v vic dn n kh nng si mng cu.
Kh nng gy nn nhng ri ro mi hoc lm tng nhng ri ro c
AASHTO cu ng b
Nhng tc ng n mi trng trn sng v bi.
Cu v ng u cu bi sng cn c nh v v thit k c xt dn mc ch
v mc tiu qun l bi sng gm :
Ngn nga vic s dng v pht trin ca vng bi khng kinh t, nhiu ri ro
hoc khng tho ng.
Trnh nhng sm phm ln v chiu ngang cng nh chiu dc ni c th.
Gim n mc ti thiu cc tc ng bt li ca ng v gim bt cc tc ng

khng trnh c ni c th.
Ph hp vi cc yu cu ca b nng nghip v pht trin nng thn.
Bi tch v si mn di hn
Cc cam kt c duyt v mt mi trng
2.3.2.
b tr v tr cu
2.3.2.1.
Tng qut
V tr v hng tuyn ca cu cn c chn tho mn cc yu cu v an ton giao

thng c trn v di cu. Cn xt n cc yu cu c th c trong tng lai v hng
hoc chiu rng ca ng sng, ng b hoc ng st m cu vt qua.
ni thch hp cn xt trong tng lai c thm cc cng trnh cho cc loi giao thng khc
hoc m rng cu.
2.3.2.2.
An ton giao thng
2.3.2.2.1. Bo v kt cu
Phi xt n s i li an ton ca xe c trn v di cu. Ri ro do xe i nhm trong
khu trng cn c gim n mc ti thiu bng cch t cc chng ngi vi mt c ly
an ton ngoi ln xe.
Ct tr hoc tng ca kt cu nhiu tng c nh v ph hp vi quan nim v vng
trng nh c nu trong tiu chun thit k ng. ni nhng hn ch thc t v gi
thnh kt cu, loi hnh kt cu lu lng v tc thit k ca xe, vic b tr nhp,
mt nghing v a th khng thc hin theo tiu chun thit k ng trng hp tr
v tng cn dng lan can hoc thit b barie khc bo v. Lan can hoc thit bi khc
nu c cn cho chu lc c lp vi mt quay v pha ng ca n phi cch xa
mt m tr t nht l 600mm, nu khng th phi t barie cng.
Mt ca lan can hoc ca thit bi khc phi t pha ngoi ca ng t nht l
600mm
2.3.2.2.2. Bo v ngi s dng

Lan can phi t dc theo mp kt cu ph hp vi nhng yu cu phn 13
Tt c cc kt cu bo v phi c y cc c trng b mt v s chuyn tip
nh hng li mt cch an ton cc xe i sai.
AASHTO cu ng b

Trong trng hp cu di ng, cc bin bo nguy him, n, chung, ca, barie v cc
thit b an ton khc phi c t bo v ngi i b, ngi i xe p v t. Cc
thit b ny phi c thit k chng hot ng trng thic khi m nhp ngv duy
tr cho ti khi nhp ny c ng hon ton
Nu ch u t khng yu cu khc th cc ng ngi i phi c bo v bng barie.
2.3.2.2.3. Tiu chun hnh hc

Cc yu cu ca thit k ng phi c tho mn, trng hp c bit phi c chng
minh v lp h s.
Chiu rng ca l ng v kch thc ca barie giao thng phi p ng cc yu cu
ca ch u t.
2.3.2.2.4. Mt ng
Mt ng phi c tnh chng trt, c sng ng, thot nc v siu cao phi ph hp vi
tiu chun thit k ng.
2.3.2.2.5. Va tu
Kt cu phi c bo v chng lc va ca tu bng b chng va, p hoc bo v
v hoc phi c thit k chu c hiu ng lc va tu nh yu cu mc 3.14.15
2.3.3.
Kh gii hn
2.3.3.1.
Thng thuyn
Gy php xy dng cu qua ng thu c thng thuyn phi do cc ng sng

hoc cc hng hi Vit Nam cp. Kh gii hn thng thuyn c v chiu ng ln
chiu ngang phi c ch u t xc lp vi s cng tc ca cc ng sng Vit Nam
hoc cc hng hi Vit Nam. Tr khi c ch nh khc, kh gii hn thng thuyn
phi tun theo bng 1, ly t TCVN 5664-1992
Bng 2.3.2.1.1 Kh gii hn thng thuyn trn cc sng c thng thuyn
Cp ng
sng
Kh gii hn ti thiu trn mc nc cao c chu k 20 nm (m)

Theo chiu ngang
Theo chiu ng (trn

ton chiu rng)
Cu qua sng
Cu qua knh
80
50
II
60
40
III
50
30
IV
40
25
6 (5)
25
20
3,5
VI
15
10
2,5
Ghi ch : Gi tr trong ngot l gi tr ti thiu.
AASHTO cu ng b
2.3.3.2.
Chiu thng ng ca ng b
Kh gii hn thng ng ca cc kt cu ng b phi ph hp vi tiu chun thit k

ng. Cn nghin cu kh nng gim kh gii hn thng ng do ln ca kt cu vt.
Nu ln d kin vt qu 25mm th c cng thm vo kh gii hn quy nh.
Chiu cao tnh ca cc gi bin bo v cc cu vt cho ngi i b phi ln hn kt
cu ca ng l 300mm, V chiu cao tnh thng ng t mt ng n thanh
ging ca kt cu dn vt qua pha trn khng c nh hn 5300mm.
2.3.3.3.
Chiu ngang ca ng b
Chiu rng cu khng c nh hn chiu rng ca on ng u cu bao gm

hoc b va, rnh nc v ng ngi i.
Kh gii hn ngang di cu cn tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 2.3.2.2.1
Khng c vt th no trn hoc di cu, ngoi barie, c nh v cch mp ca
lan xe di 1200mm. Mt trong ca barie khng c t cch mt ca vt th
hoc mp ca ln xe di 600mm.
2.3.3.4.
Cu vt ng st
Cc kt cu c thit k vt ng st phi ph hp vi kh gii hn c quy nh

cc hnh 1 v 2 v tun theo cc yu cu c bit ca ch u t v lin hip ng
st Vit Nam.
2700
2000
2000
250
500
1650
1650
1300
1300
500 500
200
200
25
Cao
nh ray
0
50
R1
1120
5300(5100)
1120
1350
3200
4500(4300)
1350
Cho cc cng trnh vt pha trn ng st dng sc ko hi nc v iezen

Cho cc cng trnh vt pha trn ng st dng sc ko in xoay chiu
S trong ngot n dng chu trng hp khi kh khn v chiu cao.
Hnh 2.3.3.4-1 Kh gii hn tip gip kin trc trn ng thng trong khng gian.
( ng st kh 1000mmm)
AASHTO cu ng b
R2
30
1400
1700
2000
4500
5500
6550(6200)
1400
1700
2000
1100
1210
200
350
Rail level
3000
4230
2440
2440
2370
2370
1875
1875
1725
1725
1500
1500
1400
1400
717.5 717.5
250
250
Cho cc cng trnh vt pha trn ng st dng sc ko hi nc v iezen

Cho cc cng trnh vt pha trn ng st dng sc ko in xoay chiu
S trong ngot n dng chu trng hp khi kh khn v chiu cao.
Hnh 2.3.3.4-2 Kh gii hn tip gip kin trc trn ng thng trong khng gian.
( ng st kh 11435mmm)
Ghi ch: Kh gii hn trong hnh v ch dng cho tuyn ng thng. i vi cc tuyn
trn ng cong phi cn c theo tiu chun 22TCN18-1979, ph lc1.
2.3.4.
Mi trng
Tc ng ca cu v ng u cu n dn c a phng, cc di tch lch s, t

trng v cc vng nhy cm v m quan, mi trng v sinh thi u c xem xt. Thit
k phi tun theo mi lut l quy nh v mi trng c lin quan, phi xem xt v
a mo dng sng, h qu ca si l lng sng, cun tri cy c gia c nn p v
trong trng hp cn thit cn phi xem xt nhng tc ng n ng lc dng triu
ca sng.
2.4.
2.4.1.
Kho st mng
Tng qut
Vic kho st tng ph bao m khoan v th nghim t phi c thc hin theo cc
quy nh i 10.4 cung cp cc thng tin thch hp v y cho thit k kt
cu phn di. Loi hnh v gi thnh mng phi c xem xt trong nghin cu kinh t v
m quan v nh v v chn phng n cu.
2.4.2.
Nghin cu a hnh
Phi thit lp bn hin ti ca cu bng bn a hnh v nh. Nghin cu ny

bao gm lch s v tr trong qu trnh di chuyn ca cc khi t, si l ca t v
s un khc ca sng
AASHTO cu ng b
2.5.
2.5.1.
Mc ch thit k
An ton
Trch nhim chnh ca ngi k s l phi m bo an ton cho dn chng.
2.5.2.
Tnh s dng c
2.5.2.1.
Tnh bn
2.5.2.1.1. Vt liu
H s hp ng phi i hi vt liu c cht lng, vic ch to v lp t vi tiu
chun cao. Thp kt cu phi c tnh t bo v, hoc c bo v bng h thng
sn c tui th cao hoc bo v bng ca-tt. Ct thp v tao cp ng sut trc trong
btng vng c hi nc mn hoc cha nc mn phi c bo v bng t hp ph
keo -p-xy ca btng, bao gm sn mt btng ht kh v khng b r hoc bo
v ca-tt.
Cc tao thp ng sut trc trong ng bc phi c bm va hoc bng cch khc
bo v chng g.
Phi c bin php bo v cc vt liu d bi h hng do bc x mt tri v nhim
khng kh.
Phi xt n tnh bn ca vt liu tip xc trc tip vi nc hoc t.
2.5.2.1.2. Cc bin php t bo v.

Cn lm nhng rnh soi nh nc lin tc mt di ca mt cu btng v khng chc
u dm qu 250mm. Ni mt cu b t qung bi cc khe ni mt cu (khi co gin)
c bt kn th mt nh m tr, tr b gi cu lm dc t nht l 5%. Tr ng hp
dng khe ni mt cu kiu h gi cu phi c bo v chng tip xc vi nc mt v
rc ri.
Mt ng khe ni mt cu thng b gin on v cn t thit b ni mt cu
cho m thun.
Vn khun thp phi c bo v chng g theo yu cu ca ch u t.
2.5.2.2.
Tnh kim tra c.
Phi lp t cc thang, li i b, li i ven, h vo c np y v cp in chiu

sng nu cn, kim tra cu khi m cc phng tin kim tra khc khng thc hin
c.
Ni c th phi lm cc li vo bn trong cc ngn ca cu kin hp vi chiu cao thng
thu cao v ti cc mt tip xc, ni c cc dch chuyn tng i, c th kim tra
bng th cng v bng mt.
AASHTO cu ng b
2.5.2.3.
Tnh duy tu c
Cn trng dng cc h kt cu kh duy tu. Ni m kh hu hoc mi trng giao thng

n mc c th thay mt cu trc khi n tui th s dng cu n th phi quy
nh trong h s hp ng v vic thay mt cu hoc lp thm kt cu chu lc.
Din tch xung quanh b gi hoc khe ni mt cu cn c thit k thun tin
cho vic kch, lm v sinh, sa cha v thay gi cu v khe ni.
im khich phi c th hin trong bn v v kt cu phi c thit k chu lc kch
ghi iu3.4.3. Cn trnh lm nhng hc, gc khng vo c. Cc hc c th lm ni
c tr cho ngi v sc vt hoc phi trnh lm hoc phi lm cho chc chn.
2.5.2.4.
Tnh i li c
Mt cu phi c thit k cho php xe c i li m thun. Trn ng thm phi t

bn chuyn tip gia m cu v ng dn. Dung sai xy dng lin quan n tit
din mt cu c hon thin phi c ch r trong bn v hoc trong cc ch dn
hoc trong cc quy nh ring.
S lng cc khe ni mt cu cn gi mc ti thiu. Cc g khe ni mt cu btng
l trn mt ng phi c bo v chng mi mn v nt v. Bn thit k ch to
trc cc khe ni (khe co gin) cn quy nh rng cm khe ni phi c lp nh mt khi
lin. Mt cu btng khng c lp ph ban u cn c lp b sung dy 10mm cho
php hiu chnh li mt cu do mi mn v b li chiu dy mt i do ma hao.
2.5.2.5.
Tin ch khc
ni c yu cu cn phi lm cc gi v m bo cho cc tin ch khc c truyn

qua.
2.5.2.6.
Bin dng
2.5.2.6.1. Tng qut

Cn phi c thit k trnh nhng hiu ng khng mong mun v kt cu v tm
l do bin dng gy nn. Trong khi cc gii hn v vng v cao c la chn
th tr cc bn mt cu trc hng bt c s thay i no so vi thc t thnh cng ca
qu kh v mnh v vng phi c xem xt li thit k xc nh xem c
hon thin khng.
Nn dng phn tch ng phi tun th cc nguyn tc v yu cu iu 4.7.
2.5.2.6.2. Tiu chun v vng

Cc tiu chun mc ny ngoi cc quy nh cho mt cu trc hng, c xem nh l
tu chn. Cc quy nh cho mt cu trc hng c coi l bt buc .
Trong khi p dng nhng tiu chun ny, ti trng xe cn bao gm lc xung kch. Nu
ch u t yu cu kim tra vng c th p dng cc nguyn tc sau:
Khi nghin cu vng tuyt i ln nht tt c cc ln xe thit k phi c

t ti v tt c cc cu kin chu lc u c coi c vng ln nh nhau.
AASHTO cu ng b
V thit k cu lin hp, mt ct ngang thit k phi bao gm ton b chiu

rng ca ng v nhng b phn lin tc v kt cu ca lan can, ng i v
barie gia.
V khi nghin cu chuyn v tng i ln nht s lng v v tr ca cc ln t

ti phi chn cho hiu ng bt li nht.
Phi dng hot ti ca t hp ti trng s dng trong bng 3.4.1.1 bao gm lc

xung kch.
Hot ti ly iu 3.6.1.3.2
Cc quy nh ca iu 3.6.1.1.2 cn c p dng
i vi cu cheo c th dng mt ct ngang thng gc, vi cu cong v va

cong va cho c th dng mt ct ngang xin tm.
i khi thiu cc tiu chun khc, cc gii hn v vng sau y c th xem xt cho
kt cu thp, nhm hoc btng.
Ti trng ni chung..........................................................................L/800
Ti trng xe v ngi i b..............................................................L/1000
Ti trng xe mt tha....................................................................L/300
Ti trng xe v ngi i b mt tha ...........................................L/375
Trong : L l chiu di nhp.

i vi dm thp I v dm t hp cn p dng cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.5 v
6.10.10.2 v kim tra vng thng xuyn qua kim tra ng sut cnh dm.
Cc quy nh sau y c quy nh cho bn trc hng
Ti trng xe trn bn mt cu ............................................................L/300
Ti trng xe trn sn ca mt cu thp trc hng...........................L/1000
Ti trng xe trn sn ca mt cu thp trc hng ( vng tng i ln nht gia

hai sn cnh nhau)...................................................................................2,5mm
2.5.2.6.3. Tiu chun la chn t l chiu di chiu cao nhp

Nu ch u t yu cu kim tra chiu di chiu cao nhp, c th xem xt v dng
cc gii hn trong bng 1 khi thiu cc tiu chun khc, trong S l chi di ca bn v
L l chiu di ca nhp, n v l mm. Nu dng cc gii hn trong bng 1 phi tnh
cho ton chiu cao, nu khng c ghi ch.
Bng 2.5.2.6.3-1 Chiu cao ti thiu thng thng dng cho cc kt cu phn trn c
chiu cao khng i.
Chiu cao ti thiu (gm c mt
cu) (Khi dng cc cu kin c chiu
Kt cu phn trn
cao thay i th phi hiu chnh cc
gi tr c tnh n nhng thay i
v cng tng i ca cc mt
ct mmen dng v m)
AASHTO cu ng b

Vt liu
Btng
ct thp
Btng
ng sut
trc
Loi hnh
Cc bn c ct thp ch song
song
Cc dm T
Cc dm hp
Dm n gin
1,2( S + 3000 )
30
0,070L
0,060L
Cc dm kt cu cho ngi i b
Cc bn
Cc dm hp c ti ch
Cc dm I c sn
Cc dm kt cu cho ngi ib
Cc dm hp lin k
Thp
Chiu cao ca ton b dm I lin

hp
Chiu cao ca phn dm I ca
dm I lin hp
Cc dn
2.5.2.7.
Dm lin tc
S + 3000
165mm
30
0,065L
0,055L
0,035L
0,030L165mm
0,045L
0,045L
0,033L
0,027L165mm
0,04L
0,04L
0,033L
0,030L
0,030L
0,025L
0,040L
0,032L
0,033L
0,027L
0,100L
0,100L
Xt n vic m rng trong tng lai
2.5.2.7.1. Dm bin trong cu nhiu dm

Tr khi trongh tng lai hu nh khng c vic m rng, nng lc chu ti ca dm bin
khng c nh hn nng lc chu ti ca dm gia .
2.5.2.7.2. Kt cu phn di
Khi c th thy trc c vic m rng trong tng lai th cn xem xt thit k kt cu
phn di c th m rng c.
2.5.3.
Tnh thi cng c
Cn phi c thit k sao cho vic ch to v lp rp c th thc hin khng qu kh

khn hoc pht sinh s c v hiu ng lc lp rp nm trong gii hn cho php.
Khi phng php thi cng khng r rng hoc c th gy nn ng sut lp rp khng
chp nhn c th t nht phi c mt phng php kh thi c nu trong hp ng. Nu
thit k i hi phi c mt s thanh tng cng hoc tm hoc tr khi lp rp theo
phng php c chn th nghin cu cc ch dn ny phi c ghi trong h s hp ng
Cn trnh nhng chi tit hn nhng ch hp hoc phi btng qua nhng khe ct
thp dy c.
Cn xt n cc iu kin kh hu thu lc c th nh hng n vic xy dng .
AASHTO cu ng b
2.5.4.
Kinh t
2.5.4.1.
Tng qut
Loi hnh kt cu, chiu di nhp v vt liu phi c la chn c xt y n

gi thnh d n. cn xt n chi ph tng lai trong tui th thit k cu. Cc nhn t
t nhin nh vt liu ti ch, ch to, v tr ca cc tr ngi trong vn chuyn v lp rp
cng phi c xem xt.
2.5.4.2.
Phng n so snh
Trong trng hp c bit khi cc nghin cu khinh t khng a ra c la chn r rng,

ch u t c th yu cu chun b phng n so snh v u thu cnh tranh. Thit
k ca cc phng n so snh phi c cng an ton, tnh s dng c v gi tr thm
m.
Cu di ng qua ng thu c thng thuyn cn trnh nu ra trong nghin cu kh thi
b sung. Ni c kin ngh lm cu di ng th t nht cng a vo mt phng n
cu c nh trong so snh kinh t.
2.5.5.
M quan cu
Cu phi b xung cho cnh quan xung quanh, c hnh dng p v to dng kho
khon.
Ngi k s cn tm chn a nhn bng cch ci thin bn thn hnh dng v quan h
gia cc cu kin. Cn trnh cch lm khng bnh thng v ph kt cu .
Cn xem xt cc ch dn sau y:
Cc phng n thit k khng c tr hoc t tr hn cn c nghin cu trong

giai on chn a im v v tr v lm chi tit hn trong giai on thit k
s b.
Hnh dng tr phi ph hp vi hnh dng v chi tit ca kt cu phn trn.
Cn trnh nhng thay i t ngt v hnh dnh cu kin v loi hnh cu

kin. Khi khng trnh c ranh gii gia cc loi hnh kt cu khc nhau cn to
dng chuyn tip hi ho gia chng.
Khng c b qua m cn ch n cc chi tit nh ng ng dn nc t mt

cu xung.
Nu phi buc dng kt cu chy di do yu cu k thut hoc do l do kinh t

th phi la chn loi kt cu c b ngoi thng thong , khng ri rm.
ni no c th, cn trnh dng cu lm vt gn bng thng tin, bin ch dn

ng hoc chiu sng
Cc thanh ngang tng cng bn bng khng c l chnh din tr cc thanh

gn gi
vt khe ni su, kt cu dng vm cn c u tin s dng
AASHTO cu ng b
2.6.
2.6.1.
Thu vn v thu lc
Tng qut
Cc nghin cu v thu vn v thu lc v nhng nh gi v v tr vt sng phi c

hon thnh nh mt phn ca thit k s b. Chi tit ca cc nghin cu ny cn t ng
xng vi tm quan trng v nhng ri ro lin quan ca kt cu.
Cc kt cu tm cho nh thu dng hoc phc v cho giao thng trong qa trnh xy
dng phi ctk c xt n an ton ca ngi qua li v cc ch s hu lin i, Cng nh
l gim thiu tc ng ln ti nguyn thin nhin trong vng ngp l. Ch cng trnh cho
php sa li cc yu thit k ph hp vi thi gian phc v nh v ri ro v l cakc
tm. H s hp ng v kt cu ph phi m t trch nhim lin i v cc ri ro c
tha nhn ca c quan ng b v nh thu.
Khi nh gi cc phng n cu phi xt n n nh dng chy nc dnh phn b
dng chy, tc chy, kh nng si l, ri do l, kh nng si l, ng lc triu (
ni c).
2.6.2.
S liu hin trng
K hoch thu thp s liu c th hin trng phi bao gm xem xt v :
Thu thp s liu kho st v hng khng v mt t vi c ly thch hp thng

lu v h lu cn cho dng ch v bi sng.
c tnh cc yu t v nhm ca dng ch v bi sng trong phm v b ngp

c nghin cu.
Ly mu vt liu y sng vi su xc nh chc chn cc c

trng ca vt liu dng cho tnh si.
Khoan tng ph
Cc yu t nh hng mc nc, bao gm cc mc nc cao t sng h cha, u

tu, cc kt cu khng ch l, triu v cc bin php khai thc.
Cc nghin cu v bo co hin c.
Thng tin lch s hin c v dc tnh ca sng v s lm vic ca kt cu

trong cc t l trc kia, bao gm si l quan st c, si l b v h hi kt cu do
vt tri .
Nhng thay i v a mo dng sng.
2.6.3.
Phn tch thu vn.
Ch u t phi xc nh quy m ca cc nghin cu thu vn da trn vic phn loi ng b theo chc nng, lut l hin hnh v tai ho l lt ti hin trng.
Cc l sau y cn c nghin cu iu tra tho ng trong nghin cu thu vn:
Nhm m bo tho mn cc tnh nng thu lc ca cng trnh cu l mt b

phn ca tuyn ng, m bo tm quan trng ca cu trn tuyn, cng nh
nh gi s nguy him ca l v tho mn cc yu cu trong qun l vng
AASHTO cu ng b

ngp nc l thit k khu cu (bng l 100 nm tr khi c ch nh khc
ca ch u t).
Nhm nh gi s ri ro cho nhng ngi s dng ng b v nh gi h hi cho

cu v ng vo cu l thit k si cu (bng l 100 nm tr khi c ch
nh khc ca ch u t).
nh chun cc mc nc v nh gi tnh nng ca cc cng trnh hin c- Cc l

lch s.
nh gi cc iu kin mi trng Cc thng tin v lu lng dng chy c bn

hoc dng chy lu lng thp v cng trnh i qua ca sng. Bin triu cng.
i vi cc cng trnh vt qua cc ngun ti nguyn bin hoc ca sng, phi iu tra
nghin cu nh hng n bin triu ca s dng cao mc nc bin.
2.6.4.
Phn tch thu lc.
2.6.4.1.
Tng qut
Ngi k s phi dng cc m hnh gii thch cc k thut c ch u t duyt v ph

hp vi mc yu cu ca phn tch .
2.6.4.2.
n nh ca dng chy
Phi nghin cu nh gi s n nh ca dng chy v xc nh tc ng ca

cng trnh ln dng chy. cc hng mc sau y phi c xem xt:
Khc sng ang si , ang bi hay trng thi cn bng.
Vi im ct sng gn ng ba sng, hu ca dng ch v dng ph trong cc

qu trnh l, tc , phn b dng, chuyn dch ng v ngang ca dng v
hiu ng ca cc iu kin ni trn i vi thit k thu lc c.
V tr ca im vt sng c triu cn dng sng c thng , un khc quanh co

hoc chuyn tip khng hoc c thit b kim tra bo v cu trong iu
kin hin ti hc lng trc trong tng lai khng.
Hiu ng ca bt k thay i dng d kin
Nhng thay i tim tng v tc v lu lng nc do nhng thay i v s

dng t.
Hiu ng ca nhng thay i v phn b dng theo a mo t nhin ln kt

cu kin ngh.
Hiu ng ca nhng thay i ca a mo ln cng trnh hin c vng ph

cn v gy ra bi kt cu d kin.
Vi iu kin sng v dng khng n nh phi tin hnh nhng nghin cu c

bit xc nh nhng thay i c th c trong tng lai v mt bng v mt ct
sng v xc nh cc bin php khc phclin quan trong thit k hoc trong tng lai
v s an ton ca cu v ng u cu.
AASHTO cu ng b
2.6.4.3.
Khu cu.
Qu trnh thit k xc nh khu cu phi bao gm :
nh gi s phn b ca l dng ch v bi sng cho iu kin hin ti
nh gi cho t hp th ca mt ct ng, hng tuyn v chiu di cn p vi

cc mc tiu cn thit k .
Khi dng cc nghin cu v l hay c th phi xc nh chnh xc ca chng.

Phi thit k kch thc cu ph hp vi l thit k khu cu ng vi l 100 nm, tr
khi c ch u t ch nh khc. C th chn chu k ti sut hin t hn 100 nm
nu c lun c kinh t (nh l 50 nm hoc 20 nm cho cc cu trn ng cp 2 hoc
cp thp hn- tham kho bng 10.5.1 trong tiu chun thit k ng).
Kh gii hn ti thiu theo chiu thng ng ca kt cu trn mc n c tng ng vi l
thit k khu pha ly nh sau:
n mt di y ca kt cu phn trn.
Trong trng hp dng l c mang theo s lng ln cc vt tri hay bn : 1,0m

Cc trng hp khc : ...........................................................0,5m
n tm k gi : .................................................................0,25m
n cao ca mi cng trnh iu tit dng sng :...........0,5m
2.6.4.4.
Mng cu
2.6.4.4.1. Tng qut

Nhng kha cnh kt cu, thu lc v a k thut ca nn mng cng phi c phi
hp v phn bit gii quyt trc khi duyt thit k s b.
2.6.4.4.2. Si l cu
Nh i hi iu 3.7.5 si mng cu c nghin cu cho hai iu kin :
L thit k si : vt liu y sng trong lng th si pha trn ng tng si

c gi nh l c chuyn i trong cc iu kin thit k. L thit k do
ma km triu dng hoc l hn hp thng nghim trng hn l 100 nm hoc l
trn vi chu k ti xut hin nh hn. Cc trng thi gii hn cng v s dng
phi p dng ch iu kin ny.
L kim tra si : n nh mng cn phi c nghin cu i vi cc iu kin

si gy ra do l dng t sut do ma bo km triu dng, Hoc l hn hp
khng vt qu l 500 nm hoc vi l trn vi chu k ti xut hin nh hn. D tr
vt qu yu cu v n nh trong iu kin ny l khng cn thit. Phi p
dng trng thi gii hn c bit cho iu kin ny.
Nu iu kin ti ch do tch rc v ui nc thp gn ni hp lu i hi phi dng l

s c ln hn thay cho l thit k si hoc l kim tra si th ngi k s c th dng l
s c .
AASHTO cu ng b

Mng m rng c dt trn nn t hoc d si th y ca n cn t di
su si do l kim tra si gy nn. Mng m rng t trn nn khng b si phi
c thit k v thi cng bo m tnh ton ven ca khi chu lc.
B mng nu c th cn c thit k t nh thp hn mc si chung tnh ton
gim thiu tr ngi cho dng l v dn n si cc b. Ngay c su thp hn
cng cn c xem xt cho b mng t trn cc cc cc c th b ph hoi do
si v g v ph ra trc dng chy.
ni buc phi xy nh b trn y sng cn ch n si tim tng trong thit
k.
Khi dng tr chng va hoc h thng bo v tr khc th hiu ng ln si tr v s
tch rc phi c xt n trong thit k.
n nh ca m trong vng c dng chy xoy cn c nghin cu k v mi dc nn
p ph ra phi c bo v vi cc bin php chng si ph hp.
2.6.4.5.
ng u cu.
Thit k cu cn phi hp vi thit k ng hai u cu bi sng sao cho ton b

m hnh dng chy c pht trin v phn tch nh m th thng nht v lin quan ln
nhau. Ni nn ng trn bi sng cn tr l vt qua th on ny cn c thit k
gim thiu cc ri ro ca l.
noi ny xy ra s chy chch sang mt dng khc do nc chy ngc v cc chng ngi
trn dng chy gy ra, phi tin hnh nh gi li thit k m bo cc yu cu
php l i ri ro do l dng nc khc ny.
2.6.5.
V tr, chiu di v khu cng.
Ngoi cc quy nh iu 2.6.3 v 2.6.4, cn xem xt cc iu kin sau y:
C v chim mung qua li
Hiu ng ca tc cao ca ra v dng tp trung i vi ca ra, lng h lu v

ti sn lin quan.
Hiu ng ni ca vo.
An ton giao thng.
Hiu ng ui nc cao, c th gy ra bi trm nc kim tra h lu hoc sng

thn.
2.6.6.
Thot nc ng
2.6.6.1.
Tng qut
Mt cu v ng u cu cn phi c thit k m bo thot an ton v c

hiu qu nc ma trn mt sao cho t h hi nht i vi cu v an ton ti a cho xe c
i li. Thot nc ngang ca mt cu, bao gm mt mg, ng xe p v ng ngi
i b phi lm c dc ngang hc siu cao thot nc tt. Vi cc cu rng mi hng
c trn 3 ln xe c th phi thit k c bit cho thot nc mt cu hoc c th phi
dng mt ng nhm c bit gim kh nng xe b quay trt do ma st.
AASHTO cu ng b

Nc chy xung rnh ng cn c chn li khng cho chy vo cu. Rnh thot nc
u cu cn phi c kh nng thot ton b nc c gom li.
Trong nhng trng hp rt nhy cm v mi trng m khng th x nc xung sng
pha di cn xt n dn nc trong ng ng thot nc l dc gn pha di cu v
x vo ni ph hp trn mt t t nhin u cu.
2.6.6.2.
L thit k .
L thit k cho thot nc mt cu khng c nh hn l thit k cho thot nc mt ng lin k, tr khi ch u t c ch nh khc.
2.6.6.3.
Loi hnh kch thc v s lng
ng thot nc.
S lng ng thot nc cn gi mc ti thiu ph hp vi cc yu cu thu lc. Khi thiu
cc ch dn thc hnh khc, i vi cu m tc thit k ng nh hn 75km/h th
kch thc v s lng ng nc cn m bo nc khng ngp qua mt na chiu rng ca
bt k ln xe no. i vi cu m tc thit k ng khng nh hn 75km/h cn
m bo nc khng ngp bt k b phn no ca ln xe. Rnh cn c chn li ngay
ch thay i dc trnh nc chy qua mt cu. Din tch mt ct ngang ti thiu
ca ng thot nc phi ly l 1cm 2 trn 1m2 mt cu. C ly ti a gia cc ng ng
thot nc dc cu khng vt qua 15m.
L thot nc hoc h thu ca mt cu phi thot nc v d lm sch.
Kch thc bn trong ti thiu ca ng thot nc thng thng khng c ln hn 100mm.
2.6.6.4.
X nc t ng thot nc mt cu.
Thot nc mt cu phi c thit k v lp t sao cho nc t mt cu hoc mt ng c dn ra xa cc cu kin ca kt cu phn trn v kt cu phn di.
Nu ch u t khng c i hi c bit kim tra nc thot ra t ng thot nc v
ng ng th cn xt n:
t nht ng phi nh ra khi cu kin thp nht ca kt cu phn trn l

100mm
t ng thot nc c ming loe 450 x nc khng ri vo cu kin cu.
ch c th v c php c th cho nc chy t do hoc qua ca thot nc trn

ng ngi i.
Dng cc ct ni khng ln hn 450
Dng cc ng thng.
Nc chy t mt cu cn b tr ph hp vi cc i hi v mi tr ng v an ton giao

thng.
2.6.6.5.
Thot nc kt cu .
Cc h thu nc trong kt cu ni cn c phi t im thp nht. Mt cu v

mt ng cn thit k trnh ng nc nht l nhng khe ni mt cu. i vi mt
AASHTO cu ng b

cu c mt khng nguyn khi hoc c vn khun li cn xem xet thot phn n c
c th tch ng mt tip gip.
3.
Ti trng v h s ti trng .
3.1.
Phm vi.
Trong phn ny nh quy nh nhng yu cu ti thiu i vi ti trng v lc, phm vi p

dng ca chng, cc h s ti trng v t hp ti trng dng ftrong thit k cc cu mi.
Nhng quy nh v ti trng cng c dng trong nh gi kt cu ca cc cu ang
khai thc.
ch no c nhiu mc lm vic khc nhau,vic la chn mc lm vic thit
k l trch nhim ca ch u t.
AASHTO cu ng b

Mt h s ti trng ti thiu c xc nh cho hiu ng lc c th pht sinh trong qu
trnh thi cng. Cc yu cu b xung cho vic xy dng cc cu btng phn on c
quy nh nh trong iu 5.14.2.
3.2.
Cc nh ngha.
p lc ch ng (Active earth presure) p lc ngang gy ra do t c kt cu hay

b phn kt cu gi li c xu hng dch chuyn ra ngoi khi t.
Lng th t ch ng (Active earth Wedge) Lng th t c xu th chuyn dch
nu khng c kt cu hay b phn kt cu gi li.
Dao ng n hi kh ng (aeroelastic Vibration) Phn ng chu k n hi ca
kt cu i vi gi.
n v trc (Alex Unit) Trc n hay trc i (Tandem).
H o (Bearn) Cng trnh bng t dng nh hng li hoc lm chm li s va
x ca xe c hoc tu thuyn v n nh t p, nn ng hoc t yu v cc
taluy o.
Lc ly tm (Centrifugal Force) Lc ngang do xe chuyn hng di chuyn.
Ln xe thit k (Design Lane) Ln xe quy c t theo chiu ngang trn lng ng.
Chiu su nc thit k (Design Water Depth) chiu su ca nc mc nc cao
trung bnh.
Xon (Distortion) s thay i hnh hc ca kt cu.
(Dolphin) Vt th phng h, c th c h thng chn ring, thng c mt trn v
c lp vi kt cu ca cu.
Lc xung kch (Dynamic Load Allowance) Phn tng lc tnh xt ti tng tc
ng gia cu v xe c i li.
Cht lng tng ng (Equivalent Fluid) L mt cht quy c c t trng c th gy
ra cng p lc nh t c thay th tnh ton .
Phn l ra (Exposed) - iu kin trong c mt phn ca kt cu phn dihay phn
trn ca cu c th b va chm vi bt k b phn ca mi tu, cabin hay ct tu.
Cc hn (Extreme) Ti a hay ti thiu.
Vt chn chng va (Fender) Kt cu phng h cng c lin kt vo b phn kt
cu c bo v hoc dn lung hoc chuyn hng cc tu b chch hng.
Tng th (Global) Ph hp vi ton b kt cu phn trn hoc ton b cu.
Ti trng thng xuyn (Permanent Loads) Ti trng v lc khng i hoc gi
thit khng i sau khi hon thnh vic xy dng.
Mt nh hng (Influence Surface) Mt hm lin tc hay ri rc trn mt cu m gi
tr ti mt im ca n nhn vi ti trng tc dng thng gc vi mt cu ti im
s c hiu ng lc.
Quy tc n by (Lerver Rule) Ly tng mmen vi mt im tm phn lc
im th hai.
AASHTO cu ng b

Ho lng (Liquefaction) S mt cng do chu ct trong t bo ho do vt qu p
lc thu tnh. Trong t ri bo ho, s mt cng ny c th do ti trng tc thi
hoc chu k, c bit trong ct nh n ct va ri rc ht ng nht.
Ti trng (Loads) Hiu ng ca gia tc bao gm : gai tc trng trng, bin dng cng
bc v thay i th tch.
Cc b (Local) Ph hp vi mt cu kin hoc cm lp rp ca cu kin .
Tn (Megagram(Mg)) 1000kg mt n v khi lng .
Phng thc dao ng (Model of Vibration) Mt dng ca bin dng ngng vi mt
tn sut dao ng.
ng thu thng thng (Navigation Waterway) Mt ng thu c xp hng thng
thng bi cc ng sng Vit Nam hoc cc hnh hi Vit Nam.
Ti trng danh nh (Nominal Load) Mc ti trng thit k c la chntheo quy c.
t c kt thng thng (Normally Consolidated Soil) - t di p lc t ph ln hn l
hin hnh.
T l qu c kt (Overconsolidated Ratio) OCR = p lc c kt ln nht chia cho p
lc t ph.
p lc b ng (Passive Earth Pressure) p lc ngang do t chng li chuyn v
ngang v pha khi t ca kt cu hoc b phn kt cu.
Xe c php (Permit Vehicle) Xe bt k c php i l xe b hn ch mt cch no
theo trng lng hoc theo kch thc ca chng.
Ch s tin cy (Reliability Index) s nh gi bng s lng v mt an ton nh l
t s ca chnh lch ca sc khng bnh qun v hiu ng lc bnh qun vi lch
tiu chun t hp ca sc khng v hiu ng lc.
B rng lng ng (Roadway Width) Khong cch tnh gia cc ro chn hoc
va.
Nhit lp t (Setting Temperature) Nhit trung bnh ca kt cu dng
xc nh kch thc kt cu khi lp thm mt cu kin hoc khi lp t.
Ro chn lin tc v kt cu (Structurerally Continuous Barrie) Ro chn hoc
bt k b phn no ca n ch ngt khe ch ni mt cu.
Kt cu phn di (Substructure) B phn kt cu cu dm.
Kt cu phn trn (Superstructure) B phn kt cu cu vt nhp.
Ti trng cht thm (Surcharge) Ti trng c dng m hnh ho trng lng t
p hoc cc ti trng khc tc dng trn nh ca vt liu b ngn li.
Trc i (Tandem) Hai trc t st nhau thng c lin kt vi mt khung gm xe
phn b ti trng u nhau.
Gc ma st tng (Wall Friction Angle) Gc c arctg th hin ma st biu kin gia tng v khi t.
Bnh xe (Wheel) Mt hoc hai lp u trc xe.
AASHTO cu ng b

Dy bnh xe (Wheel Line) Mt nhm bnh xe theo chiu ngang hoc chiu dc.
3.3.
K hiu
3.3.1.
Tng qut
H s gia tc ng t (3.10.2).
At
=
(3.8.1.2.1).
Din tch ca kt cu hoc cu kin tnh p lc gi ngang (m 2)
Av
=
Din tch ca mt cu hoc cu kin tnh p lc gi thng ng
(m2) (3.8.2).
aB
Chiu di h hng mi s lan ch hng tiu chun (mm) (3.14.8).
as
Chiu rng h hng ca mi tu (mm) (3.14.6).
BR
Lc hm xe.
H s lc hm; Tng chiu rng cu (mm) (3.3.2), (3.8.1.2.1).
H s dng tnh lc ly tm (3.6.3).
CD
H s cn (S2N/mm4) (3.7.3.1).
CH
H s thu ng hc khi lng (3.14.4).
CL
H s cn ngang (3.7.3.2).
Cd
H s cn (S2N/mm4) (3.8.1.2.1).
Cn
H s vt mi tnh Fb (3.9.2.2).
Csm
=
(3.10.6.1).
H s p ng ng t n hi cho phng thc dao ng th m
Dnh kt n v (MPa) (3.11.5.4).
DE
Chiu dy ti thiu ca lp t ph (mm) (3.6.2.2).
DWT =
Kch c tu da trn tn trng ti (Mg) (3.14.2).
Chiu cao cu kin phn trn (mm) (3.8.1.2.1).
Gia tc trng trng (m/s2) (3.6.3).
Chiu cao cui cng ca tng chn (mm) (3.11.5.1).
HL
Chiu cao ca khi u s lan ti mi ca n (mm) (3.14.11.1).
Chiu cao danh nh ca s p lc t (mm) (3.11.5.7).
heq
Chiu cao tng ng ca t do ti trng xe (mm) (3.11.6.2).
IM=
Lc xung kch (3.6.1.2.5).
KE
Nng lng va tu thit k (joule) (3.14.4).
H s p lc t (3.11.6.2).
ka
H s p lc t ngang ch ng (3.11.5.1).
kh
H s p lc t ngang (3.11.5.1).
AASHTO cu ng b

ko
H s p lc t ngang trong trng thi ngh (3.11.5.1).
kp
H s p lc b ng (3.11.5.4).
ks
H s p lc t do hot ti (3.11.6.1).
LOA =
(3.14.2).
Tng chiu di ca tu hoc s lan bao gm tu y hoc ko (mm)
Khi lng ca tu (Mg) (3.14.4).
H s ln (3.6.1.1.2).
OCR =
T s qu c kt (3.11.5.2).
Ti trng bnh xe tp trung, ti trng (N) (3.6.1.2.5), (3.11.6).
Pa
=
p lc t biu kin (MPa), hp lc trn n v b rng tng (N/mm)
(3.11.5.6), (3.11.5.7).
PB
=
(3.14.8).
Lc va s lan do m u vo nhau gia mi x lan v vt cng (N)
PBH
Lc va tu gia mi tu v kt cu phn trn cng (N) (3.14.7.1).
PD
Ti trng gi ngang (KN) (3.8.2.1).
PDH
Lc va tu gia cabin tu v kt cu phn trn cng (N) (3.14.7.2).
PH
=
Thnh phn nm ngang ca lc trn n v chiu di tng do p lc t
(N/mm) (3.11.5.5).
PMT
Lc va tu gia ct tu v kt cu phn trn cng (N) (3.14.7).
PN
Thnh phn thng ng ca p lc gi (MPa) (3.8.1.4).
Pp
p lc t b ng (MPa) (3.11.5.4).
Ps
Lc va do m u vo nhau gia mi tu v vt cng (N) (3.14.5).
Pv
=
Lc gi thng ng (KN), thnh phn thng ng ca lc trn n v
chiu di tng do p lc dt (N/mm) (3.8.2), (3.11.5.5).
p
=
p lc dng chy; p lc t c bn; phn ca xe ti trng l n; cng
ti trng (MPa) (3.7.3.1);(3.11.5.1);(3.6.1.4.2);(3.11.6.1).
Q
Cng ti trng (N/mm) (3.11.6.1).
Ti trng ni chung (3.4.1).
qs
Hot ti tc dng ln nht (MPa) (3.1.6.1).
R
=
Bn knh cong, bn knh tr trn (mm); H s iu chnh p ng ng
t, c ly tia t im trn tng (3.6.3), (3.9.5), (3.10.7.1), (3.11.6.1).
RBH =
(3.14.7.1).
T s ca chiu cao kt cu phn trn l ra trn tng chiu cao mi tu
RDH
H s chit gim lc va cabin tu (3.14.7.2).
S
=
H s iu chnh i vi a hnh v chiu cao mt cu; H s lin
quan n iu kin ti ch xc nh ti trng ng dt (3.8.1.1), (3.5.10).
Tm
Chu k dao ng hng th m (s) (3.10.6.1).
AASHTO cu ng b

t
Chiu dy bn mt cu (mm) (3.12.3).
V
=
Vn tc nc thit k; Vn tc gi thit k; Tc va tu thit k (m/s)
(3.7.3.1), (3.8.1.1), (3.14.3).
VB
Vn tc gi c bn (m/s) (3.8.1.1).
Tc thit k ng t (m/s) (3.6.3).
Chiu rng tnh ca lng ng (mm) (3.6.1.1.1).
C ly ngang t lng tng n im t lc (mm) (3.11.6.1).
X1
C ly t lng tng n im u ca tuyn ti trng (3.11.6.1).
X2
Chiu di hot ti (mm) (3.11.6.1).
Z
=
Chiu cao di mt t; Chiu cao t mt t n mt im trn tng
ang xem xt; C ly thng ng t im t lc n cao im trn t ng ang
xem xt (mm) (3.11.5.4), (3.11.6.1).
z =
Chiu su di mt t (mm) (3.11.5.1).
= Gc gia tng mng v tng ni im ang xem xt trn tng v im gc y

b xa tng nht. () (3.11.6.1).
B =
Mi dc tng trng ca dc () (3.11.5.7).
= Ch s an ton, dc ca mt t lp pha sau tng chn () (3.4.1)

(3.11.5.3).
=
T trng ca vt liu, t trng ca t (kg/m 3) (3.5.1),(3.11.5.1).
s =
T trng c hiu ca t (kg/m3) (3.11.5.6).
EQ = H s ti trng i vi hot ti tc dng ng thi vi ti trng ng t (3.4.1).

eq =
T trng tng ng ca cht lng (kg/m3) (3.11.5.5).
1 =
H s ti trng (3.4.1).
p =
H s ti trng cho ti trng thng xuyn (3.4.1).
SE
H s ti trng cho ln (3.4.1).
TG = H s ti trng cho gradien nhit (3.4.1).

p =
p lc ngang khng i do hot ti ri u (MPa) (3.11.6.1).
ph = Phn b p lc ngang (MPa) (3.11.6.1).

= Gc ma st gia t lp v tng , gc gia mng v ng ni im ang xt
n tng v im gc y b gn tng nht () (3.11.5.3), (3.11.6.1).
=
iu chnh ti trng quy nh trong iu 1.3.2 (3.4.1).
= Gc gia hng gi, gc ca t lp tng so vi trc ng, gc gia hng dng

chy vi trc dc ca tr () (3.8.1.4),(3.11.5.3),(3.7.3.2).
=
H s poisson (DIM) (3.11.6.1), (3.11.5.3).
H s sc khng (3.4.1).
AASHTO cu ng b

f =
Gc ma st ni ca t thot nc () (3.11.5.2).
Gc ma st ni c bin () (3.11.5.3).
3.3.2.
Ti trng v tn ti trng.
Cc ti trng v lc thng xuyn v nht thi sau y c xem xt n :
Ti trng thng xuyn:
DD
Ti trng ko xung.
DC
Ti trng bn thn ca cc b phn kt cu v thit b ph phi kt cu
DW
Ti trng bn thn ca lp ph mt v tin ch cng cng.
EH
Ti trng p lc t nm ngang.
EL
Cc hiu ng b hm tch lu do thi cng.
ES
EV
Ti trng t cht thm.
p lc thng ng do ti trng t p.
Ti trng nht thi :
BR
Lc hm xe.
CE
Lc ly tm.
CR
T bin.
CT
Lc va xe.
CV
Lc va tu.
EQ
ng t.
FR
Ma st.
IM=
Lc xung kch (lc ng) ca xe.
LL=
Hot ti xe.
LS
PL
=
=
SE
Hot ti cht thm.
Ti trng ngi i.
=
Ln.
SH
Co ngt.
TG
Gradien nhit.
TU
Nhit u.
WA
Ti trng nc v p lc dng chy.
WL
Gi trn hot ti .
WS
Ti trng gi trn kt cu.
AASHTO cu ng b
3.4.
3.4.1.
Cc h s v t hp ti trng.
H s ti trng v t hp ti trng.
Tng hiu ng lc tnh ton phi c ly nh sau :

Q = i i Qi
(3.4.1-1).
Trong :
i =
H s iu chnh ti trng ly theo iu 1.3.2.
Qi =
Ti trng quy nh y.
i =
H s ti trng ly theo bng 1 v2.
Cc cu kin v cc lin kt ca cu phi tho mn phng trnh 1.3.2.1-1 cho cc t hp

thch hp ca cc hiu ng lc cc hn tnh ton c quy nh cho tng trng thi gii
hn sau y :
Trng thi gii hn cng I: T hp ti trng c bn lin quan n vic s dng

cho xe tiu chun ca cu khng xt n gi.
Trng thi gii hn cng II: T hp ti trng lin quan n cu chu gi vi vn

tc vt qu 25m/s.
Trng thi gii hn cng III: T hp ti trng lin quan n vic s dng xe tiu
chun ca cu vi gi c vn tc 25m/s.
Trng thi gii hn c bit : T hp ti trng lin quan n ng t, lc va

chm tu thuyn v xe c v n mt s hin tng thu lc vi hot ti chit
gim khc vi khi l mt phn ca ti trng xe va x, CT.
Trng thi gii hn s dng : T hp ti trng lin quan n khai thc bnh th ng
ca cu vi gi c vn tc 25m/s vi tt c cc ti trng ly theo gi tr danh
nh. Dng kim tra vng, b rng vt nt trong kt cu btng ct
thp v btng ct thp ng sut trc, chy do ca kt cu thp v trt ca cc
lin kt c nguy c trt do tc dng ca hot ti . T hp trng ti nycng cn c
dng kho st n nh mi dc.
Trng thi gii hn mi : t hp ti trng gy ra mi v t gy lin quan n hot

ti xe c trng phc v xung kch di tc dng ca mt xe ti n chic c s ly
trc c quy nh trong iu 3.6.2.4.1.
H s ti trng cho cc loi ti trng khc nhau bao gm mt t hp ti trng thit k c ly nh quy nh trong bng 1. Mi tp hp con tho ng ca cc t hp ti trng
phi c nghin cu. C th nghin cu thm cc t hp ti trng khc khi ch u t yu
cu hoc ngi thit k xt thy cn thit. i vi mi t hp ti trng c a vo tnh
ton v c lin quan n cu kin c thit k bao gm c cc hiu ng ng k do
tc dng ca xon, phi c nhn vi h s ti trng tng ng vi h s ln ly theo
iu 3.6.11.2 nu c th p dng. Kt qu c tng hp theo phng trnh 1.3.2.1-1 v
nhn vi h s iu chnh ti trng ly theo iu 1.3.2.
Cc h s phi chn sao cho sn sinh ra tng hiu ng lc tnh ton cc hn. i vi
mi t hp ti trng c cc hn m ln cc hn dng u phi c xem xt.
AASHTO cu ng b

Trong t hp ti trng nu tc dng ca mt ti trng lm gim tc dng ca mt ti
trng khc th phi ly gi tr nh nht ca ti trng lm gim gi tr ti trng kia. i vi
tc ng ca ti trng thng xuyn th h s ti trng gy ra ti t hp bt li hn phi
c la chn theo bng 2. Khi ti trng thng xuyn lm tng s n nh hoc lm tng
s chu ti ca mt cu kin hoc toang cu th tr s ti thiu ca h s ti trng
i vi ti trng thng xuyn ny cng cn c xem xt.
Tr s ln hn ca hai tr s quy nh cho h s ti trng Tu,CR,SH c dng tnh
bin dng, cn tr s nh hn dng cho cc tc ng khc.
Khi nh gi n nh tng th ca mi t c mng khng cn kho st trng thi
gii hn s dng da trn t hp ti trng s dng v mt h s sc khng ph hp. Thay
v thng tin tt hn h s sc khng c th ly nh sau :
Khi cc thng s a k thut c xc nh tt v mi dc khng chng hoc

cha cu kin .......... 0,85.
Khi cc thng s a k thut da trn thng tin c hn hoc mi dc cha hoc

chng cu kin .......... 0,65.
i vi cc cu kin hp dng bn ph hp vi cc quy nh ca iu 12.9, h s hot ti

i vi hot ti xe LL v IM ly bng 2,0.
Bng 3.4.1-1 T hp v h s ti trng .
T hp ti DC
LL
WA WS WL
FR
TU
TG SE Cng mt lc
trng trng DD IM
CR
ch dng mt
thi gii hn DW CE
SH
trong cc ti
EH
BR
trng .
EV
PL
EQ CT CV
ES
LS
EL
Cng I
1,75 1,00
1,00 0,5/1,2 TG SE
p
Cng II
1,00 1,40
1,00 0,5/1,2 TG SE
p
Cng III
1,35 1,00 0,40 1,00 1,00 0,5/1,2 TG SE
p
c bit
0,50 1,00
1,00
- 1,0 1,0 1,0
p
S dng
1,0 1,00 1,00 0,30 1,00 1,00 1,0/1,2 TG SE
Mi ch c
0,75
LL,IM, CE
Ghi ch :
1. Khi phi kim tra cu dng cho xe c bit do ch u t quy nh hoc xe
c giy php qua th h s ti trng ca hot ti trong t hp cng I c th
gim xung cn 1,35.
2. Cc cu c t l tnh ti trn hot ti rt cao (tc l cu nhp ln) cn kim tra
t hp khng c hot ti nhng vi h s ti trng bng 1,5 cho tt c cc kin
nng ti trng thng xuyn.
3. i vi cc cu vt sng, phi xt n nhng hu qu ca nhng thay i v
cc iu mng thay i do l thit k si cu cc trng thi gii hn cng
v s dng.
AASHTO cu ng b

4. i vi cc cu vt sng, khi kim tra cc hiu ng ti EQ,CT v CV trng thi
gii hn c bit th ti trng nc (WA) v chiu su si c th da trn l
trung bnh hng nm. Tuy nhin kt cu phi c kim tra v nhng hu qu
do nhng thay i v iu kin do l, kim tra si nhng trng thi gii hn
c bit v ti trng nc tng ng (WA) nhng khng c cc ti trng EQ,
CT,CV tc dng.
5. kim tra chiu rng vt nt trong kt cu btng ct thp ng sut trc
trng thi gii hn s dng h s ti trng ca hot ti c th gim xung cn
0,08.
6. kim tra kt cu thp trng thi gii hn s dng h s ti trng ca hot
ti phi tng ln 1,30.
Bng 3.4.1-2 H s ti trng dng cho ti trng thng xuyn Yp.
Loi ti trng
H s ti trng
Ln nht
DC : Cu kin v cc thit b ph
DD : Ko xung
DW : Lp ph mt cu v cc tin ch
EA : p lc ngang ca t
Ch ng
Ngh
EL : Cc ng sut lp rp b hm
EV : p lc t thng ng
n nh tng th
kt cu tng chn
kt cu vi cng
Khung cng
Kt cu vi mm khc vi cng hp thp
Cng hp thp mm
ES : Ti trng t cht thm
Nh nht
1,25
1,80
1,50
0,90
0,45
0,65
1,50
1,35
0,90
0,90
1,00
1,00
1,35
1,35
1,30
1,35
1,95
1,50
N/A
1,00
0,90
0,90
0,90
0,90
1,50
0,75
H s ti trng tnh cho gradien nhit TG v ln SE cn c xc nh trn c s mt

n ring. Nu khng c thng tin ring TG c th ly bng :
,0,0 cc trng thi gii hn cng v c bit.
1,0 trng thi gii hn s dng khi khng xt hot ti.
0,5 trng thi gii hn s dng khi xt n hot ti.
i vi cu xy dng phn on, phi xem xt t hp sau y trng thi gii hn s

dng :
DC + DW + EH + EV + ES + WA + CR + SH + TG + EL
AASHTO cu ng b
(3.4.1.2)
3.4.2.
H s ti trng dng cho ti trng thi cng.
H s ti trng dng cho ti trng kt cu v cc ph kin khng c ly nh hn 1,25.

Tr khi c quy nh khc ca ch u t, h s ti trng cho cc ti trng thi cng cho
cc thit b v cc tc ng xung kch khng c ly nh hn 1,5. H s ti trng gi
khng c ly nh hn 1,25. H s ti trng khc phi ly bng 1,0.
3.4.3.
H s ti trng dng cho lc kch v lc ko sau.
3.4.3.1.
Lc kch.
Tr khi c quy nh khc ca ch u t, lc kch thit k trong khai thc khng c

nh hn 1,3 ln phn lc gi lin kt vi im kch do ti trng thng xuyn.
Khi kch dm m khng ngng giao thng th lc khch cn phi xt n phn lc do
hot ti ph hp vi k hoch duy tr giao thng nhn vi h s ti trng i vi hot ti.
3.4.3.2.
Lc i vi vng neo ko sau.
Lc thit k i vi vng neo ko sau phi ly bng 1,2 ln lc kch ln nht.
3.5.
3.5.1.
Ti trng thng xuyn.

Tnh ti DC, DW,EV.
Tnh ti bao gm trng lng ca tt c cu kin ca kt cu, ph kin v tin ch

cng cng km theo, trng lng t ph, trng lng mt cu, d phng ph b v m
rng.
Khi khng c s kiu chnh xc c th ly t trng nh bng 1 tnh tnh ti.
Bng 3.5.1-1 T trng.
Vt liu
Hp kim nhm
Lp ph btng atpha
X than
Ct cht, ph xa hay t st
Nh
Btng
Ct nh
Thng
Ct ri, ph xa, si
t st mm
Si, cui, macadam, balat
Thp
xy
Nc
Ngt
Mn
3.5.2.
T trng (kg/m3)
2800
2250
960
1925
1775
1925
2400
1600
1600
2250
7850
2725
1000
1025
Ti trng t EH, ES, DD.
p lc t, ti trng ph gia trong t, ti trng ko xung (down drag) c xc nh

trong iu 3.11.
AASHTO cu ng b
3.6.
3.6.1.
Hot ti .
Ti trng trng lc LL v PL.
3.6.1.1.
Hot ti xe.
3.6.1.1.1. S ln xe thit k.
S ln xe thit k c xc nh bi phn s nguyn ca t s w/3500, y w l b
rng tnh ca lng ng gia hai va hoc hai ro chn, n v l mm.Cn phi
xt n kh ngng thay i trong tng lai hoc chc nng ca b rng tnh ca lng
ngca cu.
Trong trng hp b rng ln xe nh hn 3500mm th s ln thit k ly bng s ln
giao thng v b rng l xe thit k phi ly bng b rng ln giao thng.
Lng ng rng t 6000mm n 7200mm phi c hai ln xe thit k, mi ln bng
mt na b rng lng ng.
3.6.1.1.2. H s ln.
Nhng quy nh ca iu ny khng c p dng cho trng thi gii hn mi, trong trng
hp ch dng vi mt xe ti thit k, bt k s ln xe thit k. Khi dng h s phn
phi ca mt alnf n nh trong iu 4.6.2.2 v 4.6.2.3, khc vi quy tc n by v phng php tnh hc, hiu ng lc phi c chia cho 1,2.
Hiu ng lc cc hn ca hot ti phi xc nh bng cch coi mi t hp c th ca s
ln chu ti nhn vi s tng ng trong bng 1.
H s trong bng 1 khng c p dng kt hp vi h s phn b ti trng gn ng
quy nh trong iu 4.6.2.2 v 4.6.2.3, tr khi dng quy tc n by hoc khi c yu
cu ring cho cc dm ngoi cng trong cu dm bn quy nh nh trong iu 6.2.2.2d
th c p dng.
Bng 3.6.1.1.2.1 H s ln m.
S ln cht ti
3.6.1.1.3. H s ln m
1
2
3
>3
3.6.1.2.
1,20
1,00
0,85
0,65
Hot ti xe t thit k.
3.6.1.2.1. Tng qut.

Hot ti xe t trn mt cu hay kt cu ph tr c t tn l HL- 93 s gm mt t
hp ca :
Xe ti thit k hoc hai trc thit k.
Ti trng ln thit k.
AASHTO cu ng b

Tr trng hp c iu chnh trong iu 3.6.1.3.1, mi ln thit k c xem xt phi
c b tr hoc xe ti thit k hoc tandem chng vi ti trng ln khi p dng c. Ti
trng c gi thit chim 3000mm theo chiu ngang trong mt ln thit k.
Cc cu c t nht hai ln xe v c thit k cho ti trng HL-93 theo tiu chun ny
c coi l chu c ti trng qun s XB80 trng thi gii hn cng I. Tuy nhin s
lm vic ca kt cu tho mn trng thi gii hn hay s dng th khng chc chn,
nht l i vi nhp nh.
3.6.1.2.2. Xe ti thit k
Trng lng v khong cch cc trc v bnh xe ca ti thit k phi ly theo hnh 1, lc
xung kch phi ly theo iu 3.6.2.
Tr quy nh trong iu 3.6.1.3.1 v 3.6.1.4.1 c ly gia hai trc 145.000N phi thay
i gia 4300 v 9000mm gy ra hiu ng lc ln nht.
i vi cc cu trn cc tuyn ng cp IV v thp hn, ch u t c th xc nh ti
trng trc cho trong hnh 1 nhn vi h s 0,50 hoc 0,65.
35KN
4.3m
145KN
4.3 t i 9.0m
145KN
600mm
Ni chung
mt tha ca mt cu
1800mm
Ln thit k 3.6m
Hnh 3.6.1.2.2-1 c trng ca xe ti thit k .
3.6.1.2.3. Xe hai trc thit k.

Xe hai trc gm mt cp trc 110.000N cch nhau 1200mm. C ly chiu ngang ca cc
bnh xe ly bng 1800mm. Ti trng ng cho php ly theo iu 3.6.2.
i vi cc cu trn tuyn ng cp IV vag thp hn, ch u t c th xc nh ti
trng trc kp ni trn nhn vi h s 0,50 hoc 0,65.
3.6.1.2.4. Ti trng ln thit k.

Ti trng ln thit k gm ti trng 9,3N/mm phn b u theo chiu dc. Theo chiu
ngang cu c gi thit phn b u trn chiu rng 3000mm. Hiu ng lc ca ti
trng ln thit k khng xt lc xung kch.
3.6.1.2.5. Din tch tip xc ca lp xe.

Din tch tip xc ca mt bnh xe c mt hay hai lp c gi thit l mt hnh ch
nht c chiu rng l 510mm v chiu di tnh bng mm ly nh sau :
IM
L = 2,28 10 3 1 +
P
100
AASHTO cu ng b

Trong :
=
H s ti trng
IM=
Lc xung kch tnh bng phn trm.
P =
725000N cho xe ti thit k v 55000N cho xe hai trc thit k.
p lc lp xe c gi thit l phn b u trn din tch tip xc. p lc lp xe gi thit

phn b nh sau :
Trn b mt lin tc phn b u trn din tch tip xc quy nh.
Trn b mt b gin on phn b u trn din tch tip xc thc t trong phm vi
vt xe vi p sut tng theo t s ca din tch quy nh trn din tch tip xc thc
t.
3.6.1.2.6. Phn b ti trng bnh xe qua t p.

Khi b dy lp t p nh hn 600mm th c th b qua nh hng ca t p
n s phn b ti trng bnh xe. S phn b hot ti ln nh cng c th ly theo
quy nh trong iu4.6.2.1 v 4.6.3.2 cho bn mt cu bt song song vi chiu xe
chy.
Thay cho vic phn tch chnh xc hn hoc dng cc phng php phn tch gn
ng c chp nhn khc v phn b ti trng c quy nh trong iu 12, khi b
dy t p ln hn 600mm ti trng bnh xe c th c coi l phn b u trn hnh
ch nht c cnh ly bng kch thc tip xc ca lp quy nh trong iu 3.6.1.2.5 v
tng ln hoc 1,15 ln b dy lp ph bng cp phi chn lc, hoc bng b dy lp
ph trong cc trng hp khc. Phi p dng nhng quy nh trong iu 3.6.1.1.2 v
3.6.1.3.
Khi cc vng phn b c nhiu bnh xe chp vo nhau th tng ti trng phi c phn
b u trn din tch .
i vi cng mt nhp chiu dy lp t p ln hn 2400mm v ln hn chiu di
nhp c th b qua tc dng ca hot ti khi b dy ca t p ln hn khong cch
gia b mt ca cc tng u cng.
Khi mmen trong bn btng do hot ti v lc xung kch da trn s phn b ca ti
trng bnh xe qua t p ln hn mmen do hot ti bnh xe v lc xung kch c
tnh theo cc iu 4.6.2.1 v 4.6.3.2 phi dng mmen trong trng hp sau.
3.6.1.3.
Tc dng ca hot ti xe thit k.
3.6.1.3.1. 3.6.1.3.1 Tng qut.

Tr khi c quy nh khc, hiu ng lc ln nht phi c ly theo gi tr ln hn ca cc
trng hp sau :
Hiu ng ca xe hai trc thit k t hp vi hiu ng ti trng ln thit k .
Hiu ng ca mt xe ti thit k c c ly trc bnh thay i nh trong iu 3.6.1.2.2 t
hp vi hiu ng ca ti trng ln thit k.
i vi cc mmen m gia cc im un ngc chiu khi chu ti trng ri u trn cc
nhp v ch i phn lc gi gia th ly 90% hiu ng ca hai xe ti thit k c
AASHTO cu ng b

khong cch trc bnh trc xe ny n trc bnh sau xe kia l 15000mm t hp 90%
hiu ng ca ti trng ln thit k ; khong cch gia cc trc 145KN ca mt xe ti
phi ly bng 4300mm.
C ti trng ln v v tr ca b rng 3000mm ca mi ln phi t sao cho gy ra
hiu ng lc ln nht. Xe ti thit k hoc xe hai bnh thit k phi b tr trn chiu
ngang sao cho tim ca bt k ti trng bnh xe no cng khng gn hn :
Khi thit k bn mt tha : 300mm tnh t mp va hay lan can.
Khi thit k cc b phn khc : 600mm tnh t mp ln xe thit k.
Tr khi c quy nh khc, chiu di ca ln xe thit k hoc mt phn ca n m

gy ra hiu ng lc ln nht phi c cht ti trng ln thit k.
3.6.1.3.2. Cht ti nh gi vng ca hot ti tu .

Nu ch u t yu cu vng ca hot ti tu theo iu 2.5.2.6.2 th vng phi
ly ln hn ca :
kt qu tnh ton do ch mt mnh xe ti thit k.
Kt qu tnh ton ca 25% ca xe ti thit k cng vi ti trng ln thit k.
3.6.1.3.3. Ti trng thit k dng cho mt cu, h mt cu v bn

nh ca cng hp.
Nhng quy nh trong iu ny khng c p dng cho mt cu c thit k theo
quy nh ca iu 9.7.2, phng php thit k theo kinh nghim.
Khi bn mt cu v bn nh ca cng hp c thit k theo phng php di gn
ng theo iu 4.6.2.1 th cc hiu ng lc phi c xc nh trn c s :
Khi cc di c bn l ngang v nhp khng vt qu 4600mm cc di ngang phi c thit k theo cc bnh xe ca trc 145000N.
Khi cc di c bn l ngang v nhp khng vt qu 4600mm cc di ngang phi c thit k theo cc bnh xe ca trc 145000N v ti trng ln.
Khi cc di c bn l dc cc di ngang phi c thit k theo tt c cc ti

trng quy nh trong iu 3.6.1.2 bao gm c ti trng ln.
Khi bn mt cu v bn nh ca cng hp c thit k theo phng php di gn

ng theo iu 4.6.2.1 th phi thit k vi :
Cc bnh xe ca trc 145KN ca xe ti thit k khi cc di l ngang.
Tt c cc ti trng nh quy nh trong iu 3.6.1.2 bao gm c ti trng ln khi

cc di l dc.
Khi dng phng php phn tch chnh xc phi xt tt c ti trng quy nh trong iu
3.6.1.2 bao gm c ti trng ln.
H mt cu bao gm c cu bn phi c thit k vi tt c cc hot ti quy nh
trong iu 3.6.1.2 bao gm ti trng ln.
AASHTO cu ng b

Ti trng bnh xe phi c gi thit l bng nhau trong phm mt n v trc xe v s
tng ti trng bnh xe do cc lc ly tm v lc hm khng cn a vo tnh ton bn mt
cu.
3.6.1.3.4. Ti trng bn mt tha.

Khi thit k bn mt cu mt tha vi chiu di mt tha khng qu 1800mm tnh t
trc tim ca dm ngoi cng n mt ca lan can btng lin tc v kt cu, ti trng
bnh xe dy ngoi cng c th c thay bng mt ti trng tuyn phn b u vi cng
14,6N/mm t cch b mt lan can 300mm.
Ti trng ngang ln bn mt tha do lc va ca tu vi ro chn phi ph hp vi quy
nh ca phn 13.
3.6.1.4.
Ti trng mi.
3.6.1.4.1. ln v hnh th.

Ti trng tnh mi l mt xe ti thit k hoc l cc trc ca n c quy nh trong
iu 3.6.1.2.2 nhng vi khong cch l khng i l 9000mm gia cc trc 145000N.
Lc xung kch quy nh trong iu 3.6.2 phi c p dng cho ti trng tnh ton mi.
3.6.1.4.2. Tn s.
Tn s ca ti trng tnh mi phi c ly theo lu lng xe ti trung bnh ngy ca ln xe
n (ADTTSL). Tn s ny phi c p dng cho tt c cc cu kin ca cu, d cho
chng nm di ln xe c s xe t hn.
Khi thiu cc thng tin y th ADTT ca ln xe n phi c ly nh sau :
ADTTSL = pADTT.
(3.6.1.4.2-1)
Trong :
ADTT
k.
S xe ti /ngy theo mt chiu tnh trung bnh trong tui th thit
ADTTSL
thit k.
S xe ti /ngy trong mt ln xe n tnh trung bnh trong tui th
Ly theo bng 1.
Bng 3.6.1.4.2-1 Phn s xe ti trong mt ln xe n,p.

S ln xe c gi tr cho xe ti
1
2
3
p
1,00
0,85
0,80
3.6.1.4.3. Phn b ti trng khi tnh mi.

3.6.1.4.3a Cc phng php chnh xc.
Khi cu c tnh ton theo bt k phng php chnh xc no c quy nh trong iu
4.6.3 th mt xe ti n chic phi c b tr theo chiu ngang v chiu dc sao cho
AASHTO cu ng b

phm vi ng sut trng chi tit ang xt l ln nht, bt k v tr dng xe hay ln xe
thit k trn mt cu.
3.6.1.4.3b Cc phng php gn ng.

Khi cn c tnh ton theo s phn b gn ng ca ti trng nh quy nh trong iu
4.6.2 phi s dng h s phn b cho ln xe.
3.6.1.5.
Ti trng b hnh.
i vi tt c cc ng b hnh rng hn 600mm th phi ly ti trng ngi i b bng

310-3Mpa v phi tnh ng thi cng hot ti xe thit k.
i vi cu ch dnh cho ngi i b hoc i xe p phi thit k vi hot ti 4103
Mpa.
Khi ng b hnh, cu cho ngi i b hoc i xe p c dng dng xe bo dng
hoc xe ngu nhin th cc ti trng ny pha c xt trong thit k. Lc xung kch
ca cc loi xe ny khng cn phi xt.
3.6.2.
Lc xung kch : IM.
3.6.2.1.
Tng qut.
Tr cho php trong iu 3.6.2.2, tc ng tnh hc ca xe ta hay xe hai trc thit k

khng k lc ly tm v lc hm, phi c tng thm mt t l phn trm c quy nh
trong bng 1 cho kc xung kch.
H s p dng cho ti trng tnh hc c ly bng : Lc xung kch khng c p dng
cho ti trng b hnh hoc ti trng ln thit k.
Bng 3.6.2.1-1 Lc xung kch IM.
Cu kin
IM
Mi ni bn cu
75%
Tt c cc trng thi gii hn

Tt c cc cu kin khc
Trng thi gii hn mi v gin
15%
Tt c cc trng thi gii hn khc
25%
Tc ng ca lc xung kch i vi tt c cc cu kin vi trong t nh trong phn 12

phi ly theo iu 3.6.2.2.
Khng cn xt lc xung kch i vi :
Tng chn khng chu phn lc phn lc t kt cu phn trn.
Thnh phn mng nm hon ton di mt t.
Lc xung kch c th c chit gim cho cc cu kin t mi ni, Nu kim tra

cn c theo cc quy nh ca iu 4.7.2.1.
AASHTO cu ng b
3.6.2.2.
Cu kin vi.
Lc xung kch tnh bng phn trm i vi cng v cc cu kin vi trong t nu trong
phn 12 phi ly nh sau :
IM =33(1,0 4,110-4DE) 0% (3.6.2.2-1).
Trong :
DE =
Chiu dy ti thiu ca lp t ph trn kt cu.
3.6.3.
Lc ly tm.
Lc ly tm c ly bng tch s ca cc trng lng trc ca xe ti hay xe hai trc vi h

s C ly nh sau :
C=
4v 2
3 gR
(3.6.3-1).
Trong :
v =
Tc thit k ng t (m/s).
g =
Gia tc trng lc 9,807 (m/s2)
R =
Bn knh cong ca ln xe (m)
Tc thit k ng b khng c nh hn tr s quy nh trong tiu chun thit k

ng b.
Phi p dng h s ln quy nh trong iu3.6.1.1.2.
Lc ly tm tc dng theo phnh nm ngang cch pha trn mt ng 1800mm.
3.6.4.
Lc hm BR.
Lc hm c ly bng 25% trng lng ca cc trc xe ti hay xe hai trc thit k cho mi
ln c t trong tt c cc ln thit k c cht ti theo iu 3.6.1.1.1 v coi nh i
cng mt chiu. Cc lc ny c coi nh tc dng theo chiu nm ngang cch pha trn
mt ng 1800mm theo c hai chiu dc gy ra hiu ng lc ln nht. Tt c cc
ln thit k phi c cht ti ng thi i vi cu v coi nh i cng mt chiu trong tng lai.
Phi p dng h s ln quy nh trong iu 3.6.1.1.2.
3.6.5.
Lc va ca xe CT.
3.6.5.1.
Bo v kt cu.
Nhng quy nh trong iu 3.6.5.2 khng tun th nu cng trnh c bo v bi :
Nn p.
Kt cu ro chn c lp cao 1370mm chu c va chm trong t, t trong

phm cch b phn cn c bo v l 3000mm.
Ro chn cao 1070mm t cch b phn cn bo v hn 3000mm.
AASHTO cu ng b

nh gi min tr ny, barie phi tng ng v cu to v hnh hc vi mc ngn
chn L3 quy nh trong phn 13.
3.6.5.2.
Xe c v tu ho va vo kt cu.
Tr khi c bo v nh quy nh trong iu 3.6.5.1, m tr t trong phm vi cch

mp lng ng b 9000mm hay trong phm vi 1.800.000N tc dng bt k hng no
trong mt phng nm ngang cch mt t 1200mm.
Phi p dng cc quy nh trong iu 2.3.2.2-1
3.6.5.3.
Xe c va vo ro chn.
Phi p dng cc quy nh phn 13.
3.7.
3.7.1.
Ti trng nc : WA.
p lc tnh.
p lc tnh ca nc c gi thit l tc ng thng gc vi mt cn nc. p lc c tnh

ton bng tch ca chiu cao mt nc pha trn im ang tnh nhn vi t trng ca
nc v gia tc trng trng.
Mc nc thit k trong trng thi gii hn cng v s dng phi tng ng vi mc l
thit k cho si. Mc nc thit k cho trng thi gii hn c bit phi tng ng vi mc
l kim tra si tr c ghi trong trong ghi ch 4 ca bng 3.4.1-1
3.7.2.
Lc y.
Lc y ca nc l mt lc y ngc c ly bng tng ca cc thnh phn thng

ng ca p lc tnh c xc nh trong iu 3.7.1 tc dng ln tt c cc bo phn
nm di mc nc thit k.
3.7.3.
p lc dng chy.
3.7.3.1.
Theo chiu dc.
p lc nc chy tc dng theo chiu dc ca kt cu phn di phi c tnh theo

p = 5,1410-4CD.V2
(3.7.3.1-1).
Trong :
p =
p lc ca nc chy (MPa).
CD =
H s cn ca tr ly theo bng 1.
V =
Vn tc nc thit k tnh theo l thit k cho xi trng thi gii hn

cng v s dng v theo l kim tra si khi tnh theo trng thi gii
hn c bit (tr khi ghi trong ghi ch 4 bng 3.4.1-1).
Bng 3.7.3.1-1 H s cn.

Loi hnh
Tr u trn
Tr u vung
AASHTO cu ng b
CD
0,7
1,4

Tr c t rc
1,4
Tr u nhn gc nhn 900 hoc nh hn
0,8
Lc cn dc c tnh bng tch ca p lc dng chy dc nhn vi hnh chiu ca
din tch mt hng ca tr.
3.7.3.2.
Theo chiu ngang.
p lc ngang phn b u trn kt cu phn di do dng chy lch vi chiu dc ca

tr mt gc c ly bng :
p = 5,1410-4CL.V2 (3.7.3.2-1).
Trong :
P
=
p lc theo chiu ngang (MPa).
CL
=
H s cn theo chiu ngang ly theo bng 1
H-
g
n
n
d
h
gc
.
y
Trc dc ca tr.
Hnh 3.7.3.2-1 Mt bng tr th hin p lc dng chy.

Bng 3.7.3.2 1 H s cn theo chiu ngang.
Gc gia hng dng chy v
trc dc ca tr
00
50
100
200
300
CL
0,0
0,5
0,7
0,9
1,0
Lc cn ngang c tnh bng tch ca p lc dng chy theo chiu ngang nhn vi
din tch l ra ca n.
3.7.4.
Ti trng sng.
Tc ng ca sng ln kt cu c xt cho nhng kt cu l ra khi s pht trin ca

lc sng ln c th xut hin.
3.7.5.
S bin i trong mng do tc dng ca trng thi gii hn si.
Phi p dng nhng quy nh trong iu 2.6.4.4.

Nhng hi qu ca s thay i iu kin ca mng do tc dng ca k thit k cho
si phi c xt n trng thi gii hn cng v s dng.
AASHTO cu ng b

Nhng hu qu ca s thay i iu kin ca mng do tc dng ca l kim tra si
cu phi c xt n trng thi gii hn c bit, tr khi c ghi trong ghi ch 4 bng
3.4.1-1.
3.8.
3.8.1.
Ti trng gi.
Ti trng gi ngang.
3.8.1.1.
Tng qut.
Mc ny quy nh ti trng gi nm ngang tc dng vo cc cng trnh cu thng thng. i vi cc kt cu nhp ln hay kt cu nhp nhy cm vi gi nh cu treo, cu
dy vng cn c nhng kho st nghin cu c bit v mi trng kh hu i vi gi
v th nghim trong cc tunen gi xc nh cc tc ng ca gi trong thit k.
Ngoi ra phi xem xt trng thi lm vic kh ng hc ca cc kt cu theo cc yu
cu ca iu 3.8.3.
Tc gi thit k V phi c xc nh theo cng thc :
V = VB.S (3.8.1.1-1).
Trong :
VB =
Tc gi git c bn trong 3 giy vi chu k xut hin 100 nm thch

hp vi vng tnh gi c t cu ang nghin cu, nh quy nh trong
bng 1.
S =
H s iu chnh vi khu t chu gi v cao mt cu theo quy nh

trong bng 2.
Bng 3.8.1.1-1 Cc gi tr ca VB cho cc vng tnh gi Vit Nam.

Vng tnh gi theo TCVN
VB (m/s)
2737-1995
38
3.8.1.1.1. I
II
III
IV
45
53
59
tnh gi trong qu trnh lp rp, c th nhn cc gi tr V B trong bng 1 vi h s

0,85.
Bng 3.8.1.1-2 Cc gi tr ca S.
cao ca mt cu
Khu vc l
trn mt t khu
thin hay mt
vc xung quanh hay
nc thong
trn mt nc (m)
10
1,09
20
1,14
30
1,17
40
1,20
50
1,21
AASHTO cu ng b
Khu vc c rng hay

c nh ca vi cy ci,
nh cao ti a khong
10m
1,00
1,06
1,10
1,13
1,16
Khu vc c nh ca
vi a s nh cao
trn 10m
0,81
0,89
0,94
0,98
1,01
3.8.1.2.
Ti trng gi tc ng ln cng trnh WS.
3.8.1.2.1. Ti trng gi ngang.

Ti trng gi ngang PD phi c ly theo chiu tc dng nm ngang v t ti trng
tm ca cc phn din tch thch hp, v c tnh nh sau :
PD = 0,0006.V2.At.Cd 1,8At (KN) (3.8.1.2.1-1).
Trong :
V =
Tc thit k xc nh theo phng trnh 3.8.1.1-1 (m/s).
At =
din tch ca kt cu hay cu kin phi tnh ti trng gi ngang (m 2).
Cd =
H s cn c quy nh trong hnh 1.
Din tch kt cu hay cu kin ang xt phi l din tch c chiu ln mt tr c

vung gc , trong trng thi khng c hot ti tc dng. Vi cc iu kin sau y:
i vi kt cu phn trn (KCPT) c lan can c, din tch KCPT phi bao gm
din tch ca lan can c hng gi, khng cn xt n nh hng ca lan can
khng hng gi.
i vi KCPT co lan can h, ti trng ton b phi c ly bng tng ti trng tc

dng ln KCPT, khi phi xt n lan can hng v khng hng gi ring r
tng loi. Nu c hn hai lan can ch xt n lan can no c nh hng ln nht
v phng din khng che chn.
i v cc tr khng xt mt che chn.
H s cn Cd phi c tnh theo cc phng php sau :
i vi KCPT c mt trc c, khi kt cu quy i c cc mp cnh dc ng v

khng c gc vut y ng k v kh ng phi ly Cng theo hnh 1, trong :
b
ton b ca cu gia cc b mt lan can (mm).
Chiu
rng
d
KCPT bao gm c lan can c nu c (mm) .
Chiu
cao
i vi KCPT dn, lan can v KCPD phi ly lc gi vi tng cu kin vi cc gi t

Cd theo TCVN 2737-1995 hoc theo ti liu khc c ch u t duyt.
i vi KCPT khc, phi xc nh Cd trong bung th tunen gi.
Ghi ch dng cho hnh3.8.1.2.1-1 :

0. Cc gi tr cho trong hnhda trn gi thit l mt hng gi thng ng v
gi tc dng nm ngang.
1. Nu mt hng gi xin vi mt vi mt thng ng, h s cn C d c th c
gim i 0,5% c mi xin so vi mt ng v ti a c gim 30%.
2. Nu mt hng gi c phn ng ln phn dc hoc hai phn dc nghing
vi gc khc nhau, ti trng gi phi c ly nh sau :
3. H s cn c bn Cd tnh vi chiu cao ton b kt cu.
AASHTO cu ng b

4. i vi tng mt ng h s cn c tnh trn c gim theo ghi ch 2.
5. Tnh ti trng gi tng cng bng h s cn thch hp cho cc din tng ng.
6. Nu KCPT c nng cao, phi ly Cd tng ln 3% cho mi nghing so vi ng nm ngang, nhng khng qu 25%.
7. Nu KCPT chu gi xin khng qu 5 0 so vi hng nm ngang, phi tng C d ln
15%. Nu gc xin vt qu 50 phi chia h s cn cho h s theo th nghim.
Nu KCPT c nng cao ng thi chu gi xin, phi ly h s cnr theo kt qu kho
st c bit.
3.8.1.2.2. Ti trng gi dc.

i vi m, tr, KCPT l dn hay cc dng khc c mt b mt cn gi ln song song vi
tim dc ca kt cu th phi xt n ti trng gi dc. Phi tnh ti trng gi dc theo
tng t vi ti trng gi ngang theo iu 3.8.1.2.1.
i vi KCPT c mt trc c, ti trng gi ly bng 0,25 ln ti trng gi ngang theo
iu 3.8.1.2.1.
Cc ti trng gi dc v ngang phi cho tc dng trong tng trng hp t ti ring r,
nu thy thch hp th kt cu phi kim ton bng hp lc ca gi xt n nh h ng
ca cc gc hng gi trung gian (khng vung gc).
3.8.1.3.
Ti trng gi tc dng ln xe c : WL.
Khi xt t hp ti trng cng III, phi xt ti trng gi tc dng vo c hai kt cu v

xe c. Phi biu th ti trng ngang ca gi ln xe c bng ti trng phn b 1,5KN/m,
tc dng theo hng nm ngang, ngang vi tim dc kt cu v t 1800mm trn mt
ng.
Phi biu th gi dc ln xe c bng ti trng phn b 0,75KN/m tc dng nm ngang,
song song vi tim dc kt cu v t 1800mm trn mt ng. Phi truyn ti trng
cho kt cu mi trng hp.
Phi t ti l gi ngang v dc ln xe c cho tng trng hp t ti ring r, nu thch
hp phi kim ton cho kt cu bng hp lc gi c xt n nh hng ca cc gc hng
gi trung gian.
3.8.2.
Ti trng gi thng ng.
Phi ly ti trng gi thng ng P V tc dng vo trng tm ca din tch thch hp

theo cng thc :
PV = 0,00045.V2.AV (KN)
(3.8.2-1).
Trong :
V =
Tc gi thit k c xc nh theo phng trnh 3.8.1.1-1 (m/s).
AV =
din tch ca mt cu hay cu kin dng tnh ton ti trng gi

thng ng (m2)
AASHTO cu ng b

Ch tnh ti trng ny cho cc trng thi gii hn khng lin quan n gi ln hot ti, v
ch tnh khi ly hng gi vung gc vi trc dc ca cu. Phi t ti lc gi thng
ng cng vi lc gi nm ngang quy nh theo iu 3.8.1.
C th dng phng trnh 1 vi iu kin gc nghinng ca gi tc dng vo kt cu t
hn 50 ; nu vt qu 50 h s nng bc phi ch xc nh bng th nghip
3.8.3.
Mt n nh n hi kh ng.
3.8.3.1.
Tng qut.
hiu ng lc kh ng phi c xem xt trong thit k cc cu v b phn nhy cm

vi gi. i vi mc ivhs ca iu ny, cc cu v cc b phn kt cu ca n c t l
chiu di nhp v chiu rng hoc chiu dy vt qu 30mm c ci l nhy cm vi
gi.
Dao ng ca dy cp do cng tc dng ca gi ma cng phi c xem xt.
3.8.3.2.
Hin tng n hi kh ng.
Phi xt n hin tng n hi kh ng ca kch thch gi xoy, rung ng, rung

ngang hay lch khi ph hp.
3.8.3.3.
kim tra p ng ng.
Cu v cc b phn kt cu ca n bao gm c dy cp phi dc thit k bo m

khng b hng do mi do tc dng ca giao ng do gi xoy hay git. Cu phi c
thit k khng b xon vn v chu c giao ng ngang gy thm ho khi c gi vi
vn tc ln hn 1,2 ln vn tc thit k c th tc ng n chiu cao mt cu.
3.8.3.4.
Th nghim tunen gi.
C th dng cc th nghim tunen gi tiu biu tho mn cc yu cu ca cc iu

3.8.3.2 v 3.8.3.3.
3.9.
Khng dng.
3.10. Hiu ng ng t : EQ.

3.10.1.
Tng qut.
Ti trng ng t phi c ly bng hiu ng lc nm ngang c xc nh ph hp cc

quy nh ca iu 4.7.4 trn c s h s p ng n hi C sm c quy nh trong
iu 3.10.6 v trng lng tng ng ca kt cu phn trn v c chnh l bng h s
iu chnh p ng quy nh trong iu 3.10.7.1.
Nhng quy nh y c p dng vi kt cu phn trn dng bn, dm lp rp, dm
hp v dn thng thng vi nhp khng vt qu 150.000mm th ch u t phi xc nh
hoc chp nhn nhng quy nh thch hp. Tr khi c quy nh khc ca ch u t,
cc quy nh ny khng p dng cho nhng cng trnh hon ton n du.
i vi cng hp v nhng cng trnh n du khng cn xt n hiu ng ng t
tr trng hp cng trinhf i qua vng t gy ang hot ng.
AASHTO cu ng b

Phi xt n kh nng t b ho lng v cc dc trt.
3.10.2.
H s gia tc.
Khi p dng cc quy nh ny h s A phi c xc nh t biu ng tr trong

hnh 1 khi v tr cng trnh nm gia hai ng ng tr hoc gia mt ng ng
tr v mt im ti a hoc ti thiu phi ni suy tuyn tnh.
Phi tin hnh nhng nghin cu ring do chuyn gia gii thc hin xc nh cc h
s gia tc ring theo v tr v kt cu nu tn ta bt k mt iu kin no di y :
V tr gn mt t gy ang hot ng.
C th c nhng ng t ko di trong vng.
Do tm quan trng ca cu cn xt nmt chu k ph ra di hn (chu k ti

xt hin).
Tc ng ca cc iu kin t ti ch c xt trong iu 3.10.5.

Hnh 3.10.2-1 Cc h s gia tc cho Vit Nam.
3.10.3.
Cc mc quan trng.
V mc ch ca iu 3.10, ch u t phi xp loi cu v mt trong ba mc

quan trng nh sau :
Cc cu c bit quan trng.
Cc cu thit yu.
Cc cu thng thng.
C s xp loi phi bao gm cc yu cu v x hi s sng cn v an ninh quc

phng. Trong vic phn loi cu cn xt n nhng thay i c th cn trong tng
lai v cc iu kin v cc yu cu.
3.10.4.
Vng ng t.
Mi cu phi c xp vo mt trong bn vng ng t ph hp trong bng 1.

Bng 3.10.4-1 Vng ng t.
H s gia tc
A0,09
0,09A0,19
A > 0,19
3.10.5.
Vng ng t
1
2
3
Tc ng thc a.
3.10.5.1.
Tng qut.
Tc ng ca thc a phi c a vo trong vic xc nh cc ti trng ng t cho

cu.
H s thc a S quy nh trong bng 1 phi da trn loi t c xc nh trong cc
iu 3.10.5.2 n 3.10.5.5.
AASHTO cu ng b

Bng 3.10.5.1-1 H s thc a
H s thc
a
I
S
1,0
Loi t
II
1,2
III
1,5
IV
2,0
nhng v tr cng trnh khng bit y chi tit v tnh cht ca t xc

nh loi t, hoc khi t khng khp vi mt trong bn loi th h s thc a phi
ly theo loi II.
3.10.5.2.
Loi t I.
t c xp vo loi I gm :
cc loi hoc l st dng kt tinh
cng c b dy nh hn 60.000mm v t ph trn nn l ct, si cui st

cng trm tch n nh.
3.10.5.3.
t loi II.
t dnh cng hoc t ri su c b dy vt qua 60.000mm v loi t ph trn nn

l ct, si cui hay st cng trm tch n nh c xp vo loi II.
3.10.5.4.
t loi III.
t st mm n na cng v ct c c trng bi lp dy 9000mm hay hn na l

st mm hay na cng, c hoc khng c xen ln cc lp ct hoc t ri khc c
xp vo loi III.
3.10.5.5.
t loi IV.
t st mm hoc bn dy hn 12.000mm c xp vo loi IV.
3.10.6.
H s p ng ng t n hi.
3.10.6.1.
Tng qut.
Ngoi quy nh khc iu 3.10.6.2 h s p ng ng t n hi C sm cho kiu dao

ng th m c ly theo :
C sm =
1,2 AS
2,5 A (3.10.6.1-1).
Tm2 / 3
Trong :
Tm =
Chu k dao ng kiu th m.
A =
H s gia tc c ly theo iu 3.10.2
S =
H s thc a ly theo iu 3.10.5.
3.10.6.2.
Cc ngoi l.
i vi t loi III v IV v i vi cc kiu dao ng khc vi kiu c bn c chu k nh

hn 0,3giy th Csm phi ly theo :
AASHTO cu ng b

Csm= A(0,8 + 4,0Tm)
(3.10.6.2-1).
Nu chu k dao ng ca mt kiu bt k ln hn 0,4 gy tht s C sm ca kiu c ly nh sau :

C sm =
3 AS
Tm4 / 8
3.10.7.
(3.10.6.2-2).
H s iu chnh p ng.
3.10.7.1.
Tng qut.
Tr nhng ghi ch y, hiu ng lc ng t thit k ca cc kt cu phn d i v

cc lin kt gia cc b phn ca kt cu c lit k trong bng 2 phi c xc nh
bng cch chia hiu ng lc rt ra t phn tch n cho h s iu chnh p ng
thchs hp R, nh quy nh trong bng 1 v 2 tng ng.
Cng nh ln lt s dng h s R quy nh trong bng 2 cho cc lin kt, cc mi ni
t gia cc b phn kt cu hoc cc kt cu, chng hn nh lin kt ct vi b mng,
c th c thit k truyn hiu ng lc ln nht c th pht sinh bi khp do ca
ct hay b nhm ct m chng lin kt nh quy nh trong iu 3.10.9.4.3.
Bng 3.10.7.1-1 H s iu chnh p ng- kt cu phn di.
Kt cu phn di
Mc quan trng
Ti hn
Ch yu
Tr kiu tng c kch
1,5
1,5
thc ln
B cc BTCT
1,5
2,0
Ch
c
cc
1,5
1,5
thng
C c cc xin
Ct n
1,5
2,0
Cc thp hay thp lin
hp v b cc BTCT
1,5
3,5
Ch
c
cc
1,5
2,0
thng
C c cc xin
B nhm ct
1,5
3,5
Khc
2,0
3,0
2,0
3,0
5,0
3,0
5,0
Bng 3.10.7.1-2 H s iu chnh p ng-cc lin kt.

Lin kt
Tt c cc cp quan trng
Kt cu nhp vi m
0,8
Khe co gin trong nhp ca kt cu phn trn
0,8
Ct tr hay b cc vi dm m hay KCPT
1,0
Ct hay tr vi mng
1,0
3.10.7.2.
Tc dng.
Ti trng ng t c gi thit tc dng trong mi phng ngang.

AASHTO cu ng b

H s R c dng cho c hai trc trc giao ca kt cu phn di.
Mt tr BTCT dng tng c th c tnh ton nh mt ct n theo chiu mnh nu
tho mn mt quy nh cho ct trong phn 5.
3.10.8.
T hp cc hiu ng lc ng t.
Cc hiu ng lc ng t n hi trn mi trc chnh ca mt cu kin c rt ra

theo t tnh ton theo hai phng thng gc phi c t hp thnh hai trng hp ti trng
sau :
100% ca gi tr tuyt i ca cc hiu ng lc theo mt trong cc chiu vung

gc th nht c t hp vi 30% ca gi tr tuyt i ca cc hiu ng lc trong
chiu vung gc th hai.
100% gi tr tuyt i ca hiu ng lc trong chiu vung gc th hai c t

hp vi 30% tr tuyt i ca hiu ng lc trong chiu vung gc th nht.
3.10.9.
Tnh ton lc thit k.
3.10.9.1.
Tng qut.
i vi cumt nhp bt k trong vng ng t no, Lc lin kt thit k nh nht

theo chiu b cn tr gia kt cu phng trn v kt cu phn di khng c ly nh
hn tch ca h s thc a, h s gia tc nhn vi ti trng thng xuyn c phn
phi v .
B rng ca gi di ng ca cu nhiu nhp phi ph hp hoc vi iu 4.7.4.4 hoc
thit b c nh chiu dc phi ph hp vi iu 3.10.9.5.
3.10.9.2.
vng ng t 1.
i vi cu nm trong vng 1 c h s gia tc nh hn 0,025 v nn t thuc loi I

hoc loi II, lc lin kt ngang thit k trong chiu c nh khng c ly nh hn 0,1
ln phn lc thng ng do ti trng thng xuyn chuyn vo v do cc hot ti gi
s tn ti trong khi c ng t.
i vi cc a im khc trong vng 1 th lc lin kt ngang thit k trong cc chiu c
nh khng c l nh hn 0,2 ln phn lc thng ng do ti trng thng xuyn
chuyn vo v do hot ti gi s tn ti trong khi c ng t.
i vi mi phn on lin ca kt cu phn trn th ti trng thng xuyn c phn
phi cho lin kt trn trc gi c nh dng xc nh lc lin kt thit k phi ly
bng tng ti trng thngf xuyn ca t dm.
Nu mi gi ca phn on lin hoc mt nhp n gin c c nh theo phng ngang th ti trng thng xuyn dng xc nh lc lin kt phi ly bng phn
lc do ti trng thng xuyn tc dng ln gi .
Mi gi cao su v cc lin kt ca chng vo khi xy hay bn gi phi c thit k
chu c lc ng t nm ngang chuyn qua gi.
i vi tt c cc cu nm trong vung ng t 1 v tt c cc cu mt nhp th lc
ct do ng t khng c nh hn lc lin kt nh quy nh y.
AASHTO cu ng b
3.10.9.3.
Vng ng t 2.
Cng trnh trong vng ng t 2 phi c tnh ton ph hp vi yu cu ti thiu c

ghi trong cc iu 4.7.4.1 v 4.7.4.3.
Tr mng, lc ng t thit k dng cho cc b phn bao gm c b mng v tng
chn phi c xc nh bng cachs chia lc ng t n hi tnh theo iu 3.10.8
cho h s iu chnh p ng thch hp R ly trong bng 3.10.7.1-1.
Lc ng t thit k dng cho mng, tr b cc v tng chn phi c xc nh
bng cch chia lc ng t n hi theo iu 3.10.8 cho h s iu chnh p ng
R theo bng 3.10.7.1-1 cho mi cu kin kt cu phn di c lin kt vo mng .
Gi tr R/2 khng c ly nh hn 1,0.
Khi c mt nhm ti trng khng phi l c bit quy nh trong bng 3.4.1-1, chi
phi vic thit k cc ct th phi xem xt kh nng cc lcng t truyn xung
mng c th ln hn lc tnh theo quy hn trn y, do c th vt cng ca cc
ct.
3.10.9.4.
Vng ng t 3.
3.10.9.4.1. Tng qut.

Cc kt cu trong vng ng t 3 phi c tnh ton ph hp vi cc yu cu ti thiu
ghi trong cc iu 4.7.4.1 v 4.7.4.3.
3.10.9.4.2. Lc thit k iu chnh.

Lc thit k iu chnh phi c xc nh nh trong iu 3.10.9.3 tr trng hp tnh
mng phi ly h s R = 1,0.
3.10.9.4.3. Lc khp do.

Khp do phi bit chc chn l xy ra khi kt cu hoc mng b ph hoi do v t ng
sut hay mt n nh trong kt cu hoc trong mng.Khp do ch cho php xut
hin trong ct l ch d kim tra hoc sa cha. Sc khng un do ca b phn
kt cu phn di phi c xc nh ph hp vi cc quy nh trong cc phn 5 v 6.
Cc cu kin v b phn lin kt vi ct trong kt cu phn trn v kt cu phn d i
cng c thit k chu lc ct ngang ca ct, c xc nh theo sc khng un
do ca ct bng cch nhn sc khng danh nh ca mt ct btng vi 1,3 v ca
mt ct thp vi 1,2.
Cc lc ct ny c tnh trn c s khp do c th ly nh lc ng t cc hn m cu
c th khai thc c.
3.10.9.5.
B phn cn dc.
Lc ma st khng c coi l mt thit b cn c hiu qu.

B phn cn phi c thit k theo mt lc c tnh bng h s gia tc nhn vi ti
trng thng xuyn ca ci nh hn trong hai nhp hoc cc b phn k bn ca kt
cu.
AASHTO cu ng b

Nu b phn cn l mt im m chuyn v tng i ca cc mt ct kt
cu phn tren c thit k xy ra trong qu trnh ca ng t, th phi cho php
chm trong b phn cn b phn cn ch bt u tc dng sau khi chuyn v vt
qu tr s thit k.
Khi b phn cn c t tr hay ct th b phn cn ca mi nhpc th c lin
kt vi tr hay ct tt hn l lin kt cc nhp lin k vi nhau.
3.10.9.6.
Thit b neo gi.
i vi vng ng t 2 v 3, thit b neo gi phi c t cc gi v khp trong kt

cu lin tc m lc ng t thng ng do ti trng ng t dc ngc chiu
v vt 50% nhng khng ln hn 100% phn lc do ti trng thng xuyn gy ra. Trong trng hp ny lc nng thc dng thit k thit b neo gi phi ly bng 10% phn
lc do ti trng thng xuyn c th pht huy nu nh gi nh l dm k n gin l gi.
Nu lc ng t thng ng dn n lc nng tnh th thit k neo gi phi c
tnh ton chu c lc ln hn tong hai trng hp sau :
120% hiu s gia lc ng t thng ng v phn lc do ti trng th ng

xuyn
10% phn lc do ti trng thng xuyn.
3.10.10.
Cc yu cu i vi cu tm v xy dng phn k.
Bt k cu hoc cu c xy dng tng phn no c coi l tm cho trn 5 nm th

phi thit k theo kt cu vnh cu v khng dc dng cc quy nh iu ny.
Yu cu mt trn ng t khng c gy sp ton b hoc mt phn cu nu
trong iu 3.10.1 phi p dng cho cu tm dng cho giao thng. Yu cu cng c
p dng cho cc cu c xy dng phn k dng cho giao thng hoc vt qua ng
giao thng. H s gia tc cho iu 3.10.2 c th c gim bng mt h s khng ln
hn 2 tnh cc lc n hi v chuyn v ca cu kin. Cc h s gia tc cho cc
a im xy dng gn cc t gy ang hot ng phi c nghin cu ring. Cc
h s iu chnh p ng cho trong iu 3.10.7 c th tng ln bng mt h s
khng ln hn 1,5 tnh lc thit k. H s ny khng c p dng cho cc lin kt
nh xc nh trong bng 3.10.7.1-2.
Cc quy nh v chiu rng gi ti thiu ca iu 4.7.4.4 phi c p dng cho mi
cu tm v cu xy dng tng phn.
3.11. p lc t : EH, ES, LS, DD.

3.11.1.
Tng qut.
p lc t phi c coi l hm s ca :
Loi v t trng ca t.
Hm lng nc.
Tnh lu bin ca t.
cht.
AASHTO cu ng b
V tr nc ngm.
Tng tc gia t v cng trnh.
Tr s ti trng cht thm.
Tc ng ca ng t.
3.11.2.
cht.
Khi lng trc tc ng ca thit b m my xy ra trong c ly mt na chiu cao tng

ly bng chnh cao gia im giao ca lp mng ng lm song vi lng tng v y
tng th tc dng b xung ca p lc t do m ln phi c da vo tnh ton.
3.11.3.
S hin din ca nc.
Khi t gi khng c thot nc th tc dng ca p lc nc thu tnh phi c b xung

vo p lc t.
Trong trng hp pha sau tng c th ng thnh vng th tng phi c thit k
chu p lc t v p lc nc thu tnh.
p lc ngang ca t pha di mc nc ngm phi tnh vi t trng t ngp nc.
Nu mc nc ngm hai pha tng khc nhauth phi xt tc dng thm n n nh
ca tng v kh nng phi t ng ng dn p lc l rng sau tng c ly gn ng
theo phng php dng tnh hay cc phng php phn tch khc phi c cng thm vo
ng sut nm ngang c hiu khi tnh tng p lc ngang ca t ln tng.
3.11.4.
Hiu ng ng t.
Hiu ng ca kh nng khch i ca p lc t ch ng hoc chuyn dch ca

khi t b ng do ng t phi c xem xt n.
3.11.5.
p lc t : EH.
3.11.5.1.
p lc t c bn.
p lc t c bn c gi thit phn b tuyn tnh v t l vi chiu su t v ly

bng :
p = k n . s .g .z.10 9
(3.11.5.1-1).
Trong :
p =
p lc t c bn (MPa).
kn =
H s p lc ngang ca t ly bng k0 trong iu 3.11.5.2 i vi

tng khng un cong hay dch chuyn,hoc k a trong cc iu 3.11.5.3
3.11.5.6 v 3.11.5.7 i vi tng un cong hay dich chuyn t
ti iu kin ch ng ti thiu.
s =
T trng ca t (kg.m3).
z =
Chiu su di mt t (mm).
AASHTO cu ng b

g =
Hng s trng lc (m/s2).
Tr khi c quy nh khc, tng ti trng ngang ca t do trong lng t lp phi gi

nh tc dng cao 0,4H pha trn y tng, trong H l tng chiu cao tng
tnh t mt t n y mng.
3.11.5.2.
H s p lc tnh ( trng hp ngh) : K0
i vi t c c kt bnh thng h s p lc ngang tnh ly nh sau :

k 0 =1 sin f
(3.11.5.2-1).
Trong :
f =
Gc ma st ca t thot nc.
K0 =
H s p lc t tnh ca t qu c kt.
i vi t qu ca kt h s p lc t ngang tnh v th gi thit thay i theo hm

s ca t l qa c kt hay lch s ng sut v c th ly bng :
k0 = (1 sin f )( OCR )
Sin f
(3.11.5.2-2).
Trong :
OCR =
T l qu c kt.
Cc gi tr k0 cho cc t l qua c kt khc nhau OCR c th ly bng 1. Ph sa, st,

st do chykhng nn dng lm t p khi m vt liu ht d thot nc c sn.
Bng 3.11.5.2-1 H s in hnh ca p lc t ngang tnh.
Loi t
H s p lc t ngang k0
OCR = 1
OCR = 2
OCR = 5
OCR = 10
Ct ri
0,45
0,65
1,10
1,60
Ct va
0,40
0,60
1,05
1,55
Ct cht
0,35
0,55
1,00
1,50
t ph sa bn (ML)
0,50
0,70
1,10
1,60
St nho (CL)
0,60
0,80
1,20
1,65
St do chy (CH)
0,65
0,80
1,10
1,40
3.11.5.3.
H s p lc ch ng : ka.
Tr s ca h s p lc ch ng c th ly bng :
ka =
Sin 2 ( + ')
.Sin 2.Sin( )
(3.11.5.3-1).
Trong :
= 1 +
Sin( '+ ).Sin( ' )
Sin( + ) + Sin( + )
AASHTO cu ng b
(3.11.5.3-2)

=
Gc ma st gia t p v tng ly nh quy nh trong bng 1 ().
Gc ca t p vi phng nm ngang nh trong hnh 1 ().
Gc ca t p sau tng vi phng thng ng nh trong hnh1()
Gc ni ma st c hiu ().
i vi cc iu kin khc vi miu t trong hnh 1, p lc t ch ng c th tnh

bng phng php th da theo l thuyt lng th.
Hnh 3.11.5.3-1 Ch gii Coulomb v p lc t.
Bng 3.11.5.3-1 Gc ma st ca cc loi vt liu khc nhau.
Mt tip gip ca vt liu
Btng ton khi trn vt liu nn sau y :
chc sch.
Si cui, ct si, ct th sch.
Ct mn n trung bnh, oh sa ct trung n th ph
sa hoc si cui cha st sch.
Ct mn, ph sa hoc ct mn n trung cha st
sch.
Ph sa ct mn, ph sa khng do.
t st tin c kt rt cng v rn.
t st cng va, cng v t st c bn.
Vt liu xy trn vt liu mng c cng h s ma st
Cc vn thp i vi cc loi t sau :
Si, ct si, sch.
Ct ln ph sa, cng mt c sch.
Ct ln ph sa, ct hoc si ln ph sa hoc t st.
Ph sa ln ct mn, ph sa khng do.
Btng c ti ch hay lp ghp, cc vn btng trong cc loi
t sau :
Si, ct si, sch.
Ct ln ph sa, cng mt c sch.
Ct ln ph sa, ct hoc si ln ph sa hoc t st.
Ph sa ln ct mn, ph sa khng do.
Cc vt liu kt cu khc :
Khi xy trn khi xy, ho thnh v bin cht.
o mm trn o mm.
o cng trn o mm.
o cng trn o cng.
Khi xy trn g ngang th.
Thp trn cc vn thp ci vo nhau.
AASHTO cu ng b
Gc ma st ()
35
2931
2429
1924
1719
2226
1719
22
17
14
11
2226
1722
17
14
35
33
29
26
17
3.11.5.4.
H s p lc b ng : kp .
i vi t khng dnh gi tr ca h s p lc b ng c th ly t hnh 1 cho tr ng

hp tng nghing hoc thng ng v nn p bng hoc t hnh 2 cho trng hp tng thng ng v nn p dc. i vi iu kin khc vi nhng miu t trong hnh 1
v 2 p lc b ng c th tnh bng cch s dng phng php th da trn c s lng
th trt. Khi s dng l thuyt lng th trt th gi tri gii hn ca gc ma st ca tng
khng nn ly ln hn 1/2 gc ni ma st .
i vi t dnh p lc b ng c th xc nh theo :
Pp = k p . s .g .z.10 9 + 2c k p
(3.11.5.4-1).
Trong :
Pp =
p lc t b ng (MPa).
s =
T trng ca t (kg/m3).
z =
su tnh t mt t.
c =
dnh n v (MPa).
kp =
H s p lc b ng lt theo hnh 1 v 2 khi thch hp.
Hnh 3.11.5.4-1 Cch tnh p lc t b ng i vi tng nghing nn p bng.

Hnh 3.11.5.4-2 Cch tnh p lc t b ng i vi tng nghing nn p dc.
3.11.5.5.
Phng php cht lng tng ng tnh p lc t.
Phng php cht lng tng ng khng c dng khi t p khng thot nc c. Nu
khng tho mn tiu chun ny, phi dng cac quy nh ca iu 3.11.3 v 3.11.5.1 v
3.11.5.3 tnh p lc t ngang.
Khi s dng phng php cht lng tng ng, p lc t c bn p (MPa) c th ly nh
sau :
p = eq .g .z.10 9
(3.11.5.5-1).
Trong :
eq =
T trng cht lng tng ng ca t, khng nh hn 480 (kg/m3).
Tng hp ti trng t nm ngang do trng lng t p phi c gi thit l tc dng

ti chiu cao 0,4H pha trn y tng chn, trong H l chiu cao ton b ca tng
ly t mt t n y mng.
Khi phn tch t p dnh khng thot nc th p lc t phi tnh theo p lc cht
lng tng ng.
Tr s chun ca t trng cht lng tng ng dng trong thit k tng c chiu cao
khng vt qu 6000mm c th ly theo bng 1, trong :
= chuyn v ca nh tng theo yu cu t c p lc ch ng nh nht
hoc p lc b ng ln nht do nghing hay chuyn v ngang (mm).
AASHTO cu ng b

H =
Chiu cao tng (mm).
i =
Gc nghieng ca mt t p i vi tng thng nm ngang ().
ln ca thnh phn thng ng ca tng p lc t cho trng hp mt t p

dc c th ly theo :
Pv = Ph tan i
(3.11.5.5-2).
Trong :
Ph = 0,5eq .g .H 2 .10 9
(3.11.5.5-3).
Bng 3.11.5.5-1 Gi tr in hnh ca t trng cht lng tng ng ca t.

Loi t
t p bng
t p vi i = 250
Ngh eq /H = 1/240 Ngh eq /H = 1/240
(kg/m3)
(kg/m3)
eq(kg/m3)
eq(kg/m3)
Ct hoc si cui xp
880
640
1040
800
Ct hoc si cui va
800
560
960
720
Ct hoc si cui cht
720
480
880
640
Ph sa cht (ML)
960
640
1120
800
t st dy cht (CL)
1120
720
1280
880
t st bo cht (CH)
1280
880
1440
1040
3.11.5.6.
p lc t biu kin ca tng neo.
C th cho php gi thit v s phn b p lc t khc vi nhng tr ng hp y

nu chng ph hp vi un d kin ca tng.
i vi tng neo c mt lp neo th p lc t c th gi thit phn b tuyn tnh t l
su v phi p dng nhng quy nh trong cc iu 3.11.5.2 n 3.11.5.4.
i vi tng c hai hoc nhiu lp neo th p lc t c th gi thit khng thay i
theo chiu su. i vi tng c xy dng t nh xung th p lc t dc tnh nh
hnh 1 trong P c th ly theo :
Pa = 0.65.10 9 .k a . s, .g .H 2
(3.11.5.6-1).
Trong :
H =
Chiu cao cui cng ca tng (mm).
ka =
2
0
H s p lc t ch ng , k a = tan 45
s =
t trng c hiu ca t (kg/m3).
f
2
Hnh 3.11.5.6-1 Phn b p lc t biu kin ln tng vnh cu c hai hoc nhiu lp
neo c thi cng t nh xung.
i vi tng thi cng t p t y ln th ln tng hp lc phn b u theo hnh
ch nht c th gi thit bng 130% ca tng hp lc phn b tam gic c xc nh
ph hp vi cc quy nh ca iu 3.11.5.3.
AASHTO cu ng b

Khi tm p lc thit k chonmt tng neo phi xt n chuyn v ca tng cth nh
hng n kt cu lin k hoc cc cng trnh k thut ngm.
3.11.5.7.
p lc t ca tng t n nh c hc (MSE).
Hp trn n v chiu rng pha sau ca tng MSE th hin trn cc hnh 1 , 2 v 3
c coi l tc dng trn cao h/3 tnh t y tng v phi ly bng :
Pa = 0,5.10-9.s.g.h2.ka
(3.11.5.7-1).
Trong
Pa =
Hp lc trn n v chiu rng (N/mm).
s =
t trng t p (kg/m3).
h =
Chiu cao gi nh ca s p lc t ngang ly theo hnh1,2,3(mm)
ka = H s p lc t ch ng nh quy nh rtong iu 3.11.5.3 vi gc ta luy t

dp ly theo quy nh trong hnh 2 v 3 v gc ly bng 0,0.
H s p lc t trng thi ngh K 0 xc nh an ton chng ph hoi kt cu c
th c ly nh sau :
K0 = 1 - Sinf (3.11.5.7-2).
Random Fill
Reinforcad
Khi t gia c- ng
H/3
h=H
t lp bt k
8.
Hnh 3.11.5.7-1 Phn b p lc t trn tng MSE vi p lc t p nm ngang.
AASHTO cu ng b
h-H
t lp bt k
PV
Reinforcad
Khi t gia c- ng
P0
h/3
Ph
Hnh 3.11.5.7-2 Phn b p lc t trn tng MSE vi p lc t p dc.

Hnh 3.11.5.7-3 Phn b p lc t trn tng MSE vi p lc t p theo ng gy
khc.
3.11.6.
Ti trng cht thm ES v LS.
3.11.6.1.
Tng qut.
Khi c ti trng cht thm phi b xung thm mt p lc t ngang khng i v p lc

dt c bn- p lc t c bn ny c th ly bng :
p = ks.qs (3.11.6.1-1).
Trong :
p = p lc t ngang khng i do tc dng ca ti trng cht thm phn b u
(MPa).
ks =
H s p lc t do tc dng ca ti trng cht thm.
i vi p lc t ch ng k s phi ly bng ka , p lc t tnh k s phi ly bng k 0.

Ngoi ra i vi loi t p v chich chuyn ca tng c th c th dng gi tr
trung gian ph hp.
Phn b p lc ngang trn tng ph tnh bng Mpa do di ti trng phn b u song
song vi tng c th ly bng :
ph =
2p
[ Sin.Cos( + 2 ) ]
y.
p =
cng ti trng (Mpa).
Gc c quy nh trong hnh 1.
Gc c quy nh trong hnh 1.
AASHTO cu ng b
(3.11.6.1-2).
ph
Hnh 3.11.6.1-1 p lc t ngang trn tng do di ti trng phn b u.

Phn b p lc ngang ph ln tng tnh bng Mpa do ti trng tp trung c th ly bng
:
ph =
P 3.Z.X 2 R (1 2v )
R +Z
R 2 R 3
(3.11.6.1-3).
y :
P =
ti trng (N).
R = C ly tia t im tc ng ca ti trng n mt im trn tng nh quy nh

trong hnh 2 (mm).
X =
C ly ngang t lng tng ti im tc ng ca ti trng (mm).
Z = C ly ng t im tc ng ca ti trng n cao ca mt im trn t ng

ang xem xt (mm).
v =
H s poisson (DIM) (3.11.6.1).
AASHTO cu ng b

P( p lc)
ph
Hnh 3.11.6.1-2 p lc t ngang ln tn do mt ti trng tp trung .

p lc ngang ph tnh bng Mpa do mt ti trng tuyn di v hn song sng vi tng c
th c ly bng :
ph =
4Q X 2 .Z 2
.
R4
(3.11.6.1-4).
y :
Q =
cng ti trng (N/mm).
V cc k hiu khc nh xc nh trn v trong hnh 3.
Q (lc/ chiu di)
ph
Hnh 3.11.6.1-3 p lc ngang ln tng do mt ti trng tuyn di v hn song song vi tng.

Phn b p lc ngang ph ln tng tnh bng Mpa do mt ti trng tuyn di hu hn
thng gc vi tng c th ly bng :
AASHTO cu ng b

ph
Q 1
1 2
1
1 2
3 +
Z
Z
.Z A 3
B
A+
B+
X
X
2
1
(3.11.6.1-5).
Trong :
Z
A = 1 + 1 +
X2
(3.11.6.1-6).
2
Z
(3.11.6.1-7).
B = 1 + 1 +
X1
y :
X1 = C ly t sau tng n im u ca ti trng tuyn nh quy nh trong hnh 4
(mm).
X2 =
Chiu di hot ti (mm).
Z =
Chiu su t mt t n im ang xt trong tng (mm).
H s poisson (DIM).
Q =
Cng ti trng (N/mm) .
X1
X2
Q (lc/ chiu di)
ph
Hnh 3.11.6.1-4 p lc ngang ln tng gy ra bi ti trng tuyn tnh c hn thng gc

vi tng.
AASHTO cu ng b
3.11.6.2.
Hot ti cht thm LS.
Hot ti cht thm phi c xt n khi ti trng xe tc dng trn mt t p trong

phm vi mt on bng chiu cao tng pha sau mt sau tng. i vi ng t cng
ti trng phi ly ph hp vi cc quy nh trong iu 3.6.1.2. Nu ti trng cht
thm khc vi ng t th ch u t phi quy nh hoc chp nhn mt hot ti cht
thm ph hp.
S tng p lc ngang do hot ti cht thm c th tnh theo :
p = k.s.g.heq.10-9 (3.11.6.2-1) .
Trong
p =
p lc t ngang khng i do ti trng cht thm phn b u (MPa).
s =
t trng ca t (kg/m3).
k =
H s p lc t .
heq
Chiu cao t tng ng vi xe ti thit k (mm).
Chiu caco t tng ng cho ti trng ng t heq c th ly t bng 1. i vi chiu

cao tng trung gian phi dng ni suy tuyn tnh .
Chiu cao tng phi ly bng khong cch t mt t p n y b mng.
Bng 3.11.6.2-1 Chiu cao tng ng ca t dng cho ti trng xe.
Chiu cao tng (mm)
Heq (mm)
1700
1500
3000
1200
6000
760
610
9000
3.11.6.3.
Chit gim ti trng .
Nu ti trng xe chuyn qua mt bn c bi cc b phn khc ngoi t th c

th c php chit gim ti trng.
3.11.7.
Chit gim p lc t .
i vi cng v cu v cc b phn ca chng khi p lc t c th gim tc dng bi

cc ti trng hay lc khc s chit gim phi c gii hn trong phamj vi p lc t c
th c coi l tc dng thng xuyn khi thiu s liu chunh xc hn c th chit giamr
50% nhng khng c t hp vi h s ti trng nh nht c xc nh trong bng 3.4.12.
3.11.8.
Lc keo xung .
hiu ng lc do tc ng ko xung trn cc hay cc klhoan do ln ca khi t tip

gip v hay cc khoan phi c xc nh theo cc quy nh ca phn 10.
AASHTO cu ng b
3.12. hiu ng lc do bin dng cng bc : TU, TG, SH, CR, SE.
3.12.1.
Tng qut .
Ni lc trong cu kin do tc dng t bin v co ngt phi dc xt n. Hiu ng ca

gra dien nhit cn c da vo mt cch tho ng. Trong phn tch cng phi a vo
hiu ng lc do bin dng ca cu kin chu lc, chuyn v ca im tc dng ca
im ti trng v chuyn dch ca gi.
3.12.2.
Nhit phn b u.
3.12.2.1.
Bin nhit cu.
Nhit cao nht v thp nht bnh qun ca cu phi ly nh quy nh trong bng
1. tnh ton hiu ng lc bin dng nhit phi ly chnh lch gia nhit cao
nht v thp nht bnh qun ca cu vi nhit thi cng c gi thit trong thit k.
Bin nhit trong bn cu cao ti 2m vi lp mt dy 100mm i vi sn cu btng
v 40mm i vi sn cu thp . Khi dng sn cu cao hnm hoc chiu dy lp mt
khc th cn sa li bin nhit cho ph hp.
Vng kh hu
Kt cu
Mt cu btng trn
Mt cu thp trn
btng
dm hoc hp thp
dm hoc hp thp
0
0
0
0
0
Bc v 16 B
+5 C +47 C
+1 C +55 C
+30C +630C
(o hi vn)
Nam v 160B +100C +470C
+60C +550C
+20C 630C
(o hi vn)
Ghi ch : i vi cc a im v 16 0B v cao cao hn mt bin 700m
Nhit thp nht trong bng phi c tr bt i 50C.
3.12.2.2.
nhit lp t.
Nhit lp t hay b phn ca cu c ly theo tr s trung bnh thc t ca

nhit ca khng kh trong 24 gi ngy trc khi tin hnh lp t.
3.12.2.3.
Bin nhit khng kh.
Cc bin nhit ca cu quy nh trong bng 3.12.2.1-1 l da trn bin nhit

khng kh trong bng rm 0 0C n 450C pha bc v 16 0B (o hi vn) v
+50C n 450C pha nam v 160B. Khi c s liu v nhit ca a im c
th, c th dng xc nh nhit khng kh trong bng rm cao nht v thp
nht vi chu k 100 nm v nhit cu trong bng 3.12.2.1-1 c th c sa li cho
ph hp.
3.12.3.
Gradien nhit.
Cc tc ng ca gradien nhit khc nhau trong kt cu phn trn cu cn ly t c hai

iu kin chnh nhit dng (mt trn nng hn) v chnh nhit m (mt trn lnh
hn).
AASHTO cu ng b

Gradien nhit theo chiu thng ng trong kt cu nhp btng hay btng thp lin
hp c bn mt cu bng btng c th ly nh trong hnh 1. Cc gi tr T1,T2, v T3
trong hnh 1 c cho trong bng 1 cho c hai trng hp chnh nhit m v dng.
Kch thc A trong hnh 1 c ly nh sau :
300mm cho kt cu nhp BTCT c chiu cao 400mm hay ln hn.
i vi mt ct BTCT c chiu cao 400mm th ly nh hn chiu cao thc t

100mm.
i vi nhp thp btng lin hp c ly t phi c ly bng chiu dy bn mt

cu bng btng.
i vi kt cu phn trn gm mt cu bng thp v dm hoc hp thp

gradien nhit phi c xc nh bng mt phng php c tha nhn v c ch
u t chp nhn.
Gradien nhit cho trong bng 1 dng cho mt cu c lp ph dy 100mm. Khi dng
chiu dy lp ph khc th cc gi tr cn sa li cho ph hp.
Khi phi tnh n Gradien nhit th ng sut ni v bin dng ca kt cu do c
gradien nhit dng v m c th c xc nh theo cc quy nh ca iu 4.6.6.
T2
Steel Girder
Structures
Only
200mm
Depth of Super structure
100mm
T1
T3
3.12.3.1.1. Thn
g s
T1
T2
T3
AASHTO cu ng b
Gradien nhit dng
Gradien nhit m
+23
+6
+3
-7
-7
0
3.12.4.
co ngt khc nhau.
ni thch hp, ng bin do co ngt khc nhau gia btng c tui v thnh phn khc
nhau, gia btng v thp phi c xc nh theo cc quy nh ca phn 5.
3.12.5.
T bin.
ng bin do t bin ca btng phi ph hp vi cc quy nh ca phn 5. Khi xc nh

hiu ng lc v bin dng do t bin phi xt n s ph thuc theo thi gian v
nhng thay i ca ng sut nn.
3.12.6.
ln.
Phi xt n hiu ng lc do cc gi tr cc hn ca ln khc nhau gia cc kt cu

phn di v trong phm vi cc n nguyn kt cu phn di. Tnh ton ln c th c tin hnh theo cc quy nh ca iu 10.7.2.3.
3.13. lc ma st : FR.
Lc do ca ma st phi c xc nh trn c s ca gi tr cc i ca cc h s ma st
gia cc mt trt. Khi thch hp phi xt n tc ng ca m v kh nng gim
phn cht hoc nhim bn ca mt trt hay xoay i vi h s ma st.
3.14. va ca tu thuyn : CV.

3.14.1.
Tng qut.
Tt c cc cu vt qua ng giao thng thu phi c thit k cho tu thuyn va vi kt

cu phn di v khi thch hp c vi kt cu phn trn. Cc cu phi :
Thit k chu c lc va tu.
Phi c bo v y bi vt chn, chng va, h o, o hoc cc thit

b c th b i khc.
Ch u t phi c thit lp hoc duyt tu thuyn thit k, vn tc thit k v bt

k yu cu ring no cho cu vi s phi hp ca cc ng sng Vit Nam hoc cc
hng hi Vit Nam khi thch hp. Trong iu ny ra nhng yu cu ti thiu v
tu thuyn thit k, vn tc thit k v tc dng ca cc lc va.
Ch u t phi quy nh hoc thng qua mc h hng ca cc cu kin cu, bao
gm cc h thng phng v chng .
Khi xc nh ti trng va ca tu v mc h hng cho php phi xt n :
kch thc, loi hnh, iu kin cht ti v tn sut ca tu s dng ng thu.
Cc vn tc in hnh ca tu khi di chuyn trn ng thu v s bin i

theo ma ca dng chy.
V tr cc tr trn cc lung thng thng.
su nc v s bin i theo ma ca n.
S p ng kt cu ca cu i vi lc va.
AASHTO cu ng b
Tm quan trng v kinh t v chin lc ca cu trn mng ng b.
3.14.2.
Tu thit k.
Tu thit k c xt cho cc cp sng khc nhau cho trong bng 1. kch thc v trng
ti ca tu thit k cho trong bng 2. C hai bng cho nhng yu cu ti thiu thit
k va tu, nh c m t trong iu 3.14.1, tnh hnh ring ca mi cng trnh nn c
xem xt c bit, ni m chiu rng lung v chiu su nc c th cho php cc tu
ln hn rt nhiu so vi cc tu cho trong bng 1 v 2.
Bng 3.14.2-1 Tu thit k cho cc cp ng sng
Cp ng sng
Trng ti ca tu thit k (Tn) (DWT)
Tu t hnh
X lan ko
I
2000
500
II
1000
500
III
300
400
IV
200
400
V
100
100
VI
40
100
Bng 3.14.2-2 Kch thc tu thit k.
DWT (t)
200
0
Chiu di ln nht(LOA) (m)
90
Chiu rng ln nht (m)
12
Mn nc y ti (m)
3,5
Tu t hnh
100 30 20
0
0
0
75
38
34
10,5 7,0 6,6
2,8
2,2 1,7
10
0
15
5
1,0
40
8
3
0,8
S lan ko
50 400 100
0
40
41
27
10 11,2 6,4
1,7 1,3 1,0
i vi cu nhiu nhp, ni cc phn cu xa lung thng thuyn chnh hoc i qua

on nc nng hn, c th xt loi tu thit k nh hn i vi cc phn cu theo
s chp thun ca ch u t. Cc phn cu trn sng vi mc nc cao nht bnh qun
nm khng su qu 600mm th khng cn xt. Vi cc cu ln phng php lun xc sut
m t trong iu 3.14.5 ca tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO TRFD ln xut bn th
hai (1998) c th c dng xc nh tu thit k.
3.14.3.
vn tc va thit k.
Vn tc va thit k V dng cho mi loi tu thit k phi ly nh trong bng 1. Trong :

Vs =
vn tc bnh qun nm ca dng chy lin k b phn cu c xem xt (m/s).
Bng 3.14.3-1 Vn tc va thit k cho tu thit k.

Tu thit k
Vn tc va thit k (m/s)
3,3 + Vs
Tu t hnh 1000DWT
Tu t hnh < 1000DWT
2,5 + Vs
S lan ko
1,6 + Vs
i vi cu nhiu nhp, ni cc b phn cu xa lung thng thuyn chnh c th xt
loi vn tc va thit k thp hn i vi cc phn cu theo s chp thun ca ch
u t.
AASHTO cu ng b

Vi cc cu ln phng php lun c m t trong iu 3.14.6 ca tiu chun thit k
cu AASHTO LRFD ln xut bn th hai (1998) c th c dng xc nh tc
va thit k.
3.14.4.
Nng lng va tu.
ng nng ca tu chuyn ng c hp th trong qu trnh va chm khng lch tm

vi tr cu c ly nh sau :
KE = 500CHMV2 (3.14.4-1).
Trong :
KE
Nng lng va tu (joule).
M=
Lng r nc ca tu (Mg).
CH =
H s khi lng thu ng hc.
V =
Vn tc va tu (m/s).
Khi lng ca tu M phi da trn iu kin cht hng ca tu v phi bao gm khi l ng khng ti ca tu cng vi khi lng hng i vi tu c ti hoc khi lng nc dn
i vi tu khng ti hoc t ti. Khi lng ca s lan ko phi l tng khi lng ca tu
ko (y) v khi lng ca dy s lan trong chiu di ko.
H s khi lng thu ng hc CH phi ly theo :
Nu tnh khng di sng tu vt qu 0,5 ln mn nc: CH = 1,05 (3.14.4-2).
Nu tnh khng di sng tu t hn 0,1 ln mn nc: CH = 1,25 (3.14.4-3).
Gi tr ca CH c th c ni suy t phm vi trn cho cc gi tr trung gian ca tnh

khng di sng tu. Tnh khng di sng tu phi ly bng khong cch gia y tu v
y lung.
3.14.5.
Lc va tu vo tr.
Lc va p thng u tu vo tr phi c ly nh sau :

Ps = 1,2 10 5 V
DWT
(3.14.5-1).
Trong :
Ps =
Lc va tu tnh tng ng (N).
DWT =
V =
Tn trng ti ca tu (Mg).
Vn tc va tu (m/s).
3.14.6.
chiu di h hng ca mi tu.
Chi di nm ngang ca mi tu b bp bi va chm vi vt cng phi c ly nh sau :

KE
(3.14.6-1).
a s = 1,54 10 3
PS
Trong :
as =
Chiu di h hng ca mi tu (mm).
AASHTO cu ng b

KE
Ps =
Lc va ca tu c xc nh theo phng trnh 3.14.5-1 (N).
3.14.7.
Nng lng va ca tu (joule).
Lc va ca tu ln kt cu phn trn.
3.14.7.1.
Va vi mi tu.
Lc va ca mi tu ln kt cu phn trn phi c ly theo :

PBH = RBH.Ps (3.14.7.1-1).
Trong :
PBH
Lc va ca mi tu ln kt cu phn trn b l (N).
RBH
T s ca chiu cao ca kt cu trn b l trn tng chiu cao mi tu.
Ps =
Lc va ca tu ly theo phng trnh 3.14.5-1 (N).
V mc ch ca iu ny, phn b l l on ng chp nhau gia tu v kt cu

phn trn ca cu vi chiu cao ca vng va chm.
3.14.7.2.
Va vi cabin tu.
Lc va chm ca cabin tu vi kt cu phn trn phi c ly nh sau :

PDH = RDH.Ps
(3.14.7.2-1).
Trong :
PDH
Lc va ca cabin tu (N).
RDH
H s chit gim c xc nh y.
Ps =
Lc va ca tu nh quy nh trong phng trnh 3.14.5.1 (N).
i vi tu vt qu 100.000DWT, RDH phi ly bng 0,10. i vi tu nh hn 100.000DWT

th h s chit gim phi ly theo :
DWT
RDH = 0,2 0,10
(3.14.7.2-2).
100.000
3.14.7.3.
Va vi ct tu.
Lc va ca ct tu vi kt cu phn trn phi c ly theo :

PMT = 0,10PDH (3.14.7.3-1).
Trong :
PMT
Lc va ca ct tu (N).
PDH
Lc va ca cabin tu quy nh trong phng trnh 3.14.7.2-1 (N).
3.14.8.
Lc va ca s lan vo tr.
Lc va N vo tr do s lan sng phi c ly nh sau :
Nu aB < 100mm th PB = 6,0106aB. (3.14.8-1)
AASHTO cu ng b
Nu aB 100mm th PB = 6,0106 + 1600aB. (3.14.8-2)
Trong :
PB =
Lc va tnh tng ng ca s lan (N).
aB =
Chiu di h hng ca mi s lan quy nh trong phng trnh 3.14.9.1
3.14.9.
Chiu di h hng ca mi s lan.
Chiu di h hng theo ng nm ngang ca mi s lan sng phi c ly theo :
a B = 3100 1 +1,3 10 7 KE 1 (3.14.9-1).
Trong :
aB =
Chiu di h hng ca mi s lan (mm).
KE
3.14.10.
Nng lng va ca tu (joule).

H hng trng thi gii hn c bit.
Cho php h hng hoc sp cc b ca cac b phn kt cu phn di v kt cu

phn trn min l :
trng thi gii hn c bit cc b phn cn li ca kt cu cn do v

d ngn chn s sp ca kt cu phn trn.
Cc b phn kt cu b h hng c th kim tra v sa cha mt cch tng i

khng phc tp.
C th lm cc kt cu bo v tr cu nh mt cch khc loi tr hoc gim bt ti

trng va ca tu thuyn vo kt cu cu mc chp nhn c.
3.14.11.
Tc dng ca lc va.
3.14.11.1.
thit k kt cu phn di.
Khi thit k kt cu phn di lc tnh tng ng song song v thng gc vi ng tim

ca lung vn ti phi c tc dng ring bit nh sau :
100% lc va thit k trong phng song song vi tim lung vn ti.
50% ca lc va thit k trong phng thng gc ca tim lung vn ti.
Tt c b phn kt cu phn di l ra c th tip xc vi bt k phn no ca v

tu hay mi tu u c thit k chu c lc va. Khi xc nh b phn tip xc
l ra ca kt cu phn di vi tu thuyn phi xt n mi tu nh ra, khong nghing
hoc thn ca tu v s lan. Cng phi xt n s va ca mi tu gy nn tip xc
vi bt k phn lm no ca kt cu phn di.
Tng hai trng hp thit k y lc va phi tc dng vo kt cu phn di ph hp vi
cc gii hn sau y :
tnh n nh tng th, lc va thit k c coi l mt lc tp trung tc dng

ln kt cu phn di mc nc cao trung bnh hng nm ca ng thu nh trong
hnh 1.
AASHTO cu ng b
tnh lc va cc b, lc va thit k c tc dng nh mt ti trng tuyn thng

ng phn b u dc theo chiu cao ca mi tu nh trong hnh 2. Mi tu c coi l nghing v phia trc khi xc nh din tch tip xc tim tng ca lc
va vi kt cu phn di. i vi va s lan, lc va cc b c coi nh mt ti trng
tuyn thng ng phn b u trn mi s lan nh trong hnh 3.
MHW
Ps
M n c ti ch y dn.
Hnh 3.14.11.1-1 Lc va ca s lan ln tr.
Ps
DB
MHW
M n c ti ch y dn.
RL
PB
DB
HL
RL
Loaded/Empty Draft
AASHTO cu ng b
MHW

3.14.11.2.
thit k kt cu phn trn.
Khi thit k kt cu phn trn, lc va thit k phi tc dng nh mt lc tnh ngang tng ng ln b phn kt cu nhp theo chiu song song vi tim lung vn ti.
3.14.12.
Bo v kt cu phn di.
Kt cu bo v c th c xy dng loi tr hoc lm gim va chm ca tu

thuyn vi phn l ra ca kt cu phn di ca cu bao gm m chn, nhm cc,
kt cu trn cc, chng va, o v lc hn hp ca chng.
C th cho php h thng bo v b h hng nng hoc sp min l cc kt
cu ny chn c tu trc khi va vo tr cu hoc chuyn hng tu i ra khi v tr
tr.
4.
phn tch v nh gi kt cu
4.1.
Phm vi
Phn m t cc phng php phn tch thch hp thit k v nh gi cc loi cu,

nhng ch gii hn trong vic m hnh ho kt cu v xc nh tc ng ca lc (hiu
ng lc ).
Cng c th s dng cc phng php phn tch khc da tren cc tnh cht vt liu c a ra trong cc ti liu , tho mn iu kin cn bng v tnh tng hp.
Nhn chung cc kt cu cu c phn tch trn c s tnh n hi. Tuy nhin phn
ny cho php phn tch khng n hi hoc phn b li hiu ng lc trong mt s
kt cu nhp dm lin tc. N quy nh r vic phn tch khng n hi i vi cc
cu kin chu nn lm vic trng thi khng n hi v c coi nh mt trng hp ca
cc trng thi gii hn c bit (cc hn).
4.2.
Cc nh ngha
Phng php phn tch c chp nhn (Accepted Method of Analysis) phng php
phn tch khng i hi vic xc minh li v tr thnh thng dng trong thc t k
thut kt cu cng trnh.
T s mt ct (Aspect Ratio) T s gia chiu di v chiu rng ca hnh ch
nht.
Cc iu kin bin (boundary conditions) cc c trng hn ch kt cu v mt
lin kt gi hoc tnh lin tc gia cc m hnh kt cu .
ng bao (Bounding) Ly hai hoc nhiu hn cc cc tr ca cc tham s v ng bao c trng nhm t c mt thit k thin v an ton.
Phng php bin dng c in (Classical Deformation Method) Phng php phn
tch trong kt cu c chia thnh cc thnh phn m cng ca chng c tnh
mt cch c lp. iu kin cn bng v tnh tng hp gia cc thnh phn c bo
m bng cch xc nh bin dng ti cc giao din.
AASHTO cu ng b

Phng php lc c in (Classical Force Method) Phng php phn tch trong
kt cu c chia thnh cc thnh phn tnh nh v tnh tng hp gia cc thnh
phn c bo m bng cch xc nh lc ti cc giao din.
Tnh tng hp (iu kin tng thch) (Compatibility) S tng ng hnh hc ca
chuyn ng ti giao din ca cc thnh phn c ni vi nhau.
Tnh phn (Component) Mt n v kt cu i hi phi thit k ring bit, t ny
ng ngha vi t cu kin .
Php kh dn (Condensation) Qu trnh lm gim s phng trnh phi gii bng
chc to mi lin h gia cc bin s phi kh dn nh phn tch cc bin s gi li.
Chiu rng ca li (core Width) Chiu rng ca kt cu nhp lin khi tr i phn
ca bn mt cu.
Mt cu (Deck) Cu kin c hoc khng c lp o ng trc tip chu ti trng ca
bnh xe.
H mt cu (Deck sytem) kt cu phn trn trong kt cu mt cu l mt th
thng nhtvi cc cu kin , hoc khi m tc ng v bin dng ca cc cu kin
c nh hng ng k ti s lm vic ca mt cu.
Bin dng (Deformation) S thay i hnh hc ca kt cu do tc dng ca lc, bao
gm chuyn v dc trc, chuyn v ct hoc chuyn v xoay.
Bc t do (Degree of Freedom) Mt trong s chuyn v tnh tin hoc chuyn v
xoay cn thit xc nh chuyn ng ca mt nt. Dng dch chuyn ca cc cu
kin hoc ton b kt cu c th c xc nh bng s bc t do.
Thit k (Design) - Vic xc nh kch thc v b tr cu to cc cu kin v lin kt
ca cunhm tho mn yu cu ca tiu chun k thut .
Bc t do ng (Dynamic Degree of Freedom) Bc t do trong khi lng hoc
hiu ng ca khi lng c k n.
n hi (Elastic) S lm vic ca cl kt cu trong t l gia ng sut v bin
dng l hng s, V khi lc thi tc dng th vt liu quay tr li trng thi ban u nh
khi cha chu ti.
Phn t (Element) Mt phn ca cu kin hoc b phn c ch to ch bng mt
loi vt liu
Vng bin (End zone) Vng kt cu khng p dng c l thuyt thng thng v dm
do tnh gin on ca kt cu hoc do phn b ti trng tp trung.
Trng thi cn bng (Equilibrium) trng thi c tng lc v mmen i vi bt k
im no trong khng gian u bng khng.
Dm tng ng (Equivalent Beam) Dm gin n cong hoc thng chu c c
tc ng ca lc xon v un.
Di tng ng (Equivalent Strip) Mt phn t tuyn tnh nhn to c tch ra t
mt cu phn tch, trong hiu ng ca lc cc tr tnh cho mt ng ca ti
trng bnh xe, theo phng ngang hoc dc, s xp x bng cc ti trng ny xut hin
tht trn cu.
AASHTO cu ng b

Phng php sai phn hu hn (Finite Diference Method) phng php phn tch
trong phng trnh khng ch c tho mn ch cc im ring bit ca kt cu .
Phng php phn t hu hn (Finite Element Method) Phng php phn tch trong
kt cu c tch ra thnh cc phn t ni vi nhau ti cc nt, Dng ca trng chuyn
v ca cc phn t c gi nh, Tnh tng hp mt phn hoc y s dut gia
giao din ca cc phn t v cc chuyn v nt c xc nh bng cch s dng nguyn
l bin i nng lng hoc phng php cn bng.
Phng php di hu hn (Finite Strip Method) phng php phn tch trong kt
cu c hia thnh cc da nh sng song, dng chuyn v ca di c gi nh v
tnh tng hp tng phn c duy tr gia cc giao din ca cc di, cc tham s chuyn
v ca m hnh c xc nh bng nguyn l bin i nng lng hoc phng php
cn bng.
Phng php bn gp (Forded plate Method) Phng php phn tch trong kt
cu c chia thnh cc bn thnh phn v c hai yu cu v iu kin cn bng v
tnh tng hp c tho mn ti cc giao din gia cc phn t.
Vt bnh xe (Footprint) Din tch tip xc gia bnh xe v mt ng.
Hiu ng lc (bin dng, ng sut hoc hp lc, c ngha l lc dc trc, lc ct,
mmen un, mmen xon gy ra do ti trng to nn bin dng hoc thay i th
tch).
Nn mng (Foundation) cu kin c c sc khng bng chc truyn ti trng
ca n ln nn t hoc nn .
Tc ng khung (Frame Action) Tnh lin tc ngang gia bn mt cu v bn bng
ca mt ct ngang rng hoc gi bn mt cu vi cc cu kin chu lc chnh ca
cc cu rng.
Tc ng khung do gi (frame Action for Wind) S un ngang ca bng dm v
ca phn ging khung nu c, nh vy m ti trng gi ngang c truyn mt phn
hoc ton b ln bn mt cu.
S phn tch tng th (Global Analysis) s phn tch kt cu nh mt tng th.
V tr khng ch (Governing Position) - V tr v hng ca ti trng tc thi gy
ra tc ng cc tr ca hiu ng lc .
Phng php mng dn tng ng (Grillage Analogy Method) Phng php phn
tch m trong ton b hoc mt phn ca kt cu phn trn c tch thnh cc
phn t trc hng a din cho cc c trng ca kt cu .
Tnh khng n hi (inelastic) mi trng thi lm vic ca kt cu m t l
gia ng sut v bin dng khng phi l mt hng s v mt phn ca bin dng vn
tn ti sau khi d ti.
Hot ti ln xe (Lane Live Load) S t hp gia hai trc ca xe hai trc vi ti trng
phn b u, hoc s t hp ca xe ti thit k vi ti trng phn b u theo thit
k .
L thuyt bin dng ln (Large Deffection Theory) Mi phng php phn tch m
cc nh hng ca bin dng ln hiu ng lc lun lun c xt ti.
AASHTO cu ng b

Nguyn tc n by (Lever Rule) Tng momen tnh ta mt im tnh phn
lc im th hai.
ng s tuyn tnh (Linear Response) S lm vic ca kt cu trong bin dng
t l thun vi ti trng.
Phn tch cc b (local Analysis) - S nghin cu theo chiu cao mt ct v quan
h ng sut v bin dng trong cu kin hoc gia cc cu kin bng cch s dng
cc hiu ng lc tnh ton c t nhng phn tch tng th hn.
B phn, cu kin (Member) nh ng ngha v cu kin .
Phng php phn tch (Method Analysis) Phng php dng ton hc xc nh
bin dng, lc v ng sut .
M hnh (Model) S l tng ho theo vt l hoc ton hc ca kt cu hoc mt b
phn ca n phn tch .
Kt cu lin khi (Monolithic construction) cc cu mt hp thp hoc mt hp
btng kt cu nhp cu btng c ti ch c hoc rng, v kt cu nhp cu
c sn bao gm cc phn tch c hoc rng c lin kt cht vi nhau bng cch
to ng lc cng sau theo chiu ngang.
Nt (Node) - im m cc phn t hu hn hoc cc cu kin ca h mng dm
gp nhau. Trong phng php sai phn hu hn, nt l mt im m phng trnh
sai phn c tho mn.
ng s phi tuyn (Nonlinear Response) S lm vic ca kt cu khi vng khng
t l thun vi ti trng do ng sut khng trong phm vi n h, hoc vng gy
ra s thay i kh lnv hiu ng lc hoc do kt hp c hai tnh hung trn.
Trc hng (orthotroplc) Vt th m theo hai hay nhiu phng vung gc nhau th c
tnh cht vt l khc nhau.
Nt dn (panel Point) - im m ng tim cc cu kin giao nhau, thng gp
cu dn, vm, cu dy vng, cu dy vng.
Lin kt cht (pin Connection) Lin kt gia cc cu kin ti mt im bng cht coi
nh khng c ma st.
iu kin bin cht(Pinned End) iu kin bin cho php quayt do, nhng khng
cho php tnh tin trong mt phng tc dng.
im un ngc (Point of Contraflexure) - im m ti chiu m mmen un thay
i , ng ngha vi t im un.
Xe chun xp hng (Rating Vehicle) Dy trc s dng nh mt c s chung th
hin kh nng chu ti ca cu.
cng (Rigidity) hiu ng lc sinh ra bi bin dng n v tng ng trn dn v
chiu di ca cu kin .
Mmen th cp (Secondary moments) - Cc mmen c sinh ra trong kt cu siu
tnh do tc ng ca ko sau.
Chui hoc phng php iu ho (series or Harmonic method) phng php phn
tch trong m hnh ti trng c phn chia thnh cc phn nh thch hp, nhng
AASHTO cu ng b

phn nh vy tng ng vi mt s hng ca chui v hn hi t, nh cc bin dng kt
cu c m t.
Gc cho (Skew Angle) Gc gia ng tim ca gi v ng thng vung gc ca
tim ng.
L thuyt bin dng nh (Small Deflection Theory) C s ca phng php phn
tch m trong c th b qua nh hng ca bin dng n cc hiu ng lc trong
kt cu .
Khong cch gia cc dm (Spacing of Beams) khong cch tim ti tim ca cc ng
gi .
Dm phn b (Spread Beams) Nhng dm khng c tip xc vt l trc tip,
mt cu btng c ti ch.
cng (Stiffness) hiu ng lc pht sinh t bin dng n v.
ng bin (Strain) - gin di trn mt n v chiu di.
Bin ca ng sut (stress Range) - chnh i s gia cc ng sut cc tr.
M hnh con (Submodel) Thnh phn cu thnh ca m hnh ca kt cu tng
th.
Bin dng cng bc (Superimposed deformation) Tc ng ca ln, t bin, thay
i nhit hoc m.
Xe tandem (Tandem) xe c hai trc trng lng bng nhau, t k st nhau v ni
cng vi nhau.
Ti trng bnh xe (Wheel Load) Mt na ca ti trng thit k ca trc xe.
ng chy do (Yield line) - ng khp ni do.
Phng php ng chy do (yield Line Method) Phng php phn tch trong
mt s th ng chy do c th c xem xt xc nh kh nng chu ti trng.
4.3.
A
khiu
= Din tch dm, dm dc hoc b phn kt cu (mm 2).(4.6.2.2.1)
As = Din tch tng cng ca cc sn tng cng (mm2).(4.6.2.6.4)

a
= Chiu di vng chuyn tip ca b rng cnh dm hu hiu ca dm hp

btng (mm) ; c ly gia cc cu kin tng cng dc hoc b rng sn cng
trong mt cu thp trc hng (mm), (4.6.2.6.2), (4.6.2.6.4).
= Khong cch gia cc dm ngang (mm),(4.6.2.6.4)
= Chiu di lp xe (mm), b rng dm (mm), b rng cnh dm o v mi pha

Ca bng dm (mm) (4.6.2.1.8), (4.6.2.6.2)
be
= B rng cnh hu hiu tng ng vi v tr ca tng phn on nhpang xt

quy nh hnh 1 (mm) (4.6.2.6.2)
b0
= B rng bng dm chiu ln mt phng trung tuyn ca kt cu nhp cu
AASHTO cu ng b

(mm), (4.6.2.6.2)
bm = B rng cnh hu hiu cho phn on pha trong ca nhp xc nh theo
hnh 2 (trng hp c bit ca be), (mm), (4.6.2.6.2) .
bn
= B rng cnh hu hiu i vi cc lc php tuyn tc dng ti vng neo

(mm), (4.6.2.6.2).
bs
= B rng cnh c hiu ti cc gi pha trong hoc i vi cnh hng nh

c xc nh nh hnh 2 : trng hp c bit ca be, (mm),(4.6.2.6.2).
= H s lin tc ; tham s cng (4.6.2.1.8), (4.6.2.2.1).
Cm = H s Gradien ca mmen (4.5.3.2.2b) .

C1
= Tham s ca cc gi cho (4.6.2.2.2e).
= Dx/Dy, b rn phn b trn 1 ln (mm), (4.6.2.1.8),(4.6.2.2.1).
Dx
= cng chng un theo phng ca cc thanh ct thp ch (N.mm2/mm),

(4.6.2.1.8).
Dy
= cng chng un theo phng thng gc ca cc thanh ct thp ch

(N.mm2/mm), (4.6.2.1.8).
= Chiu cao ca dm hoc dm dc ph (mm), (4.6.2.2.1).
de
= Khong cch gia bn bng pha ngoi ca dm bin v mp trong ca

va hoc ro chn giao thng (mm), (4.6.2.2.1).
d0
= Chiu cao ca kt cu mhp (mm), (4.6.2.2.2).
= Mdun n hi (MPa); B rng tng ng (mm), (4.5.3.2.2b), (4.96.2.3).
EMOD = Mdun n hi ca cp, c ci bin cho cc hiu ng phi tuyn (MPa),

(4.6.3.7).
e
= H s iu chnh phn b ti trng, khong cch sn trong mt cu thp

trc hng (mm), (4.6.2.6.4).
eg
= Khong cch gia cc trng tm ca dm v mt cu (mm), (4.6.2.2.1).
fc
= ng sut tnh ton nhn h s, c hiu chnh tnh cc hiu ng lc

th cp (MPa), (4.5.3.2.2.2b).
f2b
= ng sut tng ng vi M2b (MPa), (4.5.3.2.2.2b).
f2s
= ng sut tng ng vi M2s (MPa), (4.5.3.2.2.2b).
= H s phn b (4.6.2.2.1).
= Chiu cao trung bnh ca kt cu phn di gi ang c xt (mm)

(4.7.4.4).
H1
= Thnh phn nm ngang ca lc cp (N), (4.6.3.7).
= mmen qun tnh (mm4), (4.5.3.2.2b).
AASHTO cu ng b

Ip
= Mmen qun tnh cc (mm4), (4.6.2.2.1).
Is
= Mmen qun tnh ca di tng ng (mm4), (4.6.2.1.5).
= Hng s xon St.Venant (mm4), (4.6.2.2.1).
= H s chiu di c hiu cho sn vm : hng s cho cc loi kt cu khc

nhau: h s chiu di c hiu ca ct (4.5.3.2.2b), (4.6.2.2.1), (4.6.2.5).
Kg
= Tham s ca cng dc (mm4), (4.6.2.1.5)
= H s s dng tnh ton h s phn b cho cc cu nhiu dm (4.6.2.2.1)
ks
= H s cng ca di (N/mm), (4.6.2.1.5).
= Chiu di nhp ca bn mt cu (mm), chiu di nhp (mm), chiu di nhp

ca dm (mm) 4.6.2.1.8, (4.6.2.2.1).
L1
= Chiu di nhp c sa ily bng gi tr nh nht trong hai gi tr

hoc chiu di nhp thc t hoc 18000mm (4.6.2.3).
L2
= Khong cch gia cc im un ca dm ngang (mm), (4.6.2.6.4).
li
= Chiu di nhp tng ng (4.6.2.6.2).
lu
= Chiu di t do ca thanh chu nn (mm); chiu di ca sn vm (mm)

(4.5.3.2.2b), (4.5.3.2.2c).
= Mmen do hot ti trn kt cu kiu h mng dm c ly y mt phn

hoc ton phn (N-mm/mm), (4.6.2.1.8).
Mc
= Mmen tnh ton nhn h s, c hiu chnh xt cc hiu ng th

cp (N-mm), (4.5.3.2.2b).
MM
= Phng php n hi nhiu dng (4.7.4.3.1).
M1b
= Mmen u thanh c gi tr nh hn ca cc thanh chu nn do ti trng

trng lc sinh ra khng b on nhiu, mang gi tr dng nu thanh b cong
theo ng cong mt chiu, mang gi tr m nu thanh b un cong theo
ng cong hai chiu (N-mm), (4.5.3.2.2b).
M2b
= Mmen trn thanh chu nn do ti trng trng lc tnh ton ( nhn h s)

Khng b on ln tnh theo phn tch khung n hi bc nht quy c, lun
mang gi tr dng (N-mm), (4.5.3.2.2b).
M2s
= Mmen trn thanh chu nn do ti trng trng lc tnh ton ( nhn h s)

sinh ra on ln hn lu/1500 tnh theo quy phn tch khung n hi bc
nht quy c, lun mang gi tr dng (N-mm).
= Chiu di ta ti thiu (mm), (4.7.4.4).
Nb
= S dm , dmdc hay dm t hp (4.6.2.2.1).
Nc
= S trong dm hp btng (4.6.2.2.1).
AASHTO cu ng b

NL
= S ln ng thit k (4.6.2.2.1).
= T s mdun gia dm v mt cu (4.6.2.2.1).
= Ti trng trc xe (N), (4.6.2.1.3).
Pe
= Ti trng ti hn (on dc),le (N), (4.5.3.2.2b).
Pu
= Ti trng tnh ton ( nhn h s) dc trc (N), (4.5.3.2.2b).
= p lc lp xe (Mpa), (4.6.2.1.8).
= H s chit gim tc dng ca lc dc trong cc cu cho (4.6.2.3).
= Khong cch ca cc cu kin (mm), khong cch ca cc dm hoc

bng dm (mm), xin ca gi o t ng thng vung gc vi
nhp (DGE), (4.6.2.1.3), (4.6.2.2.1), (4.7.4.4).
Sb
= Khong cch gia cc thanh ca mng dm (mm), (4.6.2.1.3).
SM
= Phng php deo dng n (4.7.4.3.1).
TH
= Phng php lch s thi gian (4.7.4.3.1).
= chiu di ca bn cnh trong mt cu thp trc hng (mm), (4.6.2.6.4).
tg
= Chiu di li thp hoc tm thp hnh ln sng (mm), (4.6.2.1.1).
t0
= Chiu dy ca lp ph kt cu (mm), (4.6.2.2.1).
ts
= Chiu dy ca bn btng (mm), (4.6.2.2.1).
= B rng t mp ti mp ca cu (mm), Tng trng lc ca dy cp (N)

(4.6.2.2.1), (4.6.3.7).
W0
= Mtna khong cch cc bn bng dm, cng vi tng cc phn hng (mm)
(4.6.2.2.1).
W1
= B rng mp ti mp diu chnh ca cu, ly bng gi tr nh nht tronh
hai gi trhoc btng thc t hoc 1800 (mm),(4.6.2.3)
W
= khong cch t ti trng dn im gi ta (4.6.2.1.3).
= Gc gia dy cp v phng nm ngang (DEG), (4.6.2.2.1).
= Mmen hoc ng sut phng i cho s un ni (4.5.3.2.2b).
= Mmen hoc ng sut phng i cho s un khng ni (4.5.3.2.2b).
= Gc cho (DEG), (4.6.2.2.1).
= H s poisson (4.6.2.2.1).
= H s khng cho nn dc trc (4.5.3.2.2b).
AASHTO cu ng b
4.4.
Cc phng php phn tch kt cu c chp nhn
C th dng bt c phng php phn tch no tho mn yu cu v iu kin cn

bng v tnh tng hp v s dng c mi lin h gia ng sut v bin dng cho loi
vt liu ang xt, chng bao gm cc phng php sau v cn c th m rng hn
na :
Phng php chuyn v v phng php lc c in.
Phng php sai phn hu hn.
Phng php phn t hu hn.
Phng php bn gp.
Phng php gii bng hu hn.
Phng php tng t mng dm.
Phng php chui hoc phng php iu ho khc.
Phng php ng chy do.
Ngi thit k c trhc s dng cc chng trnh my tnh d phn tch kt cu v

gii trnh cng ngh s dng cc kt qu.
Trong ti liu tnh ton v bo co thit k cn ch r tn phin bn v ngy phn
mm c a vo s dng.
4.5.
4.5.1.
M hnh ton hc.

Tng qut.
Cc m hnh ton hc phi bao gm ti trng c trng hnh hc v tnh nng vt liu
ca kt cu v khi thy thch hp, c nhng c trng tng hp ca mng. Trong vic
la chn m hnh phi da vo cc trng thi gii hn ang xt, nh hng, hiu ng lc
ang xt v chnh xc yu cu .
Vic xem xt n cc lan can giao thng lin hp lin tc phi hn chch xt trong cc
trng thi gii hn khai thc v trng thi gii hn mi v trong nh gi kt cu, tr khi quy
nh cho php khc.
Khng xt n cng ca cc lan can, di tng phn cch gia cc lan can giao
thng khng lin tc v mt kt cu trong khi phn tch kt cu .
Phi a cch th hin thch hp v t, lm mng cu vo trong m hnh ton hc
ca nn mng.
Khi thit k ng t phi xt n s chuyn ng tng th v s ho lng ca
t.
4.5.2.
S lm vic ca vt liu kt cu .
4.5.2.1.
n hi v khng n hi.
Khi phn tch phi xt vt liu ca kt cu lm vic tuyn tnh cho n gii hn n
hi ri sau lm vic khng n hi .
AASHTO cu ng b

i vi cc tc ng trng thi gii hn c bit c th xt trong phm vi c n hi v
khng n hi.
4.5.2.2.
S lm vic n hi.
Tnh cht v c tnh ca vt liu n hi phi ph hp vi cc quy nh trong phn

5 v 6. S thay i gi tr ny do s pht trin cng ca btng non tui v cc tc
ng ca mi trng cn ddc a vo m hnh thch hp.
Cc c trng cng ca btng v cc b phn lin hp phi da trn cc mt ct b
nt hoc khng b nt tu theo trng thi lm vic ca kt cu d kin. cng ca
cu dm bn c th da trn s tham gia ton phn ca bn mt cu bng btng.
4.5.2.3.
S lm vic khng n hi.
Cc mt ct ca cu kin c kh nng bin dng khng n hi phi c th hin c

th bin dng do bng s hn ch hoc bng chc khc. Khi swr dng php phn
tch khng n hi th phi xc nh c cu ph hu d tnh trc v cc v tr khp s
xut hin : Trong phn tch kt cu phi xc nhn rng s ph hu do ct, do mt n
nh khi un dc v do mt dnh kt trong cc b phn ca kt cu ch xy ra khi
hnh thnh c cu khng n hi khi un. Cn xt n s chu ti qu mc d kin
ca cu kin m trong khp do s hnh thnh. Phi xt n s ph v tnh nguyn
vn v hnh hc ca kt cu do cc bin dng ln.
M hnh khng n hi phi da trn hoc trn kt qu th nghim hoc trn quan
h gia ti trng bin dng thu c t th nghim. ch no lm vic khng n hi
c th xut hin bng bin php hn ch th mu th bao gm c cc phn t to ra
cc hn ch . ch no ni lc cc tr c d kin l lp li th vic th nghim
cn phn nh bn cht chu k ca chng.
Ngoi tr nhng ch c ghi ch, ng sut v bin dng phi da trn s phn b tuyn
tnh ca ng bin trong mt ct ngang ca cu kin hnh lng tr. Phi xt n
bin dng do ct ca cc cu kin cao. Khng c vt quagii hn v bin dng ca
btng, nh nu trong phn 5.
Phi xt s lm vic khng n hi ca cc cu kin chu nn ti bt c ch no
thch hp.
4.5.3.
Hnh hc.
4.5.3.1.
L thuyt bin dng nh.
Nu bin dng ca kt cu khng to ra s thay i ng k ca ni lc do s tng

lch tm ca cc lc ko hoc nn th c th b qua ni lc ph thm ny.
4.5.3.2.
L thuyt bin dng ln.
4.5.3.2.1. Tng qut.

Nu bin dng ca kt cu gy ra s thay i ng k v hiu ng lc th phi xt
cc tc ng ca bin dng trong phng trnh v iu kin cn bng .
AASHTO cu ng b

nh hng ca bin dng v tnh cht khng thng ca cc cu kin phi c xt khi
phn tch n nh v cc phn tch v bin dng ln. i vi cc cu kin mnh chu
nn, trong phn tch phi xem xt nhng tnh cht ph thuc vo thi gian vf ng
sut gy ra nhng thay i ng k v hnh hc kt cu .
Cc hiu ng tng tc ca cc lc nns v ko dc trc trong cc cu kin lin k nhau
phi c xem xt khi phn tch khung v dn.
Phi dng ti trng tnh ton v khng p dng nguyn l cng tc dng ca hiu ng lc
trong phm vi khng tuyn tnh. Th t t ti trng trong phn tch khng tuyn
tnh phi theo ng th t t ti trn cu thc t.
4.5.3.2.2. Cc phng php tnh xp x.

4.5.3.2.2a Tng qut.
nhng ch c php trong phn 5 v 6, nhng nh hng ca bin dng v hiu ng
lc trn cc ct kiu dm (ct chu nn lch tm) v kiu vm tho mn cc quy nh
ca b tiu chun ny c th xp x bng phng php iu chnh bc n, thng c
gi l phng php phng i mmen.
4.5.3.2.2b S phng i mmen- Ct kiu dm.

Mmen hoc ng sut ti trng c th c tng ln phn nh tc dng ca bin
dng nh sau :
Mc = b.M2b + s.M2s (4.5.3.2.2b-1)
fc = b.f2b + s.f2s (4.5.3.2.2b-2)
Trong :
b =
Cm
1,0
Pu
1
.Pe
(4.5.3.2.2b-3)
b =
1
P
P
u
(4.5.3.2.2b-4)
i vi ct btng thp lin hp ti trng un dc ti hn le, P e phi c xc nh nh trong

iu 6.9.5.1. Vi tt c cc trng hp khc Pe phi c ly nh sau :
Pe =
2 .E.I
( K .lu ) 2
(4.5.3.2.2b-5)
i vi cc thanh btng chu nn, cc quy nh trong iu 5.7.4.3 cng p dng c.i vi cc thanh ging chng on, s ly gi tr bng 1,0 tr khi phn tch cho thy
c th s dng gi tr nh hn.
Vi cc thanh khng c ging chng on, phi xc nh b nh cc thanh c ging v xc
nh s nh cc thanh khng c ging.
AASHTO cu ng b

Vi cc thanh c ging chng on v khng c ti trng nganggia cc gi ta, c th ly
nh sau :
C m = 0,6 + 0,4
M 1b
0,4
M 2b
(4.5.3.2.2b-6)
M 1b
c coi l dngnu cu kin b un theo cong 1 chiu v m nu b
M 2b
un theo cong hai chiu.
T s
Vi tt c cc trng hp khc
Cm = 1,0
Trong cc cu kin khng c ging chng on, cc cu kin chu un v cc phn

mng to thnh khung, cu kin chu nn phi c thit k chu tng cc mmen
u mt ca cu kin chu nn ti im ni.
Khi cu kin chu nn b un theo c hai trc chnh, mmen ti mi trc c nhn vi
, c xc nh t cc iu kin hn ch tng ng i vi trc .
Khi nhom cc cu kin chu nn trn mt cao bao gm m kiu khung hoc chng
c ni chc chn vi cng mt kt cu phn trn v tt c cng chng s on ca kt
cu, gi tr ca s phi c tnh cho nhm cu kin Pu v Pe tng ng vi tng
ca tt c cc ct trong nhm.
4.5.3.2.2c S phng i cc mmen- Cc loi vm.

Mmen do hot ti v lc xung kch tnh c nh php phn tch bin dng nh
phi c tng ln bng h s phng i mmen b nh ch ra trong iu 4.5.3.2.2b, vi
cc nh ngha sau :
lu = = 1/2 chiu di ca sn vm (mm)
K
= H s chiu di hu hiu nh ch ra trong bng 1
Cm = 1,0
T l chiu cao/
nhp
0,1- 0,2
0,2 0,3
0,3 0,4
Vm 3 khp
Vm 2 khp
Vm ngm cng
1,16
1,13
1,16
1,04
0,70
1,16
0,70
0,70
0,72
4.5.3.2.3. Cc phng php chnh xc.

Cc phng php phn tch chnh xc phi da trn khi nim v cc lc tho mn s
cn bng ti v tr ca bin dng .
4.5.4.
Cc iu kin bin ca m hnh.
Cc iu kin bin phi th hin c cc c tnh ca gi ta v tnh lin tc.

Phi m hnh ho cc iu kin ca mng sao cho th hin c cc tnh cht ca t
nm di mng cu, tc dng tng h gia cc vi t v cc tnh cht n hi ca cc.
AASHTO cu ng b
4.5.5.
Cu kin tng ng.
C th m hnh ho cc cu kin khng c hnh dng lng tr bng cch chia nh cc

thnh phn thnh mt s cc phn t khung c c trng v cng i din chon
kt cu thc t ti v tr ca cu kin .
C th m hnh ho cc cu kin hoc cc nhm cu kin ca cc cu c hoc
khng c mt ct thay i nh mt cu kin n tng ng, min l th hin tt c
cc c trng v cng ca cc cu kin hoc nhm cc cu kin. Cc c trng v
cng tng ng c th t c bng cc phng php gii c nghim kn, tch phn
s, phn tch m hnh con, phng php chui tng t song song.
4.6.
4.6.1.
Phn tch tnh hc.

nh hng hnh hc phng.
4.6.1.1.
T s mt ct phng.
Chiu di nhp ca cu kin phn trn vi cc mt ct kn cng chu xon v t qu

2,5 ln chiu rng ca n, th cu kin pghndf trn c th c l tng ho nh dm
n gin. Cc nh ngha v kch thc sau y phi c dng p dng tiu chun
ny.
B rng : B rng phn li ca bn mt cu lin khi hoc khong cch trung

bnh gia cc mt ngoi ca cc bn bng bin.
Chiu di i vi cc cu ta gin n hnh ch nht : khong cch gia cc mi

ni ca bn mt cu.
Chiu di i vi cc cu lin tc hoc cu cho : Chiu di ca cnh di nht

ca hnh ch nht m c th v c trong mt bng ca b rng ca nhp b
nht, nh nh ngha y.
4.6.1.2.
Cc kt cu cong trong mt bng.
4.6.1.2.1. Tng qut.

Cc on ca kt cu phn trn cong ngang c cc mt ct kn cng chu xon m
gc tm c i din b mt nhp cong hoc mt phn ca n nh hn 12.0 0 , c
th c phn tch nh cc on thng.
nh hng ca cong c th b qua trong cc mt ct h vi bn knh cong sao cho
gc tm c i din v mt nhp nh hn gi tr cho trong bng 1.
Bng 4.6.1.2.1-1 - Gc gii hn tm cho php b qua cong khi xc nh mmen
un ban u.
S dm
Gc cho 1 nhp
Gc cho 2nhp v hn 2 nhp
0
2
2
30
0
3 hoc 4
3
40
5 hoc hn
40
50
AASHTO cu ng b
4.6.1.2.2. kt cu phn trn cng chu xon loi dm n gin.

C th phn tch kt cu phn trn cng chu xon un cong theo phng nm
ngang tho mn iu kin ca iu 4.6.1.1 v cac hiu ng lc tng th nh i vi
m c ssng cong.
V tr ng trc ca loi dm ny phi ly theo ng i qua tm ca mt ct, v
phi tnh lch tm ca ti trng bn thn theo phng php th tch.
kt cu phn trn kiu nhiu dm.
4.6.1.2.3.
Kt cu phn trn theo phng ngang m khng phi l cc dm n cng chu xon
c th c phn tch theo cacs m hnh, trong cc on ca dm dc c gi thit
thng gia cc giao im. lch tm thc t ca phn on gia cc giao im
khng c vt qu 2.5% chiu di ca phn on.
4.6.2.
Cc phng php phn tch gn ng.
4.6.2.1.
Mt cu.
4.6.2.1.1. Tng qut.

Phng php phn tch gn ng trong mt cu c chia thnh nhng di nh
vung gc vi cc cu kin phi c xem nh chp nhn c i vi cc kt cu nhp
khng phi loi mng dm c ly y mt phn hoc ton phn khi p dng cc quy
nh iu 4.6.2.1.8. Khi p dng phng php di th phi ly mmen dng cc tr
trong bt c pa-nen sn gia cc dm t ti cho tt c cc vng c mmen dng.
Tng t phi ly mmen m cc tr trn bt c dm no t ti cho tt c cc
vng c mmen m.
4.6.2.1.2. Kh nng p dng.

i vi nhng loi mt cu c nhng cu kin ch to sn, c th c php dng cc
cng c tr gip thit k thay cho phn tch kt cu, nu tnh nng ca kt cu nhp
cu c lp thnh h s v c nhng lun c k thut tho ng. Ngi k s phi
chu trch nhim v chnh xc v vic dng ca bt k tr gip thit k no em
p dng.
4.6.2.1.3. B rng ca cc di tng ng bn trong.

C th ly b rng di tng ng ca mt cu theo bng 1. Khi kt cu nhp cu
ch yu t theo hng song song vi hng xe chy, cc di nh ti trng trc xe
khng c ly ln hn 1000mm cho h mng dm kiu h, khng c ly ln hn
3600mm cho tt c cc loi mt cu khc m xt vic cht ti ln nhiu ln. Cc
di tng ng cho mt cu m c nhp di ch yu bt qau hng ngang th khng c gii hn b rng nhng k hiu sau y p dng cho bng 1
S = khong cch
P = ti trng trc xe (N)
Sp = khong cch ca cc thanh trong h mng dm (mm)
AASHTO cu ng b

+M
= mmen dng
-M= mmen m
X = kt cu t ti trng n im gi ta (mm)
Bng 4.6.2.1.3-1 Cc di tng ng
Loi kt cu nhp
Hng ca di chnh lin
quan ti giao thng
Btng:
Phn hng
c ti ch
c ti ch c vn Hoc song song hoc
khun
bng vung gc
btng
li Hoc song song hoc

vung gc
vnh vin
c sn cng sau
Thp :
Cc dm ch chu lc
Cc dm ch chu lc
H mng dm
H mng dm lp Cc dm ch chu lc
y
1
phn
hoc ton phn
H mng dm
khng lp , lin
hp
B rng ca di chnh
1140 + 0,833X
+M: 660 + 0,55S
-M: 1220 + 0,25S
+M: 660 + 0,55S
-M:1220 + 0,25S
0,007P +4,0Sb
p dng iu 4.6.2.1.8
p dng iu 9.8.2.4
4.6.2.1.4. B rng di tng ng ti cc mp ca bn

4.6.2.1.4a Tng qut
Khi thit k, phi xem nh c dm bin quy c l mt di bng c chiu rng c quy
nh di y cng thm b phn tng chiu dy cc b gn lin vi n hay b phn
nh ra c ti trng tc dng tng cng ch bn mt cu. Phi gi thit cc dm bin
mt hng bnh xe, nu thch hp, thm mt phn no ca ti trng ln thit k.
4.6.2.1.4b Cc mp dc.
khi mt cu ch yu c nhp bt theo hng xe chy, b rng c hiu ca di, c
hoc khng c dm bin, c th ly gi t bng tng ca: khong cch gia mp ca
bn vi b mt trong lan can giao thng, cng vi 300mm v cng vi 1/2 b rng ca
di nh trong iu 4.6.2.1.3 hoc 4.6.2.3 (ly cho ph hp), nhng chiu rng hu hiu
khng c ly vt qu 1 trong 2 gi tr :hoc b rng ton b di hoc 180mm.
4.6.2.1.4c Cc mp ngang
B rng hu hiu ca di , c hoc khng c dm bin c th ly bng tng ca :
khong cch gia mp ngang ca bn v ng trc ca gi , thng l bng dm cng
vi 1/2 b rng ca di nh trong iu 4.6.2.1.3, nhng khng vt qu b rng di tng
cng, nh iu 4.6.2.1.3.
AASHTO cu ng b
4.6.2.1.5. Phn b ti trng bnh xe

Nu khong cch ca cc cu kin theo hng ph vt qu 1,5 ln theo hng chnh ,
tt c cc ti trng bnh phi coi nh t ln ti chnh v cc quy nh trong iu
9.7.3.2 c th c p dng cho hng ph.
Nu khong cch ca cc cu kin theo hng ph vt qu 1,5 ln theo hng chnh ,
th mt cu phi c m hnh ho nh mt h cc di giao nhau .
B rng ca cc di tng ng theo c hai hng c th c ly nh trong bng 4.6.2.1.31.
Mi ti bnh xe s c phn b gia hai di giao nhau. s phn b phi c xc nh
bng t s gia cng ca di v tng ca cc cng ca cc di giao nhau .Nu
khng c s tnh ton chnh xc hn th cng c ly c lng nh sau:
Ks =
E.l s
S3
(4.6.2.1.5-1)
4.6.2.1.6. 4.6.2.1.6 tnh ton cc hiu ng lc

Cc di phi c coi nh cc dm lin tc hoc dm gin n. chiu di nhp phi c
ly bng khong cch tm n tm gia cc cu kin . Nhm xc nh hiu ng lc
trong cc di , cc cu kin phi c gi thit l cng v hn .
Cc ti trng bnh xe c th c m hnh ho nh ti trng tp trung hoc nh ti trng
vt m chiu di dc theo nhp s l chiu di ca din tch tip xc c ch trong
iu 3.6.1.2.5 cng vi chiu cao ca bn mt cu. Cc di cn c phn tch bng
l thuyt c in.
Mt ct thit k cho cc mmen m v lc ct c th c ly nh sau:
cho dm hp btng v c lin khi : mt cu kin .
Cho dm thp : 1/2 b rng cnh dm k t ng tim ca gi
Cho dm btng c sn dng ch T hoc I : 1/3 b rng ca cnh dm nh ng khmg vt qu 380mm tnh t ng tim ca gi.
Trong iu ny, mi bn bng dm ca dm hp thp hoc btng c th coi nh l

mt cu kin ring bit.
4.6.2.1.7. Hiu ng ca kt cu khung trong mt ct ngang

Khi mt cu l mt phn khng tch ri ca mt ct nhiu ngn hoc mt ct hnh
hp th cng un hoc xon ca cc thnh phn ca mt ct , tc l t cc
bng dm v bn y dm c th gy ra ni lc ng k trong bn mt cu. Phi a
cc thnh phn vo trong tnh ton bn mt cu .
Nu chiu di ca phn on khung c m hnh ho nh b rng ca di tng ng
c th s dng cc quy nh ca cc iu 4.6.2.1.3 ; 4.6.2.1.5 v 4.6.2.1.6.
AASHTO cu ng b
4.6.2.1.8. S phn b hot ti trn h mng dm c lp y 1phn

hoc phn
Cc mmen tnh theo n v N-mm/mm ca h mng dm do hot ti trong cc mng
dm c ;lp y mt phn hoc ton phn c th c xc nh nh sau :
cc thanh chnh nmg ngang hng xe chy :
M = C.l.p.D0,25[42,3ln(0,039S)-7].
(4.6.2.1.8-1)
Cc thanh chnh song song vi hng xe chy:
M = C.p[8060.D0,29.n(0,039S)-10200.D0,46]l/100
Khi cc kt qu khng c sn , th h s cng D c th c ly nh sau :
Cho mng dm c ph y c ton phn t nht bng lp ph ton khi dy

38mm ...........2,0
Cho tt c cc loi li c ;lp y ton phn khc ...................2,5
Cho mng dm c ph y mt phn t nht bng lp ph lin khi bng

38mmm............8,0
Cho tt c cc loi mng dm c ph y mt phn khc .....................10,0
4.6.2.1.9. Php phn tch khng n hi

ch u t c th cho php dng phng php phn tch phn t hu hn khng n
hi.
4.6.2.2.
cc loi cu dm bn.
4.6.2.2.1. Phm vi p dng

Nu khong cch gia cc tim dm vt qu phm vi p dng c ch ra trong cc bng
4.6.2.2.2a-1 n 4.6.2.2g-1, hot ti trn mi dm l phn lc ca cc ln chu ti da
trn nguyn l n by tr khi c quy nh khc.
quy nh ca iu 3.6.1.1.2 khng dng cho cc h s ln vi phng php ti trng xp
x khc so vi cc phng php mmen tnh hoc phng php n by v cc h s
c a vo trong cc h s phn b .
Cc loi cu no khng tho mn cac quy nh ca iu ny phi c phn tch nh
iu 4.6.3.
S phn b hot ti, nh trong cc iu 4.6.2.2.2 v 4.6.2.2.3 c th c s dng cho cc
dm t hp, dm v cc dm dc ph m khng phi l dm thp nhiu hp c mt
cu btng tho mn cc iu sau ay v bt c iu kin no khc c a ra trong
cc bng v cc h s phn b trong quy nh y:
B rng ca mt cu l hng s
S dm khng nh hn 4 tr khi c quy nh khc
Cc dm song song vi nhau c cng xp x nhau.
AASHTO cu ng b
Phn ng xe chy ca phn hng, d0 khng vt qa 910mm, tr khi c quy

nh khc.
cong trong mt bng nh hn gii hn c nu trong iu 4.6.1.2
mt ct ngang ph hp vi mt trong nhng mt ct trong bng 1
Nu c s khc bit mc nht nh so v chiu rng bn khng i hoc s

song song gia cc dm th c th s dng cc phng trnh trong bng h s phn
phi v ly theo gi tr thch hp ca c ly dm.
Cc yu cu thm v dm thp nhiu hp vi bn mt cu btng c nu trong iu
4.6.2.2b.
Khi cc cu tho mn cc iu kin nu ra y, ti trng thng xuyn ca bn mt
cu v trn bn mt cu c th c phn b u trong s cc dm hoc cc dm
dc.
H s phn b hot ti nu y c th c s dng cho php v nh gi cc loi
xe m tng b rng ca chng so snh c vi b rng ca xe ti thit k .cc k hiu
sau y c p dng cho bng 4.6.2.2.2 dn 4.6.2.2.3
A = Din tch ca dm dc ph, dm hoc dm t hp (mm2)
b = B rng ca dm (mm)
C = Tham s cng
d = Chiu cao ca dm hoc dm dc ph (mm)
d0 = Khong cch gi tim bn bng pha ngoi ca dm bin v mp trong ca
b va hoc lan can giao thng (mm)
D = B rng phn b trn ln (mm)
e = H s iu chnh
g = H s phn b
Ip = Mmen qun tnh cc (mm4)
J = Mmen chng xon St. venant
K = Hng s cho cc loi kt cu khc
Kg = Tham s cng dc (mm4)
L = Nhp ca dm
Nb = S dm, dm dc ph hoc dm t hp
Nc = S ngn trong mt dm hp btng
NL = S ln thit k nu trong iu 3.6.1.1.1
S = Khong cch ca cc dm hoc cc bng dm (mm)
tg = Chiu dy ca li thp hoc tm thp ln sng (mm)
t0 = Chiu dy ca lp ph(mm)
ts = Chiu dy ca bn btng (mm)
W = Chiu rng mp n mp ca cu (mm)
AASHTO cu ng b

W0
= 1/2 khong cch bng dm, cng vi tng phn hng (mm)
= Gc cho ()
= H s Poisson
Tr phi c quy nh khc, cc tham s cng i vi din tch, mmem qun tnh
v cng chng xon c s dng dy v trong cc iu 4.6.2.2.2 v 4.6.2.2.3
phi c ly theo mt ct ngang trn chu tc dng ca ti trng giao thng m
thng thng l mt ct lin hp .
Tham s cng dc , Kg phi c ly theo :
Kg=n(I+A.eg 2)
n=
(4.6.2.2.1-1)
EB
ED
Trong :
EB = Mdun n hi ca vt liu dm (Mpa)
ED = Mun n hi ca vt liu bn (Mpa)
I = Mmen qun tnh ca dm (mm4)
eg = Khong cch gia cc trng tm ca dm c bn v bn mt (mm)
Cc thng s A v I trong phng trnh 1 phi ly theo dm khng lin hp
Tham kho cc loi cu trong Bng 4.6.2.2.2 n Bng 4.6.2.2.3theo hnh 1, c th i
din cho loi cu p dng cho mi phng trnh tnh ton gn ng vi n.
Bt k phng php phn tch no c p dng , tc l phng php xp x hay phng
php chnh xc , cc dm bin ca cu nhiu dm khng c c sc khng nh hn sc
khng ca dm trong, tr phi iu 2.5.2.7.1 cho php p dng .
Bng 4.6.2.2.1.1 kt cu phn trn mt cu ph bin c nu trong cc iu 4.6.2.2
v
4.6.2.3.
AASHTO cu ng b
AASHTO cu ng b

Cu kin
Dm thp
Loi mt cu
Mt ct in hnh
Mt cu btng c
ti ch , c sn, li
(a)
thp.
Cc hp kn bng btng Mt cu btng c
c sn hoc bng thp ti ch
Cc hp h bng btng Mt cu btng c
c sn hoc bng thp ti ch, mt cu
btng c sn
Hp c ti ch c nhiu Btng ton khi
ngn
(c)
(d)
Dm btng c ti ch Btng ton khi

hnh ch T
(e)
Cc loi hp btng l rng,

c hoc c nhiu ngn
c c sn v c cc kho
chng ct
Hp btng dng ngn ,
rng hay c c c
sn c cc kkho chng
ct v c hoc khng c
cp d ng lc cng sau
theo chiu ngang
Mt ct dng mng c
sn c cc kho chng ct
Lp mt btng c
ti ch
Mt ct ch T kp btng
c sn c kho chng c
c hoc khng c cp d
ng lc cng sau theo
chiu ngang
Mt ct ch T btng c
sn c kho chng ct c
hoc khng c cp d ng
lc cng sau theo chiu
ngang
Mt ct ch I hoc ch T
bo btng c sn
Btng ton khi
(f)
Btng ton khi

post
tenslon
(g)
Lp mt btng c
ti ch
(h)
post
tenslon
(I)
Btng ton khi

post
tenslon
(J)
Btng ti ch ,
btng c sn
(k)
4.6.2.2.2. phng php h s phn b dng cho mmen v lc ct

4.6.2.2.2a Cc dm gia vi mt cu btng
C th xc nh mmen un do hot ti i vi cc dm gia vi mt cu btng bng
cch p dng phn s ln xe nh trong bng 1.
thit k s b , cc s hng Kg/(L.ts3) v I/J c th ly bng 1.0.
AASHTO cu ng b

i vi cc dm btng , tr dm hp c s dng trong cc h mt cu, nhiu dm c
kho chng ct .
pho dng cc vch ngn cng u dn v dy m bo phn b ti trng

hp l.
Nuds c ly cc sn ca dm c sn nh hn 1200mm hoc ln hn 3000mm

phi s dng php phn tch chnh xc tun theo iu 4.6.3.
i vi dm thp nhiu hp ca mt cu btng , mmen do hot ti c th c xc

nh bng chc s dng h s phn b nu trong bng1.
Khi c ly ca cc dm hp bin i theo chiu di ca cu, phi xcnh gi tr ca
NL theo iu 3.6.1.1.1 bng chc s dng b rng W ly ti gia nhp.
Bng 4.6.2.2.2a-1 Phn b hot ti theo ln i vi mmen trong cc dm gia
Loi Dm
Mt ct
Cc h s phn s
Phm vi p dng
thch hp ly
t bng
4.6.2.2.1-1
Mt cu
Cho a, e ,k
Mt ln thit k chu ti :
1100 S 4900
0 ,1
0, 4
0,3
btng mt
cng cho l,j
110ts300
S S K g
0,06 +
3
cu kiu
nu c lin
6000L73000
4300 L L.t s
mng dm lp kt
Nb4
Hai hoc hn hai ln thit k
y hoc
lm vic nh
chu ti:
mng dm lp mt khi
0 ,1
0,6
0, 2
mt phn trn
S S K g
0,075 +

dm thp
3
2900 L L.t s
hoc btng;
Dng gi tr nh nht trong hai
Nb = 3
dm btng
gi
tr
hoc
tnh
t
phng
ch T mt
trnh trn vi :
ct ch T
Nb = 3 hoc theo nguyn tc
hoc T kp
n by
Dm hp
btng nhiu
ngn
S 300
1,75 +
1100 L
0 , 35
N
0
0 , 45

chu ti :
13
N
0
Mt btng
b,c
trn cc dm
hp btng m
rng
0, 3
0 , 25
S 1

430 L
S
910
0 , 35
S .d
2
L
0 , 25
hai hoc ln hn hai ln thit

k chu ti :
0 ,125
S S .d
0,6 2
1900 L
AASHTO cu ng b
2100S4000
18000L73000
N03
Nu N0>8 th
dng N0 = 8
1800S3500
6000L4300
450d1700
Nb 3

Dm btng
c dng trong
mt cu
nhiu dm
f
g nu c lin
kt
lm vic nh
mt khi
Dng nguyn tc n by
0,3
b
k
2,8 L
Trong :
k= 0,25(Nb)-0,2 1,5
Hai hoc hn hai ln chu ti:
b
k
7600
Dm btng
c dng trong
mt cu
nhiu dm
h
g;i;j nu ch
c lin kt
ngn
chn s
chuyn dich
thng ng tng i tai
mt tip xc
Mt cu dng
li thp t
trn dm thp
Mt cu
btng t
trn dm thp
nhiu hp
b,c
0 , 25
I

J
0, 6
b

L
0, 2
I

J
S 3500
900 b 1500
6000L37000
5 Nb s20
0 , 06
S ln chu ti bt k : S/D
Trong :
C = K(W/L)
D = 300[11,5 Nc +1,4NL(10,2C)2.......]
D = 300(11,5-NL)
(1 + ).I
K=
thit k s b c th s
dng cc gi tr sau y ca K :
Loi dm
K
Dm ch nht khng khot l
0,7
Dm ch nht c l trn
0,8
Dm mt ct hp
1,0
Dm hnh mng 2,2
Dm T
2,0
Dm T kp
2,0
Mt ln thit k chu ti:
S1800mm
S/2300 nu tg < 100mm
S3200mm
S/3050 nu tg 100mm
chu ti :
S/2400 nu tg < 100mm
S/3050 nu tg 100mm
S ln chu ti bt k
N
0,5 L 1,5
N L 0,425
Nb
+
0,05 + 0,85
Nb N L
4.6.2.2.2b Cc dm gia vi cc dm thp ln sng

C th xc n mmen un do hot ti i vi dm gia c mt cu l tm thp l n
sng bng cch p dng phn s ln , g nu trong bng 1
Bng 4.6.2.2.2b-1 Phn b hot ti trn ln i vi cc mmen trn cc dm gia vi mt
cu l tm thp ln sng.
1 ln thit k chu ti 2 hoc hn 2 ln thit k chu ti
Phm vi p dng
AASHTO cu ng b

S
2800
S
2700
S 1700; t g 50
4.6.2.2.2c Cc dm bin.
C th xc nh mmen un do hot ti i vi cc dm bin bng cch p dng phn
s ln, g nu trong bng 1.
Khong cch d0 phi c ly gi tr dng nu bn dm bin vo pha trong ca mt
trong ca tay vn lan can v m nu pha ngoi ca b va hoc lan can trong
giao thng.
Trong cc koi mt ct cu kiu dm bn c vch ngn hoc khubng ngang, H s
phn b i vi dm bin khng c ly gi tr b hn gi tr tnh theo gi thit mt
ct ngang vng xung v quay nh mt mt ct cng tuyt i. Phi p dng cc quy
nh ca iu 4.6.1.1.2.
Bng 4.6.2.2.2c-1 Phn b hot ti theo ln i vi mmen trong dm dc bin.
Loi kt cu nhp Mt
ct
1 ln
2 hoc hn 2 ln
Phm vi p
thch hp ly thit k thit k chu ti
dng
t
bng chu ti
4.6.2.2.1-1
Mt cu btng Cho a,e,k v Quy tc g = e.gbn trong
mt cu dng li cng c th n by
d
300de1700
e = 0,77 + e
lp y hoc lp cho i,j nu c
2800
mt phn trn dm lin kt cht
Dng gi tr trong Nb = 3
btng hoc thp; ch lm
hai gi tr hoc
Dn btng ch T vic nh mt
tnh theo phng
hoc mt ct T khi.
trnh trn hoc
hoc T kp.
tnh theo nguyn
tc n by.
Dm hp btng d
We
We
WS
g=
g=
nhiu ngn, dm
4300
4300
hp.
Mt cu btng b,c
Quy tc g = e.gbn trong
0de1400
trn
dm
hp
n by
d
1800<S350
e = 0,97 + e
btng m rng
0
8700
Dm btng s f,g
dng treong kt
cu nhp nhiu
dm
h
AASHTO cu ng b
Dng quy tc n S > 3500

by
Quy tc g = e.gbn trong
-300de600
n by
de
e = 0,97 +
8700
Quy tc n by

Dm btng, tr
dm hp, c s
dng trong mt
cu nhiu dm
1,j nu ch Quy tc
lin kt n by
ngn chn s
chuyn
v
thng ng tng i ti
mt tip xc
Mt cu dng li a
Quy tc Quy tc n by
thp trn cc dm
n by
thp.
Mt cu btng b,c
Nh trong bng a-1
trn dm thp
nhiu hp.
Khng
dng
Khng
dng
4.6.2.2.2d Cu cho.
Khi tim ng ca cc gi ta l cho v sai khc gia cc gc cho ca hai ng k
nhau ca cc gi ta khng vt qu 100 th c th gim mmen un trong dm theo
bng 1.
Bng 4.6.2.2.2d-1 gim ca cc h s phn b ti trng i vi mmen ca cc dm
dc trn cc gi ta cho
Dng kt cu nhp
Mt ct thch S ln chu ti bt k
Phm vi p dng
hp ly t bng
4.6.2.2.1-1
Mt cu btng, Choa,e,k
v 1-c1(thi gian )1,5
300600
0 , 25
mt cu dng li lp cng dng cho
K g S 0 ,5 1100S4900
y hoc lp mt i,j nu c lin c1 = 0,25 3

6000L73000
L.t g L
phn trn dm btng kt cht
Nb 4
hoc thp; dm ch lm Nu <300 th c1 = 0,0
btng ch T, mt vic nh mt Nu > 600 th s
ct T hoc t kp.
khi.
dng = 600.
Mt cu btng trn b,c,f,g
1,05-0,25 tg 1,0
0 600
dm hp btng m
Nu > 600 th s
rng.
dng = 600.
Dm btng v mt
ct T kp s dng
trong cc kt cu
nhiu nhp.
4.6.2.2.2e Mmen un v lc ct trong dm ngang h mt cu.

Nu mt cu c ta trc tip ln dm ngang h mt cu th h mt cu c thit
k cho cc ti trng c xc nh theo bng 1
Cc phn s cho trong bng 1 phi c s dng cng vi mt ti trng trc thit k
145KN. i vi cc c ly ca cc dm ca h mt cu nm ngoi phm vi p dng
cho, th t c cc hot ti thit k phi cu kin xt v c th s dng quy tc n
by.
AASHTO cu ng b

Bng 4.6.2.2.2e-1 Phn b hot ti theo ln i vi mmen v lc ct cho dm ngang.
Loi mt cu
Phn s ca ti trng bnh xe Phm vi p dng
cho mi dm sn.
S
Btng
S 1800
Li thp
Li thp
Tm mt cu thp ln sng
1800
S
1400
S
1800
S
1700
tg 100
S 1500
tg 100
S 1800
Tg 50
4.6.2.2.3. Phng php h s phn b cho lc ct.

4.6.2.2.3a Cc dm gia.
C th xc nh lc ct do hot ti i vi cc dm gia bng cch p dng ccphn s
ln nh cho ra trong bng 1. i vi cc loi dm gia khng c it k trong bng 1, s
phn b ca bnh xe hoc trc nm k gip u nhp dm phi tnh theo quy tc
n by.
thit k s b s hng I/J c th ly bng 1.
i vi cc dm hp btng s dng trong mt cu nhiu dm, nu gii hn I hoc J
khng tun theo cc gii hn trong bng 1 th h s phn b cho lc ct c th c ly
bng gi tr dng cho mmen.
4.6.2.2.3b Cc dm bin.
Phi xc nh lc ct do hot ti i vi cc dm bien bng cch p dng cc phn s
ln nu trong bng 1. i vi cc trng hp khng nu bng 4.6.2.2.3a-1 v bng 1 th
s phn b hot ti trn cc dm bin c xc nh bng cch p dng quy tc n by.
Tham s de phi c ly gi tr dng nu bng dm bin nm vo pha trong ca b
va hoc ca lan can giao thng v m nu n nm ra pha ngoi.
Phi p dng cc quy nh ph cho cc dm bin ca cc loi cu dm bn c cc
khung ngang hoc vch ngn, nh trong diu 4.6.2.2.2c.
Bng 4.6.2.2.3b-1 s phn b hot ti theo ln i vi lc ct trong dm bin.
Dng kt cu Mt
ct 1 ln thit k 2 ln hoc hn Phm vi p dng
nhp
thch hp ly chu ti
2 ln thit k
t
bng
chu ti
4.6.2.2.1-1
Mt cu btng, Cho a,e,k v Quy tc n g = e.gbn trong
-300de1700
mt cu dng li cng cho i,j by
de
e = 0,6 +
lp y hoc nu c lin
3000
lp 1 phn trn kt
chc
Quy tc n Nb = 3
dm
btng chn
by
hoc
thp; lm vic nh
Dm T btng, mt khi
mt ct T hoc
T kp
AASHTO cu ng b

Dm
btng d
nhiu ngn, dm
hp
Mt cu btng b,c
trn dm hp
btng m rng
Dm hp btng
c s
dng
trong kt cu
nhp cu nhiu
dm
Dm btng tr
dn nhiu hp
c s
dng
trong kt cu
nhp nhiu dm
f,g
Quy tc n g = e.gbn trong

by
d
e = 0,64 + e
3800
by
d
e = 0,8 + e
3050
Quy tc n
by
by
de
e = 1,02 +
15000
-600de1500
0de1400
S>3500
300de600
h
Quy tc n Quy tc n Khng p dng
by
I,j nu ch by
lin kt
ngn
chn
chuyn v tng
i
thng ng
ti mt tip
xc
Mt cu li thp a
Quy tc n Quy tc n Khng p dng .
trn dm thp
by
by
Mt cu btng b,c
Nh chia trong bng 4.6.2.2.2a-1
trn dm thp
nhiu hp
4.6.2.2.3c Cc cu cho.
Phi iu chnh lc ct trong dm bin ti gc t ca cu khi ng tim ca gi ta b
cho, Phi ly gi tr ca h s iu chnh t bng 1 v p dng nh cch phn ln
nu trong bng 4.6.2.2.3a-1 i vi dm bn trong bng 4.6.2.2.3b-1 i vi cc dm
bin.
Khi xc nh lc ct u dm trong cc cu nhiu dm phi p dng iu chnh cho
tt c cc dm ti gc t.
Bng 4.6.2.2.3c-1 H s iu chnh cho cc h s phn b ti
gc t.
Dng kt cu Mt ct thch hp H s iu chnh
nhp
ly
t
bng
4.6.2.2.1-1
0,3
Mt cu btng, Cho a,e,k v cng
L.t s3
tan
mt cu dng li cho c i,j nu lin 1,0 + 0,20
K s
lp y hoc kt chc chn

lp mt phn lm vic nh
AASHTO cu ng b
trng i vi lc ct ti
Phm vi p dng
00600
1100S4900
6000L73000
Nb4

trn dm btng mt khi.
hoc
thp;
Dm
btng
dng ch T, mt
ct ch T hoc
T kp.
Dm hp btng d
nhiu ngn, cc
dm hp
Mt cu btng b,c
trn dm hp
btng m rng
1,0 +
Dm hp btng f,g
s trong kt cu
cu nhiu nhp
dm
4.6.2.3.
1,0 + 0,25 +
70
d
1,0 +
tan
Ld
tan
6S
L tan
90d
00600
1800S4000
6000L73000
900d 2700
Nb3
00600
1800S3500
6000L43000
450d1700
Nb3
00600
6000L37000
430d1500
900b1500
5Nb20
B rng di tng ng i vi cc loi cu bn.
iu ny phi c p dng cho tt c cc loi cu btng c ti ch v cng c ti ch

c b dy lp t p trn cng khng qu 600mm. Nm iu ch phc v cho iu
ny, cc loi cu bn c l rng c ti ch c th c coi l cu bn.
B rng tng ng theo ln ca cc di dccho c lc ct v mmen cho mt ln, tc
l hai ng ca bnh xe t ti c th c xc nh nh sau :
E = 250 + 0,42 L1 .W1
(4.6.2.3-1)
B rng tng ng theo ln ca cc di dc cho c lc ct v mmen vi s ln chu
ti ln hn mt c th xc nh nh sau:
E = 2100 + 0,12 L1 .W1
W
NL
(4.6.2.3-2)
Trong :
E = B rng tng ng (mm)
L1 = Chiu di nhp c iu chnh, ly bng gi tr nh hn ca nhp thc
t hoc 18000mm.
W1
= B rng mp ti mp c iu chnh ca cu, c ly bng gi tr nh

hn ca b rng thc t hoc 18000mm, nu chu ti trng trn nhiu ln,
hoc 9000mm nu chu ti trng trn mt ln. (mm)
W = B rng vt l mp ti mp ca cu (mm)
AASHTO cu ng b

NL = S ln thit k ly theo iu 3.6.1.1.1
i vi cu cho, cc hiu ng lc dc c th c gim i bng h s r :
r = 1,05 0,25tg1,0
Trong :
= Gc cho ()
4.6.2.4.
Cu dn v vm.
Quy tc n by c th c s dng phn b ti trng trong dn v vm khi chng

c phn tch nh cc kt cu phng. Nu phn tch khng gian c s dng, th
hoc quy tc n by hoc chc cht ti trc tip ln mt cu hoc h mt cu
c th c s dng.
Khi cc ti trng khng phi l trng lng bn thn ca cc cu kin v ti trng gi trn
, c truyn ln dn ti cc im nt, th dn c phn tch nh mt t hp kt cu
c lin kt cht.
4.6.2.5.
H s chiu di c hiu K
Chiu di thc t ca ct phi c nhn vi h s chiu di c hiu,K, b vo cc

iu kin bin v chuyn ng quay v tnh tin khc vi cc u ct lin kt cht.
Nu khng c phn tch chnh xc hn, khi n nh bn c gia c bi h ging
cho hoc cc phng tin chc chn khc, th h s chiu di c hiu trong mt
phng ging, K, i vi cc thanh chu nn trong dn tam gic, dn thng v khung c
th c tnh nh sau :
Vi lin kt bulng hoc hn c hai u : K = 0,750
Vi lin kt cht c hai u : K = 0,875
Cc loi dn kiu vierendeel phi c coi nh cc khung khng c ging.
4.6.2.6.
B rng cnh dm hu hiu
4.6.2.6.1. Tng qut

Khi khng iu kin phn tch chnh xc hn v hoc tr khi c quy nh khc
th phi c tnh nh di y i vi tr s gii hn ca b rng bn btng, xem nh b
rng hu hiu trong tc dng lin hp xc nh sc khng ca trng thi gii hn, khi
tnh vng cn xt trn c s ton b chiu rng cnh dm. Khi tnh b rng cnh
dm hu hiu, chiu di nhp hu hiu c th ly bng nhp thc t i vi cc nhp
n gin v bng khong cch gia cc im thay i mmen un (im un ca
biu mmen) ca ti trng thng xuyn i vi cc nhp lin tc, thch hp c
mmen dng v m.
i vi b rng cnh dm hu hiu ca cc dm gia c th ly gi tr nh nht ca:
1/4 chiu di nhp hu hiu
12 ln dy trung bnh ca bn cng vi s ln nht ca b dy bng dm

hoc ly 1/2 b rng ca cnh trn ca dm
AASHTO cu ng b
khong cch trung bnh ca cc dm lin k nhau
i vi cc dm bin, b rng cnh dm hu hiu c th c ly bng 1/2 b dy hu

hiuca dm trong k bn, cng thm tr s nh nht ca :
1/8 ln chiu di nhp hu hiu
dy trung bnh ca bn cng vi s ln hn gia 1/2 dy bng dm hoc

1/4 b rng cnh trn ca dm chnh
B rng ca dm chnh.
4.6.2.6.2. Cc dm hp v dm btng phn on v cc dm mt hp

c ti ch.
C th gi thit cc b rng cnh dm hu hiu bng b rng cnh thc nu nh :
b 0,1li
b 3 do
Ngc li, c th ly b rng hu hiu ca cc cnh cn li nh quy nh trong hnh 1

n 4 trong :
d0 =
Chiu cao ca kt cu nhp (mm)
b =
B rng thc t ca cnh tnh t bng dm ra mi pha ngha l b 1,b2,b3

trong h3 (mm)
be =
B rng cnh hu hiu tng ng vi v tr c th ca on nhp kho

st nh quy nh trong hnh 1 (mm)
bm =
B rng cnh hu hiu ca cc phn nhp bn trong nh quy nh

hnh 2 : l trng hp c bit ca be (mm)
bs =
B rng cnh hu hiu tr pha trong hoc cnh hng c xc nh

theo hnh 2 trng hp c bit ca be (mm).
a =
Phn on nhp chu mt ng truyn theo b rng cnh hu hiu

c tnh bng gi tr nh nht trong hai gi tr hoc l b rng cnh
thc tnh t bng dm ra mi pha nh trong hnh 3 hoc 1/4 chiu di
nhp.
li =
Chiu di nhp quy c nh trong hnh 1 vi iu ch xc nh chiu

rng cnh hu hiu ly theo hnh 2.
Ch cc gii thch sau :
Trong mi trng hp, b rng cnh hu hiu khng c ly ln hn b rng cnh

thc.
C th b qua nh hng ca vic cht ti khng i xng n b rng cnh

dm c hiu.
AASHTO cu ng b
Phi tnh gi tr ca bs, bng s ln nht trong hai chiu di nhp lin k vi tr
Nu bm < bs trong mt nhp, c th xc nh s b b rng hu hiu bn trong

nhp bng cch ni ng c b rng hu hiu bs vo cc im gi k nhau
cng tc dng cc ni lc cc b v ni lc tng th, c th gi thit s phn b
ng sut do ni lc tng th gy ra c mt s ng thngph hp vi hinhf
3c. Cn xc nh s phn b ng sut tuyn tnh l phn b ng sut khng
i vi cc iu kin l lc trong cnh dm khng thay i v b rng cc i
ca phn b ng sut tuyn tnh trn mi bn ca bng dm hu hiu.
Cc tnh cht ca mt ct i vi cc lc php tuyn c th da trn s nh hnh 4

hoc c xc nh bng phaep phn tch chnh xc hn.
H
S bm/b
Dm n gin
l1 = 1,01.l
bm
bs
bs
Dm
lin tc
Nhp cui
l1 = 0,8.l
0.1l
0.1l
bm
Nhp gia
l1 = 0,6.l
bm
bs
bs
Cnh hng l1 = 1,5.l
bm
bs
Hnh 4.6.2.6.2-1 S cc b rng cnh dm hu hiu b e , bs , v bm.
AASHTO cu ng b

1
be1
be2
be2
be1
d0
be3
b3
1
be3
b3
be2
be1
be2
be1
be3
b3
be2
be1
b0
be3
b3
ng sut khng
i trong bm do
chu un
be2
be1
b0
Phn b tuyn tnh ca ng sut trong c nh tr n.

Hnh 4.6.2.6.2-3 Cc mt ngang v b rng cnh dm hu hiu tng ng be theo un
v ct.
AASHTO cu ng b

1
bn
b0
bn
bn
bn0
A
bn
bn0
bn
30
b0
bn
bn
A
bn
30
30
Hnh 4.6.2.6.2-4 B rng cnh dm hu hiu b n theo lc php tuyn.
4.6.2.6.3. Kt cu nhp nhiu ngn c ti ch .

B rng hu hiu ca cc kt cu nhp nhp nhiu ngn btng c ti ch c ly nh
trong iu 4.6.2.1 ,vi mi bn bng coi nh mt dm hoc bng chiu rng ton phn
ca bn mt cu .Trong trng trng hp sau nh hng ca lc ct tr trong vng nin
phi c kho st li .
4.6.2.6.4. Mt vcu thp trc hng .

B rng hu hiu ca bn tc dng nh cnh trn ca mt sn cng dc hoc mt sn
cng ngang nh ch ra trong bng 1
Bng 4.6.2.41 B rng c hiu cabn mt cu cng lm vic vi sn .
Tnh ton cho
a +e
0
Cc tnh cht mt
ct sn tnh
ton cng ca
bn v hih ng un
ca tnh ti
Cc tnh cht mt
ct sn tnh
ton hiu ng un do
hot ta bnh xe
AASHTO cu ng b
a0=a
a0+e0=a+e
a0=1.1a
a0+e=1.3(a+e)

B rng c hiu ca bn ,bao gm bn mt cu v cc sn , tc dng nh cnh trn ca
cu kin dc hoc dm ngang ca kt cu phn trn c th c xc nh bng phng php phn tch c chp thun hoc s ly theo hnh 1.
Nhp hu hiu ,nh L1 v L2 trong hnh mt phi c ly bng nhp thc t cho cc
nhp n v khong cch gia cc im un ca tnh ti cho cc nhp lin tc .
Hnh 4.6.2.6.4-1-B rng hu hiu ca bn mt cu .
K hiu sau y p dng khi s dng hnh 1 xc nh b rng hu hiu ca bn
tc dng cng vi dm ngang .
B =khong nh trong hnh 1 (mm).
L1,L2=khong cch gia cc dim un nh trong hnh 1 (mm).
As =Tng din tch cung sn cng tng cng (mm) .
T = dy ca bn cnh (mm).
i vi phn cng xn ca dm ngang L phi c ly bng 2ln chiu di ca cng xn
.
4.6.2.7.
Phn b ti trng gi ngang trong cu nhiu dm .
4.6.2.7.1. Mt ct ch I
Trong cc cu c kt nhp lin hp ,kt cu nhp khng lin hp c nch btng v cc
lo kt cu nhp cu khc c kh nng lm vic nh mt tm cng nm ngang ,phi gi
thit ti trng gi ln na trn ca dm bin ln mt sn ,xe c ,lan can v cc cu kin
ph trn cu s try\uyn trc tip ln kt cu nhp ,ang lm vic nh tm cng nm
ngang , ri truyn ti trng n cc gi ta .Phi gi thit ti trng gi trn na di
ca dm bin s tc dung vo hng ngang vo cnh di dm .
i vi cc cu c kt nhp khng lm vic nh mt tm cnh nm ngang th phi p
dng nh mt quy tc n by cho vic phn b ti trng gi ln cc cnh trn v di ca
dm .
phi gi thit cc cnh trn v di ca dm chu ti trng gi ngang truyn ti trng
ng n cc im ging lin k bng tc ng un .Nhng im ging nh vy t
ti cc nt ging gi hoc ti khung ngang v v tr vch ngn .
Cc lc ngang tc dng ln cc im ging qua cnh dm phi c truyn n cc gi
ta bng mt trong cc ng ti sau y :
Tc dng gin ca ging gi ngang trong mt phng cnh dm .
Tc dng khung ca cc khung ngang hoc cc vch ngn truyn lc ln mt cu

hoc ging gi trong mt phng cnh dm khc ,v sau qua tc dng vch
ngn ca mt cu ,hoc tc dng gin ca ging gi ln cc gi ta .
S un theo chiu ngang ca cnh dm do cc lc ngang gy ra v tt c cc

cnh dm khc trong cungf mt mt phng s truyn lc ln cc u cui ca
nhp ,v d khi mt cu khng c tc dng nh mt tm cng nm ngang v
khng c ging gi trong mt phng ca c hai cnh dm .
AASHTO cu ng b
4.6.2.7.2. Mt ct hnh hp .
ca lc gi tc dng ln mt ct hnh hp s tc dng ln cnh di ca dm hp bn
ngoi .Mt ct c gi thit chng li lc gi bao gm cnh di v mt phm ca
thn dm bh c xc nh trong phn 5 &6 ,phi gi thit 3/4 cn li ca lc gi ln
mt ct hnh hp ,cng vi lc gi ln xe c ,barie v cc chi tit ph khc c truyn
n cc gi ta qua tc ng vch ngn ca mt cu .Phi c ging ngang gia cc hp
nu mt ct d kin chng li lc gi khng thch hp
4.6.2.7.3. Thi cng .

nhu cu v ging gi ti trong qu trnh xy dng phi c kho st mt cu mt ct
ch I .
4.6.2.8.
S phn phi ti trng ngang do ng t
4.6.2.8.1. Phm vi p dng .

Cc iu khon c p dng trong cc vch cng ,cc khung ging v cc h ging
Ngang tc l nhng b phn ca h thng chu lc ngang do ng t ni chung ,i
vi cc dm bn nm trong cc vng ng t cp 2&3 .Cc iu khon trong iu
3.10.9.2 c p dng i vi vng cp 1.
4.6.2.8.2. Cc tiu chun thit k.

Ngi k s thit k phi chng minh l c mt ng truyn ti trng r rng v trc
tip xung h tng c s ca cng trnh v tt c cc kt cu, cc mi lin kt c
kh nng chu tc dng ca ti trng ph hp vi ng truyn ti trng chn.
Dng truyn lc trn ng truyn ti trng gi nh phi ph hp vi tt c cc thnh
phn kt cu v cc chi tit b tc ng bao gm nhng khng phi ch gii hn nh th,
cc bn cnh v vch ng ca cc dm hay dn ch, cc khung ging ngang, cc lin
kt, cc mt phn gii ca dm-bn vi tt c cc b phn ca h thng gi cu
truyn t mt phn gii ca cnh trn thng qua s khng ch ca cc bu lng neo
hoc ca cc b phn tng t khc ca kt cu bn di.
Trong vic phn tch v thit k cc vch ngn u v cc khung ging, cn xt ti
h gi theo phng nm ngang vi mt s lng gi thch hp.
mnh v cc yu cu v lin kt ca cc cu kin ging tham gia vo h thng chu
lc theo phng ngang phi ph hp vi cc iu khon c ch nh cho vic thit k
cc cu kin chnh.
Cc b phn ca cc vch ngn v khung ging ngang do ngi thit k xc nh v c
coi nh mt phn truyn ti trng ng t t kt cu bn trn xung, cc gi phi c thit k v cu to vn gi c tnh n hi (cn c vo cc tiu chun p dng
cho din tch th) khi chu mi trn ng t thit k bt k loi gi no. Cc
iu khon dng thit k cc cu kin chnh s c p dng cho cc b phn trn.
AASHTO cu ng b
4.6.2.8.3. S phn b ti trng.

Cn phi thit lp c mt tuyn ng truyn ti trng vng vng truyn ti trng
theo phng ngang xung ti mng, cn c vo cc c im v cng ca mt
cu, ca cc vch ngn, cc khung ging ngang v h thng ging ngang. Tr trng hp
cn c s nghin cu k cng hn th cn phi gi nh sp s mt ng truyn ti
trng nh di y :
i vi nhng cu c :
Mt cu bng btng c kh nng tc dng nh mt tm cng nm ngang
Mt h ging nm ngang trong mt phng ca bn cnh trn.
Cc ti trng ngang tc dng vo mt cu c th coi nh ng truyn trc tip ti

cc gi thng qua cc vch u hoc khung ging. Vic tnh ton v phn
tch tuen ng truyn ti trng thng qua mt cu hoc thng qua h ging
ngang trn cng nu c, s cn c vo cc tc dng v mt kt cu tng t nh khi
phn tch i vi ti trng gi.
i vi nhng cu m :
Cc mt cu khng tc dng nh mt tm cng nm ngang
Khng c h ging ngang trong mt phng ca cnh trn
Cc ti trng ngang tc dng ln mt cu phi c phn phi thng qua cc vch

ngn v khung ging trung gian ti f ging ngang di v sau ti cc gi
thng qua cc vch ngn u theo t l vi cng tng i ca chng v khi lng tng ng ca mt cu.
Nu khng c h thng ging ngang di v nu bn di khng chu tc dng

ca lc th cn c s dng gii php th nht v mt cu cn c thit k v
cu to chi tit sao cho c tc dng nh mt tm cng nm ngang cn thit.
4.6.2.9.
Phn tch cc cu btng nhiu t
4.6.2.9.1. Tng qut.

C th p dng s phn tch n hi c l thuyt dm xc nh mmen, lc ct
v vng thit k. Phi xem xt cc nh hng do co ngt v t bin, thay i nhit
cng nh nh hng do bin dng ct chm. S bin dng do ct chm s c nghin
cu ph hp vi cc iu khon ca iu 4.6.2.9.3.
i vi nhp ln hn 75000mm th khi nh gi cc kt qu v phn tch n hi cn
cp ti cc s bin i c th c v mun n hi ca btng, cc s bin i
v tnh cht co ngt, t bin ca btng v nh hng ca nhng bin i trong tin
trnh thi cng ti cc yu t ny v cc thng s thit k khc.
4.6.2.9.2. Cc m hnh chng v ging.

Cc m hnh chng v ging. C th c p dng v phn tch trong cc vng ti
trng hoc vng c gin on v hnh hc.
4.6.2.9.3 Chiu rng hu hiu ca bn cnh.
AASHTO cu ng b
4.6.2.9.3. Chiu rng hu hiu ca bn cnh dng cho vic tnh ton
ng sut khi chu ti khai thc c th c xc nh theo iu khon
ca iu 4.6.2.6.2
Cc c tnh v mt ct i vi cc lc php tuyn c th c xc nh theo hnh
4.6.2.6.2-4 hoc bng cch phn tch cht ch hn.
C th tnh ton lc un, lc ct v lc php tuyn vi cc sc khng c h s t ng ng
kh nng chu ti ca mt mt ct ngang theo trng thi gii hn v cng c th c
xc nh vi gi thit l ton b cnh chu nn.
4.6.2.9.4. Phn tch theo phng ngang.

Khi thit k theo phng ngang i vi cc t dm hp, phi xem xt t nh khung
hp cng. Bn cnh hp dm s c tnh ton nh l cc mt ct c chiu dy thay
i, c k n phn tng cng gc gia cnh v sn hp. Cc ti trng do bnh xe tc
dng phi c t sao cho c mmen cc i v phi dng phng php phn tch n
hi xc nh s phn b theo chiu dc ca ti trng bnh xe i vi mi v tr
t ti. Cn xem xt ti s gia tng ca lc ct vch v cc nh hng khc i vi lc
ct ngang do ti trng lch tm hoc do s mt i xng hnh hc ca kt cu.
C th p dng theo cc iu khon ca cc iu 4.6.2.1 v 4.6.3.2 khi thit lp mt
nh hng, v d nh cc mt nh hng do Hemberg (1968) v Pucher (1964), hoc phng php phn tch n hi khc, tnh hot ti cng thm vi nh hng ca mmen
tc ng vo cnh trn ca mt ct hp.
Khi phn tch theo phng ngang phi xem xt ti s co rt n hi t bin ngang do tc
dng ca ng sut gy ra cng nh xt n co ngt, Cn phi xt n mmen th
cp do d ng sut trong khi tnh ton ng sut theo trng thi gii hn khai thc v trong
vic nh gi li kt cu. Trong trng thi gii hn v cng , tc dng ca lc th cp
pht sinh do ng sut, vi h s vt ti l 1,0 s c cng i s thm vo cc tc dng
ca lc gy ra do tnh ti v hot ti tnh ton (c h s) v cc ti trng khc.
Khi tnh ton theo phng ngang i vi kt cu nhp cu dm nhiu t th c th
tin hnh ph hp vi cc iu khon ca iu 4.6.2.
4.6.2.9.5. Phn tch theo phng dc.

4.6.2.9.5a Tng qut.
Khi phn tch theo phng dc cc cu btng c phn on phi xem xt ti bin php
thi cng c bit v tin trnh thi cng cng nh nh hng theo thi gian, co ngt, t
bin btng v mt mt d ng sut.
Phi xt n nh hng ca mmen th cp pht sinh do d ng lc trong tnh ton ng
sut theo trng thi gii hn v s dng. Trong trng thi gii hn v cng , tc dng ca
lc th cp gy ra do d ng lc vi h s vt ti 1,0 phi c cng i s thm vo cc
ti trng tnh ton (c h s) khc cho thch hp.
4.6.2.9.5b Phn tch kt cu khi lp dng.

Vic phn tch kt cu trong bt k giai on thi cng no cng phi xem xt ti cc t
hp ti trng, ng sut v n nh trong thi cng nh ch dn trong iu 5.14.2.3.
AASHTO cu ng b
4.6.2.9.5c Phn tch h thng kt cu trng thi hon thnh.

p dng cc iu khon trong iu 5.14.2.2.3
4.6.3.
Phng php phn tch chnh xc.
4.6.3.1.
Tng qut.
C th s dng cc phng php ot chnh xc lit k trong iu 4.4 phn tch cc

cu. Trong phn tch nh vy, phi xem xt ti t l hnh hcca cc cu kin v tr
v s nt, v cc c trng khc v hnh dng c th nh hng n chnh xc ca
li gii thch.
Cc lan can giao thng hoc di phn cch gia c kt cu lin tc ;m vic lin hp vi
cc cu kin , c th c coi c tc dng v mt kt cu trong cc trng thi gii hn
s dng v trng thi gii hn mi.
Khi s dg phng php phn tch chnh xc, bng v cc h s phn b hot ti cho
cc ni lc cc tr trong mi nhp phi cung cp trong cc ti liu bo co thit k
gip cp giy php v phn loi cu.
4.6.3.2.
Mt cu.
4.6.3.2.1. Tng qut.

Tr khi c khc, phi xt n bin dng xon v un ca mt cu, ring bin dng
ct thng ng c th b qua trong tnh ton.
nhng v tr gin on un, ti lc ct c theer truyn qua, phi m hnh ho nh
cc khp.
Khi phn tch cc loi mt cu c th nt hoc tch ra dc theo cc ng bin ca kt
cu khi chu ti, h s poisson c th c b qua. Ti trng bnh xe c th c m
hnh ho nh mt vt ti trng phn b trn din tch theo quy nh ca iu
3.6.1.2.5, v m thm mt khong bng na chiu dy ca mt sn trn tt c bn
pha.
4.6.3.2.2. M hnh bn ng hng.

Trong m hnh bn ng hng, kt cu nhp cu c c chiu cao khng i
hoc gn nh khng i, v cng ca chng gn nh tng ng trong mi hng
trong mt phng phi c coi nh ng hng.
4.6.3.2.3. M hnh bn trc hng.

Trong m hnhf bn trc hng, cng chng un ca cc phn t c th c phn b
u dc theo mt ct ngang ca kt cu nhp cu. Khi cng chng xon ca
kt cu nhp cu khng ch c to ra bi tm bn c vi dy khng i, th
cng chng xon phi c xc nh bng th nghim vt l hay bng phep phn
tch khng gian hoc cc phng php phn tch gn ng ni chung c xc minh
v chp nhn.
AASHTO cu ng b
4.6.3.3.
Cu dm bn.
T l phng din ca cc phn t hu hn v panel h mng dm khng c vt qu

5,0. Cn trnh s thay i t ngt v kch thc v dng ca cc phn t hu hn.
Cc ti trng nt phi tng ng tnh hc vi ti trng thc t tc dng .
4.6.3.4.
Cc cu hnh hp v cu nhiu ngn.
Php phn tch chnh xc v cu nhiu ngn c th thc hin bng bt k ph ng

php phn tch no nh ch ra trong iu 4.4, ngoi trqf phng php ng chy do, n
xt n hai chiu trn mt bng v m hnh ho cc iu kin bin. Cc m hnh
nhm iu ch nh vnh xon hoc cc tc ng khung ngang phi l m
hnh ba chiu.
i vi cc mt ct hp n, kt cu nhp c th phn tch nh dm c sn cho c
cc hiu ng un v xon. Hp thp khng c coi l hp cng xon tr khi c h
ging trong duy tr mt ct hp cng. V tr ngang ca cc gi ta phi c
m hnh ho.
4.6.3.5.
Cu dn.
Php phn tch khung khng gian hoc khung phng chnh xc cn bao gm vic
xt n cc vn sau:
Tc ng lin hp vi mt cu hoc h mt cu.
Tnh lin tc gia cc cu kin .
Cc hiu ng lc do ti trng bn thn ca cc cu kin, s thay i hnh hc

do bin dng v dch chuyn dc trc ca cc nt.
S on trong v ngoi mt phng ca cc cu kin bao gm c vnh ban

u, tnh lin tc gia cc cu kin v nh hng ca lc dc trc c mt trong
cc cu kin ny.
S on ngoi mt phng ca m thng ca cc cu dn thp khng c h ging gi

trn phi c kho st. Nu dn c n nh bn nh cc khung ngang m cc dm
ngang l mt phn ca chng, th bin dng ca cc dm ngang do ti trng xe phi c xt n.
4.6.3.6.
Cu vm.
Cn p dng cc quy nh trng iu 4.6.3.5 ch thch hp.

Hiu ng gin di ca cp treo phi c xt n khi phn tch thanh ging vm.
Khi khng khng ch c bng cu to hp l th phi xt n s co ngn ca sn
vm.
Phi s dng php phn tch bin dng ln cho cc vm ca cc nhp ln hn thay
cho s iu chnh phng i mmen nh trong iu 4.5.3.2.2c.
Khi s phn b ng sut gia m thng v m h ca vm dn b ph thuc vo cch
lp dng, th cch lp dng phi c ch r trong cc ti liu hp ng.
AASHTO cu ng b
4.6.3.7.
Cu dy vng.
C th xc nh s ohn b ni lc cho cc b phn ca cu dy vng hoc bng

php phn tch phng hoc phn tch khng giannu c chng minh thng qua
nghin cu hnh hc ca tr thp, s mt phng dy v cng chng xon ca kt
cu mt cu.
Phi kho st cc cu dy vng v ni lc khng tuyn tnh c th do cc yu t sau
gy ra :
Thay i vng cp trong mi trng thi gii hn .
Bin dng ca kt cu dm cu v cc tr thp trong mi trng thi gii hn .
Tnh khng tuyn tnh ca vt liu trong cc trng thi gii hn c bit.
C th kho st vng ca dy cp bng cch s dng cu kin t ng ng ca m

hnh ho nh mt thanhvi mun n hi c thay i theo phng trnh 1 cho cngs
tc thi v theo phng trnh 2 theo cch tnh lp i lp li, ng vi s thay i ti
trng cp.
1
E MOD
EAW 2 ( cos )
= E 1 +
12 H 3
E MOD
( H 1 + H 2 ) EAW 2 ( cos ) 5
= E 1 +
24 H 12 .H 22
(4.6.3.7-1)
1
(4.6.3.7-2)
Trong :
E = Mun n hi ca cp (MPa)
W = Tng trng lng ca cp (N)
A = Din tch mt ct ca cp (mm2)
= Gc gia cp v phng nm ngang ()
H,H1,H2
= Thnh phn nm nngang ca lc cp (N)
S thay i hiu ng lc do vng c th kho st bng cch s dng phng php

bt k tho mn cc quy ng trong iu 4.5.3.2.1, v c xt n s thay i h ng
ca cc u dy vng.
Cu dy vng phi c tnh ton n tnh hung mt mt dy vng bt k.
4.6.3.8.
Cu treo dy vng.
Cc hiu ng lc trong cu treo dy vng phi c phn tch bng l thuyt bin dng
ln i vi ti trng thng ng. Cc hiu ng ca ti trng gi phi c phn tch c
xt s tng cng do keo cng ca cc day cp. cng chng xxon ca dm cu
c th b qua khi t lc tc dng ln cc dy cp , cc thanh treo ca cc thnh phn
ca dn tng cng.
AASHTO cu ng b
4.6.4.
S phn b li mmen m trong cu dm lin tc
4.6.4.1.
Tng qut
Ch u t c th cho php xem xt phn b li cc hiu ng lc trong cc cu kin

nhpn dm cp nhiu dm hoc dm t hp . S lm vic khng n hi ch c
gii hn xt i vi chu unm ca dm hoc dm t hp khng cho php xt s lm
vic khng m hi do lc ct hoc s on dc khng kim xot c . S phn b li
ti trng khng c xt n trong phng ngang.
S gim cc mmen trn cc gi ta ca cc nhp gia do s phn b li phi km theo
tng mmen dng tng ng trong cc nhp.
4.6.4.2.
Phng php chnh xc
Cc mmen m trn gi ta, c xc nh bng cc phng php phn tch n hi

tuyn tnh c th c gim i bng s phn b li khi xt ddn cc c tnh mmen
quay ca mt ct , hoc bng cc phng php c cu c cng nhn. Mi quan h
mmen chuyn ng quay phi c thit lp bng chc cc c tnh ca vt liu ,
nh ch ra trong ti liu ny hoc bng th nghim vt l.
4.6.4.3.
phng php gn ng
thay cho php phn tch c m t trong iu 4.6.4.2 c th s dgn phng php
phn b li c n gin ho cho cc dm thp v btng, nh ch ra trong cc phn
5 v 6.
4.6.5.
n nh.
Khi tnh ton n nh phi s dng l thuyt bin dng ln.
4.6.6.
Phn tnh v gradien nhit .
Khi vic xc nh cc hiu ng lc do gradien nhit thng ng c ra, th php

phn tch cn xt n dn di dc trc, bin dng un v cc ng sut bn trong .
Cc gradien phi nh quy nh trong iu 3.12.3.
4.7.
4.7.1.
Phn tch ng lc hc.

Nhng yu cu c bn v ng lc hc kt cu.
4.7.1.1.
Tng qut
phn tch s lm vic ng hcca cu, cng, khi lng v cc c tnh

chng rung ca cc thnh phn kt cu phi c m hnh ho.
S bc t do t nht c tnh n tronmg php phn tch phi da trn mt vi tn
s t nhin tm cj v tin cy ca cc dng dao ng gi thit. M hnh phi
tng thch vi chnh xc ca phng php gii. Cc m hnh ng hc phi bao hm
cc kha cnh lin quan n kt cu v kch rung. Cc kha cnh lin quan n kt
cu c th bao gm:
S phn b khi lng
AASHTO cu ng b
S phn b cng
Cc c tnh gim rung
Cc kha cnh c lin quan n s kch rung c th bao gm:
Tn s ca hm s lc
Thi gian t ti
Hng t ti.
4.7.1.2.
S phn b khi lng.
Vic m hnh ho khi lng phi c thc hin c xt n mc ca phn gii

trong m hnh, v s chuyn gn d kin.
4.7.1.3.
cng
Cn phi c m hnh ho nht qun vi bc t do c chn nhm th hin cc

dng t nhin v cc tn s t nhin ca dao ng. cng ca cc phn t ca m
hnh phi c quy nh hco ph hp vi cu ang c m hnh ho.
4.7.1.4 Gim rung
B chng rung nht tng ng c th c s dng th hin tnh tiu nng.
4.7.1.4.
Cc tn s t nhin (Tn s dao ng ring)
Nhm iu ch ca iu 4.7.2 v tr khi c ch u t ch r, phi s dgn cc

dng v cc tn s dao ng ring khng gim rung n hi. Nhm iu ch ca cc
iu 4.7.4 v 4.7.5 phi xt n tt c cc dng v cc tn s chng rung lin quan.
4.7.2.
ng s ng hc n hi
4.7.2.1.
Dao ng do xe c
Khi cn s phn tch v tc ng ng hc tng h gia cu v hot ti, ch u t

cn ch r hoc chp thun nhm b mt ,vn tc v cc c tnh ng hc
ca xe c a vo trong php phn tch. H s xung kch phi c ly bng t s gia
hiu ng lc ng hc c cc tr v hiu ng lc tnh tng ng trong mi trng hp ti
trng ng cho php s dgn khng c nh hn 50% ti trng ng cho php c nu
trong bng 4.6.2.1-1, ngoi ra khng cho php gim i vi cc khe ni mt cu.
4.7.2.2.
Dao ng do gi
4.7.2.2.1. Cc vn tc gi.
i vi cc kt cu quan trng nhy cm vi cc tc ng ca gi , v tr v ln ca
cc gi tr v p lc cc tr v sc ht phi c xc nh bng th nghim trong tulen
gi.
AASHTO cu ng b
4.7.2.2.2. Cc hiu ng ng hc.

Cc kt cu nhy cm ca gi phi c phn tch v cc hiu ng nh hc nh sc
lc ca gi xoa hoc gi git, tc ng tng h gia gi v kt cu khng n nh
nh s rung, vy. Cc kt cu mnh hoc d un xon phi c phn tch v on
ngang, nn qu mc v lch tm.
4.7.2.2.3. Nghin cu thit k.

Bin dng dao ng di tc ng ca gi c th dn n cc ng sut qu mc,s mi
kt cu ,v s phin phc hoc bt tin cho ngi dng. Mt cu, dy vng v cp
treophi c bo v trnh b gi xoy qu mc v cc dao ng do ma gi. Khi p dng
thc t, vic s dng cc b chng rung hoc s thay i hnh hc khng hin thc,
th h kt cu phi c thay i t c s kim sot .
4.7.3.
ng s ng hc khng n hi.
4.7.3.1.
Tng qut.
Trong khi chu tc ng ca ng t v va chm tu thuyn, nng lng c th lm tiu

i bng mt hoc nhiu c ch sau y :
bin dng n hi v khng n hi ca vt th c th va chm vi kt cu .
bin dng khng n hi ca kt cu v cc vt th gn lin vi n.
Chuyn v khng hi phc ca cc khi lng ca kt cu v cc vt gn vi n.
Bin dng khng n hi ca cc b phn tiu nng chuyn dng.
4.7.3.2.
Cc khp do v cc ng chy do.
phn tch, nng lng hp th c bi bin dng khopong n hi trong thnh phn
kt cu c th c gi thit l tp trung ti cc khp do v cc ng chy do. V tr
ca nhng mt ct ny c th bng php xp x lin tip t c li gii st hn
v nng lng c hp th. i vi cc mt ct ny, cc ng cong mmen chuyn ng
quay c th c xc nh bng cch s dng cc m hnh vt liu phn tch c
kim tra.
4.7.4.
Phn tch v ti trng ng t.
4.7.4.1.
Tng qut.
Phithc hin cc yu cu phn tch ti thiu v cc hiu ng ng ttheo quy

nh trong bng 4.7.4.3.1-1.
i cc phng php phn tch theo kiu dng c quy nh trong cc iu 4.7.4.3.2 v
4.7.4.3.3 phi tnh ph thit k n hi theo phng trnh 3.10.6.1-1.
i vi cc cu nm trong vng ng t cp 1 khng cn thit phi phn tch v ti
trng ng t bt k tm quan trng v hnh dng ca n. Tuy nhin phi tun theo
cc yu cu ti thiu nh trong cc iu 4.7.4.4 v 3.10.9.
AASHTO cu ng b
4.7.4.2.
Cc cu mt nhp .
Khng cn phn tch ng t i vi cc cu mt nhp d n nm trong vng ng

t .Phi thit kt kin kt ga kt cu v cc m cu theo cc yu cu ti thiu v
lc nh trong i 3.10.9 .
Cc yu cu v b rng ta ti thiu s phi tha mn ti mi m cu nh trong iu
4.7.4.4 .
4.7.4.3.
cc cu nhiu nhp .
4.7.4.3.1. La chn phng php .

i vi cc kt cu nhiu nhp phi thc hin cc yu cu phn tch ti thiu theo quy
nh trong bng 1 .trong :
*
=Khng cn n phn tch ng t .
UL
=Phng php n hi ti trngphn b u .
SM
=Phng php n hi dng n .
MM
=Phng php n hi dnh phc
TH
=Phng php lch s thi gian
Bng 4.7.4.3.1-1 Cc yu cu ti thiu i vi tc ng t .

Vng
Cu mt
Cu nhiu nhp
n
nhp
Cc cu khc
Cc cu ch yu
g
t
1
Khng
*
*
*
*
2
cn xt
SM/UL
SM
SM/UL
MM
3
n ng
SM/UL
MM
MM
MM
t
Cc cu c bit
*
MM
MM
*
MM
TH
4.7.4.3.2. Phng php phn tch dnh n

4.7.4.3.2a Tng qut
Mt trong hai phng php phn tch kiu dng n c ch nh y u c th
c s dng trong thch hp .
4.7.4.3.2b Phng php ph bin dnh n (Sigle-mode )

Phng php dng n phn tch ph bin da trn dng dao ng c bn theo phng dc hoc phong ngang .Hnh dng dao ng ny c th thy c khi tc ng
AASHTO cu ng b

vo kt cu mt ti trng nm ngang ru u v tnh ton bin hnh tng ng .C
th tnh ton chu k dao ng rin bit bng cch cn bng th nng v ng nng
cc i kt hp vi hnh dng dao ng c bn .Bin ca hnh dng chuyn v c
th c tnh ra nh h s ng x ng t n hi C sm nh c nu trong iu
3.10.6 v t chuyn v ph tng ng .Bin ny c dng xc nh cc hiu ng
lc .
4.7.4.3.2c Phng php ti trng ri u .

Phng php ti trng ri u c da trn dng dao ng c bn theo phng dc hoc
phng ngang .Chu k ca dng giao ng ny phi c ly bng chu k ca mt b
chn ng khi l xo n tng ng . tnh cng ca l xo tng ng ny phi
s dng chuyn v cc i pht sinh khi cu chu tc dng ca mt ti trng ngang ri
u bt k .H s ng x ng t n hi C sm quy nh trong iu 3.10.6 phi c
s dng tnh ti trng ri u tng ng do ng t m t tnh c tc dng
ca lc do ng t.
4.7.4.3.3. Phng php phn tch ph dng phc.

Phi s dng phng php phn tch ph dng phc i vi cu trong kt hp xt
hai hay ba hng to trong mi dng dao ng, t nht th php phn tch ng hc
tuyn tnh vi m hnh khng gian 3 chiu phi c s dng th hin kt cu.
S dng dao ng a vo trong php phn tch t nht 3 ln s nhp trong m hnh.
Phi s dng ph ng x ng t n hi theo diu 3.10.6 cho mi dng dao ng. c lc cc lc v cc chuyn v ca cc cu kin bng cch sw dng cc t hp cch ng
x tng ng ca cc i lng (mmen, lc, chuyn v, hay chuyn v tng i)rt ra t
cc dng dao ng ring theo phng php t hp cn bc hai (CQC).
4.7.4.3.4. Phng php lch s thi gian.

Bt c phng php lch s thi gian cp nht no c s dng cho php phn tch
n hi hoc khng n hi, phi tho nm yu cu ca iu 4.7.
Nu phng php phn tch lch s thi gian khng n hi c s dng th cc h s
R cho php trong iu 3.10.7 phi c ly bng 1,0 cho tt c cc kt cu v lin kt .
Phi xc nh nhy cm ca li gii cho kch thc ca bc thi gian c s dng cho
php phn tch. Vic nghin cu nhycng phi c thc hin kho st cc
hiu ng ca s bin i cc tnh cht tr ca vt liu gi thit.
Cc lch s thi gian ca gia tc a vo s dng m t cc ti trng ng t
phi c la chn vi s t vn ca ch u t. Tr khi c ch dn khc i, 5 lch s thi
gian vi ph tng thch phi c s dng ki cc lch s thi gian ring ti v tr xy
dng cu l khng c sn. Ph c s dng pht ra 5 lch s thi gian ny s
ging nh ph c s dng cho cc phng php dangj dao ng nh trong iu 3.10.6, c thay i cho a tng thch hp.
4.7.4.4.
Cc yu cu chuyn v ti thiu.
B rng gi phi ly ln hn chuyn v cc i ly theo quy nh ca iu 4.7.4.3

hoc phn trm ca b rng ly theo kinh nghim,N, nh trong phng trnh 1, hoc
phi t cc ngm dc theo quy nh trong iu 3.10.9.5. Cc gi c ngm cht
AASHTO cu ng b

chng chuyn ng dc phi c thit k theo iu 3.10.9. Cc phn trm ca N, p
dng cho mi vng ng t nh trong bng 1.
B rng gi ly theo kinh nghim phi ly nh sau :
N = (200 + 0,0067H + 0,0017L)(1 + +0,000125S 2)
Trong :
N = Chiu di ta ti thiu c o vung gc vi ng trc ca gi (mm)
L = Chiu di ca mt cu n khe co gin ln cn, hoc n im cui ca mt
cu i vi cc khp trong nhp, L phi l tng khong cch n khp hai bn. i vi
cc cu mt nhp, L tng ng vi chiu di mt cu (mm).
H = i vi cc m chiu cao trung bnh ca cc ct kt cu nhp cu n
khe co gin gn nht.
i vi cc ct hoc cc tr l chiu cao ca cc ct hoc cc tr (mm) .
i vi cc khp bn trong nhp, chiu cao trung bnh ca hai ct hoc tr
ln cn (mm).
S = cho ca gi o c t ng vung gc vi nhp ().
Bng 4.7.4.4-1 Phn trm ca N theo vng v h s gia tc.
Vng
H s gia tc
Loi t
1
<0,025
I hoc II
1
III hoc IV
<0,025
1
2
3
4.7.5.
>0,025
Thch hp tt c
Thch hp tt c
Tt c
Tt c
Tt c
%N
50
100
100
100
150
Phn tch ti trng va tu :
Trong phm vi cho php ca cc quy nh ca phn 3 c th thay th php phn

tch ng hc i vi cc va tu thuyn bng php phn tch n hi tnh hc t ng
ng. Khi c quy nh dng php phn tch khng n hi th phi xem xt tc ng
ca cc ti trng khc c th xy ra.
4.8.
4.8.1.
Phn tch theo m hnh vt l

Th nghim trn m hnh c t l thu nh kt cu.
thit lp v kim tra s lm vic ca kt cu, ch u t c th yu cu v lm th

nghim cc m hnh t l thu nh kt cu hoc cc b phn ca n. Cc tnh cht
v kch thc v vt liu ca kt cu, cng nh cc iu kin bin v ti trng phi c
m hnh ho cng chnh xc cng tt. i phn tch lc hc phi s dng hp l t l
qun tnh ni b, cc hm ti trng kch thch v hm gim chn. i vi cc th
nghim v trng thi gii hn cng phi m phng trong bn thn tnh ton s o
c bng dng c khng c nh hng ng k ti li gii v kt qu ca m hnh.
AASHTO cu ng b
4.8.2.
Th cu.
xc nh hiu ng lc v kh ngng chu ti ca cc cu hu hin ng i ta c th

th bng cc dng c o v cc kt qu t c di cc iu kin khc nhau ca ti
trng ca giao thng hoc ca ti trng mi trng hoc ca ti trng bng cc xe
chuyn dng.
5.
kt cu btng .
5.1.
Phm vi
Cc qui nh ca phn ny p dng cho vic thit k cc cu kin cu v t ng chn

c xy dng bng b tng c t trng thng v thp v c b tr ct thng hoc ct
thp ng sut trc (cc tao cp hoc thanh thp ng sut trc). Cc qui nh ny da
trn c s cng ca b tng trong khong t 16 n 70 Mpa.
Cc qui nh ca chng ny tng hp v thng nht cc yu cu cho kt cu b tng
ct thp. B tng ng sut trc v b tng ng sut trc mt phn. Cc qui nh ny
thit k cho vic thit k chng ng t, phng php tnh ton cho m hnh chng
v ging, thit k cc cu b tng theo phng php phn on v cu b tng ct thp
lp ghp cng c trnh by trong chng ny .
5.2.
Cc nh ngha
Neo (Anchorage) - Trong cng ngh ko sau y l thit b c dng neo b tao
thp cho n khi b tng t cng nh trc v ng lc trc truyn vo b tng ;
i vi ct thp thanh y l on chiu di ct thp hoc neo c hc hoc mc
hoc t hp ca chng u thanh truyn lc do thanh chu vo b tng .
Vu neo(Atchorege Bliter) -B phn c lm nh ra sn , cnh hoc ch ni sn cnh lp neo vo b thp ng sut trc.
Vng neo (Anchorege Zone)-Phn kt cu m ng lc trc c truyn t thit b neo
sang vng cc b ca b tng v sau phn b rng hn sang vng chung ca kt
cu.
Lc kch (At jacking)- thi im cng b thp ng sut trc .
Lc t ti (At loading) - Thut ng lin quan n tr s ca cc c trng ca b
tng t lc ti trng tc ng . Ti trng ny bao gm lc ng trc v ti trng thng
xuyn,thng khng bao gm hot ti
Lc truyn (At transfer) - Ngay sau khi truyn lc ng sut trc vo b tng
B thp dnh kt (Bonded Tendom) - B thp c dnh vo b tng hoc truyn trc
tip thng qua p va .
Lc n ra (Bonded Tendom) - Lc ko trong b tng vng neo ko sau truyn lc
ng sut trc gy ra.
B tng c ti ch (Cast-in-place concrete)-b tng c vo v tr cui cng ca
n trong kt cu khi n ang cn do.
AASHTO cu ng b

Cc neo t st nhau(Cloisely Sphairced Anchorages) - Cc thit b neo c nh
ngha l t st nhau nu c ly tim n c ly tim ca chng khng vt qu 1,5 ln b
rng ca thit b neo trn phng xem xt.
Hp long (cloaijsurel) - Vic b tng ti ch dng lin kt hai hoc nhiu hn
cc b phn c trc ca kt cu.
Kt cu lin hp (Com posite Construction) - Cc cu kin b tng hoc b tng v
thp lin lin kt vi nhau chu hiu ng lc nh l mt khi.
Lp b tng bo v ( Concrete cover) - C ly ti thiu c qui nh gia b mt b
tng v b mt ca ct thp , tao thp, ng bc ko sau, neo hoc vt chn khc.
B tng cng (Confine ment) - iu kin khi phng nga s phn d ca b tng chu
nn bng cch to cc lc ngang v lc bao quanh , chng hn nh c th dng ct thp
thch hp , cc ng thp hoc lin hp vi cc cu kin tng t .
Neo b (Confine ment Anchorage) Neo cho b tao thp ko sau lm vic trn c s
ngn chn b tng trong vng neo cc b bng ct thp c bit .
T bin ( Creep ) - Bin dng theo thi gian ca b tng di tc dng ca ti trng thng
xuyn .
Ma st cong(Curvature friction) - Ma st do b thp dch ta vo ng khi b ko do
cong ca ng bc .
Bn mt cu (Deck slab) - Bn b tng c chu v truyn ti trng bnh xe ln cu
kin .
Gim p (Deep compression) - Giai on m cc ng sut nn do ng sut trc
b vt qua do ng sut ko.
Cu kin cao (Deep Component) - Cc cu kin trong c ly t im lc ct bng
0,0 n mt gi t hn 2d , hoc cc cu kin do ti trng gy ra ln hn 1/3 lc ct
gi t gn hn 2d t mt ct gi (d- chiu cao cu kin ).
Yn i hng( Decompresstion Saddle) - Cc b tng lm nh ra sn cnh hoc ch
ni sn - cnh c c lin khi vi on b tng khng ch v hnh hc hoc
i hng t b thp ra ngoi.
Chiu di trin khai ( Develoipment Length) - C ly cn thit trin khai cng
cc thanh ct thp hoc tao thp ng sut trc.
C ly mp ( Edge iu stanse) - c ly ti thiu gia tim ct thp hoc vt chn v
mp b tng
Chiu cao c hiu (Effecttive Depth) - chiu di cu kin c hiu lc trong mt ct
chu un hoc ct .
ng sut trc c hiu (Effecttive Prestress) - ng sut hoc lc cn li trong ct thp
ng sut trc sau khi ton b mt mt xy ra .
Chiu di chn (Embedment length) - chiu di ct thp hoc neo c t qu mt
ct ti hn m trn vic truyn lc gia b tng v ct thp c th xy ra .
B thp bn ngoi (External Tendom) - B thp ko sau c t bn ngoi b tng
thng nm bn trong dm hp.
AASHTO cu ng b

Vng chung (General Zone) - Vng lin k vi neo ko sau trong lc ng sut trc
truyn ch yu theo s phn b ng sut trn mt ct ngang ca cu kin .
Neo trung gian (Intermeiu ate Anchorage) - neo khng c t b mt cui
ca cu kin hoc phn on cho cc b thp ko di qua sut chiu di cu kin
hoc phn on thng di cc neo b chn , vu , sn h t .
B thp bn trong (Internal Tendon) - b thp ko sau c t trong b tng
Ct thp ng hng (isotropic Reinforcement) - B tr ct thp trong cc thanh
trc giao vi nhau v t l ct thp hai hng bng nhau .
Lc kch ( Jacking Force) - Lc tc ng bi thit b sinh ra lc ko trong b thp.
Gi lao (Launching Bearing ) - gi tm c thuc tnh ma st thp dng trong thi cng
cu bng phng php c y
Mi lao ( Launching Nose) - kt cu thp tm thi c ni pha trc cu c y
gim hiu ng lc kt cu phn trn trong khi lao .
B tng t trng thp (loiw-Densily Concrete) - b tng cha cp phi nh v c t
trng khi kh khng vt qu 1925kg/m3 nh c xc nh bi ASTMC567.
Vng cc b (Loical Zone ) - th tch b tng bao quanh v ngay u thit b neo
chu ng nn cao .
Thp t do (LoiwRelaxatiob Steel) - Tao thp ng sut trc trong mt mt do thp
do c dm ng k do cng ko nhit cao .
B tng t trng thng (Normal-Density Corccete) - b tng c t trng gia 2150 v
2500 kg/m3.
Tao thp mt dnh kt mt phn(Phairtially Denbonded Strand) - Tao thp ng
sut trc c mt phn chiu di c dnh kt v ch khc c cho mt dnh kt
bng dng cc bin php c hc hoc ho hc . Cn gi l tao thp c che chn
hoc bao bc ngoi .
B tng ng sut trc mt phn (Phairtially pretressed Concrete) - b tng vi s kt
hp ca cc tao thp ng sut trc hoc thanh thp.
Ko sau (Posttensioning) - mt phng php to ng sut trc-trong khi cc tao thp
c cng ko sau khi b tng t ``cng qui nh.
ng bc ko sau (Posttensioning Duct )- Vt to hnh lm li i cho cc b thp hoc
thanh thp ko sau trong khi b tng cng . Thng dng cc loi sau :
ng bc cng (Rigid uct) - ng khng ni cng gii hn vng khng vt qu
25mm trn chiu di 6000mm ta hai u.
ng bc na cng (Semlirigid Duct) - ng thp hoc cht do gn sng cng c coi l khng cun c thnh cun vn chuyn thng thng m khng h hng.
ng bc mn (Flexible Duct)- ng c ni mn c th cun thnh ng knh 1200mm
m khng h hng .
B phn c sn (Precast Members) - cu kin b tng cc ng sut v bin
dng c to ra bng tc ng ca lc ng sut trc .
AASHTO cu ng b

Ct thp (Reinforcement) - Thanh ct thp thng hoc ct thp ng sut trc .
Do(relaxation) - S gim ng sut trc theo thi gian tromg cc b thp ng sut trc .
B tng ct t trng thp (Sand loiw - Density Concrete ) - Mt loi b tng t trng
thp cha cp phi th t trng thp v ct t nhin ht mn .
Cu kin phn on ( Segmental Conponent) - Cu kin c lm bng cc cu kin
n l hoc c sn hoc c ti ch v c cc cp ng sut trc c ko sau vo vi
nhau lm vic nh mt khi lin di ti trng .
Bn (Slab) - Cu kin c chiu rng t nht bng bn ln chiu cao c hiu ca n .
Thit b neo c bit (Special Anchorage Device) - Thit b neo m tnh y
ca chng phi c chng minh qua th nghim chp nhn c tiu chun ho. Hu
ht cc neo a din v tt c cc neo dnh kt l cc thit b neo c bit .
Cng qui nh ca b tng (Special Strength of Concrete) - Cng nn danh
nh ca b tng c qui nh cho cng trnh v c gi thuyt cho thit k v phn
tch kt cu mi .
Thp xon ( Splral) - Thanh hoc si c cun lin tc thnh hnh tr xon c.
Cng ko tch ( Splitting Tensile Strength) - Cng ko ca b tng c xc
nh bng th nghim tch (ch ) ph hp vi AASHTO T 198 (ASTM C 496).
Phm vi bin ng sut (Stress Range) - Chnh i s gia ng sut max v min do
ti trng nht thi .
B tng khi ln (Structural Mas Concrete) - Bt k khi b tng ln no cc vt
liu hoc phng php c bit c yu cu i ph vi s pht hin ca hydrt
ho v s thay i th tch km theo gim thiu nt .
M hnh chng v Ging (Structural- and - Tie Model ) - M hnh c dng ch yu
cc vng lc tp trung v thay i t ngt v hnh hc xc nh cc t l b tng
v khi lng ct thp v cc phn b , c da trn gi thuyt l c cc hanh chng chu
nn trong b tng cc ging chu ko trong ct thp v v tr hnh hc ca cc nt
cc im giao din ca chng .
Gradieng nhit (Temperature Gra di ent ) - Thay i nhit ca b tng trn mt
ct ngang .
B thp (tendon) - B phn thp cng cao c dng to ng trc trong b tng .
Truyn (Transfer) - Thao tc truyn lc trong thit b neo trc ln b tng .
Chiu di truyn (Transfer legth ) - Chiu di trn ng lc trc c truyn qua b
tng bng dnh kt v ma st trong mt cu kin trc .
Ct thp ngang(Transverse Reiforcement) - Ct thp c dng chu ct , xon ,
lc ngang hoc b tng cng b tng trong b phn kt cu . cc thut ng "ct
ai" v "ct thp bng" thng dng lm lm ct thp ngang trong b phn chu un v
thut ng "ging ", "ct ai" ,'ct xon" c dng lm ct ngang trong b phn trong
chu nn .
Mi ni loi A ( type A joisnt) - Mi ni ti ch bng b tng t hoc keo epxi gia cc
b phn c sn .
AASHTO cu ng b

Mi ni loi A ( type B joisnt) - Mi ni kh gia cc b phn c sn .
Ma st lc (wbbole friction ) - Ma st gy ra bi s lch hng ca ng bc hoc v
bc b thp ra khi Prphin qui nh ca n .
Gii hn chy (yield Strength ) - Gii hn chy qui nh ca ct thp .
5.3.
K hiu
A
=
Din tch ca b tng c cng trng tm vi ct thp ch chu ko v c gii hn bi cc b mt ca mt ct v mt ng thng song song vi trc trung ho
em chia cho s lng thanh hoc si (mm2); din tch ti a ca phn b mt
ging vi din tch chu ti v ng tm vi n v khng chng ln din tch tng t
ca thit b neo bn cnh (mm 2); i vi thi cng phn on ,trng lng tnh c phn
on c trc ang cu (N) (5.7.3.4.)(5.10.9.7.2.)(5.14.2.3.2.).
Ab
=
Din tch ca mt thanh thp n(mm2) ; din tch mt ta c hiu
2
(mm ) ,din tch tnh nh ca mt bn (mm2) (5.10.8.2)(5.10.9.6.25.14.2.3.2.
Ac
=
Din tch ca li cu kin chu nn tng cng bang thp xon tnh t
ng knh ngoi ca ct ai xon (mm2) (75.7.4.6).
Acb
=
Din tch mt ct ngang c tnh tip trong phn m rng cc cnh ca
tm neo hay vu neo, ,ngha l khng k din tch ca vu neo hoc sn l mt
phn ca mt ct ngang(mm2)(5.10.9.3.4b).
Acp
=
Din tch c bao bi chu vi ngoi ca mt b tng , bao gm din tch
cc l rng nu c (mm2)(5.8.2.1.
ACB
=
Din tch mt ct ngang ca thanh chng b tng trong m hnh chng
v ging (5.6.3.3.1).
Acv
Din tch mt ct b tng truyn lc ct (mm2)(5.8.4.1)
Ag
=
Tng din tch ca mt ct (mm2);tng din tch ca bn (mm2)
(5.5.4.21.1) (5.10.9.7.2).
Ah
=
Din tch ct thp chu ct song song vi ct thp chu un (mm 2)
(5.13.2.4.1).
Ahr
=
Din tch mt chn ca ct thp treo g dm v dm T ng c (mm2) .
(5.13.2.5.5.).
Al
=
i vi thi cng phn on : p ng ng hc hoc gi hoc t ti bt
ng mt phn on c sn (n)(5.14.2.3.2)
Ak
=
Din tch ca tt c cc mng chng ct trong mt phng ph hoi
(mm2)(5.8.5).
An
=
Din tch ct thp trong dm hng ngn hoc dm cha chu lc ko
2
Nuc (mm ) (5.13.2.4.2)
Ao
Din tch c bao bi dng ct,bao gm din tch cc l nu c
Aob
=
Din tch c bao bi ct thp chu xon, kn pha ngoi , bao gm
din tch cc l nu c (mm2)(5.8.3.6.2).
Aps
Din tch ct thp ng sut trc (mm2)(5.5.4.2.1).
AASHTO cu ng b

As
Din tch ct thp chu ko khng ng trc (mm2) (5.5.4.2.1).
A,s
Din tch ct thp chu nn (mm2)(5.7.3.1.1).
Ash
Din tch mt ct ngang ca ct ai tng cng ct (mm2)(5.10.11.4.1d)
Ask
=
Din tch ct thp v trn n v chiu cao trn mt mt bn (mm 2)
(5.10.11.4.1d)
Asm
=
(5.8.5)
Din tch tip xc gia cc mt nhn trn mt phng ph hoi(mm 2)
Ass
=
Din tch
2
ging (mm )(5.6.3.3.4)
Ast
ct thp trong thanh chng gi nh ca m hnh chng v
Tng din tch ct thp dc thng (mm2)(5.6.3.4.1)
As-BW =
Din tch thp trong chiu rng mng bng (mm2) (5.6.3.4.1)
As-SD
Tng din tch ct thp trong phng ngn ca b mng (mm2)(5.13.5)
At
=
Din tch
(5.1.8.3.6.2)
Av
mt chn ca ct thp chu xon ngang kn (mm 2)
Din tch ct thp ngamg trong c ly S (mm2(5.8.2.5)
Avf
=
Din tch ct thp chu ma st ct (mm 2); din tch ct thp chu ct
mt phn gii gia hai phn b tng ca bn v b tng dm (mm 2/mm); tng din
tch ct thp ,bao gm ct thp chu un (mm2)(5.8.4.1)(5.10.11.4.4)
Aw
Din tch mt si n c trin khai hoc ni (mm2)(5.11.5.2.1)
A1
Din tch chu ti (mm2)(5.7.5)
A2
=
Din tch ca y di ln nht ca hnh chp ct , hnh nn hoc hnh
nm vt nm ton b trong vng v mt trn ca n l vng chu ti c dc mt
bn l 1:2 (mm2) (5.7.5)
a
=
Chiu cao ca khi ng sut ch nht tng ng (mm):kch thc ngang
ca thit b neo c o song vi kch thc ln hn ca mt ct ngang (mm) (5.7.2.2)
(5.10.9.3.6) ,(5.10.9.6.1)
aaff
=
Kch thc ngang ca din tch mt ta c hiu o song song vi chiu
cao ca kch thc ln hn ca mt ct ngang
af
=
C ly gia ti trng tp trung v ct thp song song vi ti trng (mm)
(5.13.2.5.1)
av
=
Nhp chu ct, c ly gia ti trng tp trung v mt ct gi (mm)
(5.13.2.4.1)
b
=
Chiu rng mt ct chu nn ca cu kin (mm), kch thc ngang ca
thit b neo o song song vi phng nh hn ca mt ct ngang (mm)(5.7.3.1.1)
(5.10.9.6.2)
boff
=
Kch thc ngang ca din tch mt ta hu ch o song song vi chiu
ca kch thc nh hn ca mt ct ngang (mm) (5.10.9.6.2)
bo
Chu vi mt ct ti hn i vi bn v mng (mm) (5.13.3.6.1)
AASHTO cu ng b

bv
=
(5.8.4.1)
Chiu rng sn c hiu (mm) ,chiu rng giao din (mm)(5.8.2.7)
bw
=
Chiu rng sn hoc ng knh ca mt ct trn(mm); chiu rng sn c xc nh khi c ng bc (mm) (5.7.3.1.1) ,(5.8.2.5)
CE
i vi thi cng phn on, thit b thi cng qui nh (N) (5.14.2.3.2)
CLE
i vi thi cng phn on ti trng dc ca thi cng (N) (5.14.2.3.2)
CLL
i vi thi cng phn on ; hot ti thi cng phn b (MPA) (5.14.2.3.2)
CR
Mt mt ng sut trc do t bin ca b tng (MPA)(5.14.2.3.2)
C
=
C ly t th chu nn ngoi cng n trc trung ho (mm) ; h s dnh
bm (Mpa); lp ph b tng yu cu trn ct thp(mm); c t gi n ui dm (mm)
(5.7.2.2) (5.8.4.1) (5.13.2.5.2)
DC
Trng lng ca kt cu (N)(5.14.2.3.2)
DIFF =
i vi thi cng phn on: ti trng chnh lch (N) (5.14.2.3.2)
DW
Tnh ti xp chng (N) hoc (N.mm)(5.14.2.3.2)
Chiu cao mt ct (mm)(5.10.10.1)
db
=
ng knh danh nh ca thanh ct thp , si thp hoc tao thp ng
sut (mm)(5.10.2.1)
dburst
C ly t thit b neo n trng tm lc n ra Tburst (mm)(5.13.2.5.5)
dc
=
Chiu dy ca lp ph b tng tnh t th chu ko ngoi cng n tim
thanh hoc si thp gn nht (mm); lp b tng ti thiu ph ln ng bc b thp cng
vi mt na ng knh ng bc (mm)(5.7.3.4)(5.104.3.1)
de
=
Chiu cao c hiu tnh t th chu nn ngoi cng n trng tm lc
ko trong ct thp chu ko (mm)(5.7.3.3.1)
df
Khong cch t nh g khc ti ct thp chu nn (mm)(5.13.2.55)
dp
=
C ly t th chu nn ngoi cng n trng tm cc b thp ng sut trc
(mm)(5.7.3.1.1)
ds
=
C ly t th chu nn ngoi cng n trng tm ct thp chu ko
khng ng sut trc (mm) (5.7.3.2.2)
ds'
=
C ly t th chu nn ngoi cng n trng tm ct thp chu nn
(mm) (5.7.3.2.2)
dv
Chiu cao ct c hiu (mm)(5.8.2.7)
Eb
M un n hi ca vt liu bn gi (Mpa)(5.10.9.7.2)
Ec
M un n hi ca b tng (Mpa)(5.4.2.4)
Eci
M un n hi ca b tng lc truyn lc (Mpa) (5.9.2.3a)
El
cng chng un (N.mm2)(5.7.4.3)
Ep
M un n hi ca b thp ng sut trc (Mpa) (5.4.4.2)
Es
M un n hi ca thanh ct thp (Mpa)(5.4.3.2)
AASHTO cu ng b

e
=
C s logarit t nhin, lch tm ca thit b neo hoc nhm thit b
neo i vi trng tm mt ct , lun ly l dng (mm)(5.9.2(5.10.9.6.3)
F
=
(5.9.2)
Hiu ng lc tnh c dng M un n hi tc thi lc t ti (N )
F'
=
Hp lc c trit gim do xt n t bin trong thi gian ph hp vi vic
dng ( N)(5.9.2)
Fg
H s trit gim (5.8.3.4.2)
Fu-in =
Hiu ng lc chch hng trong mt phng n v chiu di b thp
(N/mm) (5.10.4.36.2)
Fu-out
Hiu ng lc ngoi mt phng trn n v chiu di b thp
fb
=
ng sut
(5.10.9.7.2)
trong bn neo mt ct mp l nm hoc cc l (Mpa)
fc
=
Cng nn qui nh ca b tng tui 28 ngy, tr khi qui nh tui
khc (Mpa)(5.4.2.1)
fcu
ng sut nn ca b tng trc thit b neo (Mpa) (5.10.9.6.2)
fcb
=
ng sut nn do tnh ti tiu chun(cha nhn h s) trong vng sau neo
(Mpa) (5.10.9.3.4b)
fcgb
=
ng sut b tng trng tm cc b thp ng sut trc do lc ng sut trc
khi truyn hoc kch v t trng trong cu kin mt ct m men max (Mpa)
(5.9.5.2.3a) (5.9.5.2.3.b)
fci
=
Cng nn qui nh ca b tng lc bt u t ti hoc to ng
sut trc (Mpa)5.9.1.2)
fci
=
(5.8.2.2)
Cng ko trt trung bnh ca b tng cp phi t trng thp (Mpa)
fcu
=ng sut nn gii hn ca b tng thit k theo m hnh chng v ging
(Mpa) (5.6.3.3.1)
ff
Bin ng sut mi cho php (Mpa) (5.10.9.7.2)
fmin
Mc ng sut min i s (Mpa)( 5.5.3.2)
fn
ng sut ta danh nh ca b tng (Mpa)(5.10.9.7.2)
fpe
ng sut c hiu trong thp ng sut trc cn li sau
mt mt (Mpa)(5.6.3.4.1)
fpi
ng sut trong thp ng sut trc, khi kch (Mpa) (5.9.3)
fpo
=
ng sut trong thp ng sut trc,khi ng sut xung quanh
bng 0,0 (Mpa)(5.8.3.4.2)
b tng
fpl
ng sut trong thp ng sut trc, ngay sau khi truyn lc (Mpa)(5.9.3)
fpu
Cng ko qui nh ca thp ng sut trc (Mpa) (5.4.4.1)
fpy
Gii hn chy ca thp ng sut trc (Mpa)5.4.4.1)
ff
Cng chu ko un ca b tng (Mpa)(5.4.2.6)
AASHTO cu ng b

fsa
ng sut ko trong ct thp ti trng s dng (Mpa)(5.7.3.4)
fy
Gii hn chy qui nh ti thiu ca thanh ct thp(Mpa) (5.5.4.2.1)
fy'
=
(5.7.3.1.1)
Gii hn chy qui nh ti thiu ca thanh ct thp chu nn (Mpa)
fyh
Gii hn chy qui nh ca thanh ct thp ngang(Mpa) (5.7.4.6)
m tng i bao quanh trung bnh nm (%) (5.4.2.3.2)
h
=
Tng chiu dy hoc chiu cao cu kin (mm); kch thc ngang ca
mt ct ngang theo phng c xt (mm) (5.8.2.7) (5.10.9.6.3)
hc
Kch li ca ct b ai theo phng xem xt (mm) (5.10.11.4.1d)
hf
Chiu cao cnh chu nn (mm)(5.7.361.1)
Icr
=
(5.7.3.6.2)
M men qun tnh ca mt ct b nt tnh i ra b tng (mm 4)
IE
i vi thi cng phn on ; Lc ng ca thit b (N) (5.14.2.3.2)
Io
M men qun tnh c hiu (mm4)(5.7.3.6.2)
Ig
=
M men qun tnh ca mt ct nguyn i vi trng tm , khng tnh
4
ct thp (mm )(5.7.3.6.2)
Is
M men qun tnh ca ct thp ly i vi trng tm ct (mm 4)
K
=
H s chiu di ca cu kin chu nn ; h s ma st lc (trn n v
mm ca b thp (5.7.4.1)(5.9.5.2.2b)
kc
H s i vi tc dng ca t l th tch b mt (5.4.2.3.2)
kf
H s nh hng ca cng b tng (5.4.2.3.2)
kh
H s m (5.4.2.3.3)
ks
H s kch c (5.4.2.3.3)
L
=
Chiu di nhp (mm); chiu di ca bn gi hoc m gi (mm)
(5.7.3.2.1) (5.13.2.5.4)
Oc
=
Phn trin khai theo chiu dc ca ct thp hn ch n ngang trong vng
cc b khng ln hn gi tr ca 1.15a eff hoc 1.15beff (mm) chiu di chng ca mi
ni chng chu nn(mm)(5.10.9.6.2) (5.11.5.1)
Od
Chiu di trin khai (mm)(5.11.1.2.1)
Odb
=
Chiu di trin khai c bn ca ct thp thng nhn vi h s iu
chnh xc nh ld (mm) (5.11.2.1.1)
Odh
=
Chiu di trin khai ca mc tiu chun chu ko , o t mt ct ti hn
n u ngoi ca mc (mm)(5.11.2.4.1)
Oo
=
Chiu di c hiu qu ca b thp (mm); chiu di ngm vt qu mc
ai tiu chun (mm)(5.7.3.1.2))(5.11.2.6.2)
AASHTO cu ng b

Ohb
=
Chiu di trin khai c bn ca mc chu ko tiu chun (mm)
(5.11.2.4.1)
Ohd
Chiu di trin khai i vi tm li si c g (mm)(5.11.2.5.1)
OI
Chiu di chu ko gia cc neo (mm)(5.7.3.1.2)
Ou
Chiu di khng ta ca cu kin chu nn (mm)(5.7.4.1)
Ma
=
(5.7.3.6.2)
M men max ca cu kin trong giai on tnh bin dng (N.mm)
Mc
=
(5.7.4.3)
M men phng i dng thit k cu kin mnh chu nn (N.mm)
Mcr
M men nt (N.mm)(5.7.3.2.1)
Mn
Sc khng un danh nh (N.mm)(5.7.3.2.1)
Mr
Sc khng un tnh ton ca mt ct chu un (N.mm) (5.7.3.2.1)
Mrx
=
(5.7.4.5)
Sc khng un tnh ton n trc ca mt ct theo phng trc x (N.mm)
Mry
=
(5.7.4.5)
Sc khng un tnh ton n trc ca mt ct theo phng trc y (N.mm)
Mux
=
(5.7.4.5)
Thnh phn m men do ti trng tnh ton theo phng trc x (N.m men)
Muy
=
(5.7.4.5)
Thnh phn m men do ti trng tnh ton theo phng trc y (N.m men)
M1
=
M men u c gi tr nh hn ca cu kin chu nn trng thi gii
hn cng do ti trng tnh ton tc ng (N.m men)(5.7.4.3)
M2
=
M men u c gi tr ln hn ca cu kin chu nn trng thi gii
hn cng do ti trng tnh ton tc ng (N.m men)(5.7.4.3)
m
H s iu chnh (5.7.4.5)
S lng b thp ng sut trc ging nhau (5.9.5.2.3b)
NR
Sc khng ko tnh ton ca i thanh thp ngang (N) (5.13.2.3)
Ns
=
S lng cc khp ta c cc b thp i qua gia cc neo hay cc im
dnh kt ring bit (5.7.3.1.2)
Ny
Lc dc trc tnh ton tc dng ly l dng nu l ko (N) (5.8.3.4.2)
Nyc
=
Lc dc trc tnh ton thng gc vi mt ct ngang xy ra cng lc vi V gt
ly l dng khi ko v m khi nn ,bao gm tc ng ko do t bin v co ngt (n)
(5.13.2.4.1)
n
=
H s m un = Es /Ec hoc Ep /Ec ; s neo trong neo trong mt lp ;hnh
chiu ca bn y ngoi l nm hoc tm nm khi thch hp (mm) (5.7.1(5.10.9.6.2)
(5.10.9.7.2)
Pc
Lc nn do ti trng thng xuyn (N)(5.8.4.1)
PN
=
Sc khng trc danh nh ca mt ct (N); sc khng trc danh nh
ca chng hoc ging ; sc khng danh nh (N)(5.5.4.2.1)(5.6.4.3.2)(5.7.5)
AASHTO cu ng b

Po
=
(N)(5.7.4.5)
Sc khng dc trc danh nh ca mt ct khi lch tm bng 0,0
PRR =
T l ng sut trc mt phn (5.5.4.2.1)
Pr
=
Sc khng dc trc tnh ton ca chng v ging (N) ; Sc khng tnh
ton ca neo(N); Sc khng n tnh ton ca vng neo ng sut trc do ct thp ngang
chu (5.6.3.2)(5.10.9.7.2)(5.10.10.1)
Prx
Sc khng dc trc tnh ton ng vi Mrx (N)(5.7.4.5)
Prxy
Sc khng dc trc tnh ton ng vi cht ti hai trc (N) (5.7.4.5)
Pry
Sc khng dc trc tnh ton ng vi Mry (N)(5.7.4.5)
Ps
Lc neo tnh ton ln nht (N)(5.10.9.3.4.b)
Pu
=
Hiu ng lc dc trc tnh ton hoc b thp tnh ton ;ti trng tnh
ton ca b thp do mt neo ring l (N)(5.7.4.3)(5.10.9.3.6)
Pc
Chu vi ngoi ca mt ct b tng (mm) (5.8.2.1)
Ph
Chu vi theo tim ca ct thp xon ngang kn (mm) (5.8.3.6.1)
Bn knh cong ca b thp v tr xem xt (mm) (5.10.4.3.1)
Bn knh quay ca mt ct nguyn (mm)(5.7.4.1)
r/h
T s gia Bn knh y vi chiu cao ca bin dng tri qua
C ly n tim gi dc theo g dm (mm) (5.13.2.5.2)
SH
Co ngt(5.14.2.3.2)
S
=
C ly cc thanh ct thp (mm);c ly cc hng ai ging (mm) ; khong cch
tim n tim neo (mm) (5.8.2.5) (5.8.4.1) (5.10.9.3.6)(5.10.9.6.2)(5.13.2.5.5)
SW
C ly cc thanh si thp c trin khai hoc ni (mm) (5.11.2.5.1)
Tburst =
Lc ko trong vng neo tc dng pha trc thit b neo v ngang qua
trc b thp(N)(5.10.9.6.3)
Tcr
Sc khng nt do xon(N.mm)(5.8.2.1)
Tte
Lc ko ging tr li neo gia(trung gian)(N)(5.10.9.3.4b)
Tn
Sc khng xon danh nh(N.mm)(5.8.2.1)2.1)
Tr
Sc khng xon tnh ton do dng ct trn(N.mm)(5.8.2.1)
T1
Lc ko mp (N)(5.10.9.3.6)
T2
Lc n ngang mp (N)(5.10.9.3.6)
t
=
Th gian(ngy);b dy ca vch (mm);chiu dy ca mt ct (mm)
chiu dy bnh qun ca bn (mm) (5.4.2.3.2) ; (5.7.4.7.1) ;(5.10.9.6.2) (5.10.9.7.2)
tI
Tui b tng khi ti trng bt u tc dng (ngy) (5.4.2.3.2)
i vi thi cng phn on;mt cn bng phn on( N) (5.14.2.3.2)
Vc
Sc khng ct danh nh do ng sut ko trong b tng (N)(5.8.2.4)
Vn
Sc khng ct danh nh ca mt ct xem xt (N)(5.8.2.1)
AASHTO cu ng b

Vr
Sc khng ct tnh ton (N) (5.8.2.1)
Vg
Sc khng ct ca ct thp chu ct(N) (5.8.3.3)
ng sut ct tnh ton (Mpa)(5.8.3.4.2)
WE
i vi thi cng phn on ; ti trng gi ngang thit b (N)(5.14.2.3)
WUP =
i vi thi cng phn on ; lc gi thc tc dng ln dm hng(Mpa)
(5.14.2.3.2)
W/C
T l nc / xi mng (5.12.3)
x
=
Chiu di ca b thp cng trc tnh t u kch n im bt k no
ang xem xt (mm) (5.9.5.2.2b)
yc
T trng b tng (kg/m3) (5.4.2.4)
y1
Khong t trc trung ho n th chu nn ngoi cng (mm) (5.7.3.6.2)
Thng s khng ch nt (5.7.3.4)
=
Gc nghing ca ct thp ngang i vi trc dc () ; tng thay i gc
ca ng cp ng sut trc t u kch n im xem xt (radian); gc nghing ca
lc b thp so vi tim cu kin ()(5.8.3.3)(5.9.5.2.2.b)(5.10.9.6.3)
h
=
Tng thay i gc nm ngang ca ct thp ng sut trc t u kch
n im xem xt (Radian)(5.9.5.2.2b)
s
=
(5.6.3.3.3)
Gc gia thanh chng chu nn v thanh ging chu ko lin k ()
v
=
Tng thay i gc ng ca ng cp ng sut trc t u kch n
im xem xt (Radian) (5.9.5.2.2b)
=
H s lin quan n nh hng ca ng bin dc ln kh nng chu ct
ca b tng th hin bi kh nng ca b tng b nt cho truyn lc ko ; t s
ca cnh di trn cnh ngn ca mng (5.8.3.3) (5.13.3.5) (5.7.4.3)
b
=
T s gia din tch ct thp b ngt trn tng din tch ct thp
chu ko trong mt ct
c
=
T gia cnh di trn cnh ngn ca vng ti trng tp trung hoc phn
lc (5.13.3.6.3)
d
=
T s gia m men tnh ti tnh ton max trn m men do tng ti trng
tnh ton max, lun lun dng (5.7.4.3)
t
=
T s gia chiu cao vng nn c ng sut sut phn b u tng ng c gi nh trng thi gii hn cng trn chiu cao vng nn thc (5.7.2.2)
fcdb =
Thay i trong ng sut b tng ti trng tm thp ng sut trc do tt
c tnh ti , tr tnh ti tc ng lc t lc ng sut trc (Mpa) (5.9.5.4.3)
fphi
Mt mt ng sut thp ng sut trc do b neo (Mpa) (5.9.5.1)
fpCR =
Mt mt ng sut thp ng sut trc do t bin (Mpa) (5.9.5.1)
fpES
Mt mt ng sut thp ng sut trc do ma st (Mpa) (5.9.5.1)
AASHTO cu ng b

fpF
Tng mt mt ng sut thp ng sut trc do do (Mpa)(5.9.1)
fpR1 =
(5.9.5.1)
Mt mt ng sut thp ng sut trc do do thp lc truyn lc (Mpa)
fpR2 =
(5.9.5.1)
Mt mt ng sut thp ng sut trc do do thp sau truyn lc (Mpa)
fpsR
Mt mt ng sut thp ng sut trc do co ngt (Mpa) (5.9.5.1)
fPT
Tng mt mt ng sut thp ng sut trc (Mpa) (5.9.5.1)
cu
ng bin ph v ca b tng chu nn (mm/mm) (5.7.3.1.2)
s
=
(5.6.3.3.3)
sh
ng bin trong b tng nt theo phng ging chu nn (mm/mm)

ng bin co ngt b tng thi im cho (mm/mm) (5.4.2.3.3)
x
=
ng bin dc trong ct thp bng trn pha chu ko un ca b phn
(mm/mm) (5.8.3.4.2)
1
=
(5.6.3.3.3)
ng bin ko ch trong b tng nt do ti trng tnh ton (mm/mm)
Gc nghing ca ng sut nn cho () (5.8.3.3)
s
=
Gc gia thanh chng chu nn v trc dc ca b phn trong m hnh
dn chu ct ca dm ()(5.6.3.3.2)
k
H s iu chnh cc neo t st nhau (5.10.9.6.2)
Thng s xc nh h s ma st (5.8.4.2)
H s mnh ca vch i vi cc ct ging (5.7.4.7.1)
H s ma st (5.8.4.1)
h
=
T s gia ct thp chu ct nm ngang trn tng din tch nguyn b
tng ca mt ct ng(5.10.1.4.2)
min
T s nh nht ca ct thp chu ko trn din tch b tng c hiu
T s ca ct thp xon trn tng th tch li ct (5.7.4.6)
v
=
T s ca din tch ct thp ct ng trn tng din tch nguyn ca
b tng ca mt ct nm ngang (5.10.11.4.2)
(t,u) =
H s t bin - t s ng bin do b tng tn ti ngy t sau khi b
tng trn ng bin n hi do ti trng P I tc ng ngy t I sau khi b tng
(5.4.2.3.2)
AASHTO cu ng b
5.4.
5.4.1.
Cc tnh cht ca vt liu

Tng qut
Cc thit k phi da trn cc tnh cht ca vt liu c ni ti trong tiu chun ny v

da trn c s dng cc vt liu tun theo tiu chun v cp hng ca vt liu xy
dng qui nh trong Tp II thi cng , Tiu chun cu t
Khi cc cp hng khc hoc cc vt liu khc c a vo s dng , th cc tnh cht
ca chng k c s sai bin thng k phi c thit lp trc khi thit k . Cc tiu chun
ti thiu c chp nhn v th tc th nghim cho cc loi vt liu nh vy phi c qui
nh trong h s hp ng .
Trong h s hp ng phi ch r cc cp hay cc tnh cht ca tt c cc loi vt liu
c a vo s dng
5.4.2.
B tng kt cu c t trng bnh thNG v thp
5.4.2.1.
Cng chu nn
i vi tng cu kin , cng chu nn qui nh f' c hay cp b tng phi c qui
nh d trong ti liu hp ng .
B tng c cng chu nn ln hn 70 Mpa ch c dng khi c cc th nghim vt l
xc lp c cc quan h gia cng chu nn ca b tng vi cc tnh cht khc .
khng c dng cc loi b tng c cng chu nn tui 28 ngy thp hn 16 Mpa
cho cc loi kt cu .
Cng chu nn qui nh ca cu kin ct thp ng sut trc v bn mt cu
khng c thp hn 28Mpa.
i vi kt cu b tng c t trng thp ,th mt l rng , cng v cc tnh cht
khc phi c ch r trong ti liu hp ng .
i vi b tng cp A A(AE) dng trong v trn nc mn , t l nc / xi mng khng c
vt qu 0,45 .
Tng lng xi mng v cc vt liu cha xi mng khc c vt qu 475 kg/m3 .
B tng cun kh gi l AE" trong Phn 808 ca tiu chun thi cng phi dng nhng
ni b tng tip xc vi nc mn hoc cc mi trng c hi tim tng khc .
Bng C5.4.2.1.1 Cc c trng trn ca b tng theo cp
Cp
tng
b Lng xi
T l
mng ti nc/xi mng
thiu
ln nht
Kg/m3
AASHTO cu ng b
Kg/kg
Phm vi
cha
kh
Kch thc ct Cng

liu theo
chu nn
AASHto M43
28 ngy
Kch thc l
vung sng
( mm)
Mpa

A
A(AE)
B
B(AE)
C
C(AE)
P
362
362
307
307
390
390
334
0.49
0.45
25 n 4.75
28
06+1.5
2.5 n 4.75
28
0.58
5.0+1.5
50 n 4.75
17
0.55
50 n 4.75
17
0.49
7.0+1.5
n 28
0.45
12.5
4.75
28
0.49
nh qui
12.5
4.75
n nh qui
390
0.58
nh
nh
25
n
4.75
ch khc
ch khc
hoc 19 n
4.75
25 n 4.75
T trng
334
Nh qui nh trong h s hp ng
thp
5.4.2.2.
H s gin n nhit
H s gin n nhit nn xc nh bng th nghim trong phng theo loi b tng c

cp phi c em dng .
Trong nhiu trng hp thiu cc s liu chnh xc h s gin n nhit c th ly nh
sau :
B tng c t trng thng 10,810-6/ 0C
B tng c t trng thp 9.010-6/ 0C
5.4.2.3.
5.4.2.3.1.
Co ngt v t bin
Tng qut
Cc gi tr co ngt v t bin c qui nh y v trong cc iu 5.9.5.3v 5.9.5.4

phi c dng xc nh hiu ng ca co ngt v t bin n mt mt lc ng sut
trc trong cc cu ng sut trc khng thi cng theo phng php phn on. Nhng gi
tr ny c lin h n m men qun tnh ,nh qui nh iu 5.7.3.6.2 c th c
dng xc nh hiu ng ca ct v t bin n vng .
Khi khng c cc s liu chnh xc hn , h s co ngt c th gi thuyt l 0,0002 sau
28 ngy v 0,0005 sau mt nm kh.
Khi khng c sn s liu v thit k cp phi , vic xc nh co ngt v t bin c
th dng cc qui nh sau:
Cc iu 5.4.2.3.2v 5.4.2.3.3
Tiu chun CFB - FIP model code ,hoc
AASHTO cu ng b
ACI 209
i vi cu thi cng theo phng php phn on(c hng ,c y - nd) phi tnh
mt cch chnh xc hn bao gm vic xt n tc ng ca :
Vt liu c th
Cc kch thc kt cu
iu kin cng trng
5.4.2.3.2.
T bin
H s t bin c th xc nh nh sau :
( t ti )
H 0.118
(t , ti ) = 3,5ko kt 1.58
ti
0.6
120
10.0 + ( t ti )
(5.4.2.3.2-1)
Trong :
kf =
62
42 + f c'
(5.4.2.3.2-2)
H.............................................................................................................=
1. gii thiu chung................................................................................30

1.1. Phm vi........................................................................................................... 30
1.2. Cc nh ngha............................................................................................ 30
1.3. Trit l thit k ........................................................................................... 32
1.3.1. Tng qut................................................................................................... 32
1.3.2. Cc trng thi gii hn. ...............................................................................32
1.3.2.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................32
1.3.2.2. Trng thi gii hn s dng..................................................................33
1.3.2.3. Trng thi gii hn cng .................................................................33
1.3.2.4. Trng thi gii hn c bit...............................................................33
1.3.3. Tnh do...................................................................................................... 33
1.3.4. Tnh d......................................................................................................... 33
1.3.5. Tm quan trng trong khai thc..................................................................34
2. thit k TNG th v c im v tr.....................................35

AASHTO cu ng b

2.1. Phm vi........................................................................................................... 35
2.2. Cc nh ngha............................................................................................ 35
2.3. Cc c trng v tr...................................................................................... 37
2.3.1. v tr tuyn................................................................................................ 37
2.3.1.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................37
2.3.1.2. Cc im vt sng v bi sng..........................................................37
2.3.2. b tr v tr cu......................................................................................... 38
2.3.2.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................38
2.3.2.2. An ton giao thng............................................................................38
2.3.2.2.1. Bo v kt cu .........................................................................38
2.3.2.2.2. Bo v ngi s dng .................................................................38
2.3.2.2.3. Tiu chun hnh hc..................................................................39
2.3.2.2.4. Mt ng..................................................................................39
2.3.2.2.5. Va tu.........................................................................................39
2.3.3. Kh gii hn................................................................................................. 39
2.3.3.1. Thng thuyn...................................................................................39
2.3.3.2. Chiu thng ng ca ng b.....................................................40
2.3.3.3. Chiu ngang ca ng b...............................................................40
2.3.3.4. Cu vt ng st..............................................................................40
2.3.4. Mi trng.................................................................................................... 41
2.4. Kho st mng .............................................................................................. 41
2.4.1. Tng qut................................................................................................... 41
2.4.2. Nghin cu a hnh................................................................................. 41
2.5. Mc ch thit k ...................................................................................... 42
2.5.1. An ton........................................................................................................ 42
2.5.2. Tnh s dng c....................................................................................... 42
2.5.2.1. Tnh bn..........................................................................................42
2.5.2.1.1. Vt liu......................................................................................42
2.5.2.1.2. Cc bin php t bo v............................................................42
2.5.2.2. Tnh kim tra c............................................................................42
2.5.2.3. Tnh duy tu c................................................................................43
2.5.2.4. Tnh i li c...................................................................................43
2.5.2.5. Tin ch khc ..................................................................................43
2.5.2.6. Bin dng..........................................................................................43
AASHTO cu ng b

2.5.2.6.1. Tng qut...................................................................................43
2.5.2.6.2. Tiu chun v vng .............................................................43
2.5.2.6.3. Tiu chun la chn t l chiu di chiu cao nhp............44
2.5.2.7. Xt n vic m rng trong tng lai...............................................45
2.5.2.7.1. Dm bin trong cu nhiu dm................................................45
2.5.2.7.2. Kt cu phn di........................................................................45
2.5.3. Tnh thi cng c....................................................................................... 45
2.5.4. Kinh t........................................................................................................ 46
2.5.4.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................46
2.5.4.2. Phng n so snh...............................................................................46
2.5.5. M quan cu............................................................................................... 46
2.6. Thu vn v thu lc..................................................................................... 47
2.6.1. Tng qut................................................................................................... 47
2.6.2. S liu hin trng...................................................................................... 47
2.6.3. Phn tch thu vn................................................................................... 47
2.6.4. Phn tch thu lc.................................................................................... 48
2.6.4.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................48
2.6.4.2. n nh ca dng chy..................................................................48
2.6.4.3. Khu cu....................................................................................49
2.6.4.4. Mng cu..........................................................................................49
2.6.4.4.1. Tng qut...................................................................................49
2.6.4.4.2. Si l cu ..................................................................................49
2.6.4.5. ng u cu..................................................................................50
2.6.5. V tr, chiu di v khu cng............................................................50
2.6.6. Thot nc ng........................................................................................... 50
2.6.6.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................50
2.6.6.2. L thit k .......................................................................................51
2.6.6.3. Loi hnh kch thc v s lng
ng thot nc...................................................................................................51
2.6.6.4. X nc t ng thot nc mt cu.......................................................51
2.6.6.5. Thot nc kt cu .............................................................................51
3. Ti trng v h s ti trng ...........................................................52

3.1. Phm vi........................................................................................................... 52
3.2. Cc nh ngha............................................................................................ 53
AASHTO cu ng b

3.3. K hiu.......................................................................................................... 55
3.3.1. Tng qut................................................................................................... 55
3.3.2. Ti trng v tn ti trng............................................................................ 58
3.4. Cc h s v t hp ti trng.........................................................................59
3.4.1. H s ti trng v t hp ti trng............................................................59
Loi ti trng...............................................................................................61
H s ti trng .........................................................................................61
Ln nht ....................................................................................................61
3.4.2. H s ti trng dng cho ti trng thi cng...............................................62
3.4.3. H s ti trng dng cho lc kch v lc ko sau.....................................62
3.4.3.1. Lc kch...........................................................................................62
3.4.3.2. Lc i vi vng neo ko sau............................................................62
3.5. Ti trng thng xuyn.................................................................................... 62
3.5.1. Tnh ti DC, DW,EV................................................................................... 62
3.5.2. Ti trng t EH, ES, DD........................................................................... 62
3.6. Hot ti .......................................................................................................... 63
3.6.1. Ti trng trng lc LL v PL.......................................................................63
3.6.1.1. Hot ti xe..........................................................................................63
3.6.1.1.1. S ln xe thit k......................................................................63
3.6.1.1.2. H s ln...................................................................................63
3.6.1.1.3. H s ln m.............................................................................63
3.6.1.2. Hot ti xe t thit k.....................................................................63
3.6.1.2.1. Tng qut...................................................................................63
3.6.1.2.2. Xe ti thit k ...........................................................................64
3.6.1.2.3. Xe hai trc thit k....................................................................64
3.6.1.2.4. Ti trng ln thit k.................................................................64
3.6.1.2.5. Din tch tip xc ca lp xe...................................................64
3.6.1.2.6. Phn b ti trng bnh xe qua t p...................................65
3.6.1.3. Tc dng ca hot ti xe thit k......................................................65
3.6.1.3.1. 3.6.1.3.1 Tng qut....................................................................65
3.6.1.3.2. Cht ti nh gi vng ca hot ti tu ........................66
3.6.1.3.3. Ti trng thit k dng cho mt cu, h mt cu v bn nh
ca cng hp..............................................................................................66
3.6.1.3.4. Ti trng bn mt tha...............................................................67
AASHTO cu ng b

3.6.1.4. Ti trng mi.....................................................................................67
3.6.1.4.1. ln v hnh th......................................................................67
3.6.1.4.2. Tn s........................................................................................67
3.6.1.4.3. Phn b ti trng khi tnh mi..................................................67
3.6.1.4.3a Cc phng php chnh xc.....................................................67
3.6.1.4.3b Cc phng php gn ng.....................................................68
3.6.1.5. Ti trng b hnh..............................................................................68
3.6.2. Lc xung kch : IM...................................................................................... 68
3.6.2.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................68
3.6.2.2. Cu kin vi......................................................................................69
3.6.3. Lc ly tm.................................................................................................. 69
3.6.4. Lc hm BR.................................................................................................. 69
3.6.5. Lc va ca xe CT.......................................................................................... 69
3.6.5.1. Bo v kt cu................................................................................69
3.6.5.2. Xe c v tu ho va vo kt cu.....................................................70
3.6.5.3. Xe c va vo ro chn.....................................................................70
3.7. Ti trng nc : WA.......................................................................................... 70
3.7.1. p lc tnh. ............................................................................................... 70
3.7.2. Lc y...................................................................................................... 70
3.7.3. p lc dng chy......................................................................................... 70
3.7.3.1. Theo chiu dc.................................................................................70
3.7.3.2. Theo chiu ngang............................................................................71
3.7.4. Ti trng sng............................................................................................. 71
3.7.5. S bin i trong mng do tc dng ca trng thi gii hn si................71
3.8. Ti trng gi................................................................................................... 72
3.8.1. Ti trng gi ngang..................................................................................... 72
3.8.1.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................72
3.8.1.1.1. I...................................................................................................72
3.8.1.2. Ti trng gi tc ng ln cng trnh WS.........................................73
3.8.1.2.1. Ti trng gi ngang....................................................................73
3.8.1.2.2. Ti trng gi dc.........................................................................74
3.8.1.3. Ti trng gi tc dng ln xe c : WL.................................................74
3.8.2. Ti trng gi thng ng.......................................................................... 74
3.8.3. Mt n nh n hi kh ng..............................................................75
AASHTO cu ng b

3.8.3.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................75
3.8.3.2. Hin tng n hi kh ng............................................................75
3.8.3.3. kim tra p ng ng.....................................................................75
3.8.3.4. Th nghim tunen gi......................................................................75
3.9. Khng dng.................................................................................................... 75
3.10. Hiu ng ng t : EQ............................................................................75
3.10.1. Tng qut................................................................................................. 75
3.10.2. H s gia tc............................................................................................. 76
3.10.3. Cc mc quan trng............................................................................. 76
3.10.4. Vng ng t......................................................................................... 76
3.10.5. Tc ng thc a.................................................................................. 76
3.10.5.1. Tng qut........................................................................................76
3.10.5.2. Loi t I.........................................................................................77
3.10.5.3. t loi II..........................................................................................77
3.10.5.4. t loi III.........................................................................................77
3.10.5.5. t loi IV.........................................................................................77
3.10.6. H s p ng ng t n hi.........................................................77
3.10.6.1. Tng qut........................................................................................77
3.10.6.2. Cc ngoi l.....................................................................................77
3.10.7. H s iu chnh p ng...................................................................78
3.10.7.1. Tng qut........................................................................................78
3.10.7.2. Tc dng..........................................................................................78
3.10.8. T hp cc hiu ng lc ng t..........................................................79
3.10.9. Tnh ton lc thit k............................................................................. 79
3.10.9.1. Tng qut........................................................................................79
3.10.9.2. vng ng t 1..............................................................................79
3.10.9.3. Vng ng t 2.............................................................................80
3.10.9.4. Vng ng t 3.............................................................................80
3.10.9.4.1. Tng qut.................................................................................80
3.10.9.4.2. Lc thit k iu chnh........................................................80
3.10.9.4.3. Lc khp do..............................................................................80
3.10.9.5. B phn cn dc.............................................................................80
3.10.9.6. Thit b neo gi.............................................................................81
3.10.10. Cc yu cu i vi cu tm v xy dng phn k...............................81
AASHTO cu ng b

3.11. p lc t : EH, ES, LS, DD.........................................................................81
3.11.1. Tng qut................................................................................................. 81
3.11.2. cht...................................................................................................... 82
3.11.3. S hin din ca nc................................................................................ 82
3.11.4. Hiu ng ng t................................................................................. 82
3.11.5. p lc t : EH......................................................................................... 82
3.11.5.1. p lc t c bn............................................................................82
3.11.5.2. H s p lc tnh ( trng hp ngh) : K0.....................................83
3.11.5.3. H s p lc ch ng : ka.............................................................83
3.11.5.4. H s p lc b ng : kp . ...........................................................85
3.11.5.5. Phng php cht lng tng ng tnh p lc t..........................85
3.11.5.6. p lc t biu kin ca tng neo.................................................86
3.11.5.7. p lc t ca tng t n nh c hc (MSE)...........................87
3.11.6. Ti trng cht thm ES v LS....................................................................88
3.11.6.1. Tng qut........................................................................................88
3.11.6.2. Hot ti cht thm LS......................................................................92
3.11.6.3. Chit gim ti trng .......................................................................92
3.11.7. Chit gim p lc t ............................................................................. 92
3.11.8. Lc keo xung .......................................................................................... 92
3.12. hiu ng lc do bin dng cng bc : TU, TG, SH, CR, SE...........................93
3.12.1. Tng qut ................................................................................................. 93
3.12.2. Nhit phn b u..........................................................................93
3.12.2.1. Bin nhit cu.....................................................................93
3.12.2.2. nhit lp t...........................................................................93
3.12.2.3. Bin nhit khng kh..........................................................93
3.12.3. Gradien nhit........................................................................................... 93
3.12.3.1.1. Thng s..................................................................................94
3.12.4. co ngt khc nhau..................................................................................... 95
3.12.5. T bin...................................................................................................... 95
3.12.6. ln......................................................................................................... 95
3.13. lc ma st : FR.............................................................................................. 95
3.14. va ca tu thuyn : CV................................................................................. 95
3.14.1. Tng qut................................................................................................. 95
AASHTO cu ng b

3.14.2. Tu thit k............................................................................................. 96
3.14.3. vn tc va thit k................................................................................... 96
3.14.4. Nng lng va tu....................................................................................... 97
3.14.5. Lc va tu vo tr..................................................................................... 97
3.14.6. chiu di h hng ca mi tu...................................................................97
3.14.7. Lc va ca tu ln kt cu phn trn.......................................................98
3.14.7.1. Va vi mi tu..................................................................................98
3.14.7.2. Va vi cabin tu...............................................................................98
3.14.7.3. Va vi ct tu...................................................................................98
3.14.8. Lc va ca s lan vo tr........................................................................... 98
3.14.9. Chiu di h hng ca mi s lan..............................................................99
3.14.10. H hng trng thi gii hn c bit....................................................99
3.14.11. Tc dng ca lc va................................................................................. 99
3.14.11.1. thit k kt cu phn di............................................................99
3.14.11.2. thit k kt cu phn trn...........................................................101
3.14.12. Bo v kt cu phn di........................................................................101
4. phn tch v nh gi kt cu ....................................................101

4.1. Phm vi........................................................................................................... 101
4.2. Cc nh ngha............................................................................................ 101
4.3. khiu............................................................................................................ 105
4.4. Cc phng php phn tch kt cu c chp nhn....................................109
4.5. M hnh ton hc.......................................................................................... 109
4.5.1. Tng qut................................................................................................... 109
4.5.2. S lm vic ca vt liu kt cu ..............................................................109
4.5.2.1. n hi v khng n hi.................................................................109
4.5.2.2. S lm vic n hi.........................................................................110
4.5.2.3. S lm vic khng n hi..............................................................110
4.5.3. Hnh hc..................................................................................................... 110
4.5.3.1. L thuyt bin dng nh...................................................................110
4.5.3.2. L thuyt bin dng ln.....................................................................110
4.5.3.2.1. Tng qut...................................................................................110
4.5.3.2.2. Cc phng php tnh xp x.....................................................111
4.5.3.2.2a Tng qut..............................................................................111
4.5.3.2.2b S phng i mmen- Ct kiu dm....................................111
AASHTO cu ng b

4.5.3.2.2c S phng i cc mmen- Cc loi vm.................................112
4.5.3.2.3. Cc phng php chnh xc.........................................................112
4.5.4. Cc iu kin bin ca m hnh..............................................................112
4.5.5. Cu kin tng ng..................................................................................113
4.6. Phn tch tnh hc...................................................................................... 113
4.6.1. nh hng hnh hc phng.........................................................................113
4.6.1.1. T s mt ct phng......................................................................113
4.6.1.2. Cc kt cu cong trong mt bng...................................................113
4.6.1.2.1. Tng qut...................................................................................113
4.6.1.2.2. kt cu phn trn cng chu xon loi dm n gin..............114
4.6.1.2.3. kt cu phn trn kiu nhiu dm.........................................114
4.6.2. Cc phng php phn tch gn ng. ....................................................114
4.6.2.1. Mt cu...........................................................................................114
4.6.2.1.1. Tng qut...................................................................................114
4.6.2.1.2. Kh nng p dng........................................................................114
4.6.2.1.3. B rng ca cc di tng ng bn trong..................................114
4.6.2.1.4. B rng di tng ng ti cc mp ca bn..............................115
4.6.2.1.4a Tng qut..............................................................................115
4.6.2.1.4b Cc mp dc..........................................................................115
4.6.2.1.4c Cc mp ngang......................................................................115
4.6.2.1.5. Phn b ti trng bnh xe..........................................................116
4.6.2.1.6. 4.6.2.1.6 tnh ton cc hiu ng lc..........................................116
4.6.2.1.7. Hiu ng ca kt cu khung trong mt ct ngang ...............116
4.6.2.1.8. S phn b hot ti trn h mng dm c lp y 1phn hoc
phn...........................................................................................................117
4.6.2.1.9. Php phn tch khng n hi................................................117
4.6.2.2. cc loi cu dm bn.....................................................................117
4.6.2.2.1. Phm vi p dng .........................................................................117
4.6.2.2.2. phng php h s phn b dng cho mmen v lc ct..........121
4.6.2.2.2a Cc dm gia vi mt cu btng.........................................121
4.6.2.2.2b Cc dm gia vi cc dm thp ln sng...............................123
4.6.2.2.2c Cc dm bin.........................................................................124
4.6.2.2.2d Cu cho..............................................................................125
4.6.2.2.2e Mmen un v lc ct trong dm ngang h mt cu.......125
4.6.2.2.3. Phng php h s phn b cho lc ct....................................126
4.6.2.2.3a Cc dm gia.........................................................................126
4.6.2.2.3b Cc dm bin..........................................................................126
4.6.2.2.3c Cc cu cho.........................................................................127
AASHTO cu ng b

4.6.2.3. B rng di tng ng i vi cc loi cu bn................................128
4.6.2.4. Cu dn v vm...............................................................................129
4.6.2.5. H s chiu di c hiu K...............................................................129
4.6.2.6. B rng cnh dm hu hiu............................................................129
4.6.2.6.1. Tng qut...................................................................................129
4.6.2.6.2. Cc dm hp v dm btng phn on v cc dm mt hp c ti
ch..............................................................................................................130
4.6.2.6.3. Kt cu nhp nhiu ngn c ti ch . ...................................133
4.6.2.6.4. Mt vcu thp trc hng ..........................................................133
4.6.2.7. Phn b ti trng gi ngang trong cu nhiu dm ........................134
4.6.2.7.1. Mt ct ch I ...........................................................................134
4.6.2.7.2. Mt ct hnh hp ....................................................................135
4.6.2.7.3. Thi cng .....................................................................................135
4.6.2.8. S phn phi ti trng ngang do ng t ....................................135
4.6.2.8.1. Phm vi p dng .........................................................................135
4.6.2.8.2. Cc tiu chun thit k..............................................................135
4.6.2.8.3. S phn b ti trng..................................................................136
4.6.2.9. Phn tch cc cu btng nhiu t...............................................136
4.6.2.9.1. Tng qut...................................................................................136
4.6.2.9.2. Cc m hnh chng v ging.....................................................136
4.6.2.9.3. Chiu rng hu hiu ca bn cnh dng cho vic tnh ton ng
sut khi chu ti khai thc c th c xc nh theo iu khon ca iu
4.6.2.6.2......................................................................................................137
4.6.2.9.4. Phn tch theo phng ngang....................................................137
4.6.2.9.5. Phn tch theo phng dc........................................................137
4.6.2.9.5a Tng qut..............................................................................137
4.6.2.9.5b Phn tch kt cu khi lp dng..........................................137
4.6.2.9.5c Phn tch h thng kt cu trng thi hon thnh......138
4.6.3. Phng php phn tch chnh xc.............................................................138
4.6.3.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................138
4.6.3.2. Mt cu...........................................................................................138
4.6.3.2.1. Tng qut...................................................................................138
4.6.3.2.2. M hnh bn ng hng...........................................................138
4.6.3.2.3. M hnh bn trc hng...............................................................138
4.6.3.3. Cu dm bn...................................................................................139
4.6.3.4. Cc cu hnh hp v cu nhiu ngn..............................................139
AASHTO cu ng b

4.6.3.5. Cu dn............................................................................................139
4.6.3.6. Cu vm...........................................................................................139
4.6.3.7. Cu dy vng...................................................................................140
4.6.3.8. Cu treo dy vng...........................................................................140
4.6.4. S phn b li mmen m trong cu dm lin tc ..................................141
4.6.4.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................141
4.6.4.2. Phng php chnh xc .....................................................................141
4.6.4.3. phng php gn ng .....................................................................141
4.6.5. n nh................................................................................................ 141
4.6.6. Phn tnh v gradien nhit ...............................................................141
4.7. Phn tch ng lc hc............................................................................... 141
4.7.1. Nhng yu cu c bn v ng lc hc kt cu......................................141
4.7.1.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................141
4.7.1.2. S phn b khi lng.........................................................................142
4.7.1.3. cng ............................................................................................142
4.7.1.4. Cc tn s t nhin (Tn s dao ng ring)...................................142
4.7.2. ng s ng hc n hi .......................................................................... 142
4.7.2.1. Dao ng do xe c...........................................................................142
4.7.2.2. Dao ng do gi ..............................................................................142
4.7.2.2.1. Cc vn tc gi...........................................................................142
4.7.2.2.2. Cc hiu ng ng hc.............................................................143
4.7.2.2.3. Nghin cu thit k...................................................................143
4.7.3. ng s ng hc khng n hi...............................................................143
4.7.3.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................143
4.7.3.2. Cc khp do v cc ng chy do....................................................143
4.7.4. Phn tch v ti trng ng t............................................................143
4.7.4.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................143
4.7.4.2. Cc cu mt nhp ............................................................................144
4.7.4.3. cc cu nhiu nhp .........................................................................144
4.7.4.3.1. La chn phng php ................................................................144
4.7.4.3.2. Phng php phn tch dnh n ..............................................144
4.7.4.3.2a Tng qut .............................................................................144
4.7.4.3.2b Phng php ph bin dnh n (Sigle-mode )....................144
4.7.4.3.2c Phng php ti trng ri u ................................................145
4.7.4.3.3. Phng php phn tch ph dng phc.....................................145
AASHTO cu ng b

4.7.4.3.4. Phng php lch s thi gian.....................................................145
4.7.4.4. Cc yu cu chuyn v ti thiu......................................................145
4.7.5. Phn tch ti trng va tu :......................................................................146
4.8. Phn tch theo m hnh vt l....................................................................146
4.8.1. Th nghim trn m hnh c t l thu nh kt cu.................................146
4.8.2. Th cu........................................................................................................ 147
5. kt cu btng ................................................................................147
5.1. Phm vi........................................................................................................... 147
5.2. Cc nh ngha............................................................................................ 147
5.3. K hiu ......................................................................................................... 151
5.4. Cc tnh cht ca vt liu ...........................................................................160
5.4.1. Tng qut ................................................................................................... 160
5.4.2. B tng kt cu c t trng bnh thNG v thp ...................................160
5.4.2.1. Cng chu nn .........................................................................160
5.4.2.2. H s gin n nhit........................................................................161
5.4.2.3. Co ngt v t bin ..........................................................................161
5.4.2.3.1. Tng qut..................................................................................161
5.4.2.3.2. T bin......................................................................................162
5.4.2.4. M un n hi ..............................................................................192
5.4.2.5. H s POISSON............................................................................192
5.4.2.6. Cng chu ko un ..................................................................192
5.4.2.7. Cng chu ko...........................................................................193
5.4.3. Ct thp ..................................................................................................... 193
5.4.3.1. Tng qut .........................................................................................193
5.4.3.2. M un n hi ...............................................................................193
5.4.3.3. Cc ng dng c bit....................................................................193
5.4.4. Thp ng sut trc ....................................................................................193
5.4.4.1. Tng qut.........................................................................................193
5.4.4.2. M un n hi ...............................................................................194
5.4.5. Neo ng sut trc sau v ni cp ...............................................................194
5.4.6. ng bc ...................................................................................................... 194
5.4.6.1. Tng qut ........................................................................................194
5.4.6.2. Kch thc ca ng bc .....................................................................195
AASHTO cu ng b

5.4.6.3. ng bc ti v tr neo chuyn hng .................................................195
5.5. Cc trng thi gii hn .................................................................................... 195
5.5.1. Tng qut ................................................................................................... 195
5.5.2. Ti trng gii hn s dng ........................................................................... 195
5.5.3. Trng thi gii hn mi ................................................................................ 195
5.5.3.1. Tng qut ........................................................................................195
5.5.3.2. Thanh ct thp ................................................................................196
5.5.3.3. B cp ng sut trc ........................................................................196
5.5.3.4. Cc mi ni hn hoc c kh ca ct thp ....................................196
5.5.4. Trng thi gii hn cng .........................................................................197
5.5.4.1. Tng qut .........................................................................................197
5.5.4.2. H s sc khng ..............................................................................197
5.5.4.2.1. Thi cng theo phng php thng thng ....................................197
5.5.4.2.2. Xy dng theo phn on .......................................................198
5.5.4.2.3. Cc yu cu c bit cho vng ng t 3 ...........................200
5.6. Cc nghin cu thit k ................................................................................ 200
5.6.1. Tng qut ................................................................................................... 200
5.6.2. Hiu ng ca bin dng cng bc ............................................................200
5.6.3. M hnh chng-v-ging ..........................................................................200
5.6.3.1. Tng qut .........................................................................................200
5.6.3.2. M hnh ho kt cu .......................................................................201
5.6.3.3. nh kch thc ca thanh chng chu nn ...................................201
5.6.3.3.1. Cng ca thanh chu nn khng ct thp ........................201
5.6.3.3.2. Din tch mt ct ngang c hiu ca thanh chu nn .......201
5.6.3.3.3. ng sut nn gii hn trong thanh chng ng sut chu nn gii hn
fcu phi ly nh sau:....................................................................................202
5.6.3.3.4. 5 Thanh chng c ct thp .......................................................202
5.6.3.4. nh kch thc thanh ging chu ko ...........................................203
5.6.3.4.1. Cng ca thanh ging .......................................................203
5.6.3.4.2. Neo thanh ging ........................................................................203
5.6.3.5. nh kch thc vng nt ..................................................................203
5.6.3.6. Ct thp khng ch nt .................................................................203
5.7. Thit k kt cu chu un v chu lc dc trc .......................................204
5.7.1. Cc gi thuyt cho trng thi gii hn s dng v mi................................204
AASHTO cu ng b

5.7.2. Cc gi thuyt cho trng thi gii hn cng v trng thi gii hn c bit
............................................................................................................................... 204
5.7.2.1. Tng qut .........................................................................................204
5.7.2.2. Phn b ng sut theo hnh ch nht ..........................................205
5.7.3. Cu kin chu un .................................................................................... 205
5.7.3.1. ng sut trong thp ng sut trc mc sc khng danh nh ....205
5.7.3.1.1. Cc cu kin c thp ng sut trc dnh bm ........................205
5.7.3.1.2. Cc cu kin c thp ng sut trc khng dnh bm .............206
5.7.3.2. Sc khng un ..................................................................................208
5.7.3.2.1. Sc khng tnh ton...................................................................208
5.7.3.2.3. Mt ct hnh T.........................................................................208
5.7.3.2.4. Mt ct hnh ch nht ...........................................................209
5.7.3.2.5. Cc dng mt ct khc ............................................................209
5.7.3.3. Cc gii hn ct thp ........................................................................209
5.7.3.3.1. Lng thp ti a........................................................................209
5.7.3.3.2. Lng ct thp ti thiu .............................................................210
5.7.3.4. Khng ch nt bng phn b ct thp .........................................210
5.7.3.5. S phn b li m men ...................................................................212
5.7.3.6. Cc bin dng ..................................................................................212
5.7.3.6.1. Tng qut .................................................................................212
5.7.3.6.2. vng v vng .................................................................212
5.7.3.6.3. Bin dng dc trc ....................................................................213
5.7.4. Cc cu kin chu nn .............................................................................. 213
5.7.4.1. Tng qut .........................................................................................213
5.7.4.2. Gii hn ct thp ...............................................................................214
5.7.4.3. nh ga gn ng v hiu ng mnh ....................................215
5.7.4.4. Cng chu lc dc trc tnh ton ..............................................216
5.7.4.5. Un hai chiu ..................................................................................217
5.7.4.6. Thp ai xon v thp ai.............................................................218
5.7.4.7. Cc cu kin chu nn c tit din hnh ch nht rng .............218
5.7.4.7.1. T s mnh ca vch ..........................................................218
nht ...........................................................................................................219
5.7.4.7.2a Tng qut .............................................................................219
AASHTO cu ng b

5.7.4.7.2b Phng php chnh xc hiu chnh gii hn ng bin ti a c php s dng .....................................................................................219
5.7.4.7.2c Phng php gn ng hiu chnh sc khng tnh ton ....219
5.7.4.8. B ..............................................................................................220
5.7.5. Cc cu kin chu ko .............................................................................220
5.7.5.1. Sc khng ko tnh ton .................................................................220
5.7.5.2. Sc khng khi ko un kt hp ........................................................221
5.8. Ct v xon ................................................................................................. 221
5.8.1. Phng php thit k .................................................................................221
5.8.1.1. Cc vng chu un ...........................................................................221
5.8.1.2. Cc vng gn v tr thay i kch thc t ngt............................221
5.8.1.3. Cc vng tip gip .............................................................................221
5.8.1.4. Cc loi bn v mng .................................................................221
5.8.2. Cc yu cu chung ..................................................................................... 221
5.8.2.1. Tng qut .........................................................................................221
5.8.2.2. Hiu chnh i vi b tng nh ......................................................222
5.8.2.3. Chiu di truyn lc v pht trin lc .............................................223
5.8.2.4. Vng i hi ct thp ngang ............................................................223
5.8.2.5. Ct thp ngang ti thiu .................................................................223
5.8.2.6. Cc loi ct thp ngang ....................................................................223
5.8.2.7. C ly ti a ca ct thp ngang ......................................................224
5.8.2.8. Cc yu cu thit k v cu to ......................................................224
5.8.3. M hnh thit k theo mt ct ..............................................................224
5.8.3.1. Tng qut .........................................................................................224
5.8.3.2. Cc mt ct cnh gi ......................................................................225
5.8.3.3. Sc khng ct danh nh ...............................................................225
5.8.3.4. Xc nh v ................................................................................226
....................................................................................................................226
5.8.3.4.2. Phng php chung .....................................................................226
5.8.3.5. Ct thp dc.....................................................................................230
5.8.3.6. Cc mt ct chu ct v xon v kt hp ...................................230
5.8.3.6.1. Ct thp ngang .........................................................................230
5.8.3.6.2. Sc khng xon ........................................................................230
5.8.3.6.3. Ct thp dc .............................................................................231
AASHTO cu ng b

5.8.4. Truyn lc mt ct tip xc - ma st ct ...............................................231
5.8.4.1. Tng qut .........................................................................................231
5.8.4.2. Dnh kt v ma st ..........................................................................232
5.8.5. Sc khng ct trc tip ca mi ni kh ..................................................233
5.9. ng sut trc v ng sut trc mt phn .......................................................233
5.9.1. Xem xt thit k chung ............................................................................ 233
5.9.1.1. Tng qut .........................................................................................233
5.9.1.3. Cng b tng qui nh ..............................................................234
5.9.1.4. on ..............................................................................................234
5.9.1.5. Cc c trng mt ct ....................................................................234
5.9.1.6. Kim tra vt nt ..............................................................................234
5.9.1.7. Cc b thp vi cc im gy hoc cong ........................................234
5.9.2. ng sut do bin dng cng bc .................................................................235
5.9.3. Cc gii hn ng sut cho cc b thp ng sut trc ...................................235
5.9.4. Cc gii hn ng sut i vi b tng ........................................................237
5.9.4.1. i vi cc ng sut tm thi trc cc mt mt - cc cu kin ng sut trc
hon ton ......................................................................................................237
5.9.4.1.1. ng sut nn ...........................................................................237
5.9.4.1.2. ng sut ko .............................................................................237
5.9.4.2. i vi cc ng sut trng thi gii hn s dng sau cc mt mt cc cu
kin ng sut trc hon ton ........................................................................238
5.9.4.2.1. ng sut nn ............................................................................238
5.9.4.2.2. ng sut ko ............................................................................239
5.9.4.3. Cc cu kin ng sut trc mt phn ..............................................240
5.9.5. Mt mt ng sut trc ................................................................................. 240
5.9.5.1. Tng mt mt ng sut trc ............................................................240
5.9.5.2. Cc mt mt tc thi .........................................................................241
5.9.5.2.1. Thit b neo..............................................................................241
5.9.5.2.2. Ma st .........................................................................................241
5.9.5.2.2a Thi cng bng phng php ko trc ......................................241
5.9.5.2.2b Thi cng bng phng php ko sau.....................................241
5.9.5.2.3. Co ngn n hi .....................................................................242
5.9.5.2.3a Cc cu kin ko trc ...........................................................242
5.9.5.2.3.b Cc cu kin ko sau .........................................................243
5.9.5.3. c tnh ton b mt mt theo thi gian ............................................243
5.9.5.4. c tnh chnh xc cc mt mt theo thi gian...................................244
AASHTO cu ng b

5.9.5.4.1. Tng qut .................................................................................244
5.9.5.4.2. Co ngt .....................................................................................245
5.9.5.4.3. T bin .....................................................................................245
5.9.5.4.4. Do .............................................................................................245
5.9.5.4.4a Tng qut .............................................................................245
5.9.5.4.4b Ti lc truyn lc ...................................................................245
5.9.5.4.4c Sau khi truyn ......................................................................246
5.9.5.5. Cc mt mt tnh vng .......................................................246
5.10. Cc chi tit t ct thp .......................................................................... 246
5.10.1. Lp b tng bo v ................................................................................... 246
5.10.2. Cc mc un cong...................................................................................... 247
5.10.2.1. Mc tiu chun ...............................................................................247
5.10.2.3. Cc mc chng ng t ..............................................................247
5.10.2.4. ng knh un cong ti thiu .......................................................247
5.10.3. C ly ct thp .......................................................................................... 248
5.10.3.1. C ly ct thp ti thiu ca cc thanh ct thp ...........................248
5.10.3.1.1. B tng c ti ch ..................................................................248
5.10.3.1.2. B tng c sn .....................................................................248
5.10.3.1.3. Nhiu lp .................................................................................248
5.10.3.1.4. Cc mi ni ..............................................................................248
5.10.3.1.5. B thanh..................................................................................248
5.10.3.2. C ly ti a ca cc thanh ct thp ..............................................249
5.10.3.3. C ly ti thiu ca cc b thp v ng bc ng sut trc ...........249
5.10.3.3.1. Tao thp ko trc.....................................................................249
5.10.3.3.2. Cc ng bc ko sau khng cong trong mt phng ngang ..250
5.10.3.3.3. Cc ng bc ko sau cong .....................................................251
5.10.3.3.4. C ly ti a ca cc b thp v ng bc ng sut trc trong cc bn
....................................................................................................................251
5.10.3.3.5. Cc u ni ca b thp ko sau ..........................................251
5.10.3.4. Kim ch b thp .........................................................................251
5.10.3.4.1. Tng qut ................................................................................251
5.10.3.4.2. Tc ng lc trong cc bn .....................................................251
5.10.3.4.3. Tc ng ca cc b cong .......................................................252
5.10.4. Kim ch b thp ................................................................................... 252
5.10.4.1. Tng qut .......................................................................................252
AASHTO cu ng b

5.10.4.2. Tc ng lc trong cc bn ...........................................................252
5.10.4.3. Tc ng ca cc b cong ..............................................................252
5.10.4.3.1. Cc hiu ng lc trong mt phng .......................................253
5.10.4.3.2. Cc hiu ng lc ngoi mt phng .....................................254
5.10.5. Cc b b thp t ngoi ................................................................254
5.10.6. Ct thp cho b phn chu nn .............................................................254
5.10.6.1. Tng qut .......................................................................................254
5.10.6.2. Ct xon ........................................................................................254
5.10.6.3. Ct ging ........................................................................................255
5.10.7. Ct thp ngang cho cc b phn chu un..............................................255
5.10.8. Ct thp co ngt v nhit ................................................................255
5.10.8.1. Tng qut .......................................................................................255
5.10.8.2. Cc c kin mng hn 1200mm..................................................256
5.10.8.3. B tng khi ln ...............................................................................256
5.10.9. Cc vng neo ko sau ...............................................................................257
5.10.9.1. Tng qut .......................................................................................257
5.10.9.2. Vng chung v vng cc b ............................................................257
5.10.9.2.1. Tng qut ................................................................................257
5.10.9.2.2. Vng chung ..............................................................................257
5.10.9.2.3. Vng cc b .............................................................................257
5.10.9.2.4. Trch nhim ............................................................................257
5.10.9.3. Thit k vng chung ......................................................................258
5.10.9.3.1. Cc phng php thit k ........................................................258
5.10.9.3.2. Nguyn l thit k ..................................................................259
5.10.9.3.3. Cc thit b neo c bit .....................................................260
5.10.9.3.4. 5.10.9.3.4 Cc b phn neo trung gian ...................................260
5.10.9.3.4a Tng qut ...........................................................................260
5.10.9.3.4b Ging neo pha sau ...........................................................260
5.10.9.3.4c Ct thp ca vu neo hoc sn gia c ............................261
5.10.9.3.5. Cc vch ngn ...........................................................................261
5.10.9.3.6. Nhiu neo bn ........................................................................261
5.10.9.3.7. Cc yn i hng .....................................................................262
5.10.9.4. p dng m hnh chng v ging thit k vng chung..........262
5.10.9.4.1. Tng qut ................................................................................262
5.10.9.4.2. Cc nt .....................................................................................262
AASHTO cu ng b

5.10.9.4.3. Cc thanh chng .....................................................................262
5.10.9.4.4. Cc ging ................................................................................263
5.10.9.5. Phn tch ng sut n hi ........................................................263
5.10.9.6. Cc phn tch ng sut v thit k gn ng ..........................263
5.10.9.6.1. Cc gii hn p dng ................................................................263
5.10.9.6.2. Cc ng sut nn ...................................................................263
5.10.9.6.3. Cc lc n ra ............................................................................264
5.10.9.7. k vng cc b................................................................................265
5.10.9.7.1. Cc kch thc vng cc b........................................................265
5.10.9.7.2. Sc khng p ta.....................................................................266
5.10.9.7.3. Cc thit b neo c bit....................................................267
5.10.10. Cc vng neo ko trc..............................................................................268
5.10.10.1. Sc khng n tnh ton.................................................................268
5.10.10.2. ct thp b gi..............................................................................268
5.10.11. Cc quy nh cho thit k ng t..................................................268
5.10.11.1. tng qut.......................................................................................268
5.10.11.2. vng ng t 1 ..........................................................................268
5.10.11.3. vng ng t 2............................................................................269
5.10.11.4. vng ng t 3 v 4....................................................................269
5.10.11.4.1. Cc yu cu i vi ct...........................................................269
5.10.11.4.1a Ct thp dc...................................................................269
5.10.11.4.1b Sc khng un................................................................269
5.10.11.4.1c Lc ct ca ct v ct thp ngang.................................269
5.10.11.4.1d Ct thp ngang b cc khp do........................................270
5.10.11.4.1e C ly ct thp ngang b............................................271
5.10.11.4.1f Mi ni...............................................................................271
5.10.11.4.2. Yu cu i vi tr-dng -tng ...............................................272
5.10.11.4.3. Lin kt ct.............................................................................272
5.10.11.4.4. Cc mi ni thi cng tr v ct............................................273
5.10.12. Ct thp cc cu kin chu nn c tit din ch nht rng .............273
5.10.12.1. tng qut.......................................................................................273
5.10.12.2. khong cch ct thp ...................................................................273
5.10.12.3. ging.............................................................................................273
5.10.12.4. cc mi ni.....................................................................................274
5.10.12.5. ct ai vng..................................................................................274
5.11. trin khai v mi ni ct thp ..................................................................274
AASHTO cu ng b

5.11.1. Tng qut................................................................................................. 274
5.11.1.1. yu cu c bn................................................................................274
5.11.1.2. trin khai ct thp chu un..........................................................274
5.11.1.2.1. Tng qut ................................................................................274
5.11.1.2.2. Ct thp chu m men dng...................................................275
5.11.1.2.3. Ct thp chu mmen m......................................................275
5.11.1.2.4. Mi ni chu m men..............................................................275
5.11.2. Trin khai ct thp .................................................................................. 275
5.11.2.1. cc thanh c g v si thp c g chu ko..................................275
5.11.2.1.1. Chiu di trin khai ct thp ko...........................................275
5.11.2.1.2. H s iu chnh lm tng c..............................................276
5.11.2.2. thanh c g chu nn....................................................................277
5.11.2.2.1. Chiu di trin khai ct thp nn...........................................277
5.11.2.2.2. H s iu chnh .................................................................278
5.11.2.3. b thanh..........................................................................................278
5.11.2.4. mc tiu chun chu ko...............................................................278
5.11.2.4.1. Chiu di trin khai thanh c bn...........................................278
5.11.2.4.2. H s iu chnh..................................................................278
5.11.2.4.3. Yu cu ging i vi thanh c mc .......................................279
5.11.2.5. Tm li si thp hn........................................................................280
5.11.2.5.1. Li si thp c g.......................................................................280
5.11.2.5.2. Tm li si thp trn.................................................................280
5.11.2.6. ct thp chng ct.........................................................................281
5.11.2.6.1. Tng qut.................................................................................281
5.11.2.6.2. Ni ct thp c g....................................................................281
5.11.2.6.3. Neo ct thp tm li si thp....................................................281
5.11.2.6.4. Cc ct ai kn........................................................................281
5.11.3. Trin khai neo c kh .............................................................................. 282
5.11.4. Trin khai tao cp ng sut trc ...............................................................282
5.11.4.1. Tng qut .......................................................................................282
5.11.4.2. tao thp c dnh kt......................................................................282
5.11.4.3. cc tao thp mt dnh kt tng phn...........................................282
5.11.5. Mi thanh ct thp ..................................................................................283
5.11.5.1. chi tit ho.......................................................................................283
AASHTO cu ng b

5.11.5.2. yu cu tng qut..........................................................................283
5.11.5.2.1. Mi ni chng...........................................................................283
5.11.5.2.2. Lin kt c kh.........................................................................283
5.11.5.2.3. Mi ni hn...............................................................................284
5.11.5.3. mi ni ct thp chu ko.............................................................284
5.11.5.3.1. Mi ni chng chu ko..........................................................284
5.11.5.3.2. Lin kt c kh hoc mi ni hn chu ko.........................284
5.11.5.4. Mi ni trong cu kin ging chu ko.........................................285
5.11.5.5. Mi ni thanh chu nn.................................................................285
5.11.5.5.1. Mi ni chng chu nn..........................................................285
5.11.5.5.2. Lin kt c kh hoc mi ni hn chu nn ........................285
5.11.5.5.3. Mi ni p ta u..................................................................285
5.11.5.6. Mi ni tm li si thp hn.............................................................286
5.11.5.6.1. mi ni tm li si thp c g hn chu ko............................286
5.11.5.6.2. Mi ni tm li si thp trn hn chu ko..............................286
5.12. bn.......................................................................................................... 286
5.12.1. Tng qut................................................................................................. 286
5.12.2. Ct liu phn ng kim silic....................................................................287
5.12.3. Lp ph b tng ........................................................................................ 287
5.12.4. Lp bc bo v.......................................................................................... 288
5.12.5. Bo v cc b tao cp ng sut trc..........................................................288
5.13. Cc cu kin ring bit...............................................................................288
5.13.1. Bn mt cu............................................................................................ 288
5.13.2. Vch ngn, dm cao, dm hng ngn, dm cha v g dm khc.........289
5.13.2.1. Tng qut........................................................................................289
5.13.2.2. Vch ngn.........................................................................................289
5.13.2.3. Cc yu cu chi tit i vi dm cao..............................................289
5.13.2.4. dm hng ngn v dm cha......................................................290
5.13.2.4.1. Tng qut.................................................................................290
5.13.2.4.2. La chn m hnh chng-v-ging.........................................291
5.13.2.5. G dm khc..................................................................................291
5.13.2.5.1. Tng qut.................................................................................291
5.13.2.5.2. Thit k chu lc ct.............................................................292
5.13.2.5.3. Thit k chu un v lc nm ngang.....................................293
AASHTO cu ng b

5.13.2.5.4. Thit k chng lc ct xuyn.................................................293
5.13.2.5.5. Thit k ct thp treo.............................................................294
5.13.2.5.6. Thit k gi ........................................................................296
5.13.3. mng ................................................................................................... 296
5.13.3.1. Tng qut .......................................................................................296
5.13.3.2. Ti trng v phn lc .....................................................................296
5.13.3.3. H s sc khng ............................................................................297
5.13.3.4. M men trong mng ................................................................297
5.13.3.5. Phn b ct thp chu m men ..................................................297
5.13.3.6. Lc ct trong bn v mng .....................................................297
5.13.3.6.1. Cc mt ct nguy him i vi lc ct .................................297
5.13.3.6.2. Tc ng mt chiu ................................................................298
5.13.3.6.3. Tc ng hai chiu .................................................................298
5.13.3.7. Trin khai ct thp .......................................................................299
5.13.3.8. Truyn lc ti y ct .....................................................................299
5.13.4. Cc b tng ............................................................................................... 300
5.13.4.1. 5Tng qut .....................................................................................300
5.13.4.2. Cc mi ni .....................................................................................300
5.13.4.3. Cc b tng c sn .....................................................................300
5.13.4.3.1. Kch thc cc ..........................................................................300
5.13.4.3.2. Ct thp .................................................................................301
5.13.4.4. Cc b tng ng sut c sn ....................................................301
5.13.4.4.1. Kch thc cc ..........................................................................301
5.13.4.4.2. Cht lng b tng .....................................................................301
5.13.4.4.3. Ct thp .................................................................................301
5.13.4.5. Cc c ti ch ...............................................................................302
5.13.4.5.1. Cc kch thc cc ....................................................................302
5.13.4.5.2. Ct thp .................................................................................302
5.13.4.6. Cc yu cu v ng t .............................................................302
5.13.4.6.1. Vng 1.......................................................................................302
5.13.4.6.2. Vng 2.......................................................................................302
5.13.4.6.2 a Tng qut ..........................................................................302
5.134.6.2b Cc c ti ch ....................................................................303
5.13.4.6.2c Cc ct thp c sn .......................................................303
5.13.4.6.2d Cc cc ng sut trc c sn .........................................303
5.13.4.6.3 Cc vng 3 v 4 ......................................................................303
AASHTO cu ng b

5.14. Qui nh i vi cc loi kt cu ..............................................................304
5.14.1. Dm v dm t hp .................................................................................. 304
5.14.1.1. Tng qut .......................................................................................304
5.14.1.2. Dm c sn ................................................................................304
5.14.1.2.1. Cc cu kin trc khi s dng .................................................304
5.14.1.2.2. Cc kch thc qu c .................................................................304
5.14.1.2.3. Cc thit b cu nhc ...........................................................305
5.14.1.2.4. Thit k chi tit ......................................................................305
5.14.1.2.5. Cng b tng .....................................................................305
5.14.1.2.6. Cc mi ni thi cng hng ngang..............................................305
5.14.1.2.6a Tng qut ...........................................................................305
5.14.1.2.6b Cc mi ni thi cng c hiu hon ton .............................305
5.14.1.2.7. Cc cu gm cc dm t hp c sn nhp gin n c ni lin
tc ..............................................................................................................306
5.14.1.2.7a Tng qut ..........................................................................306
5.14.1.2.7b Ct thp .............................................................................306
5.14.1.2.7c Mc lin tc ti cc trng thi gii hn khc nhau ............306
5.14.1.2.8. Cc mi ni thi cng theo hng dc .........................................306
5.14.1.3. Cc dm t hp v dm T c tai ch ..........................................307
5.14.1.3.1. Chiu di cnh v sn............................................................307
5.14.1.3.1a Cnh nh ..........................................................................307
5.14.1.3.1b Cnh y ............................................................................307
5.14.1.3.1c Sn dm .............................................................................307
5.14.1.3.2. Ct thp .................................................................................307
5.14.13.2a Ct thp bn mt cu ca dm T v dm hp c ti ch . .307
5.14.1.3.2b Ct thp bn y trong dm hp c ti ch.....................308
5.14.2. Thi cng phn on ...............................................................................308
5.14.2.1. Tng qut .......................................................................................308
5.14.2.2. Phn tch cc cu phn on .....................................................308
5.14.2.2.1. Tng qut ................................................................................308
Phn tch thi cng ................................................................................308
5.14.2.2.2. Phn tch h kt cu cui cng ............................................308
5.14.2.3. Thit k .........................................................................................309
5.14.2.3.1. Cc ti trng .............................................................................309
5.14.2.3.2. Cc ti trng thi cng ...............................................................309
5.14.2.3.3. Cc t hp ti trng thi cng trng thi gii hn s dng .......310
5.14.2.3.4. Cc t hp ti trng thi cng cc trng thi gii hn cng .314
5.14.2.3.5. Cc tc mg nhit trong khi thi cng ....................................314
AASHTO cu ng b

5.14.2.3.6. T bin v co ngt ..................................................................314
5.14.2.3.7. Mt mt ng sut trc .............................................................314
5.14.2.3.8. ng bc v neo ko sau d phng .........................................314
5.14.2.3.8a Tng qut ...........................................................................314
5.14.2.3.8b Cc cu c cc ng bc t bn trong ..............................314
5.14.2.3.8c. D tr cho tnh ti tng lai hoc vng ........................315
5.14.2.3.9. Cch trnh by cc bn v cng sau ........................................315
5.14.2.3.9.a Tng qut ..........................................................................315
5.14.2.3.9b Lp ti liu hp ng theo cch A......................................315
5.14.2.3.9c Lp ti liu hp ng theo cch B......................................315
5.14.2.3.9d Cc bn v thi cng ..............................................................316
5.14.2.3.10. Kch thc v chi tit mt ct ngang dm hp ...................316
5.14.2.3.10a B dy ti thiu ca cnh dm ........................................316
5.14.2.3.10b . Chiu dy ti thiu ca bng dm ................................316
5.14.2.3.10c Chiu di phn hng ca cnh trn dm ........................317
5.14.2.3.10d Cc kch thc chung ca mt ct ngang ........................317
5.14.2.3.11. Thit k v ng t .........................................................317
5.14.2.4. Cc loi cu phn on ..................................................................317
5.14.2.4.1. Tng qut ................................................................................317
5.14.2.4.2. Cc cu to v chi tit thi cng c sn ...............................317
5.14.2.4.3. Cc cu to v chi tit v thi cng ..........................................318
5.14.2.4.4. Thi cng hng .........................................................................318
5.14.2.4.5. Thi cng theo phng php tng nhp mt ..............................319
5.14.2.4.6. Thi cng theo phng php c y ........................................319
5.14.2.4.6a Tng qut ...........................................................................319
5.14.2.4.6b Cc tc ng lc do cc sai s thi cng ...............................319
5.14.2.4.6c Cc chi tit thit k ............................................................320
5.14.2.4.6d Thit k thit b thi cng ..................................................320
5.14.2.4.7. Cu dm phn on c sn .............................................321
5.14.2.4.4.7a Tng qut ........................................................................321
5.14.2.4.7b Ct thp phn on ..........................................................321
5.14.2.4.7c Cc mi ni ..........................................................................321
5.14.2.4.7d Ko sau ..............................................................................321
5.14.2.5. Dng cc phng php thi cng khc .................................................321
5.14.2.6. Kt cu phn di ca cu phn on...........................................322
5.14.2.6.1. Tng qut ...............................................................................322
5.14.2.6.2. T hp ti trng thi cng ........................................................322
5.14.2.6.3. Ct thp dc ca cc tr phn on c sn mt ct hnh ch
nht rng ...................................................................................................322
5.14.3. Vm .......................................................................................................... 323
AASHTO cu ng b

5.14.3.1. Tng qut .......................................................................................323
5.14.3.2. Sn vm ........................................................................................323
5.14.4. Kt cu bn ............................................................................................. 323
5.14.4.1. Kt cu bn c c ti ch .......................................................323
5.14.4.2. Kt cu bn rng c ti ch ........................................................324
5.14.4.2.1. Cc kch thc mt ct ngang.................................................324
5.14.4.2.2. S lng gi t nht ..................................................................325
5.14.4.3. Cu c bn mt cu c sn ...................................................325
5.14.4.3.1. Tng qut ................................................................................325
5.14.4.3.2. Cc b phn truyn lc ct ....................................................326
5.14.4.3.3. Cc mi ni truyn lc ct un ...............................................326
5.14.4.3.3a Tng qut ...........................................................................326
5.14.4.3.3b Thit k ..............................................................................326
5.14.4.3.3c S ko sau .........................................................................326
5.14.4.3.3d Cc mi ni thi cng theo phng dc .................................326
5.14.4.3.3e Mi ni hp long c ti ch ................................................326
5.14.4.3.3f Lp ph mt trn kt cu ...................................................326
5.14.5. Cc qui nh ph thm vi cng ..............................................................326
5.14.5.1. Tng qut .......................................................................................326
5.14.5.2. Thit k theo un ..........................................................................327
5.14.5.3. Thit k lc ct trong cc bn ca cng hp................................327
6. Phn 6 kt cu thp.....................................................................329
6.1. phm vi........................................................................................................... 329
6.2. 6.2 Cc nh ngha..................................................................................... 329
6.3. k hiu........................................................................................................... 334
6.4. vt liu .......................................................................................................... 343
6.4.1. cc loi thp kt cu................................................................................... 343
6.4.2. Cht, con ln v con lc............................................................................344
6.4.3. Bu lng ai c v vng m ...................................................................344
6.4.3.1. bu lng .............................................................................................344
6.4.3.2. ai c ...............................................................................................345
6.4.3.3. vng m ........................................................................................345
6.4.3.4. Cc linh kin lin kt tu chn ..................................................346
6.4.3.5. thit b ch bo ti trng ................................................................346
6.4.4. inh neo chu ct ...................................................................................... 346
AASHTO cu ng b

6.4.5. Kim loi hn................................................................................................. 346
6.4.6. Kim loi c................................................................................................ 346
6.4.6.1. Thp c v gang do......................................................................346
6.4.6.2. Cc sn phm c rn c................................................................347
6.4.6.3. gang..................................................................................................347
6.4.7. Thp khng g........................................................................................... 347
6.4.8. Dy thp.................................................................................................... 347
6.4.8.1. 6.4.8.1 dy thp trn........................................................................347
6.4.8.2. dy thp trng km............................................................................347
6.4.8.3. Dy thp bc poxy..........................................................................347
6.4.8.4. Dy cp cu......................................................................................348
6.5. cc trng thi gii hn ..................................................................................... 348
6.5.1. 6.5.1 Tng qut.......................................................................................... 348
6.5.2. Trng thi gii hn s dng........................................................................... 348
6.5.3. trng thi gii hn mi v t gy ...............................................................348
6.5.4. trng thi gii hn cng .......................................................................... 348
6.5.4.1. tng qut ..........................................................................................348
6.5.4.2. h s sc khng................................................................................348
6.5.5. trng thi gii hn c bit........................................................................349
6.6. Cc xem xt v mi v t gy.....................................................................350
6.6.1. mi.......................................................................................................... 350
6.6.1.1. tng qut ..........................................................................................350
6.6.1.2. Mi do ti trng gy ra .....................................................................350
6.6.1.2.1. ng dng ...................................................................................350
6.6.1.2.2. Cc tiu chun thit k..............................................................350
6.6.1.2.3. Cc loi chi tit............................................................................350
6.6.1.2.4. Cc chi tit s dng hn ch......................................................357
6.6.1.2.5. Sc khng mi............................................................................358
6.6.1.3. Mi do cong vnh gy ra...................................................................359
6.6.1.3.1. Cc bn lin kt ngang...............................................................360
6.6.1.3.2. 6.6.1.3.2 Bn lin kt ngang ....................................................360
6.6.1.3.3. Mt cu trc hng.....................................................................360
6.6.2. t gy.......................................................................................................... 360
6.7. Cc yu cu v kch thc chung v chi tit ..................................................361
AASHTO cu ng b

6.7.1. Chiu di hu ch ca nhp......................................................................361
6.7.2. vng tnh ti ......................................................................................... 361
6.7.3. Chiu dy nh nht ca thp.....................................................................362
6.7.4. Vch ngn v khung ngang......................................................................... 362
6.7.4.1. Tng qut..........................................................................................362
6.7.4.2. Dm c mt ct I thng.................................................................362
6.7.4.3. Dm c mt ct hp thng ..........................................................363
6.7.4.4. gin v vm .....................................................................................363
6.7.5. H lin kt tng cng ngang (H ging lin kt ngang )........................363
6.7.5.1. tng qut...........................................................................................363
6.7.5.2. Dm c mt ct I thng.................................................................364
6.7.5.3. Gin...................................................................................................364
6.7.6. cht.............................................................................................................. 364
6.7.6.1. v tr................................................................................................364
6.7.6.2. sc khng..........................................................................................365
6.7.6.2.1. un v ct kt hp.....................................................................365
6.7.6.2.2. p mt .....................................................................................365
6.7.6.3. Kch thc ti thiu ca cht i vi cc thanh c tai treo.................365
6.7.6.4. cht v ai c ca cht ...................................................................366
6.8. cu kin chu ko......................................................................................... 366
6.8.1. 6.8.1 tng qut .......................................................................................... 366
6.8.2. 6.8.2 Sc khng ko.................................................................................... 366
6.8.2.1. Tng qut .........................................................................................366
6.8.2.2. H s trit gim, U...........................................................................367
6.8.2.3. ko v un kt hp...........................................................................368
6.8.3. Din tch thc ........................................................................................... 368
6.8.4. T s mnh gii hn ..............................................................................368
6.8.5. cc b phn lp rp................................................................................... 369
6.8.5.1. tng qut ..........................................................................................369
6.8.5.2. cc bn khoan l ...............................................................................369
6.8.6. cc thanh c tai treo................................................................................... 369
6.8.6.1. Sc khng tnh ton .........................................................................369
6.8.6.2. Cc t l............................................................................................369
6.8.6.3. m chn ..........................................................................................370
AASHTO cu ng b

6.8.7. Cc bn lin kt cht .................................................................................370
6.8.7.1. Tng qut .........................................................................................370
6.8.7.2. Bn cht ...........................................................................................370
6.8.7.3. Cc t l ...........................................................................................370
6.8.7.4. m chn...........................................................................................371
6.9. 6.9 Cu kin chu nn ...............................................................................371
6.9.1. tng qut ................................................................................................... 371
6.9.2. Sc khng nn ............................................................................................ 371
6.9.2.1. Nn dc trc ....................................................................................371
6.9.2.2. nn dc trc v un kt hp ...........................................................371
6.9.3. T s mnh gii hn ..............................................................................372
6.9.4. cc cu kin khng lin hp........................................................................373
6.9.4.1. Sc khng nn danh nh ..............................................................373
6.9.4.2. cc t s chiu rng /chiu dy gii hn i vi nn dc trc .........373
6.9.4.3. cc b phn lp rp.........................................................................375
6.9.4.3.1. tng qut ..................................................................................375
6.9.4.3.2. Cc bn khoan l .......................................................................375
6.9.5. Cc cu kin lin hp .................................................................................. 375
6.9.5.1. Sc khng nn danh nh .............................................................375
6.9.5.2. Cc gii hn ........................................................................................377
6.9.5.2.1. tng qut ..................................................................................377
6.9.5.2.2. Cc ng nhi y b tng..........................................................377
6.9.5.2.3. Cc thp hnh hc b tng ........................................................377
6.10. Cac mt ct ch I chu un ........................................................................ 378
6.10.1. tng qut ................................................................................................. 378
6.10.2. Cc gii hn trong vic xc nh kch thc mt ct..............................378
6.10.2.1. cc t l cu to chung ..................................................................378
6.10.2.2. mnh ca bng .........................................................................378
6.10.3. p dng ..................................................................................................... 379
6.10.3.1. Cc mt ct lin hp.......................................................................379
6.10.3.1.1. Cc ng sut ...........................................................................379
6.10.3.1.1a Trnh t cht ti trng.........................................................379
6.10.3.1.1b Un dng.............................................................................379
6.10.3.1.1c Un m................................................................................380
6.10.3.1.1d Chiu rng hu ch ca bn .............................................380
AASHTO cu ng b

6.10.3.1.2. Mmen chy do.......................................................................380
6.10.3.1.3. Mmen do...............................................................................380
6.10.3.1.4. Chiu cao ca bng chu nn...............................................380
6.10.3.1.4a Ti mmen n hi..............................................................380
6.10.3.1.4b Ti mmen do......................................................................380
6.10.3.2. yu cu v cu to i vi cc mt ct lin hp.............................381
6.10.3.2.1. Tng qut ................................................................................381
6.10.3.2.2. Sc khng un danh nh.......................................................381
6.10.3.2.3. Sc khng ct danh nh ......................................................381
6.10.3.3. cc mt ct khng lin hp.............................................................382
6.10.3.3.1. Mmen chy do v mmen do...............................................382
6.10.3.3.2. Chiu cao ca bn bng chu nn ti mmen do.................382
6.10.3.4. cng...........................................................................................382
6.10.3.5. 6.10.3.5 Cc tc dng ca gi ln cc cnh dm..............................383
6.10.3.5.1. Cc mt ct c ..................................................................383
6.10.3.5.2. Cc mt ct khng c .......................................................383
6.10.3.6. mt ct thu hp...........................................................................384
6.10.3.7. ct thp ti thiu cc bn chu un m.....................................384
6.10.4. sc khng un theo trng thi gii hn cng ........................................384
6.10.4.1. phn loi sc khng un..................................................................385
6.10.4.1.1. cng chy do nh nht quy nh ...................................385
6.10.4.1.2. mnh ca bn bng c mt ct c..............................385
6.10.4.1.3. mnh ca bn cnh chu nn c mt ct c..............385
6.10.4.1.4. mnh ca cch chu nn c mt ct khng c..........386
6.10.4.1.5. iu kin s dng cng thc Q theo cch tu chn ...............386
6.10.4.1.6. Tc dng qua li gia mnh ca bng c mt ct c v cnh
chu nn....................................................................................................387
6.10.4.1.6a Tng qut............................................................................387
6.10.4.1.6b Phng trnh tc ng qua li .............................................387
6.10.4.1.7. Ging cnh chu nn c mt ct c ................................387
6.10.4.1.8. mnh ca bng v cnh chu nn dng cng thc Q theo cch
tu chn .....................................................................................................388
6.10.4.1.9. Ging cnh chu nn c mt ct khng c .....................388
6.10.4.2. Xc nh sc khng un.................................................................389
6.10.4.2.1. sc khng un ca cc mt ct thng thng .........................389
6.10.4.2.2. sc khng un dng ca mt ct lin hp c......................389
AASHTO cu ng b

6.10.4.2.2a Tng qut............................................................................389
6.10.4.2.2b Cc yu cu v tnh do.....................................................390
6.10.4.2.3. Tnh sc khng un da trn cng thc Q theo cch tu chn ....390
6.10.4.2.4. sc khng un ca cnh c mt ct khng c ..................391
6.10.4.2.5. sc khng un ca cnh ca mt ct lin hp do chu on khi xon
ngang..........................................................................................................391
6.10.4.2.5a Cc cnh chu nn.............................................................391
6.10.4.2.5b Cc cnh chu ko..............................................................392
6.10.4.2.6. sc khng un ca mt ct khng lin hp da trn b on do xon
ngang..........................................................................................................392
6.10.42.6a Cc cnh chu nn .............................................................392
6.10.4.2.6b Cc cnh chu ko..............................................................393
6.10.4.3. Cc h s gim ng sut cnh........................................................393
6.10.4.3.1. H s lai Rh.............................................................................393
6.10.4.3.1a Tng qut...........................................................................393
6.10.4.3.1b un dng.............................................................................393
6.10.4.3.1c un m................................................................................394
6.10.4.3.2. H s xt n on cc b Rh................................................394
6.10.4.3.2a cc cch chu nn..............................................................394
m tng i (%)
kc = H s xt n nh hng ca t l khi lng / chia cho b mt ca b phn kt
cu th hin hnh 1.
kt =
H s xt n nh hng ca cng b tng
t =
Tui b tng (ngy)
Khi khng c thng tin tt hn ,H c th xc nh theo Hnh 5.4.2.3.3.1.

f'c =
Cng chu nn qui nh tui 28 ngy (Mpa)
Hnh 5.4.2.3.2.1-H s kc ph thuc vo th tch trn b mt

xc nh tui ca b tng ti thi im t ti u tin t l, khi bo dng b tng
bng hi nc hoc bc x nhit th tui th mt ngy tnh bng 7 ngy khi b tng bo
dng theo phng php thng thng.
Din tch b mt dng xc nh t l th tch trn b mt ch tnh cc din
tch b mt tip xc vi kh quyn .i vi cc mt ct hp kn m kh nng thng
gi km th tnh vi 50%
Din tch b mt bn trong hnh hp.
5.4.2.3.3 Co ngt
i vi b tng c bo dng m , khng co ngt ct liu, ng bin do co ngt ti thi
im tI c th xc nh nh sau :
AASHTO cu ng b

t
3
0.51 10
35.0 + t
sh = k s k h
(5.4.2.3.3-1)
Trong
t =
Thi gian kh (ngy)
ks =
H s qui nh kch thc qui nh hnh 1
kh = H s m , ni chung phi ly bng 100 nhng vng m tng i trung

bnh hng nm bao quanh vt qu 80% c ly bng 0.86
Nu b tng bo dng m c l ra ngoi trc 5 ngy bo dng tri qua th co ngt
c xc nh theo phng trnh 1 cn tng thm 20%.
i vi b tng bo dng bng hi nc khng co ngt ct liu
t
3
0.56 10
55
.
0
+
t
sh = k s k h
(5.4.2.3.3-2)
Hnh 5.4.2.3.3-1. H s ks v t l th tch b mt
5.4.2.4.
M un n hi
Khi khng c s liu chnh xc hn , m un n hi ca cc loi b tng c t trng

khong t 1140 n 2500 kg/m3 c th ly nh sau :
Ec = 0.043 y1c .5
f c'
(5.4.2.4-1)
trong :
yc =
T trng ca b tng (kg/m3)
f'c =
Cng qui nh ca b tng (Mpa)
5.4.2.5.
H s POISSON
Tr trng c th xc nh bng th nghim vt l , h s Poisson c th ly bng

0,2 . i vi cu kin cho php xut hin nt , c th khng xt n hiu ng
Poisson.
5.4.2.6.
Cng chu ko un
Nu khng c s liu xc nh bng cc th nghim vt l th cng chu ko un

fr tnh bng Mpa c th xc nh nh sau :
i vi b tng c t trng thng:....................................................... 0.63 f c'
AASHTO cu ng b
i vi b tng c t trng thp -ct :..............................................
i vi b tng c t trng thp cc loi :...................................... 0.45
5.4.2.7.
0.52
f c'
f c'
Cng chu ko
C th xc nh cng chu ko trc tip theo ASTM C900"Phng php th

nghim chun cng chu ko b tng cng" hoc theo AASHTO T 98 (ASTM
C496) "Phng php th nghim ch tiu chun xc nh cng chu ko ca
mu b tng hnh tr ".
5.4.3.
Ct thp
5.4.3.1.
Tng qut
Ct thp thanh ,thp trn, c g, thp si ko ngui , li si thp trn hn, li si thp c
g hn, phi tun th theo cc cc tiu chun vt liu qui nh trong Phn 809 ca
Tiu chun thi cng .
Ct thp c g, tr khi dng cc thanh thp trn , si thp trn trn lm thp xon, lm
mc treo v cu to li thp. Gii hn chy danh nh ca ct thp phi l ti thiu nh
ch ra ca cp thp c chn , tr khi gii hn chy vt qu 520 Mpa s khng c
dng mc ch cho thit k . Gii hn chy hay cp ca thp si phi c qui nh r
trong hp ng thu . Ch c dng thanh thp c gii hn chy nh hn 420 Mpa khi c
s chp nhn ca Ch u t .
Khi tnh do ca ct thp c m bo hoc ct thp phi cn ch r ct thp phi
theo yu cu ca ASTM A706 M thanh thp c g bng thp hp kim thp dng cho cu
kin b tng ct thp "
5.4.3.2.
M un n hi
M un n hi ca thp ly bng 200000Mpa
5.4.3.3.
Cc ng dng c bit
Ct thp no phi hn v phng php hn phi c qui nh r trong h s thu .
5.4.4.
Thp ng sut trc
5.4.4.1.
Tng qut
Cc loi cp ng sut trc khng sn ph c kh ng sut hoc cp ng sut trc 7si

do t chng thp hoc cc thanh thp khng sn ph cng cao , trn hay c g ,
phi ph hp vi tiu chun vt liu trong qui nh trong Tiu chun thi cng cu :
AASHTO M203M (ASTM A416M) - Tao thp 7 si ng sut trc khng sn ph

cho b tng ng sut trc
AASHTO cu ng b
AASHTO M275M (ASTM A722) - Thp cng cao khng sn ph dng cho b
tng ng sut trc .
Gii hn ko v gii hn chy ca cc loi thp ny c th ly Bng 1 di y .

Bng 5.4.4.1-1- Tnh cht ca tao cp thp v thp thanh ng sut trc
Vt
liu
Tao
thp
Thp
thanh
Mc thp hoc ng
loi
mm
1725 Mpa
250
1860 Mpa
270)
Cng
GiI hn chy fpv
knh chu ko (Mpa)
fpy(Mpa)
(Mc 6.35n 15.24

(Mc
5.93 n15.24
Loi 1 thp trn 19 n 35

loi 2 thp c g
15 n 36
1725
1860
85%ca fpungoi tr
90% ca fpu vi tao cp
t trng thp
1035
85%
ca
80% ca fpv
1035
fpU
Nu trong h s thu c cc chi tit v ng sut trc th phi ch r kch thc v mc

thp Nu trong h s ch qui nh lc ko ng sut trc v v tr t lc th vic
chn kch c thp v loi thp do nh thu la chn v k s gim st duyt .
5.4.4.2.
M un n hi
Nu khng c cc s liu chnh xc hn m un n hi ca thp ng sut trc da

trn din tch mt ct ngang danh nh ca thp c th ly nh sau :
i vi tao thp : Ep = 197 000 Mpa v
i vi thanh
: Ep = 207 000 Mpa
5.4.5.
Neo ng sut trc sau v ni cp
Neo v mi ni cp phi cu to theo cc yu cu ca iu 10.3.2 ca tiu chun thi

cng cu .
Phi tin hnh bo v chng g cho cp neo , cc u neo v mi ni cp .
5.4.6.
ng bc
5.4.6.1.
Tng qut
ng bc cho cp phi cng hoc na cng bng thp m km hoc bng nha hoc
to l trong b tng bng li ly ra c . Bn knh cong ca ng bc khng c nh hn
6000mm, tr vng neo c th nh ti 3600mm.
Khng c dng ng bc bng nha khi bn knh cong nh hn 9000mm.
AASHTO cu ng b

Khi dng ng bc bng nha cho loi cp c dnh bm th phi xem xt c tnh dnh
bm ca ng nha vi b tng v va .
Hiu qu p lc ca va ln ng bc v vng b tng xung quanh phi c kim tra .
C ly ln nht gia cc im k c nh ng bc trong khi thi cng phi c qui nh
trong h s thu .
5.4.6.2.
Kch thc ca ng bc
ng trong ca ng bc t nht phi ln hn ng knh ca thanh thp ng sut trc

n hay b cp ng sut trc 6mm. i vi loi thp ng sut trc nhiu thanh v b cp
ng sut trc th din tch ca ng bc t nht phi ln hn hai ln din tch tnh
ca mt ct b thp ng sut trc ,khi lp t b thp bng phng php ko qua th
din tch mt ct ca ng bc phi ln hn 2.5 ln din tch ca mt ct b cp.
Kch thc ca ng bc khng c vt 0,4 b dy b tng nh nht ti v tr t ng
bc .
5.4.6.3.
ng bc ti v tr neo chuyn hng
ng bc v tr chuyn hng phi l ng thp m ph ho vi tiu chun ASTM A53 , loi

E cp B , dy danh nh ca thnh ng khng c nh hn 3mm
5.5.
5.5.1.
Cc trng thi gii hn

Tng qut
Cc b phn kt cu phi c cu to tho mn cc yu cu trng thi gii hn s

dng , mi cng v c bit .
Cc kt cu b tng ng sut trc v b tng ng sut mt phn phi c kim tra ng
sut v bin dng cho tng giai on c th l ti hn trong qu trnh thi cng ,cng ko
ng sut trc xp kho ,vn chuyn v lp rp cng nh trong qu trnh khai thc kt cu
m cng nh trong qu trnh khai thc kt cu m chng l mt phn .
Phi kim ton ng sut tp trung gy ra ro lc cng ng sut hoc do ti trng , do
bin dng kim ch hoc cng bc .
5.5.2.
Ti trng gii hn s dng
Cc vn cn phi kim ton trng thi gii hn s dng phi l nt ,bin dng v
ng sut trong b tng nh ch ra cc iu 5.7.3.4v 5.9.4 tng ng
ng sut phi c ly vi cng chu ko un trong iu 5.4.2.6.
5.5.3.
Trng thi gii hn mi
5.5.3.1.
Tng qut
Khng cn kim ton mi cho bn b tng trong cu kin nhiu dm .

Trong vng chu ng sut nn do ti trng thng xuyn v ng sut trc ch kim ton
mi nu nh ng sut nn nh hn hai ln ng sut ko ln nht gy ra do t hot ti
tnh mi nh ch ra Bng 3.4.1.1km theo ch dn ca iu 3.6.1.4
AASHTO cu ng b

Khng cn kim ton mi ca ct thp trong thng hp cu kin b tng ng sut trc
hon ton c thit k m bo cho ng sut ko th ngoi cng theo trng thi gii
hn s dng khng c vt qu gii hn ng sut ko qui nh trong iu 5.9.4.2.2b
Khi cn phi xt n iu kin mi th vic xc nh phm vi ng sut phi dng t
hp ti trng tnh mi nh ch dn Bng 3.4.1.1
c trng mt ct tnh mi da trn mt ct b nt do tng s ng sut do ti
trng thng xuyn , lc ng sut trc v 1,5 ln ti trng do mi l
chu ko v vt qu 0,25 f c'
5.5.3.2.
Thanh ct thp
Phm vi bin thin ng sut trong thanh ct thp thng khng c vt qu :

r
f f = 145 0,33 f min + 55
h
(5.5.52.1)
trong :
ff
Phm vi bin thin ng sut (Mpa)
fmim =
Mc ng sut nh nht theo gi tr i s xy ra do t hp ti trng mi
nh qui trong bng 3.4.1.1, ly gi tr dng khi ko , gi tr m khi nn (Mpa)
r/h
=
T s gia bn knh y vi chiu cao ca bin dng ngang tri
qua. Nu gi tr ny khng bit c th ly bng 0,3
5.5.3.3.
B cp ng sut trc
Phm vi bin thin ng sut trong b cp ng sut trc khng c vt qu :
125 Mpa i vi b cp c bn knh cong ln hn 9000mm v
70 Mpa i vi b cp c bn knh cong nh hn 3600mm
i vi b cp c bn knh gia tr s 3600mmv 9000 mm phm vi bin thin ng sut

c th ly theo tr s ni suy tuyn tnh .
5.5.3.4.
Cc mi ni hn hoc c kh ca ct thp
i vi cc mi ni hn hoc c kh khi chu tc dng ca cc ti trng trng phc th

bin ng sut ff khng c vt qu cng chu mi danh nh nu trong Bng 1
AASHTO cu ng b

Bng 5.5.3.4.1 Cng chu mi danh nh ca cc mi ni
ff
i vi cc chu k
ln hn 1.000.000
Loi mi ni
Mng sng nhi va, ct thp ph epxy hoc
khng
126 Mpa
+ Mng sng ghp bng cch p ngui khng

c ren u, ct thp ph epxy; hoc
khng B ni c rn nguyn khi c ren NC
Mng sng thp c nm ;
84Mpa
+B ni ren vt ming n (taper-threaded);

v mi ni hn i u trc tip rnh V n
Cc loi mi ni khc
28Mpa
Trong trng hp tng s chu k tc dng ti trng N cyc hn 1 triu, ff c th c tng

thm 168 (6-loig Neye) tnh bng Mpa n mt tng lng tng khng ln hn gi tr ca
ff cho ti gi tr tnh theo phng trnh 5.5.3.2-1 trong iu 5.5.3.2 . Cc gi tr cao hn
ca ff cho ti gi tr tnh theo phng trnh 5.5.3.2-1 c th c s dng nu c xc
minh bng th nghim mi trn cc mi ni ging nh cc mi ni s c s dng trong
cng trnh .
5.5.4.
Trng thi gii hn cng
5.5.4.1.
Tng qut
Trng thi gii hn cng dng kim ton cc mt cng v n nh .

Sc khng tnh ton l tch ca sc khng danh nh c xc nh theo qui nh
cc iu 5.6,5.7,5.8,5.9,5.10,5.13,v 5.14 tr khi cc trng thi gii hn khc c qui
nh c bit , vi h s sc khng c qui nh iu 5.5.4.2 .
5.5.4.2.
5.5.4.2.1.
H s sc khng
Thi cng theo phng php thng thng
H s sc khng ly nh sau :
Dng cho un v ko b tng ct thp :.......................................................0,90
Dng cho un v ko b tng ct thp ng sut trc:
Dng cho ct v xon : b tng t trng thng :..........................................0,90

b tng t trng thp:.............................................0,70
AASHTO cu ng b
1,00
Dng cho trng hp chu nn dc trc vi ct thp hoc

thp ging - tr qui nh iu 5.10.11.4.1b cho ng t vng 3
v 4 trng thi gii hn c bit :...............................................................0,75
Dng cho trng hp ta ca b tng: ........................................................0,70
Dng cho trng hp nn trong m hnh chng v ging: ............................0,70
Dng cho trng hp chu nn vng neo :

B tng t trng thng thng :.................................................................0,80
B tng t trng thp:0,65
Dng cho thp chu ko vng neo :........................................................1,00
i vi b phn chu nn un , gi tr c th tng tuyn tnh ti gi tr cho kt cu

chu un nh sc khng ti trng dc trc tnh ton , Pn gin t 0,10 fc'Ag ti 0.
i vi kt cu ng sut trc mt phn chu un vi ko hoc khng ko , gi tr c
th ly nh sau :
= 0.90 + 0.1( PPR )
(5.5.4.2.1-1)
Trong :
PPR =
Apa f py
Apa f py + Ag f y
(5.5.4.2.1-2)
PPR
APa =
Din tch ct thp khng ng sut trc (mm2).
Aphi =
Din tch ct thp ng sut trc (mm2).
fy
Gii hn chy ca ct thp (Mpa).
fpy =
T l ng sut trc mt phn .
Gii hn chy ca ct thp ng sut trc (Mpa).
H s sc khng khng p dng cho vic ko di ct thp ni chng nh qui nh trong

iu 5.11 .
5.5.4.2.2.
Xy dng theo phn on
Phi ly cc h s sc khng trng thi gii hn cng qui nh trong Bng 1 cho cc
iu kin c ch nh v theo iu 5.5.4.2.1 cho cc iu kin khng nu trong
bng 1 .
Trong trng hp la chn cc h s sc khng un ,u ct v xon V v ct trong cc
mi ni kh l c xc nh theo cc qui nh ca iu 5.8.5 th phi xt n c hai
yu t : Loi khe ni gia cc phn on v dnh bm ca h thng ko sau . i vi
b thp c xem l dnh bm hon ton mt mt ct , cn phi trin khai y
b thp ti mt ct vi mt chiu di trin khai khng t hn tr s qui nh trong
iu 5.11.4 C th cho php dng chiu di chn ngm ngn hn , nu c chng
minh bng th nghim theo kch thc thc t v c k s chp thun
AASHTO cu ng b

Nu ct thp cng sau l mt t hp ca ct thp dnh bm hon ton v b thp
khng dnh bm mt phn ,th h s dnh bm bt no cng phi da trn iu
kin dnh bm i vi cc b thp cung cp phn ng lc trc ti mt ct ny .
Cc mi ni b tng ti ch v cc mi ni b tng t v poxy gia cc mi ni c
sn phi coi l mi ni loi A.
Phi xt cc mi ni kh thuc cc mi ni loi B.
Bng 5.5.4.2.2-1 H s sc khng i vi cc mi ni khi xy dng theo phn on
fv un
yct
l mi ni
0,95
0,90
--
0,85
0,85
0,75
0,70
Cc b thp dnh bm hon ton

Mi ni loi A
Cc b thp khng dnh bm
hoc dnh bm mt phn
Mi ni loi A
0,90
Mi ni loi B
0,85
B tng ct t trng thp

Cc b thp dnh bm hon ton
Mi ni loi A
AASHTO cu ng b
0,90

Cc b thp khng dnh bm
hoc dnh bm mt phn
Mi ni loi A
0,85
0,65
Mi ni loi B
0,80
0,65
0,60
Cc yu cu c bit cho vng ng t 3
5.5.4.2.3.
i vi kt cu ct trong vng ng t 3 dng h s sc khng trit gim nh qui nh

trong iu 5.10.11.4.1b.
5.5.4.3 n nh
Ton b kt cu cng nh tng b phn ca n phi c thit k chng trt , lt
nh v cong on .Tc ng ca ti trng lch tm phi c xem xt trong phn tch
v thit k
Phi c kim ton s cong on ca cc cu kin c sn trong qu trnh xp kho ,
vn chuyn v lp rp
5.5.4.2.3 Trng thi gii hn c bit
Tng th kt cu cng nh cu kin ca n phi c cu to tng xng chng xp
do cc tc ng c bit nh nu trong Bng 3.4.1-1, ng thi phi ph hp vi
iu kin a phng v iu kin s dng
5.6.
5.6.1.
Cc nghin cu thit k
Tng qut
Cc cu kin v mi ni phi c thit k chu cc t hp ti trng nh qui nh

Phn 3 tt c cc giai on trong thi gian tn ti ca cu k c trong qu trnh xy
dng . Cc h s ti trng phi theo qui nh trong Phn 3 .
Nh qui nh phn 4 , s cn bng v s tng ng ng bin phi c duy tr trong
qu trnh phn tch .
5.6.2.
Hiu ng ca bin dng cng bc
Hiu ng ca bin dng cng bc

Hiu ng ca bin dng cng bc do co ngt ,thay i nhit , t bin , ng lc trc
v chuyn v gi ch c xem xt .
5.6.3.
M hnh chng-v-ging
5.6.3.1.
Tng qut
Khi kim ton cc trng thi gii hn cng v c bit c th dng m hnh chng v
ging xc nh ni lc cc im gn gi v cc im c t lc tp trung .
AASHTO cu ng b

M hnh chng-v-ging cn c xem xt khi thit k cc mng dy v b cc
hoc cc trng hp khc m khong cch gia tim ca cc im t lc v cc phn lc
gi nh hn khong hai ln b dy ca cu kin .
Nu m hnh chng-v-ging c p dng cho vic tnh ton kt cu th phi p dng
cc iu t 5.6.3.2 n 5.6.3.6.
5.6.3.2.
M hnh ho kt cu
Mt kt cu v cu kin hay mt vng kt cu c th c m hnh ho nh mt t hp

ca cc ging thp chu ko v cc thanh chng b tng chu nn ni vi nhau li ti cc
nt to thnh mt kt cu gin c kh nng chu c tt c cc lc t vo truyn
ti cc gi , b dy yu cu ca cc thanh chu nn v chu ko s c xem xt khi xc
nh yu t hnh hc ca gin .
Sc khng tnh ton Pr ca cc thanh chu ko v nn s c coi nh cc cu kin chu
lc dc trc :
Pr =Pn
(5.6.3.2-1)
Trong :
Pn =
Cng danh nh ca thanh chng nn hoc ging ko (N)
=
H s sc khng cho trng hp chu ko hoc nn qui nh trong iu
5.5.4.2 ni ph hp
5.6.3.3.
5.6.3.3.1.
nh kch thc ca thanh chng chu nn

Cng ca thanh chu nn khng ct thp
Sc khnh danh nh ca thanh chu nn khng ct thp ly nh sau :

Pn = fcu Acu
(5.6.3.3.1-1)
Trong :
Pn =
Sc khnh danh nh ca thanh chu nn(n)
fcu =
ng sut chu nn gii hn nh qui nh trong iu 5.6.3.3.2(mm2)
5.6.3.3.2. Din tch mt ct ngang c hiu ca thanh chu nn .

Gi tr Acs phi c xc nh vi s xem xt c hai kh nng l din tch b tng v
iu kin u thanh chng nh bi th trong Hnh 1.
Khi u thanh chng c neo bng ct thp th phm vi b tng c hiu c th m
rng thm mt khong bng 6 ln ng knh ct thp tnh t thanh ct thp neo nh
biu th hnh 1(a)
a) Thanh chng bng neo ct thp
AASHTO cu ng b
b) Thanh chng c neo bng gi v
c) Thanh chng c
ct thp
neo bng gi v thanh chng
Hnh5.6.3.3.2-1 nh hng ca iu kin neo n din tch mt ct ngang c

hiu ca thanh chng
5.6.3.3.3. ng sut nn gii hn trong thanh chng ng sut chu nn

gii hn fcu phi ly nh sau:
f c'
f cu =
0,85 f c'
0,8 + 170 1
(5.6.3.3.3-1)
trong :
1 = (s +0.002 ) cot g 2 s
(5.6.3.3.3-2)
y :
s =
Gc nh nht gia thanh chu nn v thanh chu nn lin k ()
Bin dng ko trong b tng ca ging chu ko (mm/mm)
f'c
Cng chu nn qui nh (Mpa)
5.6.3.3.4. 5 Thanh chng c ct thp

Nu thanh nn c ct thp b tr song song vi trc thanh v c cu to chu
nn ti gii hn chy th sc khng danh nh ca thanh nn c tnh nh sau :
Pn = fcuACB + fyAsg
(5.6.3.34-1)
Trong :
Asg
din tch mt ct ct thp trong thanh chng
AASHTO cu ng b
5.6.3.4.
nh kch thc thanh ging chu ko

Cng ca thanh ging
5.6.3.4.1.
Ct thp ko phi c neo vo vng nt vi chiu di neo qui nh bi nhng mc neo

hoc cc neo c hc . Lc ko phi c pht trin mt trong ca vng nt .
Sc khng danh nh ca thanh ging chu ko phi c ly bng :
Pn=fyAst + Aps[fpe + fy]
(5.6.3.4.1-1)
y :
Ast
Tng din tch ca ct thp dc thng trong thanh ging (mm2)
Aps
Din tch thp ng sut trc (mm2)
fy
Cng chy ca ct thp dc thng (Mpa)
fphi
=
mt (Mpa)
ng sut trong thp ng sut trc do to ng sut trc , xt mt
5.6.3.4.2. Neo thanh ging

Ct thp ca thanh ging chu ko phi c neo truyn lc ko ca n n vng
nt ca gin ph hp vi cc yu cu pht trin ca ct thp nh qui nh iu 5.11.
5.6.3.5.
nh kch thc vng nt
Tr khi c b tr ct thp ai v tc dng ca n c chng minh qua tnh ton thc

nghim , ng sut nn trong b tng vng nn khng c vt qu tr s sau :
i vng nt bao bi thanh chu nn v mt gi :
i vng nt neo thanh chu ko cng mt hng :
i vng nt neo thanh chu ko nhiu hng :
0,85 f'c
0,75 f'c
0,65 f'c
trong :
=H s sc khng chu lc p ta trn b tng nh qui nh iu 5.5.4.2.
Ct thp ca thanh chu ko phi c b tr u trn ton b din tch c hiu ca

b tng t nht bng lc ca thanh chu ko chia cho ng sut gii hn c qui nh
y.
Ngoi vic tho mn cc tiu chun cng chu lc cho thanh chu ko v nn , vng
nt phi dc thit k theo ng sut v gii hn ca vng neo qui nh cc iu
5.6.3.4.1 v 5.6.3.4.2
ng sut p ta trn vng nt pht sinh do lc tp trung hay phn lc phi tho mn cc
iu kin qui nh trong iu 5.7.5
5.6.3.6.
Ct thp khng ch nt
Cc kt cu v cu kin hoc cc vng cc b ca n ,tr phn bn v mng , c

thit k theo cc qui nh ca iu 5.6.3 phi c mt mng li thp trc giao gn b
mt ca n .Khong cch gia cc thanh thp khng c vt qu 300mm
AASHTO cu ng b

T l din tch ct thp so vi din tch mt ct nguyn ca b tng khng c nh
0,003 theo mi chiu
Ct thp khng ch nt b tr vng thanh chu ko c th c coi nh mt phn ct
thp ca thanh chu ko .
5.7.
5.7.1.
Thit k kt cu chu un v chu lc dc trc

Cc gi thuyt cho trng thi gii hn s dng v mi
Cc gi thuyt sau y c th dng thit k kt cu b tng ct thp b tng ct

thp ng sut trc ,b tng ng sut trc mt phn :
B tng ng sut trc chu ko cc mt ct m khng nt ,tr trng hp qui nh
iu 5.76.
ng bin trong b tng thay i tuyn tnh ,tr cc cu kin v cc vng m

cng chu lc thng thng ca vt liu khng thch hp .
T l m un n hi n c lm trn n s nguyn
T l m un n hi khng nh hn 6 v
i vi tnh ti v lc cng ng sut trc , t l m un n hi c hiu ly bng

2n
5.7.2.
Cc gi thuyt cho trng thi gii hn cng v trng thi gii hn c
bit
5.7.2.1.
Tng qut
Sc khng tnh ton ca cc cu kin b tng phi da trn cc iu kin cn bng v

tng thch v bin dng , ly cc h s sc khng theo qui nh ca iu 5.5.4.2 v
cc gi thuyt sau :
i vi cc cu kin c ct thp hoc thp ng sut trc dnh bm hon ton

hoc trong chiu di dnh bm ca cc tao thp ng sut trc mt dnh bm
cc b hoc c bc th ng bin t l thun vi khong cch tnh t trc trung
ho ,tr cc cu kin c th chiu cao ln tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 5.13.2
v trong cc vng khng bnh thng khc .
i vi cc cu kin c cc b tao cp ng sut trc khng dnh bm hon ton

hay khng dnh bm mt phn ngha l cc tao thp trong ng bc hay mt
dnh bm , s chnh lch v ng bin gia b thp v mt ct b tng cng
nh nh hng ca vng i vi yu t hnh hc ca b thp phi da vo tnh
ton ng sut trong b thp .
Nu b tng khng b kim ch , ng bin dng c ln nht th chu nn

ngoi cng khng c ln qu 0,003.
Nu b tng khng b kim ch, ng bin dng c ln nht vt qu 0,003 c th

dng nu c s chng minh .
Ngoi tr m hnh chng v ging ,ng sut trong ct thp phi da trn ng
cong ng sut - ng bin i din ca thp hay mt gi tr ton hc c chp
AASHTO cu ng b

nhn , bao gm s khai trin ca cc ct thp hay ng sut tr c v vic truyn
ng sut trc .
B qua sc khng ko ca b tng
Ga thuyt biu ng sut -ng bin ca b tng -chu nn l hnh ch

nht ,parabn hay bt c hnh dng no khc u phi dn n s d tnh v
sc khng vt liu ph v c bn vi cc kt qu th nghim .
Phi xt n s trin khai ca cc ct thp ,v ng sut trc v vic truyn

ng sut trc .
Phi nghin cu cc gii hn b xung v ng bin nn cc tr ca b tng trong cc cu

kin chu nn mt ct ch nht rng theo qui nh ca iu 5.7.4.7.
5.7.2.2.
Phn b ng sut theo hnh ch nht
Quan h t nhin gia ng sut b tng chu nn v ng bin c th coi nh mt khi

hnh ch nht tng ng bng 0,85f'c phn b trn mt gii hn bi mt ngoi cng
chu nn ca mt ct v ng thng song song vi trc trung ho cch th chu nn
ngoi cng mt khong cch a = 1c . khong cch c phi tnh vung gc vi trc trung
ho .H s 1ly bng 0,85 i vi b tng c cng khng ln hn 28 Mpa .Vi b tng
c cng ln hn 28 Mpa , h s 1 gim theo t l 0,05 cho tng 7 Mpa vt qu 28
Mpa , nhng khng nh hn tr s 0,65 .
Phi nghin cu cc gii hn b sung khi s dng khi ng sut ch nht i vi cc cu
kin chu nn mt ct ch nht rng ttheo qui nh ca iu 5.7.4.7.
5.7.3.
Cu kin chu un
5.7.3.1.
nh
5.7.3.1.1.
ng sut trong thp ng sut trc mc sc khng danh

Cc cu kin c thp ng sut trc dnh bm
i vi mt ct hnh ch nht v hnh T chu un quanh mt trc ,c ng sut phn

b nh qui nh iu 5.7.2.2 v f pe ng sut trung bnh trong thp ng sut trong f phi
c th ly nh sau :
f ps = f pu (1 k
c
)
dp
(5.7.3.1.1-1)
trong :
k = 2(1.04
f py
f pu
AASHTO cu ng b
(5.7.3.1.1-2)

Vi mt ct hnh ch T
Aps f pu + As f y Ac' f ' y 0.851 f c' ( b bw ) h f

c=
f
0.85 f c' 1bw + kAps pu
dp
(5.7.3.1.1-3)
`
Vi mt ct hnh ch nht:
Aps f pu + As f y Ac' f ' y
c=
f
0.85 f c' 1bw + kAps pu
dp
(5.7.3.1.1-4)
trong :
Din tch mt ct thp ng sut trc (mm2)
Atm
fpu =
Cng chu ko qui nh ca thp ng sut trc (Mpa)
fpy =
Gii hn chy ca thp ng sut trc (Mpa)
As =
Din tch ct thp thng chu ko (mm2)
As' =
Din tch ct thp thng chu nn (mm2)
fy =
Gii hn chy ca ct thp chu ko (Mpa)
f'y =
Gii hn chy ca ct thp chu nn (Mpa)
b =
Chiu rng ca cnh chu nn (mm)
bw =
Chiu rng ca bn bng (mm)
ht =
chiu dy ca bn cnh chu nn (mm)
dp = Khong cch t th ngoi cng chu nn n trng tm cc b thp ng sut trc

(mm)
c =
Khong cch t trung ho n mt chu nn (mm)
1 =
H s qui i hnh khi ng sut qui nh iu 5.7.2.2
phi kho st mc ng sut trong ct thp chu nn v nu c ct thp khng t gii

hn chy th ng sut thc t phi dng thay cho f y, trong phng trnh 3.
5.7.3.1.2.
Cc cu kin c thp ng sut trc khng dnh bm
i vi mt ct hnh ch nht v mt ct hnh ch T chu un quanh mt trc hoc

hai trc cng vi lc dc trc nh qui nh iu 5.7.4.5 , khi s phn b ng sut gn
ng nh qui nh iu 5.7.2.2 c p dng th ng sut trung bnh trong thp ng
sut trc khng dnh bm c xc nh nh sau
AASHTO cu ng b

d p c
f ps = f pc + 6300
le
f py
(5.7.3.1.2-1)
Vi
2l1
le =
2 + Ns
(5.7.3.1.2-2)
i vi mt ct hnh ch T:
c=
Aps f ps + As f y Ac' f ' y 0.85 1 f c' ( b bw ) h f
(5.7.3.1.2-3)
0.85 f c' 1bw
i vi mt ct hnh ch nht
c=
Aps f ps + As f y Ac' f y'
(5.7.3.1.2-4)
0.85 f c' 1bw
trong :
c = Khong cch t th ngoi cng chu nn n trc trung ho vi gi thuyt thp
ng sut trc ca tao thp b chy c cho trong phng trnh 3 v 4 i vi trng thi
lm vic ca mt ct ch T v trng thi lm vic mt ct ch nht (mm)
le =
Chiu di b tao thp c hiu (mm)
lI =
Chiu di b tao thp gia cc no (mm)
Ns = S lng cc gi khp m cc b thp i qua nm gia cc im neo hay cc im

c dnh kt ring bit
fpy =
Sc khng chy do ca thp ng sut trc (Mpa)
fphi
=
Sc khng c hiu trong thp ng sut trc mt ct ang xt sau khi
tnh mi mt mt (Mpa)
Mc ng sut trong thp chu nn phi c xem xt , nu ng sut ca ct thp
chu nn khng t gii hn chy th phi dng tr s ng sut thc t theo ph ng
trnh 3 thay cho gi tr fy'.
AASHTO cu ng b
5.7.3.2.
Sc khng un
5.7.3.2.1. Sc khng tnh ton

Sc khng tnh ton phi ly nh sau :
Mr = Mn
(5.7.3.2.1-1)
Trong
Mn =
Sc khng danh nh (N.mm)
H s sc khng qui nh iu 5.5.4.2
5.7.3.2.2.
5.7.3.2.3. Mt ct hnh T
Vi mt ct hnh T chu un quanh mt trc hoc hai trc cng vi lc nn dc trc
nh qui nh iu 5.7.4.5 v s phn b ng sut ly gn ng nh qui nh iu
5.7.2.2 ,vi b ng sut trc c dnh bm , v khi chiu dy cnh chu nn nh hn c ,
xc nh theo phng trnh 5.7.3.1.1-3 sc khng un danh nh ca mt ct c th
xc nh nh sau :
a
a
a
a h
M n = a ps f ps d p + As f y d s A ' s f ' y d s' + 0.85 f c' (b bw ) 1 hr r

2
2
2
2 2
(5.7.3.2.2.1)
trong :
Aps
Din tch thp ng sut trc (mm2)
fps = ng sut trung bnh trong thp ng sut trc sc khng un danh nh ,tnh
theo phng trnh 5.7.3.1-1(Mpa)
dp = khong cch t th nn ngoi cng n trng tm ct thp chu ko khng ng
sut trc (mm)
As =
Din tch ct thp chu ko khng ng sut trc (mm2)
fy =
Gii hn chy qui nh ca ct thp (Mpa).
ds = Khong cch ti trng t th nn ngoi cng n trng tm ct thp chu ko

khng ng sut trc (mm)
A's =
Din tch ct thp chu nn (mm2)
f'y =
Gii hn chy qui nh ca ct thp chu nn (Mpa).
d'p =
Khong cch t th ngoi cng chu nn n trng tm ct thp chu nn (mm)
f'c =
Cng chu nn qui nh ca b tng tui 28 ngy (Mpa)
b =
B rng ca mt chu nn ca cu kin (mm)
AASHTO cu ng b

bw =
Chiu dy ca bn bng hoc mt ct trn (mm)
1 =
H s chuyn i biu ng sut qui nh trong iu 5.7.2.2
h1 =
Chiu dy cnh chu nn ca cu kin dm I hoc T(mm)
a =
c1 ; chiu dy ca khi ng sut tng ng (mm)
5.7.3.2.4.
Mt ct hnh ch nht
i vi mt ct hnh ch nht chu un mt trc v hai trc vi lc dc trc nh qui

nh iu 5.7.4.5 , khi cng nhn s phn b ng sut gn ng nh qui nh
iu 5.7.2.2 v chiu dy cnh chu nn khng c nh hn i lng c xc nh theo
phng trnh 5.7.3.1.1-3 th sc khng un danh nh M n c th xc nh theo cc phng trnh t 5.7.3.1.1-1n 5.7.3.2.2-1 trong bw phi ly bng b
5.7.3.2.5.
Cc dng mt ct khc
Vi cc loi mt ct khng phi l mt ct ch T hay mt ct thc cht l hnh ch

nht c trc thng ng i xng hoc mt ct chu un hai trc khng c lc dc
trc th sc khng un tnh ton M n c xc nh bng gi thuyt qui nh iu
5.7.3.2. ng thi phi p dng cc yu cu ca iu 5.7.3.3.
5.7.3.3.
5.7.3.3.1.
Cc gii hn ct thp
Lng thp ti a
Lng thp ng sut trc v khng ng sut ti a phi c gii hn sao cho:
c
0.42
d0
(5.7.3.3.1-1)
trong :
do =
Aps f ps d p + As f y d s
Aps f ps + As f y
(5.7.3.3.1-2)
y :
c =
Khong cch t th nn ngoi cng n trc trung ho (mm)
do = Khong cch c hiu tng ng t th chu nn ngoi cng n trng tm ko

ca ct thp chu ko (mm)
AASHTO cu ng b

Nu phng trnh 1 khng tho mn ,mt ct s b coi l qu nhiu thp . mt ct c
qu nhiu thp c th dng trong cu kin ng sut trc hay ng sut trc mt phn
ch khi phn tch v thc nghim c th chng t c th thc hin c y
do ca kt cu . Khng cho php cc mt ct b tng ct thp qu nhiu thp . Vi
mc ch ca iu qui nh , cc cu kin s c coi l b tng ct thp nu t l
ng sut trc hay ng sut trc mt phn nh qui nh trong iu 5.5.4.2.1 nh hn
50%.
Lng ct thp ti thiu
5.7.3.3.2.
Tr khi c cc qui nh khc ,cn bt k mt ct no chu un , lng ct thp thng

v ct thp ng sut trc phi pht trin sc khng tnh ton M n t bng mt
trong hai gi tr sau y , ly gi tr nh hn:
1.2 ln sc khng nt c xc nh trn c s n hi v ng sut chu ko

un , fr ca b tng c trong iu 5.4.2.6, hoc
1,33ln m men qun tnh cn thit di t hp ti trng - cng thch hp

trong bng 3.4.1.1
Phi p dng cc qui nh ca iu 5.10.8.

i vi cc cu kin khng thp ng sut trc th lng ct thp qui nh y c th
coi l tho mn nu :
f c'
0,03
fy
Pmin
(5.7.3.31-2)
trong :
Pmin
T l gia thp chu ko v din tch nguyn
fc =
Sc khng b tng qui nh (Mpa)
fy =
Sc khng chy do ca ct thp chu ko (Mpa) '
i vi cc dm T c bng dm chu ko , vic xc nh t l ct thp thc t so

snh vi yu cu th Phng trnh 1 , phi cn c vo chiu rng ca bng dm .
5.7.3.4.
Khng ch nt bng phn b ct thp
Cc qui nh y c p dng cho tt c ct thp ca cc cu kin b tng ct thp

tr bn mt cu c thit k theo iu 9.7.2, trong s ko ca mt ct ngang vt qu 80% cng chu ko un nh qui nh iu 5.4.6.2 t hp ti trng trng
thi gii hn s dng c p dng qui nh Bng 3.4.1-1
Cc cu kin phi c cu to sao cho ng sut ko trong ct thp trng thi gii hn
s dng fsa khng c vt qu
f sa =
Z
0,6 f y
( d c A)1 / 3
AASHTO cu ng b
(5.7.3.4-1)

trong :
dc = chiu cao phn b tng tnh t th ngoi cng chu ko cho n tm ca thanh
hay si t gn nht ; nhm mc ch tnh ton phi ly chiu dy tnh ca lp b
tng bo v dc khng ln hn 50 mm .
z =
Thng s b rng vt nt (N/mm).
Ngoi tr i vi cng hp b tng ct thp c ti ch qui nh di y,i lng Z trong

phng trnh 1 khng c ly vt qu 30000 N/mm i vi cc cu kin trong mi trng
thng thng ,23000 N/mm i vi cc cu kin trong mi trng khc nghit v 17500
i vi cu kin vi trong t. i lng Z khng c ly vt qu 23000 khi thit k theo
phng ngang i vi dm hp b tng phn on khi chu ti trng bt k trc khi t ti
ton b sc khng danh nh ca b tng .
i vi cng hp b tng ct thp c ti ch , i lng Z trong Phng trnh khng c vt
qu :
Z =
27500
(5.7.3.4-1)
trong :
= 1 + c
0.47 d
(5.7.3.4-2)
vi
d =
Khong cch t mt ct chu nn n trng tm ca ct thp chu ko (mm)
Thp ng sut trc dnh bm c th c tnh vo tr s A1 trong trng hp ny s tng

ng sut trc dnh bm vt qu trng thi gim nn c tnh trn c s mt ct b nt
hoc phn tch s tng ng bin dng khng c vt qu gi tr fsa xc nh t phng
trnh 1
cc v tr bn cnh ca dm b tng ct thp mt ct T hoc hp chu ko ,
trng thi gii hn s dng ,ct thp chu ko khi un phi b tr phn b trn mt phm
vi ly theo tr s nh hn sau y :
B rng c hiu ca cnh nh qui nh iu 4.6.2.6 hoc
Mt chiu rng bng 1/10 chiu di trung bnh ca cc nhp ln cn .
Nu b rng cnh c hiu ln 1/10 th phi b tr ct thp dc b sung phn ngoi
ca bn cnh vi din tch khng nh hn 0.4% din tch ca bn nh ra .
Nu chiu dy c hiu dc ca cc cu kin b tng ct thp hoc cu kin b tng
ng sut trc mt phn ln hn 900mm th phi b tr ct thp dc v phn b u c
hai mt ca cu kin trong mt khong d/2 gn ct thp chu ko un ln nht .
AASHTO cu ng b

Din tch ca ct thp v Ask tnh bng mm2/mm theo chiu cao trn mi mt khng
nh hn :
A + Aps
Ash 0,001 d o 760 s

1200
(5.7.3.4-4)
trong d :
Din tch ca thp ng sut trc (mm2)
Aps
As =
ds =
Tay n ly bng khong cch t mt ct chu nn n trng tm thp (mm)
C ly gia cc ct thp ca li thp v khng vt qu d/6 hoc 300mm.

Cc ct thp ny c th tnh vo chu lc nu thc hin phn tch t ng ng bin
dng xc nh ng sut trong tng thanh ring bit .
5.7.3.5.
S phn b li m men
Thay cho cc tnh ton chnh xc hn khi m ct thp dnh bm tho mn qui nh ca
iu 5.11 i hi i v cc gi gia ca dm b tng ct thp lin tc ,v khi t l
c/dn khng vt qu gi tr 0.28, cc gi tr m men m xc nh theo l thuyt n hi
trng thi gii hn cng c th tng hay gim mt lng phn trm khng vt qu tr s
sau :
c
2O
1 2,36 d
e
(5.7.3.5.1)
Gi tr m men m phi c iu chnh theo s thay i ca m men dng gi

c trng thi cn bng ca cc lc tc dng
5.7.3.6.
5.7.3.6.1.
Cc bin dng
Tng qut
Cc qui nh ca iu 2.5.2.6 phi c xem xt cc khe co gin phi ph hp vi cc

bin i kch thc gy ra bi ti trng , t bin, co ngt ,thay i nhit , ln tr ,
v lc ng sut trc .
5.7.3.6.2.
vng v vng
Khi tnh ton vng v vng phi xem xt tnh ti hot ti ,ng lc trc ti trng
lp rp , t bin v co ngt ca b tng v do ct thp
Phi p dng cc qui nh ca cc iu 4.5.2.1;4.5.2.2 v 5.9.5.5 xc nh
vng v vng .
Khi khng c cc phn tch ton din hn c th tnh vng tc thi dng cc tr s
m un n hi ca b tng qui nh iu 5.4.2.4 v dng m men qun tnh vi gi
tr nguyn Io hoc theo m men qun tnh c hiu Ie theo phng trnh 1:
AASHTO cu ng b

M
I e = cr
Me
I g + 1 cr
Mn
I cr I g
(5.7.3.6.2.1)
vi
M cr = f r
Ig
(5.7.3
Y1
.6.2.1)
trong :
Mcr
M men nt (N.mm)
fr =
Cng chu ko un nh qui nh iu 5.4.2.6(Mpa)
y1 =
Khong cch t trc trung ho n th chu ko ngoi cng (mm)
Mg =
M men ln nht trong cu kin giai on ang tnh bin dng (N.m)
i vi cu kin dng lng tr , m men qun tnh c hiu ly theo kt qu tnh ca phng trnh 1 gia nhp dm n gin hoc lin tc v gi ca dm hng . i vi cu
kin lin tc khng c dng lng tr th m men qun tnh c hiu ly gi tr trung bnh
ca cc gi tr tnh theo phng trnh 1 cc mt ct m men dng v m gii hn .
Nu khng tnh c chnh xc hn th vng lu di c th ly gi tr vng tc
thi nhn vi h s sau y :
Nu vng tc thi tnh theo gi tr Ig : 4,0
Nu vng tc thi tnh theo gi tr Io : 3,0 -1,2 (A's/As)1,6
y
As' =
Din tch ct thp chu nn (mm2)
As =
Din tch ct thp khng ng lc chu ko (mm2)
Trong ti liu hp ng phi ghi r yu cu . phi tin hnh tnh ton vng ca cc
cu xy dng theo phn on phi tnh ton trc khi b tng phn on , da trn
k hoch d kin v lp rp v b tng , v chng phi c s dng nh l mt ch
dn kim tra cc o c v vng thc
5.7.3.6.3. Bin dng dc trc

Cc bin dng co ngn hoc dn di tc thi do nhit phi c xc nh theo cc
iu 3.12.2 , 3.12.3 v 5.4.2.2.
Bin dng co ngn do co ngt v t bin phi c xc nh nh qui nh iu 5.4.2.3
5.7.4.
Cc cu kin chu nn
5.7.4.1.
Tng qut
Tr khi c cho php khc i , cc cu kin chu nn phi c tnh ton vi s xt n

cc hiu ng ca cc yu t sau :
AASHTO cu ng b
Lch tm
Cc ti trng dc trc
S thay i m men qun tnh
Mc ngm u
vng
Thi gian t ti trng
D ng lc
Thay cho phng php chnh xc , cc ct khng d ng lc c t l mnh K u/r < 100
c th thit k theo phng php gn ng nh qui nh iu 5.7.4.3.
Trong :
K =
H s di nh qui nh iu 4.6.2.5.
Chiu di khng c thanh ging (mm)
r =
Bn knh qun tnh (mm)
Cc qui nh ca iu ny phi c b xung v chnh l cho cc kt cu trong vng

ng t 2,3v 4 nh qui nh iu 5.10.11.
Cc qui nh y nhm truyn cc hiu ng lc t cc cu kin chu nn c
iu chnh vi s pht sinh m men th cp ti cc cu kin ln cn .
ni no lin kt ni vi cu kin ln cn bng cht b tng th ct thp dc phi b
tr vo gia tim trong phm vi cht gim thiu sc khng un v ct thp phi ko
di v hai pha ca cht
5.7.4.2.
Gii hn ct thp
Cc gii hn b xung v ct thp cho cu kin chu nn trong vng ng t 3 v 4

phi c xt n nh qui nh trong iu 5.10.11.4.1a.
Din tch ct thp ng sut trc v ct thp thng theo chiu dc ca cc cu kin
chu nn khng lin hp nhiu nht nh sau:
Aps f pu
As
+
0,08
Ag
Ag f y
(5.7.4.2-1)
v
Aps f pe
Ag f
'
c
0,30
AASHTO cu ng b
(5.7.4.2-2)

Din tch thp ng sut trc v thp thng theo chiu dc ca cc cu kin chu
nn khng lin hp ti thiu l nh sau :
As f y
Ag f
'
g
Aps f pu
Ag f
'
c
0,135
(5.7.4.2-3)
trong :
As =
Ag =
Din tch mt ct nguyn (mm2)
Aps
fpu =
Cng chu ko qui nh ca thp ng sut trc (Mpa)
f'c =
Cng chu nn qui nh ca b tng (Mpa)
fy =
Gii hn chy ca thp thng (Mpa)
fpe =
ng sut trc c hiu (Mpa)
Din tch mt ct thp ng sut trc (mm2)
S lng thanh ct thp dc ti thiu c ct trn l 6 , trong ct hnh ch nht l 4 , kch

thc thanh ti thiu l No15.
i vi cu trong vng ng t 1 ,din tch ti thiu ca ct thp dc c th xt cho
yu cu ca mt ct b tng chit gim c hiu , nhng sao cho c hai mt ct ton
b v mt ct trit gim c hiu u c kh nng chu lc tnh ton v din tch
ct thp khng nh hn 0,7% din tch mt ct nguyn ca ct .
5.7.4.3.
nh ga gn ng v hiu ng mnh
i vi cc cu kin khng c ging lin kt , hiu ng mnh c th b qua khi m

t s mnh Ku/r nh hn 22.
i vi kt cu c ging chng bn , hiu ng mnh c th b qua khi K u/r nh hn
34-12 (M1/M2) trong M1 , M2 l m men u nh v ln v thnh phn M 1/M2 l dng vi ng cong un n .
Cc phng php tnh gn ng sau c th dng thit k cc cu kin chu nn
khng ng sut trc . Vi Ku/r nh hn 100:
Thit k da trn ti trng tnh ton P u xc nh theo tnh ton n hi v m

men tnh ton phng i (tng thm ) Mc nh qui nh trong iu 5.3.5.2.2b
Chiu di chng u ca b phn chu nn ly bng khong cch tnh gia cc

b phn c th to ra s chng ngang cho b phn chu nn . Khi c to vt
nch mi ni th chiu di khng chng c tnh t pha ngoi ca vt
trong mt phng xem xt
Bn knh qun tnh r c tnh cho mt ct nguyn .
i vi cc b phn c cc thanh ging , h s chiu di c hiu K l bng 1,0

tr khi c chng minh trong tnh ton l tr s nh hn c th dng
AASHTO cu ng b
i vi cc b phn khng c cc thanh ging ,K c xc nh vi s xem xt hiu

qu ca nt v ct thp n cng tng i v khng ly nh hn 1,0
Thay cho vic tnh chnh xc hn, gi tr EI dng x nh P o nh qui nh trong phng trnh 5.4.3.2.2.b-5 phi ly gi tr ln hn ca :
Ec I g
EI =
+ Es I s
5
1 + d
(5.7.4.3-1)
Ec I g
(5.7.4.3-2)
EI = 2.5
1 + d
Trong :
Ec =
Ig =
M un n hi ca b tng (Mpa)
M men qun tnh mt ct nguyn ca b tng xung quanh trc chnh (mm 4)
Es =
M un n hi ca thp dc (Mpa).
Is =
M men qun tnh ca ct thp dc xung quanh trc chnh (mm 4)
d = T l gia m men tnh ton ln nht do ti trng thng xuyn vi m men tnh
ton do ton b ti trng , tr s lun lun dng .
i vi cu kin chu ng sut trc lch tm phi xem xt n hiu ng vng
ngang do lc cng ng sut trc xc nh m men tng thm .
5.7.4.4.
Cng chu lc dc trc tnh ton
Cng chu lc tnh ton ca cu kin b tng ct thp chu nn i xng qua trc
chnh cn phi xc nh nh sau :
Pr = Pn
(5.7.4.4-1)
Trong :
i vi cu kin c ct thp xon :
Pn = 0,85[0,85f'c(Ag-Ast) + fyAst]
(5.7.4.4-2)
i vi cu kin c ct thp ai :
Pn = 0,8[0,85f'c(Ag-Ast) + fyAst]
(5.7.4.4-3)
y :
Pr =
Cng chu lc dc trc tnh ton c hoc khng c un(N)
Pn =
Cng chu lc dc trc danh nh c hoc khng c un(N)
AASHTO cu ng b

'
fc =
Cng qui nh ca b tng tui 28 ngy tr khi c qui nh cc tui khc
Ag =
Din tch nguyn ca mt ct (mm2)
Ast =
Gii hn chy qui nh ca ct thp (Mpa)
H s sc khng qui nh iu 5.5.4.2
5.7.4.5.
Un hai chiu
Thay cho vic tnh da trn c s cn bng v tng thch bin dng cho trng hp un
hai chiu, cc kt cu khng trn chu un hai chiu v chu nn c th tnh theo
biu thc gn ng sau :
Nu lc tnh ton dc trc khng nh hn 0.1fc'Ag :
1
1
1
1
=
+
Prxy
Prx Pry
po
(5.7.4.5-1)
trong
Po = 0,85f'c(Ag-Ast) + fyAst
(5.7.4.5-2)
Nu ti trng tnh ton dc trc nh hn 0.1fc'Ag :

M ux M uy
+
1,0
M rx M rx
(5.7.4.5-3)
y :
=
H s sc khng i vi cu kin chu nn chu nn dc trc
Prxy
Pry =
(N)
Sc khng dc trc tnh ton ch xc nh trn c s ch tn ti lch tm e x
Prx =
(N)
Sc khng dc trc tnh ton ch xc nh trn c s ch tn ti lch tm e y
Pu =
Lc dc trc tnh ton (N)
Mux
M men tnh ton tc dng theo trc X(N.mm)
Muy
M men tnh ton tc dng theo trc Y(N.mm)
Sc khng dc trc tnh ton khi un theo hai phng (N)
AASHTO cu ng b

ex = lch tm ca lc dc trc tnh ton tc dng theo hng trc X ngha l bng
Muy/Pu(mm)
ey = lch tm ca lc dc trc tnh ton tc dng theo hng trc X ngha l bng
Mux/Pu(mm)
Sc khng dc trc tnh ton Prxv Pry khng c ly ln hn tch s ca h s sc
khng v sc khng nn danh nh ln nht theo cc phng trnh 5.7.4.4-2 hoc
5.7.4.4-3.
5.7.4.6.
Thp ai xon v thp ai
Din tch thp ai xon v thp ai trong kt cu cu trong vng ng t 2,3

hoc 4 phi tun theo cc qui nh trong iu 5.10.11.
Khi ct thp ai xon v ct thp ai khng ph thuc vo cc yu cu :
Chng ng t
Lc ct hoc xon nh qui nh trong iu 5.8 hoc
Cc yu cu ti thiu nh i hi trong iu 5.10.6.
T l ca ct thp xon vi ton b khi lng ca li b tng tnh t mp ngoi n

mp ngoi ca ct ai xon khng c nh hn :
A
f'
s = 0,45 g 1 c
A
f yh
(5.7.4.6-1)
trong
Ag = Din tch mt ct nguyn ca b tng (mm2)
Ac =
Din tch ca li b tng tnh t mt ct ngoi ca ct ai xon(mm 2)
f'c = Cng qui ca b tng tui 28 ngy ,tr khi c cc qui nh khc v tui
(Mpa)
fyh =
Gii hn chy qui nh ca ct thp ai xon (Mpa)
Cc chi tit khc ca ct ai xon v ai phi tun theo cc qui nh ca iu 5.10.6

v 5.10.11
5.7.4.7.
rng
5.7.4.7.1.
Cc cu kin chu nn c tit din hnh ch nht

T s mnh ca vch
T s mnh ca vch ca mt tit din ngang hnh ch nht rng phi c tnh
theo cng thc :
Trong :
AASHTO cu ng b
Xu
t
Xu = Chiu di tnh ca mt on chiu khng i ca vch hoc cc ng mp

tng cng gia cc vch khc hoc cc ng knh mp tng cng gia cc vch (mm)
=
T s mnh ca cch i vi ct rng .
T s mnh ca ln hn 35 ch c dng khi c cc ti liu tnh ton v thc

nghim chng minh cho s lm vic v sc chu ca vch l chp nhn c i vi
ch u t

nht .
5.7.4.7.2a Tng qut
Tr trng hp ch nh trong iu 5.7.4.7.2c phng php khi ng sut ch nht tng ng khng c s dng cho vic thit k cc cu kin nn c tit din hnh
ch nht rng vi t s mnh ca vch 15 .
Trong trng hp t s mnh nh hn 15 , phng php khi ng sut ch nht c th
c s dng cn c vo ng bin nn l 0,003.
5.7.4.7.2b Phng php chnh xc hiu chnh gii hn ng bin ti a

c php s dng
Trong trng hp t s mnh ca vch bng 15 hoc ln hn , ng bin ti a c
php s dng th ngoi cngchu nn ca b tng ly bng tr s nh hn ca ng
bin do on cc b tnh c ca cnh rng nht ca tit din ngang hoc 0.0003
ng bin do on cc b ca cnh rng nht c th c tnh ton bng cc gi thuyt l
bn cnh c n gin c bn cnh xung quanh . Thuc tnh phi tuyn ca vt
liu phi c xem xt kt hp c mun tip tuyn ca vt liu b tng v ct thp
trong tnh ton ng bin do on cc b
Trong tnh ton cng ca cu kin phi b qua ct thp gin on , khng c cng
sau trong cc cu kin chu nn c tit din ch nht rng th thi cng tng on .
i vi ct chu un th phi tnh ton theo cc nguyn tc trong iu 5.7.3 p dng
cng vi ng cong ng sut - ng bin cho trc i vi loi vt liu c s dng
5.7.4.7.2c Phng php gn ng hiu chnh sc khng tnh ton

Cc qui nh iu ny v phng php khi ng sut ch nht c th c s dng
thay nh qui nh cc iu 5.7.4.7.2a v 5.7.4.7.2b phi c trit gim theo h s w
nh sau
Nu w 15 th w = 1.0
(5.7.4.7.2c-1)
Nu 15 < w 25 th w= 1-0.025(w -15)
Nu 25 < w 35 th w=0.75
(5.7.4.7.2c-2)
(5.7.4.7.2c-3)
AASHTO cu ng b
5.7.4.8.
Khi khng c ct thp ai trong b tng ca cc b sc khng p tnh ton ly nh

sau :
Pr = Pn
(5.7.5-1)
Trong :
Pn = 0.85fc'A1m
(5.7.5-2)
y:
Pn =
Sc khng danh nh (N)
A1 =
Din tch bin di g (mm2)
m =
H s iu chnh
A2 =
Din tch gi nh c nh ngha y (mm2)
H s iu chnh c th c xc nh nh sau :
m=
Khi mt ta tt c cc pha din tch chu ti :

(5.7.5-3)
A2
2,0
A1
Khi din tch chu ti chu s phn b khng u ca ng sut ta :
m = 0.75
A2
1,50
A1
(5.7.5-4)
Khi mt ta c ct thp dc hoc to bc , A 2 c th ly nh din tch y ln nht

ca hnh chp ct , hnh nn , hoc hnh nm c bc nm ton b trong vng v
mt trn ca n l vng chu ti , c dc mt bn l 1:2 .
Khi ti trng tnh ton vt qu sc khng tnh ton , nh qui nh y , cc qui nh
phi c thc hin chu lc x v v ph hp vi iu 5.10.9
5.7.5.
Cc cu kin chu ko
5.7.5.1.
Sc khng ko tnh ton
Cc cu kin m lc tnh ton gy ra ng sut ko trn ton b mt ct phi c coi

l cu kin chu ko v ga thuyt rng lc ko l do ch thp chu . Phi p dng
qui nh ca iu 5.11.5.4
Sc khng chu ko ng u c xc nh nh sau :
AASHTO cu ng b

Pr = Pn
(5.7.6.1-1)
y :
Pn =
Sc khng ko danh nh qui nh trong iu 5.6.3.4
H s sc khng qui nh trong iu 5.5.4.2.
5.7.5.2.
Sc khng khi ko un kt hp
Cc cu kin chu ko lch tm to ra c ng lc ko v nn trong mt ct phi c

thit k theo cc qui nh ca iu 5.7.2
5.8.
5.8.1.
Ct v xon
Phng php thit k
5.8.1.1.
Cc vng chu un
Cc vng ca mt cu kin c th ph hp vi ga thuyt tit din vn phng sau khi

t ti phi c thit k chu lc ct v xon hoc l theo m hnh mt ct thng
thng theo qui nh ca iu 5.8.3. Cc qui nh ca 5.8.2 phi c p dng .
Cc cu kin m trong khong cch t im mt ct bng khng n mt gi
nh hn 2d hoc l cc cu kin trong cc ti trng gy ra ln hn 1/2 lc ct ca
gi gn hn 2d tnh t mt gi th c th coi chng l loi dm cao theo qui nh
ca iu 5.6.3 v p dng cc yu cu cu to ca iu 5.13.2.3?
5.8.1.2.
Cc vng gn v tr thay i kch thc t ngt
Ti cc vng m ga thuyt tit din phng ca l thuyt un khng thch hp th

thit k chng v xon v phi dng m hnh chng v ging nh qui nh trong iu
5.6.3 . Phi p dng cc qui nh ca iu 5.13.2.
5.8.1.3.
Cc vng tip gip
Cc vng tip gip gia cc b phn phi c thit k truyn lc ct theo qui nh
ca iu 5.8.4
5.8.1.4.
Cc loi bn v mng
Cc vng dng bn phi c thit k chu lc ct ph hp vi cc qui nh ca iu

5.13.3.6 hoc iu 5.6.3.
5.8.2.
Cc yu cu chung
5.8.2.1.
Tng qut
Sc khng xon tnh ton Tr phi c xc nh nh sau :

Tr = Tn
(5.8.2.1-1)
y:
Tn =
Sc khng xon danh nh qui nh trong iu 5.8.3.6(N.mm)
AASHTO cu ng b

=
H s sc khng qui nh trong iu 5.5.4.2
Sc khng ct tnh ton Vr phi c xc nh nh sau :

Vr=Vn
(5.8.2.1-2)
Vn =
Sc khng ct danh nh nh qui nh trong iu 5.8.3.3(N)
Vi b tng c t trng thng thng hiu ng xon phi c xem xt khi :

Tu >0.25Tcr
(5.8.2.1-2)
Trong :
2
f pc
AcD
Tcr = 0,328 f
1+
Pc
0.328 f c'
'
c
(5.8.2.1-3)
y:
Tu =
M men xon tnh ton (N-m)
Tcr =
M men nt xon (N.m)
Acp
Pc =
Chiu di chu vi ngoi ca mt ct b tng (mm)
Ton b din tch bao bc bi chu vi ngoi
fpc = ng sut nn ttrong b tng sau khi cc tn tht ng sut xy ra hoc ca mt

ct chu cc ti trng nht thi hoc ch ni gia bng v cnh dm khi trng tm
nm cnh dm (Mpa)
=
5.8.2.2.
Hiu chnh i vi b tng nh
Khi dng b tng c ct liu nh vic xc nh sc khng xon v ct phi p dng cc

hiu chnh nh sau :
phn
Khi cng trung bnh chu ko ch ca b tng fcr c qui nh thnh

f c'
1,8 f ct
trong cc biu thc ca cc iu 5.8.2 v 5.8.3 phi c thay bng

f c'
Khi fct khng c qui nh ,thnh phn 0.75

thnh phn
0.85 f c' cho b tng ct nh phi thay cho

5.8.3 .
f c'
f c'
cho cc loi b tng nh v
trong cc biu thc cc iu 5.8.2 v
C th dng phng php ni suy tuyn tnh khi thay ct tng phn .
AASHTO cu ng b
5.8.2.3.
Chiu di truyn lc v pht trin lc
Xem xt cc qui nh ca iu 5.11.4
5.8.2.4.
Vng i hi ct thp ngang
Tr i vi bn , mng v cng ,ct thp ngang phi c t khi hoc :
Vu> 0.5( Vc+ Vp)
Hoc khi i hi xt n xon bi phng trnh 5.8.2.1-3.
(8.5.2.4-1)
Trong
Vu =
Lc ct tnh ton (N)
Vc =
Sc khng danh nh ca b tng (N)
Vp =
Thnh phn ng sut trc trong hng ca lc ct (N)
H s sc khng qui nh iu 5.5.4.2.
5.8.2.5.
Ct thp ngang ti thiu
ni yu cu cu c ct thp ngang nh qui nh trong iu 5.8.2.4 din tch ct

thp khng c t hn
= 0,83
f c'
by S
(5.8.2.5-1)
fy
y :
Av =
Din tch ct thp ngang trong c ly s (mm2)
bv = Chiu rng bng c xc nh t ng bc nh qui nh trong iu

5.8.2.7(mm)
s =
C ly gia cc ct thp ngang (mm)
fy =
Gii hn chy qui nh ca ct thp ngang (Mpa)
5.8.2.6.
Cc loi ct thp ngang
Ct thp ngang c th bao gm :
Ct ai hp thnh mt gc khng nh hn 45 0 vi ct thp dc chu ko
Tm li si thp hn vi cc dy t vung gc vi trc cu kin , min l cc si

ngang c m bo vt qu mt on ti thiu 4% , c o trn mt tm ai t
nht 100mm bao gm t nht mt si ngang, hoc
B thp ng sut c neo gi , cu to v lp t gim thiu cc mt mt

p ta theo thi gian , chng c dt mt gc khng nh hn 45 0 so vi ct thp
dc chu ko
Ct thp chu xon phi bao gm ngang v dc .ct thp ngang phi l cc ct ai
kn vung gc vi trc dc ca cu kin .
AASHTO cu ng b
5.8.2.7.
C ly ti a ca ct thp ngang
C ly ct thp ngang khng c vt qu tr s sau
Nu Vu <0.1f'cbvdv th
s 0.8dv 600mm
(5.8.2.7-1)
Nu Vu 0.1f'cbvdv th
s 0.4dv 300 mm
(5.8.2.7-2)
y :
bv = B rng bng c hiu c ly bng b rng bng nh nht trong phm vi chiu
cao dv , c iu chnh bi s c mt ca ng bc khi thch hp .
dv = Chiu cao chu ct c hiu c ly bng c ly c o thng gc vi trc trung
ho gia hp lc ko v nn do un , nhng khng cn ly t hn ca 0.9d o hoc
0.72h(mm)
s =
C ly ct thp ngang (mm)
Khi xc nh bv mt cao c th b rng bng phi tr bt mt ng knh ng bc

khng p va hoc mt mt n ng knh ng bc p va cao .
5.8.2.8.
Cc yu cu thit k v cu to
Ct thp ngang phi ngang phi c neo hai u ph hp vi cc qui nh ca iu

5.11.2.6.
i vi cc cu kin lin hp chu un , c th xt n vic ko da ct thp chu ct
ca dm vo trong bn mt cu nu xc nh c s khai trin v neo tho mn cc
qui nh ca iu 5.11.2.6
Gii hn chy thit k ca ct thp ngang khng d ng lc khng vt qu 420 Mpa . Gii
hn chy thit k ca ct thp ngang ng sut trc phi c ly bng ng sut c hiu
sau khi tnh mi mt mt ng sut cng thm 420Mpa , nhng khng t hn fpy . Cc
cu kin chu nn un xin v /hoc chu ko un c chiu cao thay i phi c
xem xt khi tnh ton sc khng ct .
5.8.3.
M hnh thit k theo mt ct
5.8.3.1.
Tng qut
C th p dng m hnh thit k theo mt ct trong thit k chng ct khi c php

ph hp vi cc qui nh iu 5.8.1 .
Thay cho cc phng php qui nh y ,c th xc nh sc khng ca cc cu kin
chu ct hoc chu ct kt hp vi xon sao cho tho mn cc iu kin cn bng
v tng thch v bin dng v bng cch s dng quan h ng sut -ng bin c
kim nghim bng th nghim i ct thp v b tng chu nt cho .
AASHTO cu ng b

Nu xem xt kh nng chng ct ng thi theo hng th hai c m bo , th phi
nghin cu trn c s hoc da trn cc nguyn l nu trn hoc theo m hnh chng v
ging trn khng gian ba chiu .
5.8.3.2.
Cc mt ct cnh gi
Phi xem xt cc qui nh ca iu 5.8.1.2.khi phn lc trn ng hng lc ct tc

dng ln lc nn u vng cu kin ,v tr mt ct nguy him do ct phi ly ln
hn 0.5dvcotg hoc dv tnh t mt trong ca gi
Vi cc dm ko sau ct thp vng neo phi c lm nh qui nh trong iu 5.10.9 . i
vi dm ko trc phi lm mt lng thp b cc u tao thp nh qui nh trong iu
5.10.10 . Vi cc dm khng ng sut trc ta trn cc gi truyn lc nn ln cu kin
ch cn t dt t ct thp ngang gia mp ca bn hoc b u dm .
5.8.3.3.
Sc khng ct danh nh
Sc khng ct danh nh phi c xc nh bng tr s nh hn ca

Vn = V c + V s + V p
(5.8.3.3-1)
Vn = 0.25f'cbvdv + Vp (5.8.3.3-2)
Trong :
Vc=0.083
Vs =
f c'
bvdv
Av f y d v (cot g + cot g ) sin
(5.8.3.3-3)
(5.8.3.3-4)
y :
bv = B rng bng c hiu ly bng b rng bng nh nht trong chiu cao d v c
xc nh trong iu 5.8.2.7(mm)
dv =
Chiu cao chu ct c hiu c xc nh trong iu 5.8.2.7 (mm)
S =
C ly ct thp ai (mm)
= H s ch kh nng ca b tng b nt cho truyn lc ko c qui nh trong

iu 5.8.3.4
AASHTO cu ng b

=
Gc nghing ca ng sut nn cho c xc nh trong iu 5.8.3.4(mm)
Gc nghing ca ct thp ngang i vi trc dc ()
Av =
Din tch ct thp chu ct trong c ly S (mm2)
Vp = Thnh phn lc ng sut trc c hiu trn hng lc ct tc dng l dng nu ngc
chiu vi lc ct (N)
5.8.3.4.
Xc nh v

i vi cc mt ct b tng khng ng sut trc khng chu ko dc trc v c t nht
mt lng ct lng ngang ti thiu qui nh trong iu 5.8.2.5, hoc khi c tng chiu
cao thp hn 400mm , c th dng cc gi tr sau y :
= 2.0
= 45o
5.8.3.4.2. Phng php chung .

i vi cc mt ct c ct thp ngang v gi tr v phi ly theo trong qui nh
trong Hnh 1 v Bng 1 ,vi mt ct khng c ct thp ngang ly theo qui nh Hnh
2 v Bng 2 .
Khi dng nhng bng hoc hnh ny :
v=
ng sut ct trong b tng phi xc nh theo:
Vu V p
bv d o
(5.8.3.4.2-1)
ng bin trong ct thp pha chu ko do un ca cu kin phi xc nh

theo :
Mu
+ 0,5 N u + 0,5Vu cot g Aps f pg
dv
x =
0.002
Es As + E p Aps
(5.8.3.4.2-2)
Nu gi tr x tnh t Phng trnh 5.8.3.4.2-1 l m th gi tr tuyt i ca n phi

c gim i bng nhn vi h s Fe ly theo :
AASHTO cu ng b

Fe =
Es As + E p Aps
(5.8.3.4.2-3)
Ec Ac + Es As + E p Aps
Trong
=
H s sc khng ct trong iu 5.5.4.2
Ac = Din tch b tng pha chu ko un ca c kin nh ch ra trong hnh 3

(mm2)
Aps
=
Din tch thp ng sut trc trong pha chu ko un ca cu kin nh
trong hnh 3, tr i thiu s pht trin y mt ct c nghin cu (mm2)
Nu =
Lc dc trc tnh ton , ly dng nu chu nn (N)
Vu =
Lc ct tnh ton (N)
As = Din tch ct thp khng ng sut trc trong pha chu ko un ca cu kin
nh trong hnh 3 , tr i s thiu pht trin y cc mt ct c nghin cu (mm2)
Mu =
M men qun tnh (N-mm)
fpe = ng sut trong thp ng sut trc khi ng sut trong b tng xung quanh bng
0,0 (Mpa)
Pha chu ko un ca cu kin cn ly bng mt na chiu cao c cha vng ko
un nh c ch ra trong hnh 3 .
Thng s c ly vt nt s x dng trong Hnh 2 v Bng 2 phi ly bng tr s nh hn
ca hoc dv hoc c ly ti a gia cc lp ca ct thp khng ch nt dc . Din tch
ct thp trong mi lp khng c t hn 0,003bwsx.
Table5.8.3.4.2.-1 Values of and for Section with Transverse Reinforcement

x x 1000
AASHTO cu ng b

v
f c'
<=0.05
0.075
0.1
0.125
0.15
0.175
0.2
0.225
0.25
-0.2
-0.1
0.15
0.125
0.25 0.5
0.75 1
1.5
27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0
28.5 29.0 33.0 36.0 41.0 43.0
6.78 6.17 5.63 4.88 3.99
3.49 2.51 2.37 2.23 1.95 1.72
27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0
27.5 30.0 33.5 36.0 40.0 42.0
6.78 6.17 5.63 4.88 3.65
3.01 2.47 2.33 2.16 1.90 1.65
23.5 23.5 23.5 23.5 24.0
26.5 30.5 34.0 36.0 38.0 39.0
6.50 5.87 5.31 3.26 2.61
2.54 2.41 2.28 2.09 1.72 1.45
20.0 21.0 22.0 23.5 26.0
28.0 31.5 34.0 36.0 37.0 38.0
2.71 2.71 2.71 2.60 2.57
2.50 2.37 2.61 2.01 1.60 1.35
22.0 22.5 23.5 25.0 27.0
29.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 36.5 37.0
2.66 2.61 2.61 2.55 2.50
2.45 2.48 2.06 1.93 1.50 1.24
23.5 24.0 25.0 26.5 28.0
30.0 32.5 34.0 35.0 35.5 36.0
2.59 2.58 2.54 2.50 2.41
2.39 2.20 1.95 1.74 1.35 1.11
25.0 25.5 26.5 27.5 29.0
31.0 33.0 34.0 34.5 35.0 38.0
2.55 2.49 2.48 2.45 2.37
2.33 2.10 1.82 1.58 1.21 1.00
26.5 27.0 27.5 29.0 30.5
32.0 33.0 34.0 34.5 36.5 39.0
2.45 2.44 2.43 2.37 2.33
2.27 1.92 1.67 1.43 1.18 1.14
28.0 28.5 29.0 30.0 31.1
32.0 33.0 34.0 35.5 38.5 41.5
2.36 2.36 2.3
2.01 1.64 1.52 1.40 1.30 1.25
2.30 2.28
Bng 5.8.3.4.2-1 Cc gi tr ca v i vi cc mt ct c ct thpngang

v
f c'
x x 1000
-0.2
-0.1
0.15
0.12
5
0.25 0.5
0.75 1
1.5
<=0.0
5
27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0
28.5 29.0 33.0 36.0 41.0 43.0
6.78 6.17 5.63 4.88 3.99
3.49 2.51 2.37 2.23 1.95 1.72
0.075
27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0
27.5 30.0 33.5 36.0 40.0 42.0
6.78 6.17 5.63 4.88 3.65
3.01 2.47 2.33 2.16 1.90 1.65
AASHTO cu ng b

0.1
0.125
0.15
0.175
0.2
0.225
0.25
23.5 23.5 23.5 23.5 24.0
26.5 30.5 34.0 36.0 38.0 39.0
6.50 5.87 5.31 3.26 2.61
2.54 2.41 2.28 2.09 1.72 1.45
20.0 21.0 22.0 23.5 26.0
28.0 31.5 34.0 36.0 37.0 38.0
2.71 2.71 2.71 2.60 2.57
2.50 2.37 2.18 2.01 1.60 1.35
12.0 22.5 23.5 25.0 27.0
29.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 36.5 37.0
2.66 2.61 2.61 2.55 2.50
2.45 2.28 2.06 1.93 1.50 1.24
23.5 24.0 25.0 26.5 28.0
30.0 32.5 34.0 36.0 35.5 36.0
2.59 2.58 2.54 2.50 2.41
2.39 2.20 1.95 1.74 1.21 1.00
25.0 25.5 26.5 27.5 29.0
31.0 33.0 64.0 34.5 35.5 36.0
2.55 2.49 2.48 2.45 2.37
2.33 2.10 1.82 1.58 1.21 1.00
26.5 27.0 27.5 29.0 30.5
32.0 33.0 34.0 34.5 36.5 39.0
2.45 2.38 2.43 2.37 2.33
2.27 1.92 1.67 1.43 1.18 1.14
28.0 28.5 29.0 30.0 31.0
32.0 33.0 34.0 35.5 38.5 41.5
2.36 2.32 2.36 2.30 2.28
2.01 1.64 1.52 1.40 1.30 1.25
Bng 5.8.3.4.2-2 Cc gi tr ca v i vi cc mt ct khng c ct thp ngang

v
f c'
x x 1000
-0.2
-0.1
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.5
<=13
0
26.0
26.0
27.0
39.0
31.0
33.0
34.0
36.0
38.0
6.90
5.70
4.94
3.78
3.19
2.82
2.56
2.19
1.93
250
27.0
28.0
30.0
34.0
37.0
39.0
40.0
43.0
45.0
6.77
5.53
4.65
3.45
2.83
2.46
2.19
1.87
1.65
27.0
30.0
32.0
37.0
10.0
43.0
45.0
48.0
50.0
6.57
5.42
4.47
3.21
2.59
2.23
1.98
1.65
1.45
28.0
31.0
35.0
41.0
45.0
48.0
51.0
54.0
57.0
6.24
5.36
4.19
2.85
2.26
1.92
1.69
1.40
1.18
31.0
33.0
38.0
48.0
53.0
57.0
59.0
63.0
66.0
5.62
5.24
3.83
2.39
1.82
1.50
1.27
1.00
0.83
35.0
35.0
42.0
55.0
62.0
66.0
69.0
72.0
75.0
4.78
4.78
3.47
1.88
1.35
1.06
0.87
0.65
0.52
42.0
42.0
47.0
64.0
71.0
74.0
77.0
80.0
82.0
3.83
3.83
3.11
1.39
0.90
0.66
0.53
0.37
0.28
380
630
1270
2500
5000
AASHTO cu ng b
5.8.3.5.
Ct thp dc
Vi nhng mt ct khng chu xon ct thp dc phi c thit k sao cho Phng
trnh 1 c tho mn mi mt ct .
M
N V
As f y + Aps f ps u + 0,5 u + u 0,5Vs V p cot g

d v
(5.8.3.5-1)
trong :
Aps
=
Din tch thp ng sut trc trong pha chu ko un ca cu kin nh
trong Hnh 5.8.3.4.2-3 tr i thiu s pht trin y mt ct nghin cu (mm 2) .
= Cc h s sc khng ly t iu 5.5.4.2 ph hp vi m men , lc ct v sc
khng dc trc .
Nu phn lc hoc ti trng ch m men max gy nn nn trc tip ln mt ct
chu nn un ca cu kin , th din tch ct thp dc trong pha chu ko un
ca cu kin khng c vt qu din tch yu cu chu mt m hnh m men
max.
Ct thp dc trong pha chu ko un ca cu kin phi chu c mt lc ko (Vu/ 0,5Vs - Vp)cotg mp bn trong ca vng ta cc b ta cc b cui gin
n .
5.8.3.6.
Cc mt ct chu ct v xon v kt hp
5.8.3.6.1. Ct thp ngang

Ct thp ngang khng c t hn tng ct thp ngang yu cu do ct qui nh trong
iu 5.8.3.3 v cho chu xon ng thi qui nh trong cc iu 5.8.2.1 v 5.8.3.6.2 .
5.8.3.6.2. Sc khng xon

Sc khng xon danh nh phi c ly bng :
Tn =
2 Ao A1 f y cot g
s
(5.8.3.6.2-1)
y :
Ao
=
2
(mm )
At =
Din tch bao bi dng ct , bao gm din tch l trong nu c
Din tch ca mt nhnh ct thp ngang khi kn chu xon (mm 2)
= Gc ca vt nt c xc nh ph hp vi qui nh ca iu 5.8.3.4 v cc sa
i ca biu thc Vv Vu y (0)
i vi mt ct xon kt hp ,x phi c xc nh bng phng trnh 5.8.3.4.2-2 vi Vn
thay bng
AASHTO cu ng b
0.9 PhTu
Vu = V +
2 Ao
2
u
(5.8.3.6.2-3)
Gc phi qui nh nh trong Bng 5.8.3.4.2-1 hoc Bng 5.8.3.4.2.2 ph hp vi ng

sut ct V ly bng :
v=
i vi mt ct hp :
Vu V p
Tu Ph
2
AOh
(5.8.3.6.2-4)
i vi mt ct khc :
Vu V p
v =
2
A0 h
Tu p h
+
2
fA0 h
(5.8.3.6.2-5)
Trong :
Ph =
Chu vi theo tim ca ct thp chu xon ngang kn (mm)
AOh
=
Din tch c bao bi tim ct thp chu xon ngang kn pha ngoi ,
bao gm din tch cc l nu c (mm2)
Tu =
M men xon tnh ton (N.mm)
5.8.3.6.3. Ct thp dc
Phi p dng cc qui nh ca iu 5.8.3.5 nh c sa i y bao gm xon
.
Ct thp dc phi c t tho mn phng trnh 1:
Vu
0,45 phTu
0,5Vs V p +
2 A0
As f y + Aps f ps
M
0.5 N u
u +
+ cot g
d v
5.8.4.
Truyn lc mt ct tip xc - ma st ct
5.8.4.1.
(5.8.3.6.3-1)
Tng qut
Vic truyn lc ct tip xc phi c xt n qua mt mt phng c cho :
Mt giao din gia cc vt liu khc nhau .
Hoc mt giao din gia hai khi b tng c thi gian khc nhau .
Mt vt nt hin hu hoc tim tng
AASHTO cu ng b

Sc khng danh nh ca mt ct tip xc phi c ly bng :
Vn = cAcv + [Avffy+Pc]
(5.8.4.1-1)
Sc khng danh nh dng trong thit k khng c vt qu :

Vn 0,2fc'Acv hoc
(5.8.4.1-2)
Vn 5,5Acv
(5.8.4.1-3)
y :
Vn =
Sc khng danh nh (N)
Acv =
Din tch b tng tham gia truyn lc ct (mm2)
Avf =
Cng chy ca ct thp (Mpa)
H s dnh kt qui nh trong iu 5.8.4.2
H s ma st qui nh trong iu 5.8.4.2
Pc =
Lc nn tnh thng thng gc vi mt phng ct nu lc l ct
Pc =
0,0(N)
fc'
Cng nn 28 ngy qui nh ca b tng yu hn (Mpa).
Ct thp chu ct tip xc gia cc b tng ca bn v ca dm hoc dm t hp c

th bao gm cc thanh thp n , cc ct thp ai c nhiu nhnh hoc cc nhnh
ng ca tm li si thp hn .din tch mt ct ngang A fv ca ct thp khng c
nh hn hoc s yu cu ca phng trnh hoc :
s
Avf 0,35bv f
y
(5.8.4.1-4)
y :
bv =
Chiu rng mt tip xc (mm)
Vi dm v dm t hp c ly yu cu ct thp ti thiu ca A vf c th b qua nu

Vn/Acv nh hn 0,7 Mpa gia cc hng ct thp khng c vt qu 600mm.
Lc ko tnh qua mt phng ct nu tn ti phi c chu bi ct thp b xung vo
s yu cu do ct .
Ct thp chu ma st ct phi c neo pht trin cng chy qui nh c hai
pha ca mt phng ct bng chn su vo , lm mc hoc hn .
Cc thanh thp phi c neo c vo dm hoc dm t hp v bn .
5.8.4.2.
Dnh kt v ma st
Cc tr s sau y phi c dng cho h s dnh kt c v h s ma st :
i vi b tng lin khi :

c = 1,0 Mpa
= 1,4
AASHTO cu ng b
i vi b tng lp ln b tng sch , cng vi b mt c to nhm 6mm

c = 0,7 Mpa
= 0,6
i vi b tng lp ln sch , cng v khng c va xi mng , nhng khng c to

nhm .
c = 0,52 Mpa
= 0,6
i vi b tng c neo v thp cn kt cu bng nh neo c u hoc cc

thanh ct thp m ton b phn thp tip xc vi b tng l sch v khng sn
c = 0,17 Mpa
= 0,7
Phi ly cc tr s sau y :
Vi b tng t trng thng
Vi b tng ct t trng thp
0,85
Vi cc b tng t trng thp khc
0,75
1,0
C th dng ni suy cho trong trng hp thay ct mt phn .
5.8.5.
Sc khng ct trc tip ca mi ni kh
i vi cc kt cu s dng mi ni kh , sc khng danh nh ca mi ni xc nh

nh sau :
VNj = Ak
f c' (1 + 0,205 f pc ) +0,6 Asm f pc
(5.8.5-1)
Trong :
Ak =
Din tch chn ca tt c cc cht trong mt phng ph hoi (mm 2)
f'c =
Sc khng nn ca b tng (Mpa)
fpc = ng sut nn trong b tng sau mi mt mt ng sut trc v c xc nh

trng tm tit din ngang (Mpa)
Asm
Din tch tip xc gia cc mt nhn trn mt phng ph hoi (mm 2).
Trong vic xc nh sc khng tnh ton ca mi ni kh phi c p dng h s sc

khng c qui nh trong Bng 5.5.4.2.2-1 i vi lc ct trong mi ni loi B
5.9.
5.9.1.
ng sut trc v ng sut trc mt phn

Xem xt thit k chung
5.9.1.1.
Tng qut
Cc qui nh ch ra y phi c p dng cho cc b phn kt cu b tng c tng

cng bi bt k t hp no ca thp ng sut trc v ct thp thng thng cng lm
AASHTO cu ng b

vic chu cc hiu ng lc chung . Cc cu kin b tng ng sut trc v b tng
ng sut mt phn phi c thit k cho c cc lc ng sut ban u v sau cng .
Chng phi tho mn cc yu cu trng thi gii hn s dng , mi , cng v c
bit nh qui nh trong iu 5.5 v ph vi cc ga thuyt qui nh trong cc iu 5.6 ,
5.7 v 5.8
Cc b thp ng sut trc v khng ng sut hoc cc thanh ct thp c th c dng
t hp vi cc b thp ng sut , min l chng cho thy s lm vic ca kt cu tho
mn mi trng thi gii hn v cc yu cu ca cc iu 5.4 v 5.6.
Cc ng sut nn cho cho php qui nh trong iu 5.9.4 phi c dng di bt k t
hp s dng ti trng no dng trong Bng 3.4.1-1 , tr t hp ti trng s dng III khng
c dng kho st chu nn .
Cc ng sut ko cho php qui nh trong iu 5.9.4 phi c dng vi bt k t hp
ti trng s dng no dng c trong Bng 3.4.1.1 . T hp ti trng s dng III phi p
dng khi kho st chu ko di hot ti .
5.9.1.2.
5.9.1.3.
Cng b tng qui nh
Cc cng qui nh fc' v fci' phi c qui nh trong h s hp ng cho mi cu

kin . Cc gii hn ng sut lin quan ti cc cng qui nh phi nh qui nh trong
iu 5.9.4.
Cng b tng khi chuyn phi cho cc yu cu ca cc b neo hoc vic truyn
qua lin kt cng cc yu cu v vng hoc vng .
5.9.1.4.
on
on ca cc b phn gia cc im m b tng v cc b thp tip xc vi nhau

, on trong vn chuyn v lp rp v on ca cc bn bng v cnh mng phi
c kho st.
5.9.1.5.
Cc c trng mt ct
i vi cc c trng mt ct trc khi c lin kt ca cc b thp ko sau , cc tc ng

do mt din tch do cc ng bc h phi xt n .
i vi c hai b phn ko trc v ko sau sau khi cc b thp lin kt th cc c trng
mt ct c th da trn mt ct tng hoc mt ct tnh i .
5.9.1.6.
Kim tra vt nt
ni ng sut cho php , nt di ti trng s dng phi kho st v chiu rng vt nt,
mi ca ct thp v cc xem xt v gh ph hp vi cc qui nh ca cc iu 5.5 ,5.6
v 5.7 .
5.9.1.7.
Cc b thp vi cc im gy hoc cong
Phi p dng cc qui nh ca iu 5.4.6 v ng cong ca ng bc .
AASHTO cu ng b

Phi p dng cc qui nh ca iu 5.10.4 kho st s tp trung ng sut do nhng
i hng ca b thp ng sut trc .
i vi cc b thp tri trong cc ng bc chng khng thng v danh ngha ,phi xt
s khc bit gia trng tm ca b v trng tm ca ng khi xc nh lch tm
5.9.2.
ng sut do bin dng cng bc
Cc hiu ng ln cc phn t lin k ca kt cu ca cc bin dng n hi vo phi

n hi do ng sut trc phi c nghin cu . Cc lc kim ch sinh ra trong cc phn
t kt cu lin k c th c gim i do cc tc ng t bin .
Trong cc khung lin khi hiu ng lc trong cc ct v tr do ng sut tr c kt cu
phn trn c th da trn ngn n hi ban u .
i cc khung lin khi thng thng , bt k s tng no v cc m men ct co ngn
t bin di hn ca kt cu phn trn ng sut trc u c coi l b li bi s chng
ng thi ca cc m men bin dng trong ct do t bin trong b tng ct .
Gim cc lc kim ch trong nhng b phn khc ca kt cu gy ra bi ng sut trc
trong mt b phn c th ly bng :
Vi cc bin dng gy ra mt cch t ngt

F' = F(1-e(t.ti)), hoc
(5.9.2-1)
Vi cc bin dng gy ra mt cch chm chp

F' = F(1-e(t.ti)/ (t.ti)
(5.9.2-2)
Trong :
F =
Hiu ng lc c xc nh bng dng m un n hi ca b tng thi
im t ti (N).
F' =
Hiu ng lc trit gim (N)
y:
(t.t1)
= H s t bin thi im t i vi t ti thi im ti nh qui
nh trong iu 5.4.2.3.2
e =
C s lgarit t nhin (Napier)
5.9.3.
Cc gii hn ng sut cho cc b thp ng sut trc
ng sut b thp do ng sut trc , hoc trng thi gii hn s dng khng c vt qu
cc gi tr :
Qui nh Bng 1
Hoc theo kin ngh ca nh sn xut cc b thp v neo .
ng sut b thp cc trng thi gii hn cng v c bit khng c vt qu gii hn

cng ko cho trong bnh 5.4.4.1-1.
AASHTO cu ng b

Bng5.9.3-1 Cc gii hn ng sut cho cc b thp ng sut trc
Loi b thp
Tao thp c
kh ng sut d, Tao thp c
cc thanh cng do thp
cao trn
nhn
iu kin
Cc thanh c
g cng
cao
Cng trc
Ngay trc
truyn
(fpt+foes)
khi 0,70fpu
lc
trng thi gii

hn s dng sau
khi tnh ton 0,80fpy
b mt mt(fpe)
0,75fpu
0,80 fpy
0,80 fpy
0,90 fpy
0,90 fpy
Cng sau
Trc khi m
neo c th dng
fs ngn hn
0,90 fpy
Ti cc neo v
cc b ni cp 0,70 f
pu
ngay sau b neo
(fpl+pES+fphi)
cui vng mt
mt tm m 0,70
neo ngay sau b
neo
(fpl+pES+fphi)
trng thi gii
hn s dng sau 0,80 fpy
ton b mt mt
AASHTO cu ng b
0,70
fpu 0,70 fpu
fpu 0,74 fpu
0,70 fpu
0,80 fpy
0,80 fpy
5.9.4.
Cc gii hn ng sut i vi b tng
5.9.4.1.
i vi cc ng sut tm thi trc cc mt mt - cc cu
kin ng sut trc hon ton
5.9.4.1.1.
ng sut nn
Gii hn ng sut nn i vi cc cu kin b tng cng trc v cng sau,bao gm cc

cu xy dng theo phn on phi ly bng 0,60f cl'
5.9.4.1.2. ng sut ko
Phi p dng cc gii hn trong Bng 1 i vi cc ng sut ko . p dng iu ny
din tch bn ngoi ca vng ca vng chu ko do nn dc trc phi c xem xt theo
cc v tr nu di y trong hnh dng cui cng ca kt cu .
Vng chu nn ngha l t mt bn trn ca bn ti trc trung ho ca tit din

th ca b tng cch gi 70% nhp i vi cc nhp cui hoc cc nhp c
khp .
Vng chu ko ngha l t mt bn trn ca bn ti trc trung ho ca tit din

th ca b tng nm trong khong 60% phn gia ca cc nhp bn trong .
Vng chu nn ngha l t y ca bn ti trc trung ho ca tit din th ca

b tng trong khong 20% nhp k t cc tr v mi pha
Bng 5.9.4.1.2-1 Cc gii hn ng sut ko tm thi trong b tng ng sut trc mt mt ,

i vi cc cu kin ng sut trc hon ton
Loi cu
V tr
Khng
phi cc
cu c
xy dng
phn
on
*Trong cc vng ko ca cu kin b nn tr- Khng c

c khng c ct thp dnh kt
*Trong cc vng khc vi ccvng chu ko
'
ca cu kin b nn trc v khng c ct 0,25 f ci 0,38( Mpa )
thp
ph
dnh
kt
* Trong cc vng c ct thp dnh kt
chu 120% lc ko khi b tng b nt
0,58 f ci' ( Mpa )
c tnh ton trn c s mt tit din khng
nt .
* tnh ng sut cu lp trong cc cc d
ng lc
AASHTO cu ng b
Gii hn ng sut
0,415
f ci' ( Mpa )

ng sut dc thng qua cc mi ni trong
Cc cu vng ko ca cu kin chu nn trc .
c xy * Cc mi ni loi A vi lng ti thiu ct thp
ph c dnh kt chy qua mi ni lc komax(Mpa)
dng
chu lc ko tnh ton ng sut 0,5f sy vi
phn
cc b thp trong hoc ngoi .
on
*Cc mi ni loi A khng c lng ti thiu ct Khng cho ko
thp ph c dnh kt chy qua mi ni.
* Cc mi ni loi B vi b thp ngoi
0,7Mpalcnnmin
ng sut theo phng ngang qua cc mi ni
* i vi mi loi mi ni
0,25
f ci' ( Mpa)
ng sut trong cc khu vc khc

*i vi cc din tch khng c ct thp th- Khng cho ko
ng dnh kt
'
0,25
*Ct thp dnh kt chu lc ko

tnh ton trong b tng c tnh theo ga
thuyt tit din khng b nt vi ng sut
bng 0,5fsy
0,50
f ci ( Mpa)
f ci' ( Mpa )
5.9.4.2.
i vi cc ng sut trng thi gii hn s dng sau cc
mt mt cc cu kin ng sut trc hon ton
5.9.4.2.1. ng sut nn
Phi kho st nn vi t hp ti trng 1 ca trng thi gii hn s dng qui nh trong
Bng 3.4.1-1. Phi s dng cc gii hn nu trong Bng 1 .
H s trit gim w phi c ly bng 1 khi cc t s mnh ca bng v cnh tnh
theo iu 5.7.4.7.1 khng ln hn 15 . Nu bng v cnh c t s mnh ln hn 15
phi tnh theo h s trit gim w theo iu 5.7.4.7.2.
Bng 5.9.4.2.1-1 Gii hn ng sut nn ca b tng ng sut trc trng thi gii han s
dng sau mt mt cho cu kin ng sut trc hon ton
V tr
AASHTO cu ng b
Gii hn ng sut
i vi cc cu khng xy dng phn on v do 0,45fc(Mpa)

tng ca lc ng sut trc c hiu v cc ti
trng thng xuyn xy ra.
i vi cc cu xy dng phn on v do tng 0,45f (Mpa)

c
ca lc ng sut trc c hiu v cc ti trng thng xuyn xy ra.
i vi cc cu khng xy dng phn on v do

hot ti cng vi 1/2 tng ca lc ng sut c 0,40fc(Mpa)
hiu v cc ti trng thng xuyn xy ra
Do tng ca lc ng sut trc c hiu v cc ti

trng thng xuyn, cc ti trng nht thi, v ti 0,60fc(Mpa)
trng tc dng khi vn chuyn v bc xp
5.9.4.2.2.
ng sut ko
i vi s tham gia ca ti trng s dng bao hm ti trng xe , ng sut ko trong b

phn vi cc b thp ng sut trc c dnh kt hoc khng dnh kt phi c kho
st vi t hp ti trng s dng qui nh trong Bng 3.4.1-1 c xt ti cc ghi ch ca
n .
S dng cc gii hn trong bng 1
Bng 5.9.4.2.2-1 Gii hn ng sut ko trong b tng ng sut trc trng thi gii hn s
dng sau mt mt cho cc cu kin ng sut trc hon ton
Loi cu
V tr
Cc cu
khng
xy dng
phn
on
Lc ko trong min chu ko c nn trc

ca cc cu vi ga thuyt mt ct khng
b
nt
.
'
* i vi cc cu kin c cc b thp ng sut 0,50 f c ( Mpa)
trc hay ct thp c dnh kt trong iu
kin khng xu hn cc iu kin b n 0,25 f ' ( Mpa)
c
mn
thng
thng
.
*i vi cc cu kin c cc b thp ng sut
trc hay ct thp c dnh kt chu cc iu
kin
n
mn
nghim
trng
.
*i vi cc cu kin c cc b thp ng sut Khng cho ko
trc khng dnh kt
AASHTO cu ng b
Gii hn ng sut

Cc ng sut dc cc mi ni trong min
chu ko c nn trc .
*Cc mi ni loi A c lng ct thp ph dnh
Cc cu kt ti thiu chy qua cc mi ni chu lc
xy dng ko dc vi ng sut 0,5fy ; cc b thp trong.
phn
*Cc mi ni loi A c lng ct thp ph dnh
on
kt ti thiu chy qua cc mi ni
*Cc mi ni loi B; cc b thp ngoi
0,25
f c' ( Mpa )
Khng cho ko
Nn ti thiu 0,7
Mpa
ng sut ngang qua cc mi ni .

*Lc ko theo hng ngang trong vng chu
ko c nn trc
ng sut trong cc vng khc
*i vi cc vng khng c ct thp dnh kt
*C lng ct thp dnh kt chu c lc
ko trong b tng vi ga thuyt mt ct
khng b nt ti ng sut bng 0,5fsy
0,25
f c' ( Mpa )
Khng cho ko
0,5 f c' ( Mpa )
0,5 f c' ( Mpa )
p dng iu ny din tch nm ngoi vng chu ko dc c nn trc phi c

xc nh theo iu 5.9.4.1.2.
5.9.4.3.
Cc cu kin ng sut trc mt phn
Cc ng sut nn phi c gii hn nh qui nh trong cc iu 5.9.4.1 v 5.9.4.2 i vi

cc cu kin ng sut ton phn .
Nt trong vng chu ko c nn trc c th c php thit k cc b phn ng sut
trc mt phn phi da trn phn tch mt ct nt vi vic tho mn cc trng thi gii
hn s dng phi nh qui nh trong iu 5.7.3.4 , trong trng hp fsa phi c hiu l
thay i ng sut sau s mt nn .
5.9.5.
Mt mt ng sut trc
5.9.5.1.
Tng mt mt ng sut trc
Thay v phn tch chi tit hn , cc mt mt ng sut trc trong cc cu kin c xy

dng v to ng sut trc trong mt giai on duy nht c th ly bng :
Trong cu kin ko trc

fPt = fPES + fPSR + fPR
(5.9.5.1-1)
Trong cu kin ko sau

fPt = fPF + fPHI + fPES +fPSR + fPCR +fPR
y :
AASHTO cu ng b
(5.9.5.1-1)

fPt =
Tng mt mt (Mpa)
fPF =
Mt mt do ma st (Mpa)
fPHI
Mt mt do thit b neo (Mpa)
fPES
Mt mt do co ngn n hi (Mpa)
fPSR
Mt mt co ngt (Mpa)
fPCR
Mt mt do t bin b tng (Mpa)
fPR =
Mt mt do do thp
i vi cc cu kin ko trc ; khi dng iu 5.9.5.3 d tnh ton b cc mt mt cn

c khu tr phn mt mt do do thp xy ra trc khi truyn lc fP1 ra khi ton b
phn do thp .
i vi cc cu kin ko sau , cn xt n mt mt ca lc b thp c ch d bng
cc s c p lc trn thit b cng ko .
5.9.5.2.
Cc mt mt tc thi
5.9.5.2.1. Thit b neo

ln ca mt mt do thit b neo phi l tr s ln hn s yu cu khng ch ng
sut trong thp ng sut trc khi truyn , hoc s kin ngh bi nh sn xut neo .
ln do mt mt thit b neo ga thuyt thit k v dng tnh mt mt ca thit
b phi c ch ra trong h s hp ng v kim trng khi thi cng .
5.9.5.2.2. Ma st
5.9.5.2.2a Thi cng bng phng php ko trc
i vi cc b thp ng sut trc dt , phi xt ti nhng mt mt c th xy ra cc
thit b kp
5.9.5.2.2b Thi cng bng phng php ko sau

Mt mt do ma st gia cc b thp ng sut trc v ng bc c th ly nh sau
fPF = fPi(1-e-(Kx + ))
(5.9.5.2.2b-1)
C th ly gi tr ma st gy ra gia b thp i qua mt ng chuyn h ng loi n nh

sau :
fPF = fPi(1-e- (a+0.04))
(5.9.5.2.2b-2)
y:
fpi =
ng sut trong thp ng sut trc khi kch (Mpa)
x = Chiu di b thp ng sut trc t u kch n im bt k ang xem xt

(mm)
K =
H s ma st lc (trn mm b thp )
H s ma st
AASHTO cu ng b

= Tng ca gi tr tuyt i ca thay i gc ca ng cp thp ng sut trc t
u kch , hoc t u kch gn nht nu thc hin cng c hai u , n im
ang xt (RAD)
=
C s lgarit t nhin (Napier)
Cc gi tr K v cn da trn s liu th nghim i vi cc vt liu qui nh phi

th hin trong h s hp ng . Khi thiu cc s liu ny , c th dng gi tr trong
nhng phm vi ca K v cho trong bng 1.
i vi cc b thp hn ch trong mt phmg thng ng phi ly l tng cc gi
tr tuyt i ca cc thay i gc trn chiu di x .
i vi cc b thp cong ba chiu , tng thay i gc ba chiu phi ly php cng
vc t , tc tng thay i gc theo chiu ng v v tng thay i gc theo chiu
ngang h
Bng 5.9.5.2b-1 H s ma st cho cc b ko sau
Loi thp
Si hay tao
Cc ng bc
ng m thp cng hay na cng
6,6x10-7
0,15-0.25
Vt liu polythylebe
6,6x10-7
0,23
Cc ng chuyn hng bng thp 6,6x10-7

cng cho b thp ngoi
0,25
6,6x10-7
0,30
Thanh c- ng thp m
ng
cao
5.9.5.2.3.
Co ngn n hi
5.9.5.2.3a Cc cu kin ko trc

Mt mt do co ngn n hi trong cu kin ko trc phi c ly bng :
fPES =( EP /Eci )fcgP (5.9.5.2.3a-1)
trong :
fcgP
=
Tng ng sut b tng trng tm ca cc b thp ng sut do lc ng
sut trc khi truyn v t trng ca b phn cc mt ct mmen max(Mpa)
Ep =
M un n hi ca thp ng sut trc (Mpa)
Eci =
M un n hi ca b tng lc truyn lc (Mpa)
i vi cc cu kin ko trc ca thit k thng thng fcgP c th tnh da trn c s

ng sut thp ng sut trc gi nh bng 0,65fpu cho ng sut ca tao thp c kh
ng sut v thanh thp cng ,v 0.7fpu cho thp t do
i vi cc cu kin thit k khng thng dng cn dng cc phng php chnh xc hn
c da bi nghin cu hoc kinh nghim .
AASHTO cu ng b
5.9.5.2.3.b Cc cu kin ko sau

Mt mt do co ngn n hi trong cc cu kin ko sau , ngoi h thng bn ra c
th ly bng
f PES =
N 1 E p
f cgp
2 N Eci
(5.9.5.2.3.b)
Trong
N =
S lng cc b thp ng sut ging nhau .
fcgp
Tng mt mt ng sut b tng trng tm cc b thp ng sut
trc do lc ng sut trc sau khi kch v t trng ca cu kin cc mt ct m men

max (Mpa)
Cc gi tr fcgp c th c tnh bng ng sut thp c gim di tr s ban u bi mt
gii hn ph thuc vo cc hiu ng do co ngn n hi, do v ma st .
i vi kt cu ko sau vi b thp c dnh kt (b thp c dnh kt vi kt cu
thng qua va p trong ng bc ) f cgP c th ly mt ct gia nhp hoc i vi kt
cu lin tc mt ct m men max.
i vi kt cu ko sau vi b thp khng c dnh kt gi tr f cgP c th c tnh nh
ng sut trng tm ct thp ng sut trc ly bnh qun trn chiu di ca b phn
i vi h bn gi tr fpESc th ly bng 25% ca gi tr tnh c t phng trnh
5.9.5.2.3a-1.
5.9.5.3.
c tnh ton b mt mt theo thi gian
Mt c tnh gn ng cho ton b mt mt ng sut ph thuc vo thi gian do t

bin v co ngt ca b tng v do ca thp trong ng sut trc v ng sut trc mt
phn c th ly theo Bng 1 cho:
Cc cu kin khng phn on ko sau vi nhp 50.000 mm v to ng sut

trong b tng tui 10 ngy 30 ngy .
V cc cu kin ko trc , to ng sut sau khi t cng nn f'ci=24 Mpa .
Min l chng :
c lm b tng t thng ,
B tng c bo dng bng hi nc hoc m t ,
ng sut trc tng thanh hoc tao thp vi thuc tnh do bnh thng v thp .
v ni c cc iu kin l ra v nhit trung bnh .
i vi cc cu kin b tng phn on , bin php c tnh ton b mt mt ng sut c

th dng cho thit k s b .
AASHTO cu ng b

T l ng sut trc mt phn PRRt rong bng 1 phi c ly nh qui nh trong phng
trnh 5.5.4.2.1-2 .
i vi nhng b phn c lm bng b tng c t trng thp ,cc tr s qui nh trong
Bng 1 phi c tng ln 35 Mpa.
i vi cc tao thp t do , cc gi tr qui nh trong Bng 1 c th gim bt :
28 Mpa i vi dm hp
41 Mpa i vi ch nht ,bn c v dm I.
V 55Mpa i vi dm T n , Tkp , li rng v bn rng .
i vi iu kin l ra khng bnh thng ,cc c lng chnh xc hn phi t c ph

hp vi cc phng php da trn nghin cu hoc kinh nghim.
Bng 5.9.5.3-1 Cc mt mt ph thuc vo thi gian - Mpa
Dng
mt
ct
dm
Mc
Vi dy thp v tao thp Vi cc thanh thp c

c fpu=1620, 1725 hoc fpu=1000 hoc 1100
1680Mpa
Mpa
Dm
Bin
trn 200 +28 PPR
ch nht trung bnh 180 +28 PPR
v bn
c
130+41 PPR
Dm
hp
Bin
trn 145 + 28 PPR
trung bnh 130 + 28 PPR
100
Dm I
Trungbnh
f 41
230 1 0,15
+ 41PPR
41
T n T Bin trn
kp li
rng v
bn rng Trungbnh
f ' 41
270 1 0,15 c
+ 41PPR
41
5.9.5.4.
5.9.5.4.1.
130 + 41 PPR
'
c
f c' 41
230 1 0,15
+ 41PPR
41
f ' 41
210 1 0,15 c
+ 41PPR
41
c tnh chnh xc cc mt mt theo thi gian

Tng qut
Cc gi tr chnh xc hn ca cc mt mt do t bin ,co ngt v do so vi cc qui nh

trong im 5.9.5.3 c th xc nh ph hp vi cc qui nh hoc ca iu 5.4.2.3
hoc cc im ny cho cc b phn khng phn on ng sut trc vi :
AASHTO cu ng b
Cc nhp khng ln 75 000 mm.
B tng t trng thng
Cng thi im ng sut trc vt qu 24 Mpa
i vi b tng t trng thp , mt mt ng sut trc phi da trn nhng tnh cht i i
din ca b tng c dng
i vi thi cng phn on ,trong mi xem xt khng phi l thit k s b, cn xc
nh mt mt ng sut theo qui nh trong iu 5.9.5, k c vic xem xt phng
php v tin thi cng ph thuc vo thi gian nh ch r trong ti liu hp ng .
5.9.5.4.2.
Co ngt
Mt mt ng sut trc do co ngt c th ly bng :

Vi cc cu kin ko trc : fpSR = (117 -1,03H) (Mpa) (5.9.5.4.2-1)
Vi cc cu kin ko sau : fpSR = (93-0.85H) (Mpa) (5.9.5.4.2-1)
Trong
H =
m tng i bao quanh, ly trung bnh hng nm (%)
5.9.5.4.3.
T bin
Mt mt ng sut trc do t bin c th ly bng :

fPCR = 12,0fcgp - 7,0fcdP 0
(5.9.5.4.3-1)
trong
fcgP
ng sut b tng ti trng tm thp ng sut trc lc truyn lc (Mpa)
fcdP =
Thay i trong ng sut b tng ti trng tm thp ng sut trc do ti
trng thng xuyn ,tr ti trng tc ng vo lc thc hin ng sut trc , Gi tr fcdP
cn c tnh ton cng mt ct hoc cc mt ct c tnh fcgp (Mpa)
5.9.5.4.4. Do
5.9.5.4.4a Tng qut
Tng do bt k thi im no sau khi truyn lc phi c ly bng tng mt mt
qui nh trong cc iu 5.9.5.4.4b v 5.9.5.4.4c.
5.9.5.4.4b Ti lc truyn lc
Trong cc b phn ko trc mt mt do do thp ng sut trc c to ng sut ban u
vt qu 0,50fpu c th ly bng :
i vi tao thp kh ng sut :
f pR1 =
log(24,0t ) f pi
0,55 f pi
10,0
f py
AASHTO cu ng b
(5.9.5.4.4b-1)
i vi tao thp do t :
f pR1 =
log(24,0t ) f pi
0,55 f pi
40,0
f py
(5.9.5.4.4b-2)
trong :
t =
Thi gian tnh bng ngy t lc to ng sut n lc truyn (Ngy)
fpi =
ng sut ban u trong b thp vo cui lc ko (Mpa)
fpy =
Cng chy qui nh ca thp ng sut trc (Mpa)
5.9.5.4.4c Sau khi truyn

Mt mt do do ca thp ng sut trc c th ly bng :
i vi tao thp c kh ng sut ko trc
fPR2 = 138 - 0,4fPES - 0,2(fPSR +fPCR) (Mpa)
(5.9.5.4.4c-1)
i vi tao thp c kh ng sut ko sau :
fPR2 = 138 - 0,3fPES - 0,2(fPSR +fPCR) (Mpa)
(5.9.5.4.4c-2)
y:
fPF =
Mt mt do ma st di mc 0,70fPY thi im xem xt tnh theo iu
5.9.5.2.2.(Mpa)
fPES =
Mt mt do co ngn n hi (Mpa)
fPSR =
Mt mt do t bin (Mpa)
i vi thp ng sut trc c tnh do thp ph hp vi AASHTO 203M (ASTM A

416M hoc E328) ; Ly bng 30% ca fPR2 tnh theo phng trnh 1 hoc 2.
i vi cc thanh thp ko sau 1000 n 1100Mpa ; mt mt do do cn da trn

th nghim c chp nhn . Nu s liu th nghim khng c sn , mt mt
c th gi nh bng 21 Mpa .
5.9.5.5.
Cc mt mt tnh vng
tnh vng v vng ca cc b phn ng sut trc khng phn on vi nhp

khng vt qu 50 000mm , c lm bng b tng c t trng thng thng vi cng
khng vt qu 24 Mpa thi im ng sut trc fcgp v fcdp c th tnh bng ng sut
trng tm thp ng sut trc ly bnh qun theo chiu di b phn .
5.10. Cc chi tit t ct thp

5.10.1.
Lp b tng bo v
Lp b tng bo v t nht phi ly nh qui nh trong iu 5.12.3

AASHTO cu ng b
5.10.2.
Cc mc un cong
5.10.2.1.
Mc tiu chun
Trong b tiu chun ny thut ng mc tiu chun c mt trong cc ngha sau :
Vi ct thp dc :
(a)un 1800 cng thm mt on ko di 4.0d b nhng khng t hn 6.5 mm u

thanh ,
(b)hoc thanh No 20 : un 900 cng vi on ko di 12 db u thanh
Vi ct thp ngang :
(a) thanh No 15 v ln hn : un 90 0 cng vi on 6.0 dn u thanh

(b) hoc thanh No 20 v ln hn : un900 cng vi on 12.0 dn u thanh
(c)hoc thanh No 25 v ln hn : un135 0 cng vi on 60 dn u thanh
trong :
dn = ng knh danh nh ca ct thp (mm)
5.10.2.2.
5.10.2.3.
Cc mc chng ng t
Cc mc chng ng t phi bao gm on un cong 135 0 cng thm mt on ko

di ln 6,0 dn hay 75 mm ly s ln hn. Phi dng mc chng ng t lm ct thp
ngang vng d kin c khp do . Loi mc ny v ni cn b tr chng phi c th
hin chi tit trong h s hp ng .
5.10.2.4.
ng knh un cong ti thiu
ng knh v thanh un cong c o v pha bng ca thanh theo qui nh trong

Bng 1
Bng 5.10.2.3-1 ng knh un cong ti thiu ca on un cong
Kch thc thanh v vic dng
ng
thiu
No 10 n No 16 chung
No 10 n No 16 aiU v ging
No 19 n No 25 chung
No29, No32, v No36
No 43 v No57
6,0db
4,0 db
6,0 db
8,0 db
1,0 db
knh
ti
ng knh bng ca un cong i vi ai U v ging tm li dy hn trn v c g

khng c nh 4,0 db i vi dy c g ln hn D6 (38,7mm 2) , v 2,0 db cho tt c cc
AASHTO cu ng b

loi dy c kch c khc . Un cong vi ng knh trong nh hn 8,0 d b khng c t
cch giao din hn gn nht t hn 4,0 db
5.10.3.
C ly ct thp
5.10.3.1.
C ly ct thp ti thiu ca cc thanh ct thp
5.10.3.1.1. B tng c ti ch
i vi b tng c ti ch c ly tnh gia cc thanh thp song song trong mt lp khng
c nh hn :
1.5 ln ng knh danh nh ca thanh ,
1,5 ln kch thc ti a ca cp phi th ,
hoc 38mm
5.10.3.1.2. B tng c sn
i vi b tng c sn phi c sn xut trong iu kin khng ch ca nh my , c
ly tnh gia cc thanh song song trong mt lp khng c nh hn :
ng knh danh nh ca thanh ,
1,35 ln kch thc ti a ca cp phi th ,
hoc 25mm
5.10.3.1.3. Nhiu lp
Tr trong cc bn mt cu , ct thp song song c t hai hoc nhiu lp , vi
c ly tnh gia cc lp khng c nh hn hoc 25mm hoc ng knh danh nh
ca thanh .
5.10.3.1.4. Cc mi ni
Cc gii hn v c ly tnh gia cc thanh qui nh trong cc iu 5.10.3.1.1v 5.10.3.1.2
cng p dng c ly tnh gia mt mi ni chng v cc mi ni hoc thanh lin k.
5.10.3.1.5. B thanh
S lng cc thanh song song c b li lm vic nh mt n v vt qu bn trong bt
k b no .
B thanh phi c bao li bng thp hoc ai ging.
Tng thanh trong b , t on trong chiu nhp ca b phn , phi c kt thc
im khc nhau vi khong cch t nht bng 40 ln ng knh thanh , ni m gii
hn v khong cch da trn kch thc thanh , mt b thanh phi c s l nh mi b
thanh c ng knh suy ra t tng din tch tng ng .
AASHTO cu ng b
5.10.3.2.
C ly ti a ca cc thanh ct thp
Trong vch v bn tr c qui nh khc , cc c ly ct thp khng c vt 1,5 ln chiu

dy ca b phn hoc 450 mm.
C cc thp xon c , thp ging , thp chu nhit v co ngt phi theo qui nh
trong cc iu 5.10.6 , 5.10.7 v 5.10.8 .
5.10.3.3.
.
C ly ti thiu ca cc b thp v ng bc ng sut trc
5.10.3.3.1. Tao thp ko trc

C ly tnh gia cc tao thp ko trc , bao gm c cc b c ng bc , u c kin
v trong phm vi chiu di trin khai c qui nh trong iu 5.11.4.2 khng c ly
nh hn 1,33 ln kch c ln nht ca ct liu cp phi v khng c nh hn c ly tim
n tim c qui nh trong Bng 5.10.3.3.1-1 .
Bng 5.10.3.3.1-1 C ly tim n tim
AASHTO cu ng b

Quy cch tao thp (mm)
15,24
4,29
bit
14,29
12,70 c bit
51
12,70
11,11
44
9,53
38
Nu chng minh c bng th nghim theo kch thc nguyn mu thit k , c ly

tnh gia cc tao thp u c kin c th c ly gim i .
C ly tnh ti thiu gia cc nhm khng c nh hn hoc 1,33 ln kch thc ti a
ca cp phi hoc 25 mm .
Cc b thp ko trc c th t chm , min l c ly gia cc b qui nh y c
duy tr.Qui nh ny p dng cho c b c bc hoc khng bc
Cc nhm tm tao ng knh 15,24 mm hoc nh hn c th b li chng ln nhau
trong mt phng ng. S lng cc tao c b li bng bt k cch no khc khng c
vt qu bn.
5.10.3.3.2. Cc ng bc ko sau khng cong trong mt phng ngang

C ly tnh gia cc ng bc thng ko sau khng c nh hn 38 mm hoc 1,33 kch
thc ln nht cp phi th .
Cc ng bc c th c b li trong cc nhm khng c vt qu ba min l c ly c qui
nh gia cc ng ring r c duy tr gia mi ng ni trong vng 900 mm ca neo .
Vi cc nhm b ng bc khng phi l thi cng phn on , c ly tnh ngang gia cc
b lin k khng c nh hn 100mm. Vi cc nhm ng c t trong hai hoc
nhiu hn mt phng ngang , mi b khng c nhiu hn hai ng trong cng mt
phng ngang .
AASHTO cu ng b

C ly tnh ti thiu gia cc b khng c nh hn 38 mm hoc 1,35 ln kch thcln
nht ca cp phi th .
Vi thi cng c trc ,c ly tnh ngang ti thiu gia cc nhm ng c th gim xung
75 mm .
5.10.3.3.3. Cc ng bc ko sau cong

C ly ti thiu gia cc ng bc cong phi ging nh yu cu i vi hn ch ca b thp
qui nh trong iu 5.10.4.3. C ly i vi cc ng cong khng c nh hn i vi cc
ng thng .
5.10.3.3.4. C ly ti a ca cc b thp v ng bc ng sut trc trong cc

bn
Cc b ko trc ca bn c sn phi t i xng , u v khng c t xa nhau
qu hoc 1,5 ln chiu dy bn lin hp hoc 450 mm
Cc b ko sau ca bn khng c t xa nhau , t tim n tim qu 4,0 ln chiu dy
lin hp ti thiu ca bn .
5.10.3.3.5. Cc u ni ca b thp ko sau

Ti liu hp ng phi qui nh khng c ni qu 50% s b thp dc ko sau c
ni trong mt mt ct v khong cch gia cc u ni cnh nhau khng c ly nh
hn chiu dy ca phn on dm hay hai ln chiu cao ca phn on dm . Cc
din tch trng xung quanh u ni phi c tr din tch nguyn ca mt ct v
m men qun tnh khi tnh ton cc ng sut thi im tc dng lc ko sau .
5.10.3.4.
Kim ch b thp
5.10.3.4.1. Tng qut

Phi b tr cc b thp nm trong phm vi ct thp ai tng cng trong bng dm v
nu c th c , nm gia cc ct thp ngang trong cnh v bn mt cu . i vi cc
ng bc nm trong cnh di ca cc phn on dm c chiu cao thay i , phi b tr
ct thp bc kim ch danh nh xung quanh ng bc tng mt ct phn on
dm .Khng c b tr t hn 2 hng ct thp thanh N13 kiu kp tc ca hai bn mi
ng bc vi kch thc chiu thng ng bng chiu dy ca bn . Tr i cc kch thc
bo h trn v di .
Phi xt n nh hng ca lp va phun trong ng bc .
5.10.3.4.2. Tc ng lc trong cc bn
V mc ch ca iu ny , cc ng bc c t t tim n tim gn hn 300mm c
hai hng phi c coi l t gn nhau .
ni m ng bc ngang v dc t gn nhau trong cc bn cnh dm m khng c
cc qui nh gim thiu s lc ca ng phi bao gm trong h s hp ng , l i ct
thp nh v y phi c ging vi nhau bng cc thanh kp N o13. C ly gia cc
thanh kp khng c vt qu 450 mm hoc 1,5 ln chiu dy bn mi hng .
AASHTO cu ng b
5.10.3.4.3. Tc ng ca cc b cong
Phi dng ct thp gi cc b cong . Ct thp phi c thit k sao cho ng sut
thp trng thi gii hn s dng khng c vt qu 0,60fy ,v gi tr gi nh ca fy
khng c vt qu 400 Mpa .C ly thp neo gi khng c vt qu hoc 3,0 ng knh
ngoi ca ng bc hoc 600mm
Khi cc b thp c t trong bng hoc cc cnh cong , hoc c un cong theo v
gn theo cc gc lm hoc l rng bn trong , phi c thm lp bo v b tng v /hoc
ct thp neo gi . C ly gia mt gc lm v/ hoc l rng v mp ca ng bc gn
khng nh hn 1,5 ln ng knh ng bc .
Khi mt b cong trong hai mt phng th cc lc trong v ngoi mt phng phi c
cng vc t v nhau
5.10.4.
Kim ch b thp
5.10.4.1.
Tng qut
Phi b tr cc b thp nm trong phm vi ct thp ai tng cng trong bng dm v

nu c th c , nm gia cc ct thp ngang trong cnh v bn mt cu . i vi cc
ng bc nm trong cnh di ca cc phn on dm c chiu cao thay i , phi b tr
ct thp bc kim ch danh nh xung quanh ng bc tng mt ct phn on
dm .Khng c b tr t hn 2 hng ct thp thanh N13 kiu kp tc ca hai bn mi
ng bc vi kch thc chiu thng ng bng chiu dy ca bn . Tr i cc kch thc
bo h trn v di .
Phi xt n nh hng ca lp va phun trong ng bc .
5.10.4.2.
Tc ng lc trong cc bn
V mc ch ca iu ny , cc ng bc c t t tim n tim gn hn 300mm c

hai hng phi c coi l t gn nhau .
ni m ng bc ngang v dc t gn nhau trong cc bn cnh dm m khng c
cc qui nh gim thiu s lc ca ng phi bao gm trong h s hp ng , l i ct
thp nh v y phi c ging vi nhau bng cc thanh kp N o13. C ly gia cc
thanh kp khng c vt qu 450 mm hoc 1,5 ln chiu dy bn mi hng .
5.10.4.3.
Tc ng ca cc b cong
Khi cc b thp c t trong bng hoc cc cnh cong , hoc c un cong theo v
gn theo cc gc lm hoc l rng bn trong , phi c thm lp bo v b tng v /hoc
ct thp neo gi . C ly gia mt gc lm v/ hoc l rng v mp ca ng bc gn
khng nh hn 1,5 ln ng knh ng bc .
Khi mt b cong trong hai mt phng th cc lc trong v ngoi mt phng phi c
cng vc t v nhau
Phi dng ct thp gi cc b cong . Ct thp phi c thit k sao cho ng sut
thp trng thi gii hn s dng khng c vt qu 0,60fy ,v gi tr gi nh ca fy
khng c vt qu 400 Mpa .C ly thp neo gi khng c vt qu hoc 3,0 ng knh
ngoi ca ng bc hoc 600mm
AASHTO cu ng b
5.10.4.3.1. Cc hiu ng lc trong mt phng

Hiu ng lc trch hng trong mt phng do cc b thp i hng c ly bng :
Fu in =
pu
R
(5.10.4.3.1.-1)
y :
Fu-in =
(N/mm)
Hiu ng lc trch hng trong mt phng trn n v chiu di b thp
Pu =
Lc tnh ton ca b thp nh qui nh trong iu 3.4.3 (N)
R =
Bn knh cong ca thp v tr xem xt (mm)
Lc trch hng ti a phi xc nh trn c s tt c cc b thp bao gm b thp d

phng , u c to ng sut trc .
Sc khng ct ca lp b tng bo v chng li lc trch hng y ra Vr phi ly bng :
Vr=Vn
(5.10.4.3.1-2)
Trong
Vn = 0,33d c
f ci'
(5.10.4.3.1-3)
y :
Vn
Sc khng ct danh nh trn n v chiu di (N/mm)
H s sc khng ct qui nh trong iu 5.5.4.2
dc =
Lp ph b tng nh nht trn ng gen (mm)
fci = Cng nn qui nh ca b tng thi im t ti hoc to ng sut trc

ban u (Mpa)
Nu lc trch hng tnh ton trong mt phng vt qu cng ct tnh ton bo v
ca lp b tng nh ch ra trong phng trnh 2 th phi t cc ging neo hon ton
chu cc lc trch hng tnh ton di dng thp khng ng sut trc hoc ng sut trc
.
Khi dng ng bc chn trong dm cong phi kho st sc khng un ca lp ph b tng
chu un
i vi dm cong , cc tc ng un tng th ca cc lc ngoi mt phng phi c
kho st .
ni cc un cong ca b thp ,ngoi cc b ct xp x 90 0 , c t sao cho hng
ca lc xuyn tm t b ny hng v b kia ,phi t neo gia cc ng bng :
t khong cch gia cc ng sao cho sc khng ct danh nh nh qui nh trong
phng trnh 2 .
AASHTO cu ng b

t ct thp neo gi chu lc hng tm .
v qui nh rng mi ng bn trong phi c p va trc khi to ng sut trc ng bn
ngoi lin k .
5.10.4.3.2. Cc hiu ng lc ngoi mt phng

Hiu ng lc ngoi mt phng do tc ng p ca b thp ln vch ng bc c th
tnh nh sau :
Fu out =
Pu
R
(5.10.4.3.2-1)
y :
Fu-out
Hiu ng lc ngoi mt phng trn n v chiu di b thp (N/mm)
Pu =
Lc b thp nhn vi h s qui nh trong iu 3.4.3 (N)
R =
Bn knh cong ca b thp trong mt phng ng v tr xem xt (mm)
Nu cng ct tnh ton cho bi phng trnh 5.10.4.3.1-2 khng , phi t ct

thp neo gi cc b sut cc mt ct b thp cong chu ton b lc ngoi mt
phng, nn dng ct thp dng l xo .
5.10.5.
Cc b b thp t ngoi
Tr cc phn tch v tung ch khc i , chiu di khng ca b thp t ngoi

khng c vt qu 7500mm
5.10.6.
Ct thp cho b phn chu nn
5.10.6.1.
Tng qut
Cc qui nh ca iu 5.10.11 cng phi p dng thit k v cu to chi tit trong

cc vng ng t 2 v 3
Ct thp ngang cho cc c kin chu nn cng c th dng loi ct xon hoc
ging
5.10.6.2.
Ct xon
Ct xon dng cho cc b phn chu nn khng phi l cc , phi bao gm mt hoc
nhiu ct xon lin tc t u bng ct thp trn hoc ct thp c g , hoc dy
thp vi ng knh ti thiu l 9.5 mm . Ct thp phi c t sao cho tt c cc ct
thp chnh nm dc bn trong v tip xc vi ct xon .
C ly tnh gia cc thanh ct xon khng c nh hn hoc 25mm hoc 1,33ln
kch thc ln nht ca cp phi . C ly tim n tim khng vt qu 6.0 ln ng knh ca
ct thp dc hoc 150mm.
Tr cc qui nh trong iu 5.10.11.4.1 cho vng ng t 3 v 4 , ct xon phi ko
di t chn hoc b khc n cao ca lp ct thp ngang thp nht ca b
phn .
AASHTO cu ng b

Neo ca ct xon phi lm bng cch ko di thm mi u xon 1.5 vng thanh
hoc dy xon . i vi vng ng t 3 v 4 ,vic ko di ct thp ngang vo cc
b phn ni phi tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 5.10.11.4.3
Cc u ni ca ct xon c th l mt trong cc cch sau :
Ni chng 48 ln ng knh thanh khng ph mt ,72.,0 ln ng knh thanh

ph mt hoc 48 ln ng knh dy thp .
Cc lin kt c hc c chp nhn .
Hoc mi ni hn c chp nhn
5.10.6.3.
Ct ging
Trong cc b phn chu nn c ging ,tt c cc thanh dcc phi c bao quanh bi
cc ct ging ngang tng ng vi :
Thanh No 10 cho cc thanh No 32 hoc nh hn .
Thanh No 15 cho cc thanh No 36 hoc ln hn .
V thanh No13 cho cc b thanh .
C ly gia cc ct ging khng c vt qu hoc kch thc nh nht ca b phn chu

nn hoc 300 mmm . Khi hai hoc nhiu thanh N o35 c b li , c ly ny khng c
vt qu hoc mt na kch thc nh nht ca b phn hoc 150mm
Dy thp c g hoc tm li dy thp hn c din tch tng ng c th dng thay
cho thp thanh ,
Cc ct ging phi b tr sao cho mi gc v thanh dc t xen k c c im ta
ngang nh c phn b gc ca mt ct ging vi gc cong khng qu 135 grad. Tr khi
c qui nh khc y , mi pha dc theo ct ging khng c b tr thanh no xa
qu (tnh t tim n tim) 610mm tnh t thanh dc c gi chng chuyn dch ngang
. Nu b tr cc thanh theo chu vi ca mt vng trn th c th dng mt ct ging
trn kn nu cc mi ni trong cc ct ging c b tr so le .
Cc ct ging phi c b tr theo chiu ng khng ln hn 1/2 c ly ca chng
pha trn b mng hoc b khc v khng ln hn 1/2 c ly ca chng pha d i
lp ct thp nm ngang thp nht trong c kin b .
5.10.7.
Ct thp ngang cho cc b phn chu un
Ct thp chu nn trong cc b phn chu un , tr bn mt cu , phi c bao

quanh bi ct ging hoc ct ai U tho mn kch thc v c ly yu cu ca iu
5.10.6 , hoc bng tm li dy hn c din tch tng ng
5.10.8.
Ct thp co ngt v nhit
5.10.8.1.
Tng qut
Ct thp cho cc ng sut co ngt v nhit phi c t gn cc b mt b tng

l ra trc cc thay i nhit hng ngy v cc khi b tng kt cu ln .Ct thp
AASHTO cu ng b

nhit v co ngt phi cng thm vo sao cho tng ct thp cc b mt b l ra
khng t hn qui nh y .
5.10.8.2.
Cc c kin mng hn 1200mm
Ct thp co ngt v nhit c th di dng thanh , tm li dy thp hn hoc b

thp ng sut trc .
Vi cc thp thanh hoc tm li dy hn , din tch ct thp trong mi hng khng c
nh hn :
As 0,75 Ag/fy
(5.10.8.2-1)
y :
Ag =
Tng din tch mt ct (mm2)
fy =
Cng chy qui nh ca thanh thp (Mpa)
Thp phi c phn b u trn hai mt ct , tr cc b phn mng bng hoc

mng hn 150mm ct thp c th t trong mt lp .
Ct thp co ngt v nhit khng c t rng hn 3,0 ln chiu dy c kin
hoc 450 mm
Nu dng b thp ng sut trc nh thp co ngt v nhit , th cc b thp phi
cung cp mt ng sut nn bnh qun ti thiu 0,75 Mpa trn tng din tch b tng
trong hng c xem xt , da trn ng sut c hiu sau cc mt mt . C ly cc b thp
khng c vt qu hoc 1800mm hoc c ly c qui nh trong iu 5.10.3.4. Khi cc
c ly ln hn 1400mm , phi t ct thp dnh kt .
i vi cc tng b mng bng b tng kt cu c ,c ly cc thanh khng c vt qu
300mm trong mi hng tt c cc mt , v din tch thp co ngt v nhit khng
cn vt qu :
Ab = 0,0015Ag
5.10.8.3.
(5.10.8.2-2)
B tng khi ln
i vi cc c kin b tng kt cu khi ln m kch nh nht ca n li v t qu 1200

mm, kch c thanh nh nht l No19 v c ly ca chng khng c vt qu 450mm.Ct
thp co ngt v nhit ti thiu trong mi hng , c phn b u trn c hai mt ,
phi tho mn :
s ( 2d c + d b )
100
(5.10.8.3-1)
y :
Ab =
Din tch ti thiu ca thanh (mm2)
s =
C ly cc thanh (mm)
dc = Chiu dy lp b tng bo v o t th ngoi cng n tim thanh hoc dy t

gn n nht (mm)
AASHTO cu ng b

S lng (2dc+db) khng cn ly ln hn 75mm.
Khi cc b thp ng sut trc c dng nh thp co ngt v nhit , phi p dng cc
qui nh lin quan ca iu 5.10.8.1 .
5.10.9.
Cc vng neo ko sau
5.10.9.1.
Tng qut
Cc neo phi c thit k trng thi gii hn cng cho cc lc kch tnh ton nh qui
nh trong iu 5.4.3.
Vi cc vng neo u c kin hoc on , cc kch thc ngang c th ly bng
chiu cao v chiu rng ca mt ct nhng khng ln hn kch thc dc ca c kin
hoc on. phm vi ko di ca vng neo theo hng b thp khng c nh hn tr s
ln hn ca kch thc ngang ca vng neo v khng c ly ln hn mt ln ri kch thc
.
Vi cc neo trung gian ,vng neo phi c xt v pha i u vi lc neo mt c ly
khng nh hn gi tr ln hn kch thc ngang ca vng neo .
5.10.9.2.
Vng chung v vng cc b
5.10.9.2.1. Tng qut

Vi mc ch thit k , vng neo phi c xem xt bao gm hai vng :
Vng chung , p dng cc qui nh ca iu 5.10.9.2.2.
V vng cc b , p dng cc qui nh ca iu 5.10.9.2.3
5.10.9.2.2. Vng chung

Phm vi ca vng chung phi c ly ng nht vi phm vi ca c vng neo xc nh
trong iu 5.10.9.1 , bao gm vng cc b .
Thit k vng chung phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu 5.10.9.3.
5.10.9.2.3. Vng cc b
Thit k cc vng cc b phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu 5.10.9.7 hoc phi da
trn cc kt qu th nghim chp nhn c nh qui nh trong iu 5.10.9.7.3
thit k vng cc b , cc tc ng ca p lc ta cao v vic dng ct thp kim
ch phi c xt n .
Cc thit b neo da trn th nghim chp nhn c ca iu 5.10.9.7.3. phi c
tham chiu nh l thit b neo c bit .
5.10.9.2.4. Trch nhim

K s phi chu trch nhim v thit k tng th v duyt bn v i vi vng chung
bao gm v tr cc b thp v thit b neo , ct thp vng chung , trnh t to ng
sut v thit k vng cc b cho thit b neo da trn cc qui nh ca iu 5.10.9.7
AASHTO cu ng b

.Cc ti liu hp ng phi qui nh mi bn v thi cng cho vng cc b phi c k s
ph duyt .
Nh cung cp thit b neo phi chu trch nhim cung cp cc thit b neo tho mn
cc yu cu c hiu lc ca tiu chun thi cng .Nu s dng cc thit b neo c
bit , Nh cung cp cn phi chu trch nhim cung cp cc thit bi neo tho mn cc
yu cu v th nghim nghim thu theo iu 5.10.9.7.3. Th nghim cho vic
nghim thu ny v th cht lng ca neo phi do mt c quan th nghim c lp
thc hin v phi k s ph duyt . Ngi cung cp thit b neo phi cung cp cc kt
qu th nghim nghim thu cho k s v nh thu v phi qui nh r ct thp ph v
ct thp kim ch , c ly mp ti thiu c ly neo ti thiu v sc khng b tng ti
thiu cn thit vo lc ko ng sut trc m bo s lm vic ng n ca
vng cc b .
Trch nhim ca nh thu phi qui nh r trong tiu chun thi cng phn 810.
5.10.9.3.
Thit k vng chung
5.10.9.3.1. Cc phng php thit k

thit k vng chung , c th dng phng php sau y , ph hp vi cc yu cu
ca iu 5.10.9.3.2 .
M hnh phi n hi da trn s cn bng , ni chung gi l m hnh chng -v

- ging
Cc phn tch ng sut n hi chnh xc nh qui nh trong phn 4
Hoc cc phng php gn ng khc khi p dng c .
Cc tc ng ca trnh t to ng sut v cc tc ng ba chiu do ti trng kch tp

trung phi c nghin cu . Cc tc ng ba chiu c th c phn tch bng phng
php phn tch ba chiu hoc c th tnh gn ng bng cch xt ring r cc ti
m hnh vi hai hoc hn hai mt phng , trong trng hp ny s tng tc ca cc tiu
m hnh cn c xem xt ,v cc ti trng trn m hnh v cc kt qu cn ph hp .
Cng chu nn tnh ton ca b tng ca vng chung khng c vt qu 0,7fci .
Trong nhng vng ni m b tng c th b nt m rng ,cc gii hn do cc tc ng lc
khc , hoc c th c nhng s soay phi n hi ln , cng nn tnh ton phi c
gii hn ti 0,6fci
Khi thit k vng chung phi b qua sc khng ko ca b tng .
Sc khng ko danh nh ca ct thp dnh kt phi c gii hn f y i vi c ct
thp khng ng sut trc ln ct thp ng sut trc c dnh kt . Sc khng ko
danh nh ca ct thp ng sut trc khng dnh kt phi c gii hn fpe +105
Mpa.
an ton khi thit k c th b qua s tham gia chu lc ca mi ct thp vng cc
b vo sc khng ca vng chung .
AASHTO cu ng b
5.10.9.3.2. Nguyn l thit k

Cc ng sut nn trong b tng ng trc thit b neo c bn phi tho mn cc yu
cu ca iu 5.10.9.7.2 .
Cc ng sut nn trong b tng pha trc thit b neo phi c nghin cu mt
khong cch o t mt p ta ca b tng khng c nh hn :
Chiu su tnh ti phn cui ca ct thp chng kim ch cc b
Hoc kch thc nh hn theo phng ngang ca thit b neo .
Cc ng sut nn ny c th xc nh bng m hnh chng v ging ca iu

5.10.9.4 bng phn tch ng sut n hi theo iu 5.10.9.5 hoc bng phng php
gn ng c nu tng qut trong iu 5.10.9.6.3
ln ca lc n ngang Tburst v khong cch tng ng ca n k t b mt chu ti
dburst c th xc nh bng cch dng m hnh chng v ging trong iu 5.10.9.4 bng
phn tch n hi theo iu 5.10.9.5 hoc bng phng php gn ng c nu tng
qut trong iu 5.10.9.6.3 . Phi xt n nh hng ba chiu xc nh cc yu cu
v ct thp chu lc n ngang .
Phi kim tra ng sut nn nhng ch c s gin on v hnh hc hoc ti trng
trong phm vi hoc trc vng neo c th gy tp trung ng sut .
chng cc lc n ngang phi t ct thp khng d ng lc hoc c d ng lc
hoc dng ct xon c , cc ai thp kn , hoc ging neo ngang . Cc ct thp ny
phi chu c ton b lc n ngang .Vic b tr v neo ct thp chng n ngang cn
p dng cc ch dn sau y:
t ct thp trn ton b b rng ca c kin v neo tht st b mt ngoi

ca c kin ti chng mc m bo lp bo v tr s cho php ;
Phn b ct thp pha trc ca b mt chu ti dc theo c hai bn ca b

thp vi khong cch ly theo tr s nh hn gia 2.5d burst i vi mt phng
ang xt v 1,5 ln kch thc ngang tng ng ca mt ct , y d burst c xc
nh theo phng trnh 5.10.9.6.3.-2;
Trng tm ca ct thp chng n trng vi khong cch d burst c p dng cho

thit k v
Khong cch gia cc ct thp ln hn 24 ln ng knh ct thp v ln hn

300mm
C th xc nh lc ko mp bng cch dng m hnh chng v ging nu

trong iu 5.10.9.4,bng cc phn tch n hi theo iu 5.10.9.5 hoc bng
cc phng php gn ng mc 5.10.9.6.4.
i vi khong cch cc chm neo c khong cch t tim n tim nh hn 0,4 ln

chiu cao mt ct , lc p v khng c ly nh hn 2% ton b lc dnh bm
ca b thp . i vi cc khong cch ln hn phi xc nh cc lc p v bng
tnh ton phn tch .
AASHTO cu ng b
chu lc ko mp , phi t ct thp gn st vi mp dc v ngang ca

b tng .S b tr v neo ct thp chu ko mp phi tho mn cc iu kin
sau y :
Ct thp chng p v theo qui nh phi t trn ton b chiu rng ca c

kin .
Ct thp chng p v t gia thit b neo phi m bo ging chc cc

thit b neo vi nhau v
Ct thp chu ko mp dc v ct thp chng p v i vi cc thit b neo

lch tm phi lin tc ,ct thp t dc theo mt mt chu ko trn sut
chiu di vng neo v dc theo mt chu ti t mp dc cho ti pha bn kia
ca thit b neo lch tm hoc ca nhm thit b neo .
5.10.9.3.3. Cc thit b neo c bit

Trong trng hp phi s dng cc thit b neo c bit khng tho mn cc yu cu
ca iu 5.10.9.7.2 th cc min tng ng ca vng neo phi t ct thp ging nhau
v mt hnh dng v t nht c t l khi lng tng ng vi ct thp ph ngoi vi
theo cc qui nh ca Tiu chun xy dng cu AASHTO LRFD . iu 10.3.2.3.4 qui
nh
5.10.9.3.4. 5.10.9.3.4 Cc b phn neo trung gian

5.10.9.3.4a Tng qut
Khng c dng cc neo trung gian nhng vng m pht sinh lc ko ng k
sau neo do cc ti trng khc . Trong trng hp xt thy hp l th cn t neo gc
gia cnh v bng dm hoc phi ko sut b rng cnh hoc chiu cao bng to
thnh mt sn lin tc.Trng hp phi lm vu neo n l cnh hoc bng dm th
trong thit k phi xem xt ti lc ct cc b , un v nh hng ca lc tc dng trc
tip vo n .
5.10.9.3.4b Ging neo pha sau

Tr trng hp ti liu ny qui nh khc , phi t ct thp dnh kt ging no
t nht bng 25 % lc cng tnh ton ca neo trung gian vo tit din b tng pha
sau b neo .ng sut sut trong vng ct thp dnh kt ny khng c vt qu tr s
ti a l 0,6fy hoc 240Mpa . Nu ng sut nn thng xuyn pha sau b phn neo
do ti trng khc th lng ct thp ging neo c th gim bt theo phng trnh 1.
Jia = 0,25Ps-fcbAcb
(5.10.9.3.4b-1)
Trong :
Tia
Lc ko ging neo trung gian (N)
Ps =
Lc cng ko tnh ton cc i (N)
fcb = Din tch mt ct ngang tip theo trong phm vi cc phn m rng ca hai bn
bn neo hoc vu neo ,tc l din tch vu neo hoc sn khng tham gia vo khng
tham gia vo mt ct ngang (mm2).
AASHTO cu ng b

Ct thp ging ging no khng c b tr vt qu mt chiu rng ca tm bn
neo k t trc ca b thp. Cc ct thp ny phi c neo hon ton sao cho gii hn
chy c th pht trin ti pha trc b phn neo cng nh ti pha sau b phn neo mt
khong bng b rng tm bn neo hoc bng mt na chiu di ca vu neo hoc
sn gia c hoc sn gia c . Nu c th c th trng tm ca ct thp ny phi trng
vi trc ca b thp . i vi vu neo hoc sn gia c . phi b tr ct thp trong mt
ct st vi mt ct ca bn cnh hoc bng c t vu neo hoc sn gia c .
5.10.9.3.4c Ct thp ca vu neo hoc sn gia c .

Cn phi t ct thp sut ton b vu neo ,hoc sn gia c theo yu cu chu
ma st ct, lc mt tha , lc n ra v lc chuyn hng do cong ca b thp .Cc ct
thp ny phi ko di cng xa cng tt vo cnh hoc cnh hoc bng dm v c
pht trin bng cc mc tiu chun un xung quanh cc thanh thp nhanh hoc tng
ng. Khong cch ct thp khng c vt qu tr s nh nht ca hoc chiu cao
vu neo hoc chiu cao sn gia c ch neo hoc chiu rng vu neo hoc
150mm.
Phi t thp chu un cc b trong vu neo v sn gia c do s lch tm ca b
thp gy ra v chng un ngang sn gia c do cc lc chuyn hng ca b thp .
Phi t ct thp chu cc lc cng do s truyn lc t vu neo hoc sn gia c
vo ton b kt cu theo iu 5.10.9.3.2.
5.10.9.3.5. Cc vch ngn

i vi cc b cp c neo trong vch ngn th ng sut nn ca b tng phi c gii hn
trong phm vi vch ngn theo ch dn ca iu 5.10.9.3.2. Cc ng sut nn cng phi
c tnh ton ch chuyn tip t vch ngn sang bng v cnh ca c kin .
Phi t ct thp m bo truyn hon ton ti trng neo ca vch ngn v bng
dm . Phi kim tra cc yu cu v ct thp chu ma st ct gia vch ngn v bng
dm cng nh gia vch ngn v cc cnh dm .
Cng phi t ct thp ging no cc lc truyn hng do cong ca b thp .
5.10.9.3.6. Nhiu neo bn

Tr trng hp c tnh ton chi tit hn ,phi t lng ct thp ti thiu theo ch
dn y chu lc n ngang v lc ko mp .
Phi t ct thp chu lc n ngang .Cc ct thp ny phi c neo st vo cc
mt ca bn bng cc mc un tiu chun un xung quanh cc ct ngang hoc tng
ng. Lng ct thp ti thiu phi l hai thanh N 0 10 cho mi im neo vi khong cch
bng 1,5 ln chiu dy bn pha trc neo .
Phi t ct thp chu cc lc ko mp . Ti gia ch neo v lc n ngang T 2
ng trc neo . Ct thp chu ko mp phi t ngay trc cc neo v phi ging
mt cch c hiu qu cc neo cnh nhau .Ct thp chng n ngang phi phn b
sut chiu di ca cc vng neo .
a
T1 = 0,10 Pu 1
s
AASHTO cu ng b
(5.10.9.3.6-1)

(5.10.9.3.6-2)
T1 = 0,20 Pu 1
s
T1=
Lc ko mp (N)
T2 =
Lc n ngang (N)
Pu =
Ti trng tnh ton b b thp trn mt neo n l (n)
a =
B rng ca bn neo
s =
khong cch gia cc neo (mm)
i vi cc neo bn vi khong cch mp nh hn hai ln chiu rng bn neo , hoc

mt ln chiu rng bn mt cu ct thp chu ko mp phi c tnh ton cho
chu 25% ti trng tnh ton ca b thp . Ct thp ny phi c dng kp tc v phi
c phn b trong phm vi mt chiu rng ca bn neo ng trc neo . Chn ca cc
ct thp phi ko di t mp bn dm vt qua neo lin k nhng khng nh hn mt
khong bng 5 ln chiu rng bn neo cng thm chiu di khai trin .
5.10.9.3.7. Cc yn i hng
Cn phi dng m hnh chng v ging hoc dng cc phng php da vo cc kt
qu th nghim thit k cho yn i hng .
5.10.9.4.
chung
p dng m hnh chng v ging thit k vng
5.10.9.4.1. Tng qut

Dng lc trong vng neo c th c lm cho gn ng bng m hnh chng v ging
nh qui nh trong i 5.6.3.
Tt c cc lc tc ng ln vng neo phi c xem xt n trong la chn m hnh
chng v ging ,chng cn i theo ng ti trng t cc neo n cui vng neo .
5.10.9.4.2. Cc nt
Cc vng cc b phi tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 5.10.9.7 c th c coi l cu to
ng n v l nhng nt y . Cc nt khc trong vng neo c th c coi l y
nu cc ng sut b tng c hiu trong cc thanh chng tho mn cc yu cu ca
iu 5.10.9.4.3 v cc ging ko c cu to pht trin cng chy y ca
ct thp .
5.10.9.4.3. Cc thanh chng

ng sut nn tnh ton khng c vt qu gii hn qui nh trong iu 5.10.9.3.1.
Trong cc vng neo , mt ct nguy him i vi thanh chng chu nn thng c th
ly giao din vi vng nt cc b. Nu cc thit b neo c bit c dng , mt ct
nguy him ca thanh chng c th ly mt ct m ko di ra n ct trc ca b
AASHTO cu ng b

thp su bng ga tr nh hn chiu su ca ct thp kim ch cc b hoc
kch thc ngang ca thit b neo.
Vi cc b phn mng, kch thc ca thanh chng theo chiu dy ca b phn c th
ly gn ng bng cc gi thuyt l chiu dy thanh chng chu nn thay i tuyn
tnh t kch thc ngang theo chiu ngang ca neo b mt b tng n tng chiu
dy mt ct su bng chiu dy mt ct .
Cc ng sut nn cn gi nh tc ng song song vi trc ca thanh chng v c
phn b u trn mt ct ngang ca n .
5.10.9.4.4. Cc ging
Cc ging gm c ct thp khng ng sut trc hoc thp ng sut trc phi chu
ton b lc ko .
Cc ging phi ko qua cc nt pht trin lc ko y nt. S ct thp
phi theo st cc ng lc thc t ca ging v c gi nh trong m hnh chng v
ging .
5.10.9.5.
Phn tch ng sut n hi
Cc phn tch da trn cc tnh cht vt liu n hi, cn bng lc v ti trng v

tnh tng thch ca ng bin c th c dng phn tch v thit k vng neo.
Nu cc ng sut nn trong b tng pha trc ca thit b neo c xc nh t mt
phn tch n hi th cc ng sut cc b c th ly bnh qun trn din tch bng
din tch p ta ca thit b neo.
5.10.9.6.
Cc phn tch ng sut v thit k gn ng
5.10.9.6.1. Cc gii hn p dng

Cc ng sut nn ca b tng pha trc thit b neo, v tr v ln ca lc n ra
v cc lc ko mp c th tnh bng cch dng cc phng trnh 5.10.9.6.2-1v
5.10.9.6.3-2 min l:
B phn c mt ct ngang hnh ch nht v chiu di pht trin c no khng

nh hn kch thc ngang ln hn ca mt ct ngang ,
B phn khng c cc gin on trong hoc trc vng neo
C ly nh nht ca neo trong mt phng chnh ca b phn khong nh hn

1,5 ln kch thc ngang tng ng aca thit b neo
Ch c mt b phn neo hoc mt nhm cc b phn neo t st nhau c

t trong vng neo
V gc nghing ca b thp nh ch ra trong cc phng trnh 5.10.9.6.2-1v

5.10.9.6.3-2 l nm gia 5.00 v 200
5.10.9.6.2. Cc ng sut nn
ng sut nn ca b tng fca pha trc thit b neo khng c vt qu:
AASHTO cu ng b
f ca =
0,6 Pu K
1 1
Ab (1 + c )

b
df t
(5.10.9.6.2-1)
trong :
nu a s 2an th
s
K =1 + 2
a
eff
0,3 + n
15
Nu s 2aeff th : K=1
(5.10.9.6.2-2)
(5.10.9.6.2-3)
y:
K
=
H s iu chnh cho cc neo t st nhau
aeff
=
Kch thc ngang ca din tch p ta c hiu c o song song
vi kch thc ln hn ca mt ct ngang (mm).
beff
=
Kch thc ngang ca din tch p ta c hiu c o song song
vi kch thc nh hn ca mt ct ngang (mm).
pu
=
Lc b thp tnh ton (N)
t
=
Chiu dy c kin (mm)
s
=
C ly tim n tim cc neo(mm)
n
=
Phm vi theo chiu dc ca ct thp kim ch ca vng cc b
khng ln hn gi tr ln hn trong 1.15aeff hoc beff (mm)
Ab
=
Din tch p ta c hiu (mm2)
Din tch p ta c hiu Ab trong phng trnh 1 phi ly bng gi tr ln nht trong hai
gi tr din tch bn m neo A Plate hoc din tch p ta ca phn b tng b kim
ch trong vng cc b Aconf theo cc gii hn di y :
Nu l APlate phi khng ch th ly APlate khng ln hn 4/Aconf
Nu Aconf khng ch th gi tr ln nht ca A conf khng c ly qu hai ln gi

tr ln nht ca APlate hoc ba ln kch thc nh nht ca APlate
Nu vi phm bt c gii no trong cc gii hn th din tch p ta c hiu A b phi cn

c vo APlate.
Phi khu tr din tch ca ng bc Ab.
Nu nhm neo c t cnh nhau theo c hai hng th phi nhn vi h s iu K cho
mi hng , nh qui nh trong phng trnh 1 .
5.10.9.6.3. Cc lc n ra
Cc lc n ra trong vng neo Tburst c th ly bng :
AASHTO cu ng b
Tburst = 0,25Pu 1 + 0,5 ( Pu sin )

h
(5.9.10.6.3-1)
V tr ca lc n ra dburst c th ly bng :
dburst= 0,5(h-2e) + 5e sin
(5.9.10.6.3-2)
y:
Tburst =
Lc cng trong vng neo tc ng pha trc thit b neo v i ngang qua
trc b thp (N)
Pu =
Lc b thp tnh ton (N)
dburst
C ly t thit b neo n trng tm ca lc n ra Tburst(mm)
a = Kch thc ngang cc thit b neo hoc nhm thit b neo trn hng xem xt
(mm)
e = lch tm ca thit b neo hoc nhm thit b neo i vi trng tm ca
mt ct ngang lun lun ly l dng (mm)
h =
Kch thc ngang ca mt ct ngang trn hng xem xt (mm)
= Gc nghing ca lc b thp ly theo tim ca b phn l dng i vi b thp

ng tm hoc lc neo hng vo trng tm mt ct, l m nu lc neo hng ra ngoi
trng tm mt ct.
5.10.9.7.
k vng cc b
5.10.9.7.1. Cc kch thc vng cc b

ni hoc l:
Nh sn xut khng a ra cc kin ngh v c ly mp,
Hoc nh sn xut c kin ngh v c ly mp, nhng chng khng c kim tra
mt cch c lp
Cc kch thc ngang ca vng cc b trn mi hng phi ly tr s ln hn ca:
Kch thc bn ta tng ng, cng hai ln ti thiu bng b tng c yu cu

cho vic p dng ring v mi trng.
V kch thc bn ngoi ca bt k ct thp kim ch c yu cu no, cng vi

lp bo v b tng c yu cu trn ct thp kim ch cho vic p dng ring v
mi trng.
Lp bo v yu cu i vi chng g phi ly nh quy nh trong iu 5.12.3
AASHTO cu ng b

Khi nh sn xut c kin ngh v lp bo v ti thiu, c ly v cc c ly mp cho thit
b neo ring bit c sn, v khi nhng thit b ny c kim tra mt cch c lp, cc
kch thc ngang ca vng cc b trn mi hng phi ly tr s nh hn ca:
Hai ln c ly mp quy nh bi nh cung cp thit b neo.
V c ly tim-n-tim cc neo c quy nh bi nh cung cp neo.
Cc kin ngh i vi khong cch v c ly mp ca cc neo do nh sn xut cung cp

phi c xem nh gi tr ti thiu.
Chiu di vng cc b dc theo trc b thp khng c ly nh hn:
Chiu rng ti a ca vng neo.
Chiu di ca ct thp kim ch thit b neo.
Hoc vi cc thit b neo c chiu mt ta, c ly mt b tng chu ti n

y ca mi mt ta cng thm kch thc ln nht ca b mt ta .
Chiu di ca vng cc b khng c ly ln hn 1.5 ln chiu rng ca vng cc b.
5.10.9.7.2. Sc khng p ta
Cc thit b neo thng thng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu quy nh trong iu ny. Cc
thit b neo c bit phi ph hp vi cc yu cu quy nh trong iu 5.10.9.7.3.
Khi ct thp vng chung m bo tho mn iu 5.10.9.3.2 v phm vi phn b tng dc
theo trc ca b thp trc thit b neo t nht bng 2 ln chiu di ca vng cc b xc
nh theo iu 5.10.9.7.1 th sc khng p ta tnh ton ca neo ly nh sau
Pf = fn Ab
(5.10.9.7.2-1)
Trong fn l tr s nh hn ca:
f n = 0.7 f ci'
A
Ag
(5.10.9.7.2-2)
fn =2.25 f'ci
(5.10.9.7.2-3)
y:
=
H s sc khng qui nh trong iu 5.5.4.2.
A = Din tch ti a ca phn b mt , ging vi din tch chu ti v ng

tm vi n v khng ln ln din tch tng t ca thit b neo bn cnh ( mm2)
Ag
=
(mm2)
Tng din tch ca bn c tnh ph hp vi cc yu cu ca dy
Ab = Din tch thc c hiu ca bn ta c tnh bng din tch A g tr din tch
cc l khot trong bn ta (mm2)
AASHTO cu ng b

'
f ci =
Cng danh nh cc b tng thi im t lc b thp (MPa)
C th dng ton b din tch bn ta cho A g v tnh Ab nu vt liu bn

khng chy lc b thp tnh ton v mnh ca bn ta n/t khng vt qu:
E
0.08 b
fb
33
(5.10.9.7.2-4)
y :
t = Chiu di bnh qun ca bn ta (mm)
Eb = M un n hi ca vt liu bn ta (MPa)
fb = ng sut trong bn neo mt ct ly mp ca l nm hoc cc l (MPa)
n = Phn hng ca bn y pha ngoi l nm hoc bn nm khi ph hp (mm)
Vi cc neo c bn nm ring, n c th ly bng c ly ln nht t mp ngoi ca bn nm
n mp ngoi ca bn . Vi cc bn hnh ch nht ny phi ly song song vi cc
ca bn . Nu neo khng c bn ring, n c th ly bng phn hng pha ngoi chu
vi ngoi ca nhm l hng xem xt.
Vi cc bn khng tho mn mnh yu cu quy nh y tng din tch
ta c hiu Ag phi ly bng:
i vi cc neo c bn nm ring:
Din tch v mt hnh hc tng ng vi bn nm vi cc kch thc c tng thm 2 ln

chiu dy bn ta.
i vi cc neo khng c bn nm ring:
Din tch v mt hnh hc tng ng vi cc l ngoi ca cc l nm vi kch thc tng

thm 2 ln chiu dy bn ta.
5.10.9.7.3. Cc thit b neo c bit

C th dng cc thit b neo c bit khng tho mn cc yu cu quy nh trong
iu 5.10.9.7.2, min l chng c th bi mt c quan th nghim c lp c k s
chp nhn v p ng cc tiu chun nghim thu quy nh trong iu 10.2.2.3 ca
Tiu chun thi cng cu AASHTO.
Phi th hin trn cc bn v thi cng chi tit cho cng vic ko sau cc ct thp vng
neo cc b v chng c cung cp nh l mt phn thuc vt t ca h thng ko sau.
S iu chnh ct thp trong vng chung chu ko do ct thp c cung cp nh l
mt phn thuc vt t ca h thng ko sau c th c xem xt nh l mt phn ca
qu trnh duyt bn v thi cng. K s cn c trch nhim i vi thit k ct thp vng
neo chung.
i vi mt l sn phm thit b neo chuyn dng cng loi, c th ch cn th nghim
vi cc mu i din. Tr khi k s yu cu th nghim v kh nng chu ti ca cc neo
trong mi l sn phm.
AASHTO cu ng b
5.10.10.
Cc vng neo ko trc
5.10.10.1.
Sc khng n tnh ton
Sc khng n tnh ton ca vng neo ko trc c cung cp bi ct thp ngang u

dm ko trc phi c ly bng:
Pf =fg Ag
(5.10.10.1-1)
Trong :
fg = ng sut trong thp khng qu 140MPa.
Ag = Din tch tng cng ca ct thp thng ng b tr khong cch h/5 tnh t
u dm (mm2)
h =C hiu cao ton b ca cu kin c sn (mm)
Sc khng khng c nh hn 4% lc ng sut trc khi truyn. Phi b tr ct thp
thng ng u dm cng st mt dm cng tt trong chng mc c th.
5.10.10.2.
ct thp b gi
Ct thp phi c t b cc tao thp ng sut trc di cnh dm, khng phi
dm hp, khong cch 1.5 d tnh t u dm. Ct thp l cc thanh thp c g, khng
c nh hn N010 vi c ly khng vt qu 150mm v c to hnh bc cc tao thp
ng sut trc.
i vi dm hp, ct thp ngang phi c t v neo bng cch ko di cc chn ct
ai ln bng dm.
5.10.11.
Cc quy nh cho thit k ng t.
5.10.11.1.
tng qut
Cc quy nh ca cc iu ny ch phi p dng cho trng thi gii hn c bit.

Ngoi cc yu cu c quy nh trong iu 5.10 ct thp cn phi ph hp vi cc quy
nh v sc khng ng t c quy nh y.
Phi p dng cc yu cu chuyn v quy nh trong iu 4.7.4.4 hoc cc thit b
cn dc quy nh trong iu 3.10.9.5.
Cc cu nm trong vng ng t 3 v 4 phi tho mn cc yu cu trong iu
5.10.11.3 cho vng ng t 2 v cc yu cu quy nh trong iu 5.10.11.4 cho vng
ng t 3 v 4
5.10.11.2.
vng ng t 1
Khng xt lc ng t i vi vic thit k cc cu kin, tr vic thit k lin kt

ca cc cu phn trn vi kt cu phn di c quy nh trong iu 3.10.9.2
AASHTO cu ng b
5.10.11.3.
vng ng t 2
Cc yu cu v ct thp ngang nh v chn ct phi nh quy nh cc iu

5.10.11.4.1(d) v 5.10.11.4.1(e)
5.10.11.4.
5.10.11.4.1.
vng ng t 3 v 4
Cc yu cu i vi ct
V mc ch ca iu ny mt b ng c coi l ct nu t l gia chiu cao

tnh trn kch thc mt phng ln nht ca b khng nh hn 2.5. i vi ct loe
kch thc mt phng ln nht phi ly mt ct lc nh nht. i vi b m t l
nh hn 2.5 phi p dng cc quy nh i vi tr ca iu 5.10.11.4.2.
Mt tr c th c thit k nh mt tr hng kho ca n v nh mt ct hng yu.
5.10.11.4.1a
Ct thp dc
Din tch ct thp dc khng c nh hn 0.01 hoc ln hn 0.06 ln din tch mt

ct ngang nguyn Ag.
5.10.11.4.1b
Sc khng un
Cng hai trc ca ct khng c nh hn tr s yu cu do un nh quy nh trong

iu 3.10.9.4. Ct phi c kho st i vi c 2 trng hp ti trng cc hn trng thi gii
hn c bit nh quy nh trong iu 3.10.8. Cc h s sc khng ca iu 5.5.4.2
phi c thay bng gi tr 0.50 cho c hai loi ct thp xon v ct thp ai khi ti
trng trc cc tr tnh ton ca ct vt qu 0,20f'cAg tr s c th c tng tuyn tnh
t 0.50 n 0.90 khi ti trng trc cc tr tnh ton nm gia 0,20f 'cAg v 0,0
5.10.11.4.1c Lc ct ca ct v ct thp ngang

Lc ct tnh ton Vc trn mi trc chnh ca ct v h cc phi nh quy nh trong
iu 3.10.9.4.
S lng ct thp ngang khng c t hn quy nh trong iu 5.8.3
Cc quy nh sau y p dng cho vng cui ca nh v chn ct v b cc:
Phi ly gi tr Vc trong vng u dm theo quy nh ca iu 5.8.3 vi iu

kin l lc nn dc trc tnh ton nh nht vt qu 0,20f'cA . i vi cc lc nn
nh hn 0,01f'cAg th phi ly gi tr V c theo t l tuyn tnh bt u t gi tr
theo quy nh ca iu 5.8.3 cho n 0.0 ng vi lc nn bng 0.
Vng cui phi c gi nh ko di t mt di ca dm hoc dm m nh

ct, hoc nh mng chn ct, mt c ly ly tr s ln hn ca:
Kch thc mt ct ngang ln nht ca ct
1/6 chiu cao ca ct
hoc 450mm.
Vng cui nh m cc phi ly nh quy nh cho ct, y b cc cui phi

xt di t 3 ln ng knh cc di im tnh ton m men ln nht n mt
ln ng knh cc, nhng khng t hn 450mm tnh t mt t.
AASHTO cu ng b
5.10.11.4.1d Ct thp ngang b cc khp do

Li ct v b cc phi c b li bng ct thp ngang cc vng c th pht sinh khp
do. Ct thp b ngang phi c gii hn chy khng ln hn ca cc ct thp dc vi c ly
phi c ly theo quy nh trong iu 5.10.11.4.1e.
i vi ct trn, t l th tch ca ct thp xon P b khng c t hn hoc quy nh
trong iu 5.7.4.6 hoc:
Pb = 0.12
f c'
fy
(5.10.11.4.1d-1)
Trong :
fc' = Cng nn quy nh ca b tng 28 ngy tr khi c quy nh tui 28
ngy (MPa)
fy =
Cng chy ca cc thanh ct thp (MPa).
Trong vng khp do cc mi ni trong ct xon phi c lm bng cc mi ni hn hon

ton hoc bng lin kt c hon ton.
i vi ct ch nht tng din tch mt ct nguyn A sh ca cc thp ai ch nht
khng c t hn hoc:
Ash = 0.30 shc
f c' Ag
1
f y Ac
(5.10.11.4.1d-2)
Hoc
Ash
f c'
= 0.12 shc
fy
(5.10.11.4.1d-3)
hc = Kch thc li ca ct c ai theo chiu ang xt

y:
s = C ly ng ca cc thp ai khng vt qu 100mm(mm)
Ac = Din tch li ct (mm2)
Ag = Din tch nguyn ca ct (mm2)
Ash
=Tng din tch mt ct ngang ca ct thp bao gm cc ct ging ngang
ph c c ly ng "s" v i qua mt ct c kch thc li hc (mm2)
fy =Gii hn chy ca ct ging hoc ct xon (MPa).
hc = Kch thc li ca ct ai theo chiu ang xt (mm)
Ash Phi c xc nh cho c hai hng chnh ca ct ch nht v phi dng gi tr ln
hn.
AASHTO cu ng b

Ct thp ai ngang c th c lm bng ai n hoc ai chng. C th dng cc
ging ngang c kch thc thanh nh ai. Mi u ging ngang phi mc vo mt thanh
ct thp dc ngoi vi. Tt c cc ging ngang phi c mc ng t nh quy nh trong
iu 5.10.2.2.
Ct thp ngang no tho mn cc yu cu di y phi xem l ct ai ging- ch thp.
Phi l thanh lin tc c mc khng nh hn 135 0 v c trin khai khng nh

hn 6 ln ng knh ng thi khng t hn 75mm mt u v phi c mt
mc khng nh hn 90 0 v c trin khai khng nh hn 6 ln ng knh
u kia.
Cc mc phi m vo cc thanh dc b tr theo chu vi.
Cc mc 900 ca 2 thanh ging- ch thp t lin tip m cng m vo cc thanh

dc phi c b tr xen k tr u ui.
Cc thanh ngang no tho mn cc yu cu di y phi xem l mt ai kn

(vng)
Phi l ai kn hay ai vng lin tc.
C th lm thnh ai kn bng mt s on ct thp c mc 135 o vi on ko

di bng 6 ln ng knh nhng khng t hn 75mm mi u.
Mt thanh ai vng lin tc phi c mi u mt mc 135 0 vi on ko di

bng 6 ln ng knh nhng khng t hn 75mm m vo ct thp dc
5.10.11.4.1e C ly ct thp ngang b

Ct thp ngang b phi:
c lm nh v chn ct trn chiu di khng t hn tr s ln nht ca cc

kch thc mt ct ngang ct ln nht, 1/6 chiu cao tnh ca ct hoc 450mm.
Ko di vo cc lin kt nh v chn nh quy nh trong iu 5.10.11.4.3.
c lm nh cc trong b cc trn cng chiu di nh quy nh cho ct.
c lm trong cc cc ca b cc trn chiu di kch thc 3 ln mt ct ngang

ln nht di im m men ngm tnh ton n mt c ly khng t hn kch
thc mt ct ngang ln nht hoc 450mm trn mt t.
V c t cch nhau khng qu 1/4 kch thc nh nht ca b phn, 6 ln ng knh ct thp dc hoc 105mm tnh t tim
5.10.11.4.1f Mi ni
Thit k cc mi ni phi theo ng quy nh trong iu 5.11.5.
Ch c php ni trng ct thp dc trong phn gia chiu cao ct trn on di bng
na chiu cao ct v chiu di ni khng nh hn 400mm hoc bng 60 ln ng
knh thanh.
Khong cch ca cc ct thp ngang trn chiu di mi ni khng vt qu 100mm hoc
1/4 kch thc cu kin nh nht.
AASHTO cu ng b

Cc mi ni lin kt hn hon ton hoc c kh hon ton, ph hp vi iu 5.11.5 c
th chp nhn s dng min l trong mi lp ct thp dc ti mt ct ni cc thanh so
le nhau v khong cch cc mi ni ca cc thanh k nhau ln hn 600mm o theo trc
dc ca ct
5.10.11.4.2.
Yu cu i vi tr-dng -tng
Cc quy nh c quy nh y phi s dng thit k tr theo phng kho. Phng yu ca ct c th thit k theo nh l ct bng cch theo ng quy nh ca i
5.10.11.4.1 vi h s iu chnh phn ng i vi ct dng xc nh cc lc thit
k. Nu tr khng thit k nh l mt ct trong phng yu ca tr, phi s dng cc hn
ch i vi sc khng ct tnh ton c quy nh y.
T l ct thp nh nht theo c hai hng nm ngang ph v thng ng pvt trong bt k
tr no khng c nh hn 0,0025. T l ct thp thng ng khng c nh hn t l
ct thp nm ngang.
Khong cch ct thp hoc theo thng ng hoc theo phng ngang khng c vt
qu 450mm. Ct thp chu ct cn phi l lin tc v phi phn b ng u.
Sc khng ct tnh ton Vf tr phi ly s nh hn ca cc phng trnh sau:
Vr = 0.66
f c' bd
(5.10.11.4.2-1)
v
Vr =Vn
Trong :
Vn = 0,165
(5.10.11.4.2-2)
f c' + Ph f y bd
(5.10.11.4.2-3)
Cc lp ct thp thng ng v nm ngang nn b tr trn tng mt ca tr. Cc mi

ni ct thp nm ngang phi t so le v cc mi ni trong trng hp c 2 lp ct thp
khng c c trn cng mt v tr.
5.10.11.4.3.
Lin kt ct
Lc thit k ni ct vi dm m kt cu phn trn, m cc hoc mng m

rng phi tun theo quy nh trong iu 3.10.9.4.3. Chiu di trin khai i vi tt c
thp dc bng 1,25 ln chiu di trin khai ct thp c yu cu t cng chy
hon ton nh quy nh trong iu 5.11.
Ct thp ngang ca ct , nh quy nh trong iu 5.10.11.4.1d phi l lin tc trn
mt on di khng nh hn 1/2 kch thc ct ln nht, hoc bng 380 mm tnh t
mt ni ct vo trong b phn k bn.
Sc khng ct danh nh truyn cho b tng trong mi ni khung hoc un cong
theo phng ang xem xt phi khng vt:
i vi b tng ct liu t trng thng thng:
AASHTO cu ng b

Vn =1,0bd
(5.10.11.4.3-1)
f c'
v
i vi b tng ct liu t trng nh:
Vn = 0,75bd
5.10.11.4.4.
(5.10.11.4.3-2)
f c'
Cc mi ni thi cng tr v ct
Khi lc ct c chng ti mi ni thi cng mt cch c nht bng tc ng cht v

ma st b mt b tng g g, sc khng danh nh i qua mi ni V n phi ly theo:
Vn=(Artfy+0,75Pu)
(5.10.11.4.4-1)
Trong :
Art =
Tng din tch ct thp, bao gm ct thp chu un (mm 2)
Pu = Ti trng dc trc tnh ton nh nht c quy nh trong iu 3.10.9.4 cho ct

v tr (N)
5.10.12.
Ct thp cc cu kin chu nn c tit din ch nht rng
5.10.12.1.
tng qut
Din tch ct thp dc mt ct ngang khng c nh hn 0,01 ln din tch

nguyn ca b tng.
Phi t hai lp thp cho mi vch ca mt ct ngang mt lp gn mi mt ca vch.
Din tch ct thp hai lp phi xp x bng nhau.
5.10.12.2.
khong cch ct thp
Khong cch ngang t tim n tim ca cc thanh ct thp dc khng c ln hn s nh

hn ca 1,5 ln b dy vch hoc 450mm
Khong cch dc t tim n tim ca cc thanh ct thp ngang khng c ln hn tr s
nh hn ca 1,25 ln b dy vch hoc 300 mm.
5.10.12.3.
ging
Cn phi b tr cc ging ngang gia cc lp ct thp mi vch. Cc thanh ging phi

c mc tiu chun 135 0 mt u mc tiu chun 90 0 u kia. Cc thanh ging phi
c t giao im ca li ct thp v cc mc ca tt c cc thanh ging phi m
vng cc ct thp c ngang ln dc cc giao im. Mi thanh ct thp dc v mi
thanh ct thp ngang phi c m vng trong mc ca mt thanh ging vi khong cch
khng vt qu 600 mm.
i vi cc cu kin c xy dng phn on cn phi t thm cc thanh ging dc
thoe mp trn v mp di ca mi phn on. Phi t cc thanh ging sao cho n c
AASHTO cu ng b

th ni c cc im cui ca tng i ct thp dc mt trong v mt ngoi cu
mt ct ngang.
5.10.12.4.
cc mi ni
Cc thanh ct ngang c th c ni cc gc ca mt ct ngang bng on ni chng

on un 900. Khng cho php dng mi ni chng thng cho cc thanh ct thp ngang
tr trng hp thanh ni chng c cc mc m vng trong sut chiu di ni vi t nht
bn thanh ging nm cc giao im ca cc thanh ngang v thanh dc.
5.10.12.5.
ct ai vng
Trong trng hp c th cu to c, phi b tr cc ai vng kn m ly cc thanh ct

dc cc gc ca tit din ngang. Nu khng t c cc ct ai vng kn th c th
dng cc cp thanh hnh ch U c chn di t nht bng 2 ln chiu dy vch v t
vung gc 900 vi nhau.
Cc ng bc cng sau nm cc gc ca mt ct ngang phi c neo vo trong vng
gc bng cc ai vng kn c on cong 90 0 mi u m vng t nht mt ct
thp dc gn mt pha ngoi ca mt ct ngang.
5.11. trin khai v mi ni ct thp

5.11.1.
Tng qut
5.11.1.1.
yu cu c bn
Cc hiu ng lc tnh ton trong ct thp li mi mt ct phi trin khai v pha ca

mt ct bng chiu di ngm, mc hoc cc linh kin c kh hoc mt t hp
cc loi ny. c th dng cc mc v cc neo c kh trong vic trin khai cc thanh ch
chu ko.
5.11.1.2.
trin khai ct thp chu un
5.11.1.2.1. Tng qut

Cc mt ct nguy him i vi vic trin khai ct thp chu un cc cu kin chu
un phi c ly ti cc im c ng sut ln nht v ti cc im nm bn trong khu
m ct thp k bn kt thc hoc c un ln.
Ngoi tr ti cc im gi ca cc nhp n gin v ti cc nt u dm hng, ct thp
phi c ko di ra xa im m ti khng c yu cu ct thp di hn chng li
s un, vi mt chiu di khng nh hn:
Chu cao c hiu ca cu kin
15 ln ng knh thanh danh nh, hoc
1/20 ln nhp tnh
Ct thp phi tip tc ko di mt chiu di khng nh hn chiu di trin khai, d, c quy nh trong iu 5.11.2, ra xa c im m ct thp chu un c un
ln hoc kt thc o
Khng cn thit phi di hn na chu un.
AASHTO cu ng b

Khng c kt thc nhiu hn 50% s ct thp ti bt k mt ct no, v cc thanh
k nhau khng c trong cng mt ct.
Ct thp chu ko cng c th khai trin bng cch un qua thn dm m trong
ct thp nm v kt thc trong vng chu nn bng b tr chiu di trin khai d ti
mt ct thit k, hoc bng cch lm cho n lin tc vi ct thp trn mt i din
ca cu kin.
Phi b tr cc neo b sung cho ct thp chu ko ca cu kin chu un lc
trong ct thp khng t ln thun vi m men tnh ton nh sau:
Vc mng nghing, nh bc hoc vut thon u.
Cc dm hng ngn
Cc cu kin chu un cao hoc
Ct thp chu ko trong cu kin khng song song vi mt chu nn.
5.11.1.2.2. Ct thp chu m men dng

t nht mt phn ba ct thp chu mmen dng trong cc thnh phn nhp gin n
v 1/4 ct thp chu mmen dng trong cc b phn lin tc phi ko di dc theo cng
mt mt ca b phn qua ng tim gi, cc dm, ct thp phi ko di xa gi t
nht 150 mm.
5.11.1.2.3. Ct thp chu mmen m

t nht 1/3 tng ct thp chu ko c b tr chu mmen m ti gi phi c
chiu di ngm cch xa im un khng nh hn:
Chiu cao c hiu ca cu kin
12 ln ng knh thanh danh nh, v
0,0625 ln chiu di nhp tnh.
5.11.1.2.4. Mi ni chu m men

Ct thp chu un trong cc cu kin lin tc, b kim ch hoc hng hoc bt k
cu kin no ca khung cng phi c cu to to tnh lin tc ca ct thp ti cc
ch gp nhau vi cc cu kin khc sao cho pht trin c sc khng m men danh
nh ca mi ni.
Trong cc vng ng t 3 v 4 cc mi ni phi c cu to chu cc mmen v cc
lc ct do cc ti trng nm ngang truyn qua mi ni.
5.11.2.
Trin khai ct thp
5.11.2.1.
cc thanh c g v si thp c g chu ko
5.11.2.1.1. Chiu di trin khai ct thp ko

Chiu di trin khai ct thp ko d phi khng c nh hn tch s chiu di trin
khai ct thp ko c bn db c quy nh y, nhn vi cc h s hoc h s
iu chnh nh c quy nh trong iu 5.11.2.1.2 v 5.11.2.1.3.Chiu di trin khai
AASHTO cu ng b

ct thp ko khng c nh hn 300 mm, tr khi dng mi ni chng quy nh trong
iu 5.11.5.3.1 v trong vic trin khai ct thp chng ct theo quy nh trong iu
5.11.2.6.
Chiu di trin khai ct thp ko c bn,
Vi thanh No36 v nh hn ..
0,02 Ab f y
f c'
Vi si c g:..................
theo mm, phi ly nh sau:
.Nhng khng nh hn ...
0,06dbfy.
25 f y
i vi cc thanh No43...............
i vi thanh No57 ...................
db
f c'
34 f y
f c'
0,36d b f y
f c'
Trong :
Ab = Din tch ca thanh hoc si (mm2)
fy = Cmg chy c quy nh ca cc thanh ct thp (MPa)
fc' = Cng chu nn ca b tng tui 28 ngy, tr khi c tui khc c quy nh
(MPa)
db = ng knh thanh hoc si (mm)
5.11.2.1.2. H s iu chnh lm tng

Chiu di trin khai c bn,
l thch hp:
db
, phi phn vi h s sau y hoc cc h s c coi
Ct thp nm ngang nh hoc gn nh c t sao cho trn 300 mm b

tng ti c c bn di ct thp ..........................................1,4
Vi cc thanh c lp bo v db hoc t hn hoc vi
Khong cch tnh 2db hoc t hn .....................................2,0
i vi b tng nh fcf (MPa) c quy nh .............
i vi b tng nh khng quy nh i vi fcf......................1.3
i vi b tng t trng ct thp quy nh f cf .........................1,2
0,58 f c'
1,0
f ct
C th dng ni suy tuyn tnh gia cc iu khon ca "t trng thp" v "t trngct-thp" khi thay th tng phn ct.
AASHTO cu ng b

i vi cc thanh c bc pxy vi lp ph nh hn 3db hoc
Vi khong cch tnh gia cc thanh nh hn 6d b .................1,5
i vi cc thanh bc pxy khng c lp ph trn ..................1,2
Tch s nhn c khi t hp h s i vi ct thp nh vi h s thch hp dng

cho cc thanh bc pxy khng cn ly hn 1,7.
H s iu chnh lm gim
Chiu di trin khai c bn db c thay i theo cc h s nh quy nh trong iu

5.11.2.1.2 c th c nhn vi cc h s sau y, trong :
Ct thp c pht trin v chiu di ang xem xt c t ngang cch nhau khng
nh hn 150 mm t tim ti tim vi lp bo v khng cn nh hn
75 mm o theo hng t thp........................................................0,8
Khng yu cu neo hoc khng cn tng cng ti chy hon ton ca ct thp,
hoc ni ct thp trong cc cu kin chu un vt yu
Acnthi
cu ca tnh ton ............................................................................
t
Agb tr
Ct thp b bc bn trong cc thanh xon c c ng knh khng nh hn 6mm v bc
xon khng nh hn 100 mm........................................................0,75
5.11.2.2.
thanh c g chu nn
5.11.2.2.1. Chiu di trin khai ct thp nn

Chiu di trin khai ct thp nn d i vi cc thanh c g khng c nh hn tch s
chiu di trin khai c bn theo quy nh y vi cc h s iu chnh thch hp
nh c quy nh trong iu 5.11.2.2.2 hoc 200 mm
Chiu di trin khai c bn
db =
db
0,24d b f y
f c'
= 0,044dbfy
db
i vi cc thanh g chu nn khng c nh hn:

Hoc
(5.11.2.2.1-1)
(5.11.2.2.1-2)
Trong :
fy = Cng chy quy nh ca thanh ct thp (MPa)
fc' = Cng chiu nn quy nh ca b tng tui 28 ngy, tr khi c quy nh v
tui khc (MPa)
db = ng knh thanh (mm)
AASHTO cu ng b
5.11.2.2.2. H s iu chnh
Chiu di c bn
db
c th c nhn vi cc h s thch hp khi:
Khng yu cu neo hoc pht trin cng chy y ca thanh ct thp hoc
ch s tng cng c b tr vt yu cu theo phn tch
...............................................................................................
. Agcn thit
Agb tr
Ct thp b bc bn trong cc thanh xon c c ng knh thanh khng nh hn 6mm

v bc xon khng nh hn 100 mm................................................0,75
5.11.2.3.
b thanh
Chiu di trin khai cc thanh n l bn trong mt b, chu ko hoc chu nn, phi
sao cho cc thanh n l trong b 3 thanh tng c 20% v b 4 thanh tng c 33%.
Trong vic xc nh cc h s quy nh trong iu 5.11.2.1.2 v 5.11.2.1.3 mt b
thanh phi c x l nh thanh n c ng knh c xc nh t tng din tch tng
ng.
5.11.2.4.
mc tiu chun chu ko
5.11.2.4.1. Chiu di trin khai thanh c bn

Chiu di trin khai c bn db theo mm i vi cc thanh c g chu ko, kt thc
bng mc tiu chn, c quy nh trong iu 5.10.2.1, khng nh hn:
Tch s ca chiu di trin khai c bn db theo quy nh trong Phng trnh 1 v h
s iu chnh thch hp hoc cc h s, nh c quy nh trong iu 5.11.2.4.2.
8 ln ng knh thanh, hoc
150 mm.
Chiu di trin khai c bn
400 MPa phi ly theo:
db =
hb
i vi thanh lm mc c cng chy fy khng vt qu
(5.11.2.4.1-1)
100d b
f c'
Trong :
fc' = Cng chu nn ca b tng quy nh tui 28 ngy trc khi c tui khc c
quy nh (MPa)
5.11.2.4.2. H s iu chnh
Chiu di trin khai mc c bn

s thch hp khi:
AASHTO cu ng b
hb
phi c nhn ra vi h s sau hoc cc h

fy
Ct thp c cng chy vt qu 400 Mpa...... .............................
lp ph bn i vi thanh No36 v nh hn, thng gc vi mt phng mc, khng

b hn 64mm, v i vi gc 90o, lp ph trn on thanko di qu mc
khng nh hn 50mm ........................................................................0,7
Cc mc s No36 v nhr hn c bc trong cc ging thng ng hoc nm

ngang hoc ging loi ct ai c t theo chiu di trin khai ton b dh vi
qung cch khng vt qu 3db ...............................................................0,8
Khng yu cu neo hoc pht trin cng chy y hoc khi ct thp c b tr qu yu cu phn tch..............................................Agcnthit)
400
(Agb tr)
S dng b tng nh ................................................ 1,3
Dng ct thp c bc pxy .................................. 1,2
5.11.2.4.3. Yu cu ging i vi thanh c mc

i vi thanh c trin khai bng mc tiu chun ti cc u khng lin tc ca cc cu
kin vi c hai lp ph bn cnh v trn nh hoc y nh hn 64 mm, thanh c mc
phi c bao trong cc thanh ging hoc ct ai t theo chiu di trin khai y
dh cch nhau khng qu 3d b nh ch ra trong Hnh 1 khng dng h s theo quy
nh iu 5.11.2.4.2 i vi ct thp hng ngang.
Hnh 5.11.2.4.3-1 Cc yu cu v ging i vi thanh c mc
AASHTO cu ng b
5.11.2.5.
Tm li si thp hn
5.11.2.5.1. Li si thp c g
Khi dng ct thp khng vi mc ch chng ct th chiu di trin khai
(mm) ca
li si hn c g tnh t im mt ct gii hn cho n u ca si thp hd
khng c nh hn 1 trong 2 gi tr di y:
Tch s ca chiu di khai trin c bn vi h s (hoc cc h s) iu chnh theo
quy nh ca iu 5.11.2.6, hoc
200 mm tr mi ni chng theo quy nh ca iu 5.11.2.6.
Phi ly chiu di khai trin ca ct thp chng ct theo quy nh ca iu 5.11.2.6.
Chiu di trin khai c bn ca tm li si thp hn c g, c khng t hn mt si thp
ngang trong chiu di trin khai t nht l 500mm tnh t mt ct nguy him, phi
khng qu:
hd = 0,36d b
f y 140
f c'
(5.11.2.5.1-1)
hoc.
hd
= 2,4
Aw f y
(5.11.2.5.1-2)
f c'
sw
trong :
Aw = Din tch ca mt si thp ring l c ni hoc c trin khai (mm2)
Sw = Khong cch cc si thp c ni hoc c trin khai (mm)
Chiu di trin khai c bn ca tm li si thp hn c g khng c cc si thp ngang
trong chiu di trin khai, phi xc nh nh i vi si thp c g, ph hp vi iu
5.11.2.1.1
5.11.2.5.2. Tm li si thp trn

Cng chy ca tm li si thp trn hn phi c xem xt tng bng cch ngm 2 si
thp ngang vi mt si thp ngang gn hn khng nh hn 50 mm tnh t im mt
ct nguy him, tuy nhin chiu di trin khai d c o t im mt ct nguy him ti
si thp ngang ngoi cng phi ly theo:
d = 3,24
Aw f y
sw
f c'
(5.11.2.5.2-1)
Phi thay i chiu di trin khai i vi cc ct thp vt qu yu cu theo phn tch

quy nh trong iu 5.11.2.1.2 v vi h s dng cho b tng t trng thp quy nh
theo iu 5.11.2.1.2 khi thch hp. Tuy nhin khng c ly ld t hn 150mm tr cc ni
chng quy nh theo iu 5.11.6.2
AASHTO cu ng b
5.11.2.6.
ct thp chng ct
5.11.2.6.1. Tng qut

Ct thp ai trong ng b tng phi tho mn cc quy nh trong iu 12.10.4.2.7 v
khng cn m bo cc quy nh y.
Ct thp chng ct phi c t tht st vi b mt cu kin theo cc yu cu v
ph v gn vi s cho php ca cc ct thp khc.
Gia cc u neo, mi ch un cong trong on lin ca ct ai n ch U hoc ct
ai nhiu nhnh U phi bao mt thanh dc.
5.11.2.6.2. Ni ct thp c g
Cc u ca trn n, U n gim, hoc cc ct ai nhiu nhnh ch U c neo nh
sau:
i vi thanh N016 v si MD200 v nh hn v i vi cc thanh N 019, N022 v

N025 c fy bng 275MPa hoch nh hn:
Mt mc tiu chun quanh ct thp dc, v
i vi cc ct ai N019, N022 v N025 c fy ln hn 275MPa:

Mt mc ai tiu chun quanh mt thanh dc, cng vi mt chiu di ngm gia im
gia chiu cao ca cu kinv u mc pha ngoi khng nh hn.
e =
0,17 d b f y
f
(5.11.2.6.2-1)
'
c
5.11.2.6.3. Neo ct thp tm li si thp

Mi chn ca tm li si thp trn to thnh cc ct ai U gin n phi c neo theo
cch:
Hai si thp dc t cch nhau 50 mm dc theo cu kin ti nh ct ai U,

hoc
Mt si thp dc c t tnh t mt chu nn khng ln hn d/4 v si thp

th hai t gn vi mt chu nn hn v t cch si thp th nht khng
nh hn 50 mm. Si thp th hai c th t trn chn ct ai xa im un,
hoc trn im un vi ng knh un v pha trong khng nh hn 8d b.
Trn mi u ca ct ai chn gin n cca tm li si thp c g hoc trn hn phi

b tr hai si thp dc t cch nhau t nht l 50 mm v si pha trong khng nh
hn d/4 hoc 50mm t na chiu cao cu ki. Si thp dc pha ngoi ti mt chu
ko khng c cao hn ct thp ch chu un st nht vi mt chu ko.
5.11.2.6.4. Cc ct ai kn
i vi cc cp ct ai: hay cc ai ging c b tr to thnh hnh kn phi c
cu to neo chc chn v c ni li vi chiu di on chng khng nh hn 1,7ld
trong ld l chiu di khai trin i vi thanh chu ko.
AASHTO cu ng b

Vi cc cu kin c chiu cao khng nh hn 450mm, cc mi ni ct ai kn chu lc
ko do cc ti trng tnh ton A bfy sinh ra khng vt qu 40000N cho mt chn c th
coi nh l nu cc chn ct ai ko di y trn chiu cao c hiu ca cu
kin.
5.11.3.
Trin khai neo c kh
Bt k thit b c kh no c th pht huy c cng ca ct thp m khng gy hi

cho b tng c th dng nh l mt neo. S lm vic ca cc neo c kh phi c hiu
chnh bng cc th nghim trong phng th nghim.
S pht trin ng sut ca ct thp c th l s kt hp ca neo c kh v chiu di
ngm ph thm ca ct thp gia im ng sut thanh ln nht v neo c kh.
Phi th hin y cc chi tit ca cc neo c kh trong ti liu hp ng khi dng
loi neo ny.
5.11.4.
Trin khai tao cp ng sut trc
5.11.4.1.
Tng qut
Khi xc nh cng ca cc cu kin b tng ng sut trc vng u ca chng

phi xt ti s tch lu dn ca lc cp trong truyn lc v chu di pht trin. C th
gi nh lc ko trc thay i tuyn tnh t 0,0 ti im kt dnh bt u cho ti khi
t tr s cc i sau mt khong chiu di truyn lc. Gia chiu di truyn v chiu
di pht trin c th gi nh lc ca tao thp tng theo ng pa-ra-bn t ti sc
khng ko ca tao thp ai chiu di pht trin .
p dng iu ny, chiu di truyn c th ly bng 60ln ng knh tao thp v
chiu di pht trin phi ly theo ch dn iu 5.11.4.2.
Phi xt n tc dng ca s mt dnh kt theo ch dn iu 5.11.4.3
5.11.4.2.
tao thp c dnh kt
B cp cng trc phi c dnh kt phn ngoi mt ct nguy him ang xt vi

chiu di pht trin, tnh bng mm theo cng thc:
ld>(0,15fpe-0.097fpc)d
(5.11.4.2-1)
Trong :
db = ng knh danh nh ca tao thp tnh bng mm
fpc =ng sut bnh qun trong thp ng sut trc ng vi lc t c sc khng danh
nh cn thit ca cu kin (MPa)
fpe = ng sut c hiu trong thp gy ng sut trc sau mt mt (MPa)
5.11.4.3.
cc tao thp mt dnh kt tng phn
Chiu di trin khai chu ko

iu 5.11.4.2.
AASHTO cu ng b
i vi cng chy quy nh phi ly ph hp vi

Khi c mt on hoc nhiu on ca tao thp ng sut trc khng c dnh kt v
khi c lc ko trong vng b nn trc, chiu di pht trin c ch dn iu 5.11.4.2
phi c tng gp i.
S tao thp b mt dnh kt tng phn khng vt qu 25% tng cc tao.
S thp mt dnh kt trong bt k hng ngang no u khng vt qu 40% s tao
trong hng .
Chiu di mt dnh kt ca bt k tao thp no u phi m bo sc khng c
pht trin y mi mt ct ang c nghin cu v tt c cc trng thi gii hn
u c tho mn.
Cc tao mt dnh kt phi c phn b i xng theo ng tim ca cu kin chiu
di mt dnh kt ca cc i tao t i xng vi tim cu kin bng nhau. Cc tao
pha ngoi ca mi hng ngang phi c dnh kt hon ton.
5.11.5.
Mi thanh ct thp
5.11.5.1.
chi tit ho
Cc v tr, hnh loi v kch thc cho php cc mi ni, bao gm c vic t so le i
vi cc thanh ct thp phi c th hin trong cc ti liu hp ng.
5.11.5.2.
yu cu tng qut
5.11.5.2.1. Mi ni chng
Chu di chng ca cc mi ni chng cc thanh ring l phi theo cc quy nh trong
cc iu 5.11.5.3.1 v 5.11.5.5.1.
Mi ni chng t trong cc b theo quy nh ca iu 5.11.2.3. Cc mi ni tng
thanh ring l trong b khng c chng ln nhau. Cc b nguyn khng c ni theo kiu
ni chng.
Khng c dng cc mi ni chng i vi cc thanh chu ko ng knh ln hn N036.
Cc thanh c ni bng cc mi ni chng khng tip xc trong cc cu kin chu un
khng c t cch nhau theo chiu ngang xa hn 1/5 chiu di mi ni chng yu
cu hoc 150mm.
5.11.5.2.2. Lin kt c kh
Sc khng ca mt lin kt c kh y phi khng c nh hn 125% cng chy
quy nh ca thanh chu ko hoc chu nn, tu yu cu. Tng trt ca thanh
nm trong c bc mi ni ca u ni sau khi cht ti ko ti 207 MPa v gim ti ti
20MPa khng c vt qu cc chuyn v sau y c o gia cc im nh c trng
ca ng bc mi ni:
Vi kch thc thanh ti N04.......................................................0,25mm
Vi cc thanh N05........................................................................0,75mm
AASHTO cu ng b
5.11.5.2.3. Mi ni hn
Vic hn cc mi ni hn phi theo ng bn hin hnh ca "Quy chun hn kt cu Thp lm ct thp "ca AWS.(D 1,4).
Cc thanh phi c ni bng cc mi ni i u hn thu. Sc khng ca mi ni lhi
c quy nh l khng nh hn 125% cng chy quy nh ca thanh chu ko.
Khng c dng cc mi ni hn cc mt cu.
5.11.5.3.
mi ni ct thp chu ko
5.11.5.3.1. Mi ni chng chu ko

Chiu di chng i vi cc mi ni chng chu ko phi khng nh hn 300 mm hoc
theo cc mi ni loi A,B hoc C sau y:
Mi ni loi A.............................................................................1,0
Mi ni loi B.............................................................................1,3
Mi ni loi C.............................................................................1,7
Chiu di trin khai chu ko

iu 5.11.2.
i vi cng chy quy nh phi ly ph hp vi
Cp ca mi ni chng yu cu i vi cc thanh c g v cc si c g chu ko c

quy nh trong Bng 1.
Bng 5.11.5.3.1-1 Cp mi ni chng chu ko
T s ca
(As
b
(As yu cu)
% ca As c ni vi chiu di
tr) chng yu cu
50
75
100
>2
<2
5.11.5.3.2. Lin kt c kh hoc mi ni hn chu ko

Cc lin kt c kh hoc cc mi ni hn chu ko c s dng khi din tch ct thp
b tr nh hn yu cu 2 ln phi p ng cc yu cu ca cc lin kt c kh y
hoc cc mi ni hn y .
Cc lin kt c kh hoc cc mi ni hn c dng khi din tch ct thp b tr t
nht bng 2 ln din tch theo phn tch v khi cc mi ni c t so le t nht l
600 mm c th c thit k tng khng nh hn 2 ln hiu ng lc ko trong
thanh ti mt ct hoc mt na cng chy quy nh ca ct thp.
AASHTO cu ng b
5.11.5.4.
Mi ni trong cu kin ging chu ko
Cc mi ni thanh ct thp trong cc cu kin ging chu ko phi c thc hin vi cc

mi ni c hn y hoc lin kt c hc y . Cc mi ni trong cc thanh k
bn phi t so le khng nh hn 750 mm.
5.11.5.5.
Mi ni thanh chu nn
5.11.5.5.1. Mi ni chng chu nn

Chiu di chng
nh sau:
, i vi cc mi ni chng phi khng nh hn hoc 300 mm hoc
Nu fy< 400 MPa th
= 0,073mfydy
(5.11.5.5.1-1)
=m(0,13fy-24,0)db
(5.11.5.5.1-1)
Hoc
Nu fy > 400MPa th
Trong :
Khi cng b tng quy nh fc' nh hn 21 MPa ...................m=1,33
Khi cc ging dc theo mi ni c din tch c hiu khng nh hn 0,15%
Tch s ca chiu dy b phn chu nn vi khong cc ging .... m=0,83
Khi c ai xon c ....................................................................... m=0,75
Trong tt c cc trng hp khc .................................................. m=1,0
Trong :
fy = Cng chy quy nh ca cc thanh ct thp (MPa)
Khi cc thanh c kch thc khc nhau c ni chng vi thanh chu nn, chiu di mi
ni phi khng c nnh hn hoc chiu di trin khai ca thanh ln hn, hoc chiu
di mi ni ca thanh nh hn. Cc thanh N o43 v N057 c th c ni chng vi N036
v cc thanh nh hn.
5.11.5.5.2. Lin kt c kh hoc mi ni hn chu nn

Cc lin kt c kh hoc mi ni hn chu nn c dng phi tho mn cc yu cu i
vi cc lin kt c kh y hoc cc mi ni c hn y theo qui nh trong
cc iu 5.11.5.2.2 , v iu 5.11.5.2.3 tng ng .
5.11.5.5.3. Mi ni p ta u
Trong cc thanh ch yu cu chu nn, lc nn c th c truyn bi p ta trn cc
u ct vung c gi tip xc ng tm vi mt thit b thch hp. Cc mi ni p
ta u thanh ch c dng trong cc cu kin c tng cng bi cc thanh gn kn,
ct ai kn hoc xon c.
Cc mi ni p ta u thanh phi sole hoc ti v tr cc mi ni phi b tr cc
thanh lin tc. Cc thanh lin tc trong mi mt ca cu kin phi c c ng chu ko
tnh ton khng nh hn 0,25fy ln din tch ct thp trong mt ct .
AASHTO cu ng b
5.11.5.6.
Mi ni tm li si thp hn
5.11.5.6.1. mi ni tm li si thp c g hn chu ko

Chiu di ni chng ca cc mi ni chng ca tm li si thp c g hn c cc si thp
ngang nm trong chiu di chng c o gia cc u ca mi tm li phi khng c
nh hn 1,3 hd hoc 200 mm. on chng c o gia cc si thp ngang ngoi cng
ca mi tm li khng c nh hn 50 mm.
Cc mi ni chng ca cc tm li si thp c g hn khi khng c cc si thp ngang
trong chiu di mi ni chng phi c xc nh nh l i vi si thp c g ph hp vi
cc quy nh ca iu 5.11.5.3.1
5.11.5.6.2. Mi ni tm li si thp trn hn chu ko

Khi din tch ct thp c b tr l nh hn 2 ln din tch yu cu ti v tr mi ni,
chiu di ni chng c o gia cc si thp ngang ngoi cng ca mi tm li phi
khng c nh hn:
Tng ca mt khong cch ca cc si thp ngang cng 50 mm, hoc
1,5 d, hoc
150 mm
Trong :
d
= Chiu di trin khai c quy nh trong iu 5.11.2 (mm)
Khi din tch ct thp b tr t nht bng 2 ln din tch ct thp yu cu ti v tr

ni, chiu di ni chng c o gia cc si thp ngang ngoi cng ca mi tm li phi
khng nh hn hoc 1,5 d hoc 50 mm.
5.12. bn
5.12.1.
Tng qut
Phi thit k bo v ct thp v thp ng sut trc ca kt cu b tng chng li s n

mn trong sut cuc i kt cu.
Cc yu cu c bit c th l cn thit to bn phi c ch r trong cc ti
liu hp ng. Cc phn kt cu nu c cc yu cu sau phi c ch r:
B tng cun kh
Ct thp bc pxy hoc c m
Dng ph gia c bit trong b tng
D kin b tng b l trong nc mui hoc nc sun-ft.
Qu trnh bo dng c bit.
Cc bin php bo v dng cho bn phi tho mn cc yu cu theo quy nh trong
iu 2.5.2.1.
AASHTO cu ng b
5.12.2.
Ct liu phn ng kim silic
Cc ti liu hp ng phi cm s dng cc ct liu t cc ngun bit l c phn

ng kim silic thi qu.
Khi dng ct liu c phn ng gii hn, ti liu hp ng phi yu cu dng cc loi
ximng kim thp hoc trn ximng thng dng v vt liu puzlan, vi iu kin l
phi chng minh c vic dng chng sn xut ra b tng c bn tho mn vi
ct liu kin ngh.
5.12.3.
Lp ph b tng
Lp ph i vi thp ng sut trc v ct thp khng c bo v khng c nh hn quy

nh trong Bng 1 v c iu chnh theo t l nc-ximng, tr khi c quy nh khc
y hoc trong iu 5.12.4.
Lp ph v sai s b tng phi c ghi trong ti liu hp ng.
Lp ph i vi tao cp ng sut trc ko trc, neo v cc lin kt c hc i vi cc thanh
ct thp hoc cc tao cp ng sut trc sau phi ging nh l vi ct thp.
Lp ph i vi cc ng bc kim loi ca cc b tao cp ko sau khng c nh hn:
iu c quy nh i vi thp ch
1/2 ng knh ng bc, hoc
iu c quy nh trong bng 1.
i vi cc mt cu b tng l trc vu lp xe v xch xe phi dng lp ph thm

b p tn tht d kin v chiu dy do s mi mn nh c quy nh trong iu
2.5.2.4.
Vi W/C < 0,40 ......................................................................... 0,8
Vi W/C > 0,50 ......................................................................... 1,2
Lp ph mng nht i vi thanh chnh, bao gm c cc thanh c bo v bng bc

pxy, khng nh hn 25mm.
Lp ph i vi cc ct ging, cc t ai c th nh hn 12 mm so vi tr s quy nh
trong Bng 1 i vi cc thanh ch, nhng khng c nh hn 25 mm.
Bng5.12.3-1 Lp ph i vi ct thp ch khng c bo v (mm)
Trng thi
Lp ph (mm)
L trc tip trong nc mui
100
c p vo t
75
Vng b bin
75
B mt cu chu vu lp xe hoc 60
xch mi mn
Mt ngoi khc cc iu trn
AASHTO cu ng b
50

L bn trong cc iu trn
Vi thanh N036
40
Thanh N043 v N057
50
y bn c l
Vi thanh N036
25
Thanh N043 v N057
50
y vn khun panen c sn
20
Cc b tng ct thp c sn
Mi trng khng n mn
50
Mi trng n mn
75
Cc ng sut trc c sn
50
Cc c ti ch
Mi trng khng n mn
Mi trng n mn
50
75
- Chung
75
- c bo v
50
Ging ng
75
c trong l khoan bng ng b

tng trong nc hoc va st
5.12.4.
Lp bc bo v
Bo v chng clorua n mn c th dng theo cch bc pxy hoc m thanh ct thp,

ng bc ko sau v phn kim kh ca neo, bc pxy cho tao cp ng sut tr c. Lp
ph i vi thp c bc pxy c th ly tr s Bng 5.12.3-1 i vi s l bn trong.
5.12.5.
Bo v cc b tao cp ng sut trc
ng bc cho cc b tao cp ko sau t bn trong, c thit k theo sc khng dnh

kt, phi c phun va sau khi to ng sut. Cc b tao cp phi c thng xuyn bo v
chng n mn v cc chi tit bo v c th hin trong ti liu hp ng.
5.13. Cc cu kin ring bit

5.13.1.
Bn mt cu
Cc yu cu i vi bn mt cu, ph thm vi cc yu cu quy nh trong Phn 5,

phi theo quy nh trong Phn 9.
AASHTO cu ng b
5.13.2.
Vch ngn, dm cao, dm hng ngn, dm cha v g dm khc
5.13.2.1.
Tng qut
Cc vch ngn, dm hng ngn, dm cha, g dm khc v cc cu kin cao khc

ch yu chu ct v xon v chiu cao l tng i so vi nhp ca chng phi thit
k theo quy nh y.
Cc dm cao phi c phn tch v thit k theo m hnh chng - v - ging c quy
nh trong iu 5.6.3, hoc l thuyt c tha nhn khc.
5.13.2.2.
Vch ngn
Tr khi c cc quy nh khc, cc vch ngn phi c b tr ti cc m cu, tr v cc mi

ni cht chu cc lc bn v truyn cc ti trng ln cc im gi .
Cc vch ngn gia c th c dng gia cc dm trong h ng cong hoc ni
cn thit to sc khng xon v mt cu ti cc im khng lin tc hoc
ti cc im giao to gc trong dm.
i vi cc hp cong, c bn knh pha trong nh hn 240 000 mm v i vi cc dm
hp m rng phi dng cc vch ngn trung gian.
Cc vch ngn c th c b qua, khi cc th nghim hoc phn tch v mt kt cu
chng t chng l khng cn thit.
Cc vch ngn phi c thit k bng phng php chng-v-ging ni thch hp.
Trong cc yu cu c vch ngn c ko sau, phi ging chc chn cc b thp ca
vch ngn vo trong cc vch ngn bng ct thp thng c dnh kt chng li cc lc
gy ra bi b thp ti gc ca phn l trng trong cc vch ngn.
5.13.2.3.
Cc yu cu chi tit i vi dm cao
Sc khng ko tnh ton, NR tnh theo N ca mt cp thanh ct thp ngang phi tho
mn:
NR = fyAs > 0,83 bvs
(5.13.2.3-1)
Trong :
bv = B rng sn (mm)
fy = Cng chy ca ct thp (MPa)
As = Din tch ct thp trong khong cch s (mm2)
= H s sc khng c quy nh trong iu 5.5.4.2.
s = Khong cch ct thp (mm)
Khong cch ct thp ngang, s, phi khng vt qu hoc d/4 hoc 300 mm.
Cc thanh dc dnh kt phi c phn b tt trn mi mt ca cu kin thng ng
theo tng cp mt. Sc khng ko ca cp thanh ct thp dnh kt khng phi nh
hn iu c quy nh trong Phng trnh 1. Khong cch thng ng gia cc cp
ct thp s, phi khng vt qu d/3 hoc 300 mm. i vi cc b phn nh hn 250 mm,
c th dng mt thanh n c sc khng ko yu cu thay cho mt cp thanh dc.
AASHTO cu ng b
5.13.2.4.
dm hng ngn v dm cha
5.13.2.4.1. Tng qut

Nh ch ra trong Hnh 1 di y, cc b phn c coi nh l dm hng ngn hoc
dm cha khi av nh hn d. Nu a v ln hn d, b phn phi c thit k nh l mt
dm hng.
Hnh 5.13.2.4.1-1 K hiu

Mt ct ti mt gi c thit k chu ng thi mt ct tnh ton V u, mmen
tnh ton (Vuav +Nuc(h-d)), v mt lc ko nm ngang tnh ton xy ra ng thi N uc
khng pht trin, Nuc phi ly khng nh hn 0,2Vu. Nuc phi c nhn nhn nh l mt
hot ti, ngay c khi n do t bin, co ngt v thay i nhit gy ra.
T s thp As/bd ti mt gi khng c nh hn 0,04f'c/fy vi d c o t mt gi.
Din tch tng cng Ah ca cc ct ai kn hoc cc ging phi khng nh hn 50%
din tch Ah ca ct thp ging chu ko ch. Cc ai hoc cc ging phi phn b
u nhau trong on 2/3 chiu cao c hiu k vi ct thp ch.
Ti mt trc ca dm hng ngn hoc dm cha ct thp chu ko phi c neo
pht trin ti cng chy c quy nh, fy.
Din tch gi trn dm ngn hoc dm cha phi khng nh ra ngoi on thng
ca cc lc ko-ch hoc xa mt bn trong ca bt k thanh neo bn no.
Chiu cao mp ngoi ca din tch gi khng c nh hn na chiu cao ti mt
gi.
AASHTO cu ng b
5.13.2.4.2. La chn m hnh chng-v-ging

Mt ct ti mt gi cc dm hng ngn v dm cha c th thit k ph hp vi m
hnh chng-l-ging c quy nh trong iu 5.6.3 hoc cc quy nh ca iu
5.13.2.4.1, tr khi:
Thit k ct thp ct - ma st A vf chu cc lc ct tnh ton V n phi theo quy

nh iu 5.8.4.
Vi b tng t trng thng thng, lc khng ct danh nh V n phi ly theo s

nh hn ca :
Vn = 0,2fc' bwde v
(5.13.2.4.2-1)
Vn = 5,5 bwde
(5.13.2.4.2-2)
i vi tt c cc loi b tng " t trng thp " hoc "t trng-ct thp", sc khng
ct danh nh Vn tnh theo Nf phi ly theo s nh hn ca:
Vn =(0,2-0,07av/d)f'c bwde
(5.13.2.4.2-3)
Vn =(5,5-1,9av/d)f'c bwde
(5.13.2.4.2-4)
Ct thp As chu hiu ng lc tnh ton phi c xc nh nh i vi cc b

phn khng thng chu un v ti trng hng trc.
Din tch ct thp ko ch As khng c nh hn:
As > 0,667 Avf +An
(5.13.2.4.2-5)
V din tch cc ct ai hoc ging kn t bn trong c khong cch bng vi

2de/3 t ct thp ch khng c nh hn:
An > 0,5(Ae-An)
(5.13.2.4.2-5)
Vi
An =Nue/fy
(5.13.2.4.2-7)
Trong :
bw =B rng sn (mm)
de- = Chiu cao trng tm thp (mm )
Avf = Din tch thp chu ma st ct (mm2)
5.13.2.5.
G dm khc
5.13.2.5.1. Tng qut

G dm khc phi chu cc lc nh c minh ho trong Hnh 1.
Cc lc un, ct v nm ngang ti v tr ca ng nt 1.
Cc lc ko trong cu kin gi ti v tr ng nt 2.
Lc ct xuyn ti cc im chu ti trng ti v tr ng nt 3 v
Lc p ta ti v tr ng nt 4.
AASHTO cu ng b
Hnh 5.13.2.5.1-1 K hiu v cc v tr c kh nng b nt i vi g dm khc

G dm khc c th thit k theo m hnh chng v ging hoc theo cc iu khon
ca iu 5.13.2.5.2 ti 5.13.2.5.5
5.13.2.5.2. Thit k chu lc ct

Vic thit k g dm khc chu ct phi theo ng cc yu cu i vi ma st ct
nh c quy nh trong iu 5.8.4.
Chiu rng ca mt b tng c gi nh tham gia vo lc khng ct phi khng vt
qu S, hoc (W+4av) hoc 2c, nh c minh ho trong Hnh 1
Hnh 5.13.2.5.3 Thit k g dm khc chu ct
AASHTO cu ng b
5.13.2.5.3. Thit k chu un v lc nm ngang

Tng din tch ct thp ch chu ko A s, phi tho mn cc yu cu ca iu
5.13.2.4.2.
Ct thp ch chu ko phi t theo cc khong cch u trong phm vi (W + 5a f),
hoc 2c, nh c minh ho trong Hnh 1, tr khi cc b rng ca cc vng ny khng
trng ln nhau.
Hnh
5.13.2.5.3-1 thit k g dm khc chu un v lc nm ngang
5.13.2.5.4. Thit k chng lc ct xuyn

Cc hnh lng tr ct, c gi nh nh l cc b mt ph hoi ct xuyn, nh minh ho
trong Hnh 1, phi khng trng ln nhau.
Lc ct xuyn danh nh Vn theo Newton (N) phi c ly theo:
Ti cc tm m pha trong:
Vn = 0,328
f c' (W + 2 L + 2d e ) d e
(5.13.2.5.4-1)
Ti cc tm m pha ngoi:
Vn = 0,328
f c' (W + 2 L + 2d e ) d e
(5.13.2.5.4-2)
Trong :
f'c = Cng quy nh ca b tng tui 28 ngy (MPa)
W = B rng tm gi hoc m gi nh c ch r trong Hnh 1(mm)
L = Chiu di m gi nh c ch r trong Hnh 1 (mm)
de = Chiu su c th chu nn ngoi cng ti trng tm lc ko (mm)
AASHTO cu ng b
Hnh 5.13.2.5.4-1 thit k g dm khc chu ct xuyn
5.13.2.5.5. Thit k ct thp treo

Ct thp treo c quy nh uy phi b tr thm vi ct thp chu ct nh hn yu
cu trn mt trong hai mt ca phn lc dm ang c .
Vic b tr ct thp treo Arh cc dm g khc gin n phi theo nh c ch ra trong
Hnh 1.
Trong Hnh 1 dng k hiu sc khng ct danh nh V n theo N i vi cc dm g
khc gin n phi ly nh sau:
Vn =
Vn =
i vi trng thi gii hn s dng:

Ahr ( 0,5 f y )
s
(W + 3av )
(5.13.2.5.5-1)

Ahr f y
s
.S
(5.13.2.5.5-2)
Trong :
Ahr
= Din tch mt chn ca ct thp treo nh c minh ho trong Hnh 1 (mm2)
S = Khong cch t gi (mm)

s = Khong cch cc ct treo (mm)
fy = Cng chy ca ct thp (MPa)
AASHTO cu ng b

av = Khong cch t mt tng ti ti trng nh c minh ho trong Hnh 1 (mm)
Hnh 5.13.2.5.5.-1 Ct thp trong g dm khc n gin

S dng k hiu trong Hnh 2, sc khng ct danh nh ca cc g dm khc T ngc
phi l s nh hn ca s c quy nh theo Phng trnh 2 v Phng trnh 3.
Vn = 0,165
f c' b f d f +
Ahr f y
(5.13.2.5.5-3)
Trong :
df = Khong cch t nh g thp ti ct thp chu nn nh c minh ho trong Hnh 2
(mm)
Khong cch ti mp gia tm m gi pha ngoi vi u dm T ngc khng c nh
hn df
AASHTO cu ng b
Hnh 5.13.2.5.5-2 Ct thp ca dm T ngc

Cc dm T ngc tho mn cc quy nh v m men xon nh c quy nh trong cc
iu 5.8.3.6 v 5.8.2.1.
5.13.2.5.6. Thit k gi
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 5.7.5 thit k cc gi dm khc.
5.13.3.
mng
5.13.3.1.
Tng qut
Phi p dng cc qui nh ny thit k mng ring bit cc mng t hp v

cc m mng
Vi cc mng t nghing hoc c bc , gc nghing hoc chiu cao v v tr
ca cc bc sao cho tho mn cc yu cu thit k ti mi mt ct.
Cc ct hoc b tng c hnh dng trn hoc a gic u c th c s l theo c
kin vung c cng din tch vi cc mt ct nguy him v m men , lc ct trin
khai ct thp trong cc mng .
5.13.3.2.
Ti trng v phn lc
Sc khng ca vt liu cc dng cho mng phi c ly theo qui nh trong phn
10 Nn mng
Khi mt mng ring bit mt ct n , tr hoc tng mng phi thit k
theo cc iu kin thc t v tnh lin tc v s km hm .
Tr khi c cc qui nh v s dng cc thit b c bit nhm m bo cho vic
ng cc c chnh xc , khi thit k mng phi gi nh l cc cc ring l c th
lch ra v tr thit k trong mng 150mm hoc 1/4 ng knh cc v tim ca
nhm cc c th lch ra khi v tr thit k l 75mm .Vi cc gi , cc ti liu hp
AASHTO cu ng b

ng c th yu cu sai s l 50mm, trong trng hp ny v mt thit k tr s
nn c xt ti .
5.13.3.3.
H s sc khng
xc nh kch thc mng v s lng cc cc h s sc khng i vi p lc

ca t v sc khng ca cc l hm s ca t phi ly theo qui nh phn 10.
5.13.3.4.
M men trong mng
Mt ct chu un nguy him nht phi ly mt ct, tr hoc tng. Trong trng hp
cc ct khng phi l hnh ch nht , mt ct nguy him nht phi ly ti cnh hnh
ch nht ng tm c din tch tng ng . Vi mt ct mng nm di tng n ,
mt ct nguy him nht phi gia on t im gia ti mp tng. Vi cc mng
nm di cc ct kim loi , mt ct nguy him phi ly gia on t mt ct ct ti
mp ca kim loi .
5.13.3.5.
Phn b ct thp chu m men
Ct thp ca cc mng vung mt chiu hoc hai chiu phi c phn b ng

u quanh ton b mng .
Cc hng dn sau y p dng cho vic phn b ct thp trong cc mng ch nht
hai chiu .
Trong phng di ,ct thp phi phn b ng u qua ton b mng v
Trong phng ngn , mt phn trong ton b ct thp cho bi phng trnh 1
,phi phn b ng u trn mt mt di chiu rng bng chiu di ca cnh
ngn v c tm nm trn ng tim ca ct hoc tr. Phn cn li ca ct thp
cn thit trong phng ngn phi phn b ng u pha ngoi b rng di
gia mng .din tch ct thp bn trong chiu rng di phi tho mn phng
trnh 1.
2
As BW = As SD
+1
(5.13.3.5-1)
trong :
=
T s ca cnh di so vi cnh ngn ca mng
As-BW =
Din tch ct thp trong chiu rng di (mm2)
As-SD
Tng din tch ct thp trong phng ngn (mm2)
5.13.3.6.
Lc ct trong bn v mng
5.13.3.6.1. Cc mt ct nguy him i vi lc ct

Khi xc nh sc khng ct ca cc bn v cc mng st cc ti trng tp trung
hoc cc phn lc phi ly iu kin no nguy him nht trong s nhng iu kin
di y lm iu kin khng ch :
AASHTO cu ng b
Kt cu tc ng mt chiu : C mt ct nguy him tri di trong mt phng

i qua ton b b rng v t v tr c khon cch c ly bng:
d tnh t mt ti trng tp trung hay phn din tch phn lc, hoc tnh t
ch c s thay i t ngt no v chiu dy bn ti trng gy ra nn
pha trn ca mt ct .
mt ti trng tp trung hay phn din tch phn lc ti ti trng tp trung

gy ra ko pha trn ca mt ct .
mt ti trng tp trung hay phn din tch phn lc ti ti trng gy ra

ko pha trn mt ct . Trong d ly bng chiu dy ton phn ca bn
mng.
Kt cu tc ng hai chiu : c mt ct nguy him thng gc vi mt phng

bn v t v tr sao cho chu vi ca n b 0 l nh nht , nhng khng gn hn
gn hn 0.5d so vi chu vi ca ti trng tp trung hay din tch phn lc .
Khi b dy ca bn thay i, cc mt ct nguy him t khong cch

khng gn hn 0,5d tnh t mt ct c s thay i no v chiu dy bn
v v tr sao cho chu vi b0 l nh nht .
Nu c mt phn ca cc nm trong mt ct nguy him th phi xt ti trng cc l

phn b u trn ton chiu rng hay ng knh ca cc ng thi phi a phn ti
trng nm ngoi mt ct nguy him vo trong tnh ton lc ct i vi mt ct nguy
him .
5.13.3.6.2. Tc ng mt chiu
Sc khng ct ca mng hoc bn chu tc ng mt chiu phi tho mn cc yu
cu qui nh trong iu 5.8.3, khng k i vi cc cng di nn p 600mm hoc
ln hn phi dng cc qui nh ca iu 5.14.5.3.
5.13.3.6.3. Tc ng hai chiu

Sc khng dang nh Vn tnh bng N i vi cc mt ct khng c ct thp ngang
chu tc ng hai chiu ca b tng ly nh sau :
0,33
,
Vn =
0,17 +
f c bo d 0,33
c
f c, b0 d 0,33
f c' bo d
v
(5.13.3.6.3-1)
trong :
c = T s cnh di trn cnh ngn ca hnh ch nht m qua ti trng tp trung
hoc phn lc c truyn ti .
b0 =
Chu vi ca mt ct nguy him (mm)
dv =
Chiu cao chu ct c hiu (mm)
AASHTO cu ng b

Khi Vu > Vn ct thp chu ct phi ct phi c thm vo ph hp vi iu 5.8.3.3.
vi gc = 450 .
i vi mt ct c ct thp ngang chu tc ng hai chiu ,sc khng danh nh ,
tnh bng N phi ly theo :
Vn =Vc +Vs 0,504(5.13.3.6.3-2)
f c' bo d v
Trong :
Vc = 0,166
f c' bo d(5.13.3.6.3-3)
v
v
Vs =
Av f y d v
s
5.13.3.7.
(5.13.3.6.3-4)
Trin khai ct thp
Phi p dng qui nh ca iu 5.11 i vi trin khai ct thp trong cc bn v cc

mng .
Cc tit din nguy him i vi vic trin khai ct thp phi c gi nh ti cng cc
v tr nh qui nh trong iu 5.13.3.4 v ti tt c cc nt phng thng ng khc
ti xy ra s thay i v mt ct hoc ct thp .
5.13.3.8.
Truyn lc ti y ct
Tt c cc lc v m men tc dng y y ct hoc tr phi c truyn ti mt trn

ca mng bng cch gi ln b tng v truyn qua ct thp , p ta ln b tng ti
b mt tip xc gia c kin v c kin b ,khng c vt qu cng ta
ca b tng i vi b mt qui nh trong iu 5.7.5
Cc lc bn phi c truyn t tr ti mng theo cc qui nh truyn lc ct trong
iu 5.8.4
Ct thp phi c b tr qua mt tip xc gia c kin v cu kin b ,hoc
bng cch ko di ct thp dc ch ca ct hoc tng vo trong mng hoc dng
cc cht hoc cc bu lng neo .
S t ct thp ngang qua mt tip xc phi tho mn cc iu sau :
Ton b cc tc ng lc vt qua cng ca b tng trong c kin hoc b
phi c truyn bi ct thp .
Nu cc t hp ti trng dn ti lc nng , hon ton phi do ct thp chu ,
V din tch ct thp khng nh hn 0,5% tng din tch ca c kin b ,v s
lng cc thanh khng nh hn 4.
ng knh ca cc cht , nu s dng khng c vt qu ng knh ct thp dc l 3,8
mm
Ti cc mng ch khi nn , ct thp dc ch ca ct s N o43 v No57 c th c
ni chng vi cc cht mng to ra din tch yu cu . Cc cht khng c ln
hn tr s No36 v phi ko vo trong ct mt on khng nh hn chiu di khai trin
AASHTO cu ng b

ca cc thanh No43 v No57 hoc chiu di ca cc cht ,v i vo trong mng mt
on khng nh hn chiu di khai trin ca cc cht .
5.13.4.
Cc b tng
5.13.4.1.
5Tng qut
Ton b cc ti trng do mng phi chu v trng lng bn thn ca mng phi
gi nh truyn cho cc cc chu. Cc cc c t phng php ng phi c thit
k chu c cc lc ng v vn chuyn . cc c sn cn c thit k vi trng
lng bn thn khng nh hn 1,5 ln trng lng bn thn cc khi vn chuyn v lp
dng.
Bt k on cc no khi ta ngang chng li s on khng xy ra ti mi
lc , phi c thit k nh l ct .
Cc im hoc cc vng ngm chng li cc ti trng ngang v m men phi c xc
nh theo s phn tch cc tnh cht ca t nh qui nh trong iu 10.7.4.2.
Cc cc b tng phi c chn su vo trong mng hoc cc m cc nh qui
nh trong iu 10.7.1.5. Ct thp neo phi l ct thp cc ko di hoc dng cht
thp. Cc lc nh hoc cc ng sut do un gy ra phi do ct thp chu. T l ct
thp neo khng c nh hn 0.005 v s thanh neo khng c nh hn 4 . Ct thp
phi c ko di chu mt lc bng 1,25fyAs.
Thm vo cc yu cu qui nh trong cc iu t 13.4.1 n 5.13.4.5, cc cc s dng
trong vung c ng t phi tun th ng cc yu cu qui nh trong iu 5.13.4.6.
5.13.4.2.
Cc mi ni
Cc mi ni ca cc b tng phi trin khai sc khng sc khng dc trc , un,ct ,v

xon ca cc. Cc chi tit mi ni cc phi c th hin trong cc ti liu hp ng.
5.13.4.3.
Cc b tng c sn
5.13.4.3.1. Kch thc cc

Cc cc b tng c sn c th cc mt ct u n hoc thon . Cc cc dng
thon khng c dng lm gin gio , tr khi on nm di t hoc bt k v tr
no m cc lm vic nh ct.
Khi cc b tng khng tip xc vi nc cha mui , cc cc phi c din tch mt ct
ngang o pha trn on thon khng nh hn 90 000mm 2. cc cc b tng s dng
trong nc cha mui phi c din tch mt ct ngang khng nh hn 142 000mm 2.
Cc gc ca mt ct hnh ch nht phi c vt gc.
ng knh cc cc dng thon c o t im khng nh hn 200mm ln pha trn 600
mm cho tt c mt ct ngang, ng knh phi c xem nh kch thc nh nht qua tim
mt ct ngang.
AASHTO cu ng b
5.13.4.3.2. Ct thp
Ct thp dc phi c khng t hn 4 thanh t theo cc khong cch u n xung
quanh chu vi cc. Din tch ct thp khng c nh hn 1,5% din tch mt ct
ngang ton b b tng o bn trn im thon.
Ton b chiu di ct thp dc phi c bao bc bng ct xon hoc ai tng ng.
Ct thp xon phi ly theo nh qui nh trong iu 5.14.4.4.3.
5.13.4.4.
Cc b tng ng sut c sn
5.13.4.4.1. Kch thc cc

Cc cc b tng ng sut trc c sn c th l hnh bt gic, vung hoc trn v
phi tun th theo cc kch thc ti thiu nh qui nh trong iu 5.13.4.3.1.
Cc cc b tng ng sut trc c th l c hoc rng , i vi cc rng,phi thc
hin bin php phng nga, nh l s thot hi, ngn nga cc b v do p lc nc bn
trong khi ng, p lc bng trong cc cc hoc p lc hi ga do s phn hu vt liu
lm cc hnh thnh l rng .
Chiu dy vch cc trn rng khng c nh hn 125mm.
5.13.4.4.2. Cht lng b tng

Cng chu nn ca cc khi ng khng c nh hn 35 Mpa. B tng cun kh
phi dng cc cc chu t v kh.
5.13.4.4.3. Ct thp
Tr khi ch u t c qui nh khc, cc tao ng sut trc nn c t v to ng sut
sao cho ng sut nn ng u trn mt ct ngang v dc ,v sau tn tht ng
sut nn khng c nh hn 5Mpa.
Chiu di ton b ca cc tao cp ng sut trc phi c bao bi ct thp xon nh sau
:
Vi cc cc c ngknh nh hn 600 mm:
Si xon khng nh hn MW 25
Ct xon ti cc u cc c bc xon 75mm v xp x 16 vng .
on u cc 150mm c thm 4 vng th xon vi bc 38 mm v
i vi phn cc cn li, cc tao cp c bao ct thp xon c bc xon khng ln

hn 150mm.
Vi cc cc c ngknh ln hn 600 mm:
Si xon khng nh hn MW 26
Ct xon ti cc u cc c bc xon 50mm v xp x 16 vng .
on u cc 150mm c thm 4 vng th xon vi bc 38 mm v
AASHTO cu ng b
i vi phn cc cn li, cc tao cp c bao ct thp xon c bc xon khng ln

hn 100mm.
5.13.4.5.
Cc c ti ch
Cc cc c trong l khoan c th c s dng khi cc iu kin v t cho php .

Cc v thp dng cho cc cc c ti ch phi c dy v cng duy tr
hnh dng cc v chng t l khng c cc cong vnh nghim trng trong khi ng
hoc sau khi v thp ca cc k bn c ng song v li ng , nu c , c ko
ln. Cc ti liu hp ng phi qui nh l phng n thit k v thp cn phi c s
chp nhn ca k s trc khi bt k mt s ng no c thc hin .
5.13.4.5.1. Cc kch thc cc

Cc cc b tng c ti ch c th c mt ct u n hoc c th c dng thon
trn mt on bt k nu c trong cc v ng hoc c ming loe y nu c
trong l hoc ging khoan.
Din tch chn cc nh nht phi l 64 500 mm 2 . din tch mt ct ngang mi cc
t nht phi l 32300 mm2. Vi cc on ko di pha trn cc ,kch thc nh nht phi
ly theo qui nh i vi cc c sn trong iu 5.13.4.3
5.13.4.5.2. Ct thp
Dn tch ct thp dc khng c nh hn 0.8%Ag , vi ct thp xon khng nh hn
MW25 vi bc xon 150mm. Ct thp phi c ko di xung mt phng m
a cht cho lc khng bn y l 3000 mm.
V ng thp c chiu dy ln hn 3mm, c th c xem nh l mt phn ca ct thp.
Trong cc mi trng xm thc, khi xc nh sc khng , chiu dy ca v ng c gim
t nht l 1.5 mm.
5.13.4.6.
Cc yu cu v ng t
5.13.4.6.1. Vng 1
Vi vng 1 khng cn xem xt cc qui nh thit k ph thm.
5.13.4.6.2. Vng 2
5.13.4.6.2 a Tng qut
Cc cc dng trong kt cu trong vng 2 c th dng chng li c hai loi ti trng dc
trc v ti trng ngang. Chiu su ti thiu v chn su v sc khng dc trc v
ngangca cc yu cu i vi cc ti trng ng t phi c xc nh theo cc tiu
chun thit k c thit lp theo kho st a cht ring v a k thut ti v tr
cng trnh.
Cc cc b tng phi c neo vo b cc hoc m cc bng cch chn su ct thp
hoc bng cch neo chu lc nh. Chiu di chn su phi khng c nh hn
chiu di khai trin yu cu ca ct thp qui nh trong iu 5.11.2. Cc cc ng
AASHTO cu ng b

nhi b tng phi c neo vi cc cht thp theo qui nh trong iu 5.13.4.1 vi t l
thp nh nht l 0.01. Cc cht thp phi c chn su theo yu cu ca cc cc b
tng. Cc cc g v thp , bao gm cc cc khng c nhi , phi b tr thit b neo
tng cc lc chng nh. Lc nh phi ly khng nh hn 10% sc khng nn dc
trc tnh ton ca cc.
5.134.6.2b Cc c ti ch
i vi cc cc c tai ch, ct thp dc phi c b tr u trn cc trong mt on
di khng nh hn hoc l 1/3 chiu di cc hoc 2400 mm, vi t l thp ti thiu l
0,005 bng t nht 4 thanh. Ct xon hoc ct ai tng ng phi dng cc thanh
khng nh hn No10,v t cch khong khng qu 225mm , tr on chiu di khng
nh hn 600mm hoc 1,5 ln ng knh cc pha di ct thp m cc cc khong
cch khng c vt qu 75 mm.
5.13.4.6.2c Cc ct thp c sn
Vi cc cc c ct thp c sn , ct thp dc khng c nh hn 1% din tch mt
ct ngang , c b tr bng t nht 4 thanh. Ct thp xon hoc ct thp ai t ng
ng khng c nh hn cc thanh No 10 , c b tr theo cc khong cch khng vt qu
225mm, tr khong cch 75 mm c dng trong vng chiu di tng cng , khng nh
hn 600 mm hoc 1,5 ln ng knh cc cc bn di ct thp m cc .
5.13.4.6.2d Cc cc ng sut trc c sn

i vi cc cc ng sut c sn, cc ct ai phi tun th theo cc yu cu ca cc
cc c sn , nh qui nh trong iu 5.13.4.6.2c.
5.13.4.6.3 Cc vng 3 v 4
5.13.4.6.3a Tng qut
Ngoi vic thm cc yu nh qui nh i vi vng 2 , cc cc trong vng 3 v 4 phi tun
theo cc qui nh y.
5.13.4.6.3b Chiu di b tng cng

u tin ca mi cc phi b tr thp v c tng cng nh l vng c kh nng hnh
thnh khp do , tr ti m bo l khng c kh nng xy ra bt k vng bn ng
k no ca no ca cc. Vng c th c khp do ko di t mt di ca m cc n
mt chiu di khng nh hn hai ln ng knh cc hoc 600mm .Nu khi phn
tch cu v h cc thy rng c th hnh thnh khp do cao thp hn , chiu
di tng cng ct thp ngang qui nh v bc ct thp gn hn phi ko di ti
,theo qui nh iu 5.13.4.6.2.
5.13.4.6.3c T l vng tng cng

T l ct ai trong chiu di vng tng cng phi ly theo cc ct nh qui nh trong
iu 5.10.11.4.1d.
5.13.4.6.3d Cc c ti ch
i vi cc cc c ti ch , thp dc phi c b tr trn sut chiu di cc . Hai phn
ba u trn ca cc, t l thp dc khng nh hn 0,75% b tr khng t hn 4 thanh.
Ct thp xon hoc ai tng ng c ng knh khng nh hn thanh No10 phi c b tr theo bc khong cch 225mm, tr on chiu di u cc khng nh hn
AASHTO cu ng b

1200mm hoc hai ln ng knh cc bc khong cch l 75mm v t l theo th tch
v cc chi tit ni phi ph hp vi iu 5.10.11.4.1d.
5.13.4.6.3e Cc c sn
i vi cc cc c sn , cc ai xon phi c ng knh khng nh hn thanh s
N010 cc bc khong cch 225mm , tr on u 1200mm, khong cch phi l
75mm v t l theo th tch v cc chi tit ni phi ph hp vi iu 5.10.11.4.1d.
5.14. Qui nh i vi cc loi kt cu

5.14.1.
Dm v dm t hp
5.14.1.1.
Tng qut
Phi dng cc qui nh y thit k cc nhp dm c ti ch v c sn v

cc dm c mt ct hnh ch nht ,I,T,T c bu ,T kp hnh hp m hoc kn.
Cc nhp dm c sn c th chu cc ti trng nht thi khi c hoc khng c mt
cu t chng ln . Khi s dng mt cu b tng ring bit v kt cu , n phi c
lm lin hp vi cc nhp dm c sn.
Chiu rng ca cnh c xem l c hiu chu un phgi ly theo qui nh trong iu
4.6.2.6.
5.14.1.2.
Dm c sn
5.14.1.2.1. Cc cu kin trc khi s dng

Trong vic thit k cc b phn c sn , phi xem xt ton b vic t ti cc iu
kin hn ch v khng n nh t khi bt u ch to n khi hon thnh kt cu
bao gm nhng khng b gii hn i vi vic d vn khun , lu kho, vn chuyn v lp
t. i vi s vn chuyn v lp t , cc b phn nn c thit k theo trng lng
khng nh hn 1,5 ln trng lng bn thn ca n.
Nu c s nguy him vi s an ton ca b phn trong khi vn chuyn lp t , cc
v tr ca thanh chng tm v cc im chng tm , sc khng nh nht v cng
ca chng phi c ch r trong cc ti liu hp ng.
5.14.1.2.2. Cc kch thc qu c

Kch thc v trng lng ln nht ca cc c kin c sn c c bi c ngoi hin
trng phi ph hp vi s hn ch vn chuyn ti ch.
Chiu dy bt k phn no ca nhp dm b tng c sn khng c nh hn :
Cnh trn
50mm
Sn dm khng ko sau
125mm
Sn dm,ko sau
165mm
Cnh di
125mm
Cc mi ni hin trng c th c s dng khi cc c kin c sn c chiu di vt

qu chiu di c th vn chuyn c . Cc mi ni loi ny phi ph hp vi cc qui nh
, hoc trong iu 5.14.1.2.6 hoc trong iu 5.14.1.2.6 6 hoc trong iu 5.14.2.4.2.
AASHTO cu ng b
5.14.1.2.3. Cc thit b cu nhc

Nu c d kin l cc neo dng lm dng c cu nhc s c c vo pha trong mt
c kin, phi c l ra nhn hoc i vi vt liu n mn kt cu b c
xong ,bt k s hn ch v cc v tr ca cc thit b c chn su cu, chiu
su ca vic c bi v phng php nhi cc hc sau khi c bi phi c th hin
trong cc ti liu hp ng.Chiu su c bi khng c nh hn chiu dy lp ph yu
cu i vi ct thp
5.14.1.2.4. Thit k chi tit

Mi chi tit v ct thp, lin kt gi ta, cc kt cu chn hoc neo i vi cc vch
ngang, lp bo v b tng,cc l m ,cc sai s v ch to v lp t phi c th
hin trong cc ti liu hp ng Vi bt k chi tit no dng cho s la chn ca nh
thu , nh l vt liu v phng php ng sut trc phi c yu cu trnh v xem
xt cc bn v thi cng
5.14.1.2.5. Cng b tng

i vi b tng cng chm , c th s dng cng chu nn tui 90 ngy cho ton
b cc t hp ng sut xy ra sau 90 ngy .
i vi b tng t trng thng thng cng 90 ngy ca cc loi b tng ng cng
chm c th c d kin theo115 % cng b tng 28 ngy .
5.14.1.2.6. Cc mi ni thi cng hng ngang

5.14.1.2.6a Tng qut
Cc mi ni thi cng trong nhp phi l loi hoc l c i u hoc l hp long .
Cc mi ni ti cc tr pha trong cu thi cng lin tc phi l loi hp long. Cc mi ni
loi c i u phi tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 5.14.5.4.2. i vi cc dm ng
sut trc , cc mi ni thi cng trong nhp phi l loi ko sau .
Nu mi ni hp long vt qu 150mm , mt ma st chu nn ca mi ni phi c gia cng kim ch. Trnh t b tng hp long v bn phi c qui nh trong cc ti
liu hp ng .
5.14.1.2.6b Cc mi ni thi cng c hiu hon ton .

Cc on dm b tng c sn , c hoc khng c bn c ti ch , c th thc hin
theo hng dc cho c hai loi ti trng tnh v hot vi s t hp ca ko sau v ct thp
.
Chiu rng ca mi ni hp long gia cc on b tng c sn phi cho php m
bo tnh lin tc theo yu cu khi thit k , v ph hp vi mi ni ko sau, nh ng
khng nh hn 300 mm khi mi ni c b tr trong nhp , v100mm ti tr pha trong .
Khi mi ni c t trong nhp , ct thp sn cc mi ni As/s phi l s ln hn ca
ct thp sn ca cc dm k bn.
Trong cc trng hp cng ko sau nhiu giai on, cc on ca ng bc i vi cc b
cp ko trc khi cng chu nn ca b tng bn t f ci phi khng c t trong bn
.
AASHTO cu ng b
5.14.1.2.7. Cc cu gm cc dm t hp c sn nhp gin n c ni

lin tc .
5.14.1.2.7a Tng qut
Cc cu gm cc dm b tng c sn v cc bn b tng c ti ch c th c ni lin
tc chu cc hot ti bng cch dng b tng hp long ti ch ti cc tr , vi cc ct thp
chu ko trong bn, hoc bng cch hp long ti cc v tr khc . Ti cc tr bn
trong , ni cc vch ngang c hp long , vic thit k c th da trn cng b
tng ca c kin c sn .
5.14.1.2.7b Ct thp
Ct thp dc dng thc hin hoc gp phn vo vic ni lin tc cc dm c
sn qua tr bn trong phi neo vo trong vng ca bn , vng c chng t l khng
b nt ti cc trng thi gii hn cng v phi tho mn cc yu cu theo qui nh
trong iu 5.11.1.2.3. neo ct thp ny phi t so le . Ct thp dc thng th ng ca
bn c th dng nh l mt phn ca tng s ct thp yu cu .
5.14.1.2.7c Mc lin tc ti cc trng thi gii hn khc nhau

Nu ng sut ti y ch ni i vi t hp cc ti trng tnh chng ln ln, t bin , co
ngt ,50% hot ti v gra- i-en nhit l nn , khi c th p dng c , mi ni c th
c coi nh c hiu y .
Cc kt cu vi cc mi ni thi cng c hiu y phi thit k theo cc kt cu lin
tc hon ton ti tt c cc trng thi gii hn i vi tt c cc ti trng tc dng sau khi
hp long.
Khi sc khng m men m ti mi ni tr bn trong l nh hn tr s yu cu , cc sc
khng m men dng cc nhp k bn phi c tng mt cch thch hp i vi mi trng
thi gii hn xem xt .
5.14.1.2.8. Cc mi ni thi cng theo hng dc

Cc mi ni thi cng dc gia cc b phn b tng c sn chu un phi c kho c
nhi va khng co ngt t cng chu nn 35 Mpa trong vng 24 gi . Chiu su
kho khng c nh hn 165mm.
Nu cc b phn c ko ghp sau theo phng php ngang , cc cnh trn c th c
gi nh tc ng nh mt bo ton khi , tr thit k bn theo qui nh trong iu
9.7.2. l khng p dng c .
Tr s ng sut trc hng ngang c th xc nh theo hoc phng php di hoc
phn tch hai chiu ,ng sut trc hng ngang, sau mi tn tht , phi khng nh hn
1,7 Mpa truyn qua kho . Trong on cui 900mm u t do , lc ng sut tr c hng
ngang phi ly gp i , Cc b cp cng ko sau hng ngang phi v tr tim kho.
AASHTO cu ng b
5.14.1.3.
Cc dm t hp v dm T c tai ch
5.14.1.3.1. Chiu di cnh v sn

5.14.1.3.1a Cnh nh
Chiu di cc cnh nh dng cc lm bn mt cu phi :
c xc nh theo phn 9
Theo yu cu b tr neo v lp ph bo v khi dng ng sut trc hng ngang v
Khng c nh hn 1/20 ln khong cch trng gia cc ng g nch dm

hoc sn dm , tr khi hoc cc sn ngang t theo cc qung cch bng
khong cch trng c dng hoc b tr ng sut trc ngang.
5.14.1.3.1b Cnh y
Chiu dy cnh y khng c nh hn :
140 mm
1/16 khong cch trng gia cc ng g hoc sn dm hoc cc dm t hp

khng ng sut hoc
1/30 khong cch trng gia cc ng g, nch dm hoc sn dm i vi cc

dm ng sut trc tr khi khong cch cc sn ngang bng vi khong cch trng
c dng.
5.14.1.3.1c Sn dm
Chiu dy cc sn dm phi c xc nh theo cc yu cu i vi lc ct ,xon, lp
ph b tng v b tng .
Cc thay i chiu dy sn dm phi c vut thon u trong chiu di nh nht
bng 12 ln hiu s cc b dy sn dm .
5.14.1.3.2. Ct thp
5.14.13.2a Ct thp bn mt cu ca dm T v dm hp c ti ch
ct thp bn mt cu ca dm T v dm hp c ti ch phi c xc nh hoc
theo cc phng php truyn thng hoc phng php kinh nghim nh qui nh trong
phn 9.
Khi bn mt cu khng ko xa ra khi sn pha ngoi , t nht 1/3 s ct thp
ngang ca lp ct thp y trong bn mt cu phi c ko di qua mt ngoi ca sn v ngm theo mc tiu chun 90 0. Nu bn ko di ra xa pha ngoi , th t nht
1/3 s ct thp ngang lp y phi c ko di vo trong phn hng v bn phi c
neo cch xa mt ngoi ca sn khng nh hn sc khng c cung cp bi neo tiu
chun .
AASHTO cu ng b
5.14.1.3.2b Ct thp bn y trong dm hp c ti ch

Ct thp phn b u 0,4% ca din tch cnh phi c t vo bn y song song
vi nhp dm hoc theo lp n hoc i. Khong cch cc ct thp ny khng ln
hn 450mm.
Ct thp phn b u 0,5 ca din tch mt ct bn , da trn chiu dy nh nht
ca bn phi c t bn y ngang vi nhp dm . Cc ct thp ny phi c phn
b trn c hai mt vi khong cch ln nht l 450mm.
Tt c cc ct ngang trong bn y phi c ko di ti mt ngoi ca sn ngoi trong
mi nhm v c neo bng mc tiu chun 9005.
5.14.2.
Thi cng phn on
5.14.2.1.
Tng qut
Cc yu cu qui nh y phi b xung vo cc yu cu ca phn khc ca b tiu

chun ny i vi cc kt cu b tng c thit k thi cng theo phng php phn
on .
Qui nh y ch c p dng i vi vic thi cng phn on cc kt cu b tng
c t trng bnh thng .
Trong ti liu hp ng phi nu r cc phng n v phng php thi cng khc nhau c
php thc hin v trch nhim ca nh thu i vi phng php nu c chn.
Nu nh thu c bt c thay i no v phng php thi cng hoc thit k u
phi tun th cc yu cu ca iu 5.14.2.5.
5.14.2.2.
Phn tch cc cu phn on
5.14.2.2.1. Tng qut

Vic phn tch cc cu thi cng theo phn on phi tun th theo cc yu cu ca
phn 4 v cc qui nh y.
Phn tch thi cng

phn tch kt cu trong giai on thi cng , cc t hp ti trng thi cng , cc xem
xt v cc ng sut v n nh phi theo qui nh trong iu 5.14.2.3.
5.14.2.2.2. Phn tch h kt cu cui cng

H kt cu cui cng hi c phn tch nhm phn phi li cc tc ng v lc giai
on thi cng do cc bin dng bn trong v cc thay i v iu kin gi v kim
ch.
Cc mi ni trong cc dm phn on c lm lin tc bng thp ko sau khng dnh
bm phi c xem xt i vi tc ng ng thi ca lc dc trc , m-men v lc ct
c th xy ra ti mi ni . Cc tc ng lc ny , khe h ca mi ni v din tch tip
xc cn li gia cc b phn phi c xc nh theo s xem xt tng th v ng bin
v bin dng. Lc ct ch c gi nh truyn qua din tch tip xc.
AASHTO cu ng b
5.14.2.3.
Thit k
5.14.2.3.1. Cc ti trng
Cc ti trng thi cng nh qui nh trong cc iu 5.14.2.3.2 ti 5.14.2.3.4 phi c
xem xt a thm vo cc ti trng qui nh trong phn 3.
5.14.2.3.2. Cc ti trng thi cng

Cc ti trng thi cng v cc iu kin gi nh trong thit k dng xc nh cc
kch thc mt ct , ct thp v / hoc cc yu cu v ng sut trc phi c ch r
nh l tr s cho php ti a trong cc ti liu hp ng thm vo cc ti trng lp dng,
bt k cc gi tm thi hoc ging buc c yu cu no phi c hoc nh theo
ln hoc c bao gm nh l mt phn thit k . Cc lc hp long chp nhn c do
chnh l sai lch v nh v phi c thuyt minh. S cho php thch ng phi lp
ra i vi tt c cc tc ng ca bt k cc thay i ca s kt cu tnh hc trong
khi thi cng v vic p dng , cc thay i hoc tho d cc im gi nh tm thi
ca thit b c bit c xt n cc tc ng ca lc d , cc bin dng v cc tc
ng gy ra ng bin bt k .
Cc ti trng thi cng phi c xem xt .
DC
Trng lng ca kt cu trc .
DIFF =
Ti trng chnh lch , ch c p dng theo phng php thi cng cn bng
hng ly bng 2% ti trng tnh tc dng ln mt cnh hng (N)
DW
Tnh ti giai oan II (N) hoc (N/mm)
CLL =
Hot ti thi cng phn b:S cho php i vi hng mc linh tinh ca xng,
my mc v thit b khc , ngoi thit b lp dng chuyn dng ch yu , c ly bng
4,8x10-4 Mpa din tch mt sn. Trong thi cng hng ti trng ny ly bng 4,8x10 -4
Mpa trn mt cnh hng v 2,4x10 4 Mpa trn cnh kia . i vi cc cu thi cng theo phng php c y , ti trng ny c th b qua (N) .
CE
=
Thit b thi cng chuyn dng : l ti trng t bt k thit b chuyn dng
no , bao gm xe c , cn cu lao dm v ti,dn hoc cc kt cu ph ch yu tng t , cc xe ch phn on v cc ti trng ln nht tc ng vo kt cu do thit
b trong khi cu cc phn on(N)
IE =
L ti trng ng do thit b gy ra c xc nh theo loi my d kin (N)
CLE =
Ti trng thit b thi cng theo hng dc ; ti trng theo hng dc thit b
thi cng (N).
U = Khng cn bng phn on : l tc ng bt k ca cc phn on no mt cn
bng hoc iu kin khng bnh thng khc khi ph hp . iu ny ch yu p dng
cho vic thi cng hng cn bng nhng c th m rng bao gm bt k trnh t cu
nhc khng bnh thng no , m trnh t ny khng phi l c iu ch yu ca
h thi cng chung (N)
WS =
(Mpa)
Ti trng gi nm ngang ln cc kt cu ph hp vi yu cu ca phn 3
WE =
l (Mpa)
Ti trng gi nm ngang tc ng ln thit b ly theo 4.8x10 -4 ca mt
AASHTO cu ng b

WUP =
Lc nng ca gi trn hng :2,4x10 -4 Mpa ca din tch mt sn i vi
phng php thi cng hng :2,4x10 -4 Mpa ca din tch mt sn i vi phng php thi
cng hng cn bng c tc ng ch trn mt bn , tr khi s phn tch v cc iu
kin ti ch hoc hnh dng kt cu l khc (Mpa)
A =
Trng lng tnh ca phn on c sn ang cu (N)
AI = p ng ng hc do s tho hoc t bt ng mt ti trng phn on c

sn, hoc t t ngt mt ti trng tnh khc c cng thm vi tnh ti , c ly
bng 100% ca ti trng A(N).
CR
Cc tc ng t bin ph hp vi iu 5.14.2.3.6.
SH
Co ngt ph hp vi iu 5.14.2.3.6 v
T = Tc ng nhit : Tng cc tc ng do thay i do thay nhit ng u

(TU) v ga-i -en nhit (TG)()
5.14.2.3.3. Cc t hp ti trng thi cng trng thi gii hn s dng

Phi xc nh cc ng sut ti cc trng thi gii hn s dng nh c qui nh trong
Bng 1. vi bng ny dng cc ghi ch sau y :
Ghi ch 1: thit b khng lm vic
Ghi ch 2 : lp dng bnh thng
Ghi ch 3 : di chuyn thit b.
Cc ng sut cho php tun th theo iu 5.9.4.
S phn b v p dng cc ti trng lp dng ring bit , thch hp i vi giai on thi
cng. Phi c la chn to ra cc tc ng bt li nht . ng sut nn b tng do ti
trng thi cng khng phi vt qu 0,5fc vi fc l cng chu nn lc t ti trng .
Cc ng sut ko trong b tng do ti trng thi cng phi vt qu cc tr s c qui nh
trong bng 1 tr i vi cc kt cu c t hn 60% kh nng chu ko do cc b cng
bn trong cung cp v c mi ni loi A, cc
ng sut ko khng c vt qu 0,25 f c'
v i vi cc kt cu c mi
ni loi B, khng cho php c cc ng sut ko
AASHTO cu ng b
AASHTO cu ng b
AASHTO cu ng b
tion
AASHTO cu ng b
1.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
DIFF
1.0
DC
Load
Combina
1.0
0.0
1.0 0.3
1.0
1.0
0.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 TG 1.0
f c'
1.0
0.5
f c'
1.0
1.0
10 1.0 TG 1.0
0.0 0.3 1.0
0.58
0.0
0.0 0.3
1.0
f c'
1.0
0.5
f c'
1.0
1.0
1.0 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 TG 1.0
0.58
1.0
0.0 0.7
0.0
f c'
1.0
0.5
f c'
1.0
1.0
0.7 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 TG 1.0
0.58
0.0
0.0 0.7
0.0
1.0
f c'
0.0
1.0
0.5
f c'
0.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 TG 1.0
0.0
EH
EV
ES
1.0
TU
1.0
SH
TG
CR
WA
WE
TG
WUP
Including
other
Loads
0.58
0.0
0.0
WS
0.0 0.0
0.0
CLE
Loads
Earth Excluding
load
other
f c'
1.0
1.0
IE
Other Load
0.5
f c'
1.0
1.0
CE
Wind Load
Tensile Stress Limits Note See
0.58
1.0 1.0
CLL
Live Load
LOAD FACTIORS
0.58
0.5
f c'
f c'
5.14.2.3.4. Cc t hp ti trng thi cng cc trng thi gii hn cng

Sc khng tnh ton ca cc b phn c xc nh bng cch dng cc h s sc khng
nh qui nh trong iu 5.5.4.2.2 phi khng c nh hn l cc yu cu theo cc t hp
ti trng tnh ton sau y :
i vi cc tc ng lc ln nht :
=1,1( DL + DIFF ) +1,3CE + A + Al
(5.14.2.3.4-1)
i vi cc tac ng nh nht :
= DL + CE + A + Al
(5.14.2.3.4-2)
5.14.2.3.5. Cc tc mg nhit trong khi thi cng

Cc tc nhit c th xy ra trong khi thi cng cu phi c xem xt .
Cc thay i t ra v nhit dng cho cc gi cu v cc khe co gin phi c
thuyt minh trong ti liu hp ng.
5.14.2.3.6. T bin v co ngt

H s t bin (t,t1) phi c xc nh hoc theo iu 5.4.2.3 hoc bng th nghim
tng hp .Cc ng sut phi c xc nh phn b li cc ng sut kim ch do
t bin v co ngt c da trn tin trnh thi cng gi nh trong thuyt minh trong ti
liu hp ng .
xc nh ng lo sau cui cng , cc mt mt ng sut trc phi c tnh ton theo
tin trnh thi cng c ghi trong ti liu hp ng .
5.14.2.3.7. Mt mt ng sut trc

Phi p dng cc qui nh ca iu 5.9.5.
5.14.2.3.8. ng bc v neo ko sau d phng

5.14.2.3.8a Tng qut
Cc iu khon iu chnh ng lc b vi cc tn tht khng d kin , hoc trong
khi thi cng hoc lc mun hn ,cc ti trng tnh tng lai , khng ch nt v vng
phi c xem xt . Khi cc iu chnh nh trn c xem xt l cn thit cc yu cu qui
nh y phi c tho mn .
5.14.2.3.8b Cc cu c cc ng bc t bn trong
i vi cc cu c cc ng bc t bn trong , neo d phng v dung lng ca ng dng
cho cc tao cp chu m men m v m men dng t i xng vi tim cu phi to
ra c s tng thm ca lc ko sau trong khi thi cng u tin . Tng tim nng ca lc
AASHTO cu ng b

d phng ca c hai loi neo v ng bc m men dng v m khng c nh hn 5%
tng cc lc m men dng v m ko sau . Cc neo dng cho cc ng lc trc d phng
phi phn b u n qua 3 phn on t dc theo chiu di cu . Mi s n dm
phi b tr t nht mt ng bc rng . i vi cu lin tc khng cn s dng ti kh
nng ca ng bc v neo d phng chu m men dng trong phm vi 25% chiu di
nhp v hai pha ca cc gi tr.
Bt k ng bc d phng no khng s dng hiu chnh lc ko sau phi c
bm va vo cng lc vi cc ng bc khc trong nhp .
5.14.2.3.8c. D tr cho tnh ti tng lai hoc vng .

Phi c d tr cho vic a vo v vic gn neo qua cc l m v cc khi chuyn hng
cho php v sau b sung cc b tao cp t bn ngoi khng dnh kt c chng
n mn v t bn trong hnh hp mt cch i xng vi tim cu to lc ko sau khng
nh hn 10% mmen dng v m men m.
5.14.2.3.9. Cch trnh by cc bn v cng sau

5.14.2.3.9.a Tng qut
Cc ti liu hp ng phi theo mt trong hai cch trnh by sau :
Cch A:C y bn v chi tit cu to v kch thc bao gm chiu di phn
on ,mi ni thi cng kch thc v qui cch b thp ,cc lc kch , cc chi tit cu to
ca thp khng ng sut trc , s liu v vng ngc v mt phng php thi cng
thng nht .
Cch B: Cc bn v trnh by kch thc b tng , chiu di phn on ,v chi tit cu to
ca thp khng ng sut trc ,cc yu cu v lch tm trn cc biu ca lc
v/hoc m men sau khi mt mt thi im thi cng, s liu v vng ngc v mt
phng php thi cng thng nht .
5.14.2.3.9b Lp ti liu hp ng theo cch A

Khi ngi k s lp mt ti liu hp ng theo cch A, h phi hon ton chu trch
nhim v nhng thng tin c cung cp trn bn v , bao gm chnh xc v kch thc
khng b chng cho khi thi cng Ngi k s cng phi chu trch nhim v tnh kh
thi ca cc giai on thi cng m thit k da vo .
Cc ti liu hp ng phi gip cho nh thu sot xt li cc kch thc ca b thp
v s b tr trn cc bn v vi cc iu kin l lc cng sau v m men do lc cng sau
ngha l cc lc nhn vi cc lch tm khng nh hn cc tr s c trnh by trn
bn v vi y chi tit khng c ln hn 5% bt k mt ct no . Trong trng hp
nh th cc ti liu hp ng phi yu cu nh thu chuyn b cc bn v kch thc v
b tr , xc nh d mt mt do ma st thi im gy ng lc v chu trch nhim
v cc sa i .
5.14.2.3.9c Lp ti liu hp ng theo cch B

Khi ngi k s lp ti liu hp ng theo cch B, k s phi chu trch nhim v s y
i vi ton b kt cu , bao gm c giai on thi cng lm c s cho vic thit
k . Cc ti liu hp ng phi cho nh thu c th chn kch c v bn v b
AASHTO cu ng b

tr cc b cp . Trong ti liu hp ng phi yu cu nh thu p ng biu m
men do ng sut sau khi mt mt do ma st nhng cha tnh co ngt , t bin v do thp
v khng vt qu tr s ny trn 5%, nh thu phi chu trch nhim v vic chi tit
ho bn v b tr thp v phi chu trch nhim chuyn b cc bn v thi cng chi tit
cho vic ct , un ct thp khng ng sut trc c ch r trong ti liu hp ng .
5.14.2.3.9d Cc bn v thi cng

Cc bn v thi cng cho vic cng sau v cho cc c kin cn chn khc nh cc khe co
gin ,cc gi v cc bu lng neo do nh cung cp giao phi c k s kim tra li v
duyt cho ng vi thit k v ph hp vi cc bn v thit k v cc ch dn k
thut . Trong trng hp cc ti liu hp ng c chuyn b theo cch A c iu
chnh hoc cc ti liu hp ng khng cung cp thng tin chi tit v kch thc nh
i vi cc hp ng c chuyn b theo cch B th nh thu phi chu trch nhim b
tr tt c cc vt chn di v sa cha mi s chng cho . Cc bn v b tr cng sau ,
phi l bn v quyt nh vic b tr ct thp khng ng sut trc .Trong trng hp
c bit v tr ca thp khng ng sut trc phi c iu chnh khng lm vng cc b thp
5.14.2.3.10.
Kch thc v chi tit mt ct ngang dm hp
5.14.2.3.10a B dy ti thiu ca cnh dm

B dy ca cnh trn v cnh di khng c nh hn bt k tr s no sau y:
1/30 khong cch tnh gia cc bng dm hoc nch dm .Nu nh hn th

phi t cc vch theo cc khong cch bng khong cch tnh gia cc bng
dm hoc nch dm.
B dy ca cnh trn khng c nh hn 225mm trong cc vng neo cho vic

cng sau theo phng ngang v khng nh hn 200mm bn ngoi vng neo
hoc i vi cc bn ng sut trc. Phi dng d ng lc sau hoc trc theo phng ngang khi khong cch tnh gia cc bng dm hoc nch dm bng
hoc ln hn 4500 mm. Cc b thp dng cng trc theo phng ngang phi c
ng knh bng 12.7 mm hoc nh hn .
5.14.2.3.10b . Chiu dy ti thiu ca bng dm

Phi dng cc gi tr ti thiu sau y tr trng hp c ch dn khc c qui nh
trong ti liu ny :
Cc bng dm khng c b thp cng sau theo phng dc hoc phng ng :

200mm
Cc bng dm ch dng b thp cng sau theo phng dc hoc theo phng
ng : 300mm
Cc bng dm c b thp cng sau theo c hai hng dc v ng :375mm
Chiu dy ti thiu ca bng dm c sn tng cng c th ly bng 175mm
AASHTO cu ng b
5.14.2.3.10c Chiu di phn hng ca cnh trn dm

Chiu di phn hng ca cnh trn o t bng dm khng nn vt qu 0,45 nhp bn
trong ca cnh trn tnh theo tim ca cc bng dm .
5.14.2.3.10d Cc kch thc chung ca mt ct ngang

Kch thc ph b ca mt ct ngang ca dm hp thng phi ly khng nh hn cc
kch thc theo yu cu gii hn vng do hot ti cng vi lc xung kch gy ra l
1/1000 nhp . Nu tnh theo m men qun tnh ca mt ct th v m un n hi
ct tuyn .Ti phi bao gm tt c cc ln xe c cht ti y v phi hiu chnh h
s ln cht ti theo ch dn iu 3.6.1.1.2 . Phi coi hot ti phn b u trn tt c
cc c kin chu un dc .
5.14.2.3.11.
Thit k v ng t
Trong thit k phn trn phn on c ct chu cc m men t ti cc lin kt cu phn

trn phi c xem xt cc lc khp do trn ph hp vi iu 3.10.9.4.3. Cc kt cu phn
trn ca cu nm trongvng ng t 3. Cc mi ni phn on phi kh nng
truyn c cc tc ng ca ng t.
Phi b tr cc b thp bn trong tnh ti kt cu phn trn vi h s ti trng
bng 1,3 vng ng t 3 . Tr s trung bnh ca ng sut trong thp ng sut tr c
ca cc b thp bn trong di tc ng ca ti trng ny phi c tnh ton ph hp vi
iu 5.7.3.11.Cc b thp bn ngoi khng c chu qu 50% ca ton b lc ko sau
ca thp
5.14.2.4.
Cc loi cu phn on
5.14.2.4.1. Tng qut

Cc cu c kt cu phn trn thit k theo t tng phn on phi tun th cc yu
cu c qui nh y , da trn phng php b tng v phng php lp dng c
dng .
5.14.2.4.2. Cc cu to v chi tit thi cng c sn

Cng chu nn ca cc phn on b tng c sn trc khi tho vn khun khng
c nh hn 17 Mpa v phi c tui tng ng vi 14 ngy 210C trc khi lp vo
kt cu
Cc nhm kho chng ct c g nh ti mi ni c i u sn dm ca cc cu
phn on c sn phi c ko di trn chiu cao sn dm chng no cn ph hp vi
cc chi tit khc . Chi tit ca cc kho chng ct sn dm nen l tng t vi kho
chng ct c th hin hnh 1 .Cc kho chng ct cng phi c b tr trn bn
nh v y c th l cc kho c kin n ln hn .
AASHTO cu ng b
Hnh 5.14.2.4.2-1 V d ca kho chng ct c g nh .

Cc mi ni dng trong cc cu phn on c sn phi hoc l hp long c ti ch
hoc dng i u.
Cc cu phn on c sn s dng cc b tao cp ko sau t bn trong nm trong
cc vng chu cc nhit ng bng hoc chu tc ng ca cc ho cht lm tan
bng phi s dng cc mi ni loi A. Cc cu phn on c sn khc c th dng mi
ni loi B nh qui nh trong iu 5.5.4.2.2.
i vi cc mi ni loi A, h thng ng sut phi to ra mt ng sut chu nn nh
nht bng 0.21 Mpa v mt ng sut trung bnh 0.28 Mpa i qua mi ni cho n khi
pxy ng cng .
5.14.2.4.3. Cc cu to v chi tit v thi cng

Phi s l cc mi ni cc phn on c ti ch hoc bng cch lm nhm g g c
ch l ra cc ct liu th hoc bng cch s dng cc mng chng ct . Chiu
rng ca cc mi ni hp long phi ni cc ng bc thp .
Phi lm cc vch ngn m tr, cc mi ni khp ,cc im gc bn cnh di ca cc
kt cu c vt thng , cc vch ngn phi m bo c chc to cc m tr , tr khi c
khot l cho cc thit b cng ch hay cho ngi qua li .
Cc vch ngn phi rng theo yu cu ca thit k vi cao ti thiu trn cc gi
khng nh hn 150mm.
5.14.2.4.4. Thi cng hng

Cc iu khon qui nh y phi c s dng cho c hai phng php thi cng hng
c sn v c ti ch.
Cc b tao cp t dc phi c neo vo trong cc sn dm , cc bn hoc cc vu
t ngoi sn dm hoc bn . Mi phn on phi c neo t nht hai b tao cp
t dc .
AASHTO cu ng b

on kt cu hng phi c nghin cu v mt chng lt trong khi lp dng . H
s an ton chng lt khng c nh hn di bt k t hp ti trng no, nh c qui nh
trong iu 5.14.2.3.3. Tc gi nh nht i vi s phn tch v n nh lp
dng phi ly bng 90 Km/h , tr khi c cc nh gi tt hn v tc gi c th xy ra
t c bng phn tch hoc cc h s kh tng .
Cc b tao cp lin tc phi c neo cch xa im cc ng sut c yu cu theo l
thuyt t nht mt phn on.
Cc chiu di phn on gi nh trong thit k c th hin trn cc bn v . Bt k
thay i no do nh thu kin ngh phi c da vo s phn tch li v mt thi
cng v tnh ton cc ng sut cui cng.
Trng lng xe c gi nh trong tnh ton ng sut v vng phi c thuyt minh
trn cc bn v .
5.14.2.4.5. Thi cng theo phng php tng nhp mt

Cc qui nh phi c lp ra khi thit k cc cu thi cng theo phng php tng nhp
mt vi cc ng sut thi cng tch lu do thay i trong h kt cu theo tin trnh
xy dng.
Cc ng sut sinh ra do cc thay i trong h kt cu , c bit l cc tc ng ca
vic t ti ln mt h v d n khi h khc phi tnh ti . S phn phi li ng sut
nh vy do t bin phi c xem xt v lp ra s cho php i vi cc thay i c th
v ng sut v ln ca t bin.
5.14.2.4.6. Thi cng theo phng php c y

5.14.2.4.6a Tng qut
Cc ng sut trong tt c cc giai on lao khng c vt qu cc gii hn qui nh trong
iu 5.9.4 i vi cc c kin c ct thp dnh kt qua mi ni v cac b tao cp
t pha trong .
Nu kt cu c lao theo chiu dc xung , qui nh v chng li cc lc ma st trn
cc kt cu phn di trong khi lao v kim ch kt cu phn trn phi c thit lp
.i vi vic xc nh cc lc nguy him , lc ma sat trn gi khi lao phi c gi
nh thay i trong khong 0 n 4% ly gi tr no nguy him hn . Tr s cao c
th gim ti 3.5% nu ln ca cc tr v cc lc kch lao c gim st trong thi cng .
5.14.2.4.6b Cc tc ng lc do cc sai s thi cng

Cc tc ng lc do cc sai s thi cng cho php sau y ra phi c t chng ln cc
tc ng gy ra do cc tc ng ca ti trng trong lc :
Trong phng dc gia hai gi k nhau ..............................................5mm
Trong phng ngang gia hai gi k nhau2.......................................,5mm
Gia din tch ch to v thit b lao
trong phng dc v ngang nhau......................................................2,5mm
lch tm pha ngoi sn dm .................................................2,5mm
AASHTO cu ng b

Lc nm ngang tc dng ln cc gi dn bn ca cc gi lao khng ly nh hn 1% ca
phn lc gi thng ng.
i vi cc ng sut trc trong khi thi cng ,mt na cc tc ng lc do sai s thi cng
gy ra v mt na cc tc ng nhit gy ra ph hp vi iu 5.14.2.3 phi c
chng thm ln trn cc tc ng do ti trng trng lc .Cc ng sut ko ca b tng do
m men t hp phi khng vt qu 0,58 f c'
5.14.2.4.6c Cc chi tit thit k

Cc tr v cc vch ngn kt cu phn trn ti cc tr phi c thit k cho php
kch kt cu phn trn trong tt c cc giai on lao v lp t cc gi vnh
cu . Cc lc ma st trong khi lao phi c xem xt trong thit k kt cu phn di .
Ti pha di cc sn dm ,cc ng sut cc b c th tng ln trong khi lao phi c
nghin cu . cc yu cu sau y phi c tho mn .
Cc tm m lao phi c t cch mp ngoi sn dm khng nh hn 75mm.
Lp bo v b tng gia y v ng bc ko sau phi khng c nh hn 150mm

v
Cc p lc gi ti gc sn dm y phi c nghin cu v cc tc ng ca ng
bc khng c phun va , v bt k lch tm no gia ch giao nhau ca cc
ng tim sn dm v bn y vi ng tim ca gi phi c xem xt .
Cc b thp thng cn cho vic lao dm phi t trong cc bn nh v bn y ca

cc dm hp v trong khong mt phn ba v pha di ca bng dm T .Trong mt
mi ni thi cng khng c ni qu 50% s b thp .Cc neo v cc v tr ca ct thp
thng phi c thit k theo sc khng ca b tng thi im cng ko .
cc mt ct ca mi ni thi cng phi b tr mng chng ct hay s l g gh m
bo bin nhm ti thiu l 6mm .Ct thp thng khng dnh kt phi c b tr
theo hng dc v ngang ti tt c cc b mt b tng i qua mi ni v v t qua n v
mi pha mt khong 2100mm. B tr ct thp ti thiu phi tng ng vi cc thanh
thp No 13 t cch nhau 125 mm.
5.14.2.4.6d Thit k thit b thi cng

Nu trong ti liu hp ng trnh by thi cng theo phng php c y , khi thit k
cc thit b phi bao hm nhng khng gii hn nhng im nu i y :
Cc dung sai trong xy dng b mt trt y ca mi dn lao dm phi c gii hn
theo cc dung sai ca kt cu phn trn c qui nh trong iu 5.14.2.4.6b.
Phi kho st vic a cc phn lc tc dng ln mi lao v sc khng, n nh v
bin dng .
Phi thit k cc gi lao dm sao cho chng c th b li chuyn hng cc b ca
mt trt ti 2mm do bin dng n hi gy ra.
Cc thit b lao phi c kich c m bo cho ma st qui nh trong iu 5.1.4.2.4.6a
v dc thc t ca kt cu phn trn.
Phi thit k cc thit b lao dm sao cho khi b mt in s khng dn n kt
cu phn trn b trt khng kim sot c .
AASHTO cu ng b

H s ma st gia b tng v cc b mt thp hnh c gia cng cng ca thit b lao
phi ly bng 60% trng thi gii hn s dng v lc ma st khng c vt qu lc ko l
30%.
Cc vn khun lm b mt trt pha di v bn ngoi bng dm phi chu c mi mn
v cng m bo vng ca chng khi c khng vt qu 2mm .
5.14.2.4.7. Cu dm phn on c sn
5.14.2.4.4.7a Tng qut
Phi thit k cu dm phn on c sn theo cc qui nh trong tiu chun ny v
theo cc qui nh b xung nu trong phn ny .
5.14.2.4.7b Ct thp phn on

Cc phn on ca cu dm phn on tt nht l phn c ko trc
chu tnh ti hon ton v ton b ti trng thi cng gii hn ng sut ko trong b
tng l 0,25 f c;
. Nu cc phn on khng dng ct thp
ng sut trc phi p dng cc qui nh ca iu 5.7.3.4
5.14.2.4.7c Cc mi ni
B rng cc mi ni c ti ch phi m bo thi cng ni cc ng v rung m
b tng . Sc khng nn ca b tng mi ni tui qui nh phi ph hp vi cc gii hn
ca ng sut thit k .B mt ca cc phn on c sn phi c s l to nhm g
gh l ra cc ct liu th hoc phi to cc mng chng ct theo iu 5.14.2.4.2.
Cc mi ni theo kiu in on c th qut keo pxy dng cho cc cu dm phn on
phi c thit k theo iu 5.14.2.4.2. phi to ra mt ng lc nn ti thiu l 0,28 Mpa
cho mi ni trong thi k keo pxy cha c hiu lc
5.14.2.4.7d Ko sau
C th tin hnh ko sau trc hoc sau khi b tng bn mt cu . C th tin
hnh ko sau mt phn to s lin tc ca dm trc khi b tng bn mt cu
v cng ni sau khi bn mt cu Phi s dng cc u ni ph hp vi iu
5.10.3.5. phi ch c bit n nh hng ca phn l trng dnh cho cc u ni
khi tnh cc c trng mt ct lc cng sau.
Nu cc b thp kt thc mt nh dm th ti liu hp ng phi c yu cu v
ng to l c bo v trnh mi vt tch t li trong qu trnh thi cng . phi b tr thit
b thot nc ti cc im thp ca ng b thp .
5.14.2.5.
Dng cc phng php thi cng khc
Nu trong h s hp ng khng tun theo phng n k thut d kin , nh thu c

th chn phng n xy dng khc thc hin v chn mt s s ko sau ci tin
, thch hp vi phng php thi cng chn .Khi nh thu phi cung cp bn tnh
AASHTO cu ng b

kt cu nu r cc lc ko sau v lch tm th hin qua bn v thi cng tho mn
mi yu cu ca tiu chun thit k . Nu c yu cu b xung v vic cng ko sau
trong cc giai on xy dng hoc v cc l do khc , phi chng minh cc ng sut
nhng mt ct nguy him trong kt cu giai on kt thc xy dng thomn cc
qui nh v ng sut cho php theo cc tiu chun thit k. Vic d b phn cng
ko sau tm thi t c cc iu kin ni trn l c php thc hin. c b
xung thm ct thp thng trong giai on thi cng . Nh thu phi cung cp mi vt
liu b sung thm trong giai on xy dng v khng c ch u t thanh ton i vi
chi ph cho cc vt liu b sung .
Cc iu khon c bit trong hp ng c th a vo qui nh v phngn k
thut d kin trong cho php thc hin cc phng php thi cng theo phng n ca
nh thu v yu cu phi thit k li kt cu giai on kt thc xy dng.
Cc chi ph ca nh thu trong vic thit k k thut cho phng n d kin v chi ph
ca ch u t kim tra thit k k thut phi c xem xt mt phn ca chi
ph thit k li kt cu.
Khong cch tr tim ng tr , din mo ngoi ca b tng v kch thc khng c thay
i so vi tiu chun k thut d kin , tr khi h s hp ng cho php .
i vi phng n k thut d kin , nh thu phi cung cp y h s tnh ton
thit k v cc bn v hp ng sa li . Vic thit k li ph ngn k thut d kin
phi giao cho mt k s chuyn ngng c kinh nghim thit k cu phn on m
nhim .
5.14.2.6.
Kt cu phn di ca cu phn on
5.14.2.6.1. Tng qut

Thit k m tr phi tun theo phn 11 v cc qui nh trong phn ny . khi thit k
phi xt cc ti trng lp rp , m man v lc ct tc dng ln m , tr do phng php
xy dng c th hin trong cc h s hp ng .Cc tr v ging lin kt ph tm phi
c th hin r rng theo yu cu . Phi thit k cc tr c sn phn on hnh ch
nht rng theo iu 5.7.4.7. C th tnh ton din tch ct thp thng dc khng lin
tc theo qui nh ca iu 5.14.2.6.3.
5.14.2.6.2. T hp ti trng thi cng

Phi tnh ng sut ko trong cc kt cu phn di phn on pht sinh trong qu trnh
thi cng di cc t hp ti trng theo bng 5.14.2.3.3-1
5.14.2.6.3. Ct thp dc ca cc tr phn on c sn mt ct hnh

ch nht rng .
Din tch ti thiu ca ct thp thng dc v khng lin tc trong cc tr c sn
phn on mt ct hnh ch nht rng phi tho mn cc qui nh v ct thp chu
nhit v co ngt qui nh trong iu 5.10.8 .
AASHTO cu ng b
5.14.3.
Vm
5.14.3.1.
Tng qut
Hnh dng ca vm phi c la chn sao cho s un l nh nht di tc ng ca t

hp ti trng thng xuyn v nht thi .
5.14.3.2.
Sn vm
n nhtrong mt phng ca sn vm (cc sn vm ) phi c nghin cu qua

mun n hi v cc m men qun tnh thch hp i vi t hp ti trng v m men
trong sn vm (cc sn vm ).
Thay cho s phn tch chnh xc chiu di c hiu khi b on (mt n nh khi b
un dc ), c th nh gi theo tch s ca na chiu di nhp vm v h s qui
nh trong bng 4.5.3.2.2c-1.
Cc qui nh ca iu 4.5.2.2 c th s dng phn tch cc sn vm . khi s
dng s chnh l xp x th cp i vi m men qui nh trong iu 4.5.3.2.2c, s
tnh ton v m un n hi ct tuyn ngn hn c th c tnh theo qui nh trong
iu 5.4.2.4 da trn cng 0,fc .
Cc sn dm phi t ct thp nh l cc c kin chu nn . Ct thp ti thiu ly
bng 1% din tch b tng nguyn phi c phn b u trn mt ct sn vm .Ct
thp thp ai(kim ch ) phi b tr theo nh yu cu i vi cc ct.
Cc tng trn lng vm phi b tr cc mi ni co gin v phi b tr ct thp chng
nhit tng ng vi khong cch mi ni .
Tng lng vm phi c ni ti ng sn vm .
Phi b tr thot kh nc t p trn tng lng vm , phi b tr cc b lc bng vt
liu mn phng nga lm tc s tiu nc .
5.14.4.
Kt cu bn
5.14.4.1.
Kt cu bn c c ti ch
Cc bn c ct thp dc c ti ch c th l bn ct thp thng hoc ng sut trc

v c th s dng nh cc cu dng bn v cc np cng .
S phn b ca hot ti c th xc nh theo hai hng hoc theo qui nh trong iu
4.6.2.3. Cc bn v cc cu bn c thit k theo m men ph hp iu 4.6.2.3 c th
c xem nh tho mn vi lc ct .
Phi b tr dm mp theo qui nh trong iu 9.7.1.4.
Ct thp phn b ngang phi c t y ca cc bn ,tr np cng hoc cc bn
ca cu , chiu cao ca t p vt qu 600mm s lng ct thp ngang y c
th xc nh hoc theo phn tch hai hng hoc s lng ct thp phn b c th
ly theo phn trm ca ct thp ch cn thit vi m men dng c ly theo :
i vi kt cu b tng ct thp theo hng dc .
AASHTO cu ng b

(5.14.4.1-1)
1750
50%
L
i vi kt cu ng sut trc hng dc

1750 f pe
.
50%
L 410
(5.14.4.1-2)
trong :
L =
Chiu di nhp (m)
fpe =
ng sut c hiu trong thp ng sut trc sau cc tn tht .(Mpa)
Co ngt ngang v ct thp chng nhit nh cc bn phi tun th theo cc yu cu

ca iu 5.10.8.
5.14.4.2.
Kt cu bn rng c ti ch
5.14.4.2.1. Cc kch thc mt ct ngang

Cc kt cu phn trn bn rng c ti ch c th c ko sau theo c hai hng dc v
ngang.
i vi cc l rng hn hnh trn , khong cch t tim ti cc l rng khng nn nh hn
tng chiu cao bn v b dy nh nht ca b tng c ly ti tim l rng thng gc vi
mt ngoi phi khng nh hn 140mm.
i vi l rng hnh ch nht ,chiu rng theo hng ngang ca l khng vt qu 1,5 ln
chiu cao rng , chiu dy sn gia cc l rng khng nn nh hn 20% tng chiu
cao bn mt cu v chiu dy nh nht ca b tng bn trn cc l rng khng nn nh
hn 175 mm.
Chiu dy cnh y phi tho mn cc yu cu qui nh trong iu 5.14.1.3b.
Khi cc l rng tun th theo cc yu cu kch thc y v khi ng sut rng khng
vt qu 40%, kt cu phn trn c th c phn tch nh l bn bng cch s dng
hoc cc qui nh ca iu 4.6.2.3 hoc theo phn tch hai hng i vi cc tm
ng hng .
Nu ng sut rng vt qu 40% , kt cu phn trn phi c s l theo kt cu c ngn
v c phn tch theo :
Hp nhiu l lin khi ,theo qui nh trong iu 4.6.2.2.1-1 loi d hoc
Tm trc hng hoc
Continum ba hng
AASHTO cu ng b
5.14.4.2.2. S lng gi t nht

Cc ct c th c ngm trong c kin phn trn ,hoc mt gi n c th dng
cho cc gi bn trong cc kt cu lin tc .t nht phi c hai gi c dng ti im
cu .
Quay theo hng ngang ca c kin phn trn phi khng vt qu 0,5% ti trng thi gii
hn s dng.
Cc mt ct u bn c
Mt ct t nht di 900mm ,nhng khng nh hn 5%c hiu di nhp phi c b tr
ti hai u nhp . Cc vng neo ko sau phi tho mn yu cu qui nh trong iu
5.10.9. Khi thiu s phn tch k hn cc mt ct c ca mt cu c th c
phn tch theo dm ngang bng cch phn b li cc lc ti cc gi cu v ti cc neo
ko sau .
Cc yu cu thit k tng qut
i vi cc bn rng ,s tun th theo cc iu khon ca iu 5.14.4.2.1 cc tc ng
ng lc tng th v cc b do cc ti trng bnh xe khng cn t hp. Cnh nh
ca mt cu c cc l rng hnh ch nht c th c hoc c phn tch thit k
theo mt bn khung , hoc c thit k vi cc qui nh ca phng php kinh nghim
nh c qui nh trong iu 9.7.2.
Phn nh bn trn cc l rng hnh trn c lm vi cc vn khun thp rng phi c
ko sau theo hng ngang. Ti chiu dy b tng nh nht ,nn trc bnh qun sau ton
b cc tn tht , nh c qui nh trong iu 5.9.5 khng c nh hn 3,5 Mpa. Khi c
ko sau theo hng ngang, thp tng cng khng cn thit t trong b tng trn cc
l rng trn.
co ngt ngang v thp chng nhit ti y bn rng phi c tho mn cc yu cu
theo qui nh trong iu 5.10.8 .
Thot nc ca cc l rng
Phi b tr y s thot nc ca cc l rng ph hp vi cc qui nh ca iu
2.6.6.5.
5.14.4.3.
Cu c bn mt cu c sn
5.14.4.3.1. Tng qut

Cc n nguyn b tng c sn k nhau trong phng dc c th c ni vi nhau theo
hng ngang to h mt cu. Cc n nguyn b tng c sn c th l lin tc
ch vi ti trng nht thi hoc cho c hai loi ti trng thng xuyn v nht thi . S
lin tc theo phng php lp tng nhp phi ph hp vi cc qui nh trong iu
5.14.1.2.6.
Khi khng b tr lp ph trn b tng kt cu , chiu dy nh nht ca b tng phi
bng 140mm nh ca cc b phn l rng trong v 175mm cho tt c cc b phn
khc .
AASHTO cu ng b
5.14.4.3.2. Cc b phn truyn lc ct

Cc b c sn hng dc c th c ni vi nhau theo hng ngang bi kho chng ct
c chiu cao khng nh hn 175mm. V mc ch phn tch mi ni truyn lc ct
theo hng dc phi c m hnh ho nh cc cht .
Mi ni phi c lp y va khng co ngt vi cng nn t nht bng 35 Mpa
tui 24 gi .
5.14.4.3.3. Cc mi ni truyn lc ct un
5.14.4.3.3a Tng qut
Cc b phn c sn theo phng dc c th c ni vi nhau bng ng sut trc ko
ngang cc mi ni hp long c c ti ch , lp ph bn trn kt cu c t hp cc iu
.
5.14.4.3.3b Thit k
Cc mt ct c cc mi ni truyn lc ct un cn c m hnh ho theo cc tm lin
tc , tr cch m phng php thit k theo kinh nghim ca iu 9.7.2 khng c dng.
Cc mi ni phi c thit k nh l cc b phn chu un , bng cch tho mn qui
nh ca iu 5.14.1.2.8.
5.14.4.3.3c S ko sau
S ko sau theo phng ngang phi c phn b u n theo phng dc. Cc mi
ni nh ra ngoi c th c s dng vic ni ng bc ko sau d dng . Chiu cao
chu nn ca mi ni phi khng c nh hn 175mm, v ng sut trc sau ton b
cc tn tht khng c nh hn 1,7 Mpa trong mi ni .
5.14.4.3.3d Cc mi ni thi cng theo phng dc

Phi s dng qui nh ca iu 5.14.1.2.8.
5.14.4.3.3e Mi ni hp long c ti ch
B tng dng trong mi ni hp long nn c cng c th so snh vi cng ca cc
b phn c sn . Chiu rng ca mi ni dc phi ln t c ct thp trong
mi ni , nhng trong bt k trng hp no b rng mi ni khng c nh hn 300mm.
5.14.4.3.3f Lp ph mt trn kt cu
Nu s dng lp ph mt trn kt cu ci thin s phn b ti trng c qui nh
theo cc iu 4.6.2.2.2 v 4.6.2.2.3 chiu dy ca lp ph b tng mt kt cu khng
c nh hn 115mm, phi b tr mt li ct thp ng hng ph hp vi cc yu cu ca
iu 5.10.8. mt nh ca cc cu kin c sn phi c x l nhm .
5.14.5.
Cc qui nh ph thm vi cng
5.14.5.1.
Tng qut
Cc kha cnh t kt cu ca vic thit k cng c qui nh trong phn 12.

AASHTO cu ng b
5.14.5.2.
Thit k theo un
Phi p dng qui nh ca iu 5.7.
5.14.5.3.
Thit k lc ct trong cc bn ca cng hp
p dng cc qui nh ca iu 5.8 tr s thay i y , i vi cc bn cng hp di

600mm t p hoc nhiu hn ,cng chng ct Vc c th tnh theo :
A V d
Vc = 0,178 f c' + 32 s u e
bd e M u
nhng Vc khng c vt qu
bd e
(5.14.5.3-1)
0,332
f c' bd e
y:
As =
Din tch ct thp (mm2)
de = Chiu cao c hiu tnh t th nn ngoi cng ti trng tm chu ko trong ct

thp chu ko (mm)
Vu =
Lc ct do ti trng tnh ton (N)
Mu =
M men do cc ti trng tnh ton (N-mm)
b =
Chiu rng thit k thng ly bng 1(mm)
Ch vi cc cng hp mt l , Vc i vi cc bn lin khi vi cc tng

khng
ly
nh
0,25
0,207
ly nh hn .
f c' bd e
f c' bd e
hn v Vc vi cc dm gin n khng cn
Lng Vude/ Mu khng c ly ln hn 1 ni
Mu l m men tnh ton xy ra ng thi vi V u ti mt ct xem xt . Vi cc bn cng

hp t hn 600mm t p v cc tng bn , phi p dng cc qui nh ca cc iu
5.8 v 5.13.3.6.
AASHTO cu ng b
AASHTO cu ng b
6.
Phn 6 kt cu thp
6.1.
phm vi
Phn ny bao gm vic thit k cc cu kin, cc mi ni v cc lin kt bng thp

dng cho cc kt cu dm cn v dm t hp, cc khung, cc gin v vm, cc h dy
vng v h dy vng, v cc h cu kim loi khi c th p dng c.
Cc kt cu dm cong khng c bao gm y.
6.2.
6.2 Cc nh ngha
M cu (abutment) - Mt kt cu bn di va lm nhim v tng chn u cu va

kt cu phn trn ca cu.
Dm (Beam ) - Mt b phn kt cu m chc nng chnh l truyn ti trng xung tr,
ch yu l qua chu un v chu ct. Ni chung, thut ng ny c s dng ch
cu kin c lm bng cc thp hnh cn.
Ph hu do ct khi (Block shear rupture) - S ph hng mt lin kt bn bng bng
bu lng ca cc dm ua ra hoc s ph hng mt lin kt bt k chu ko m b x
rch mt phn ca mt tm bn dc theo chu vi ca cc bu lng lin kt.
Lin kt bu lng (Bolt assembly) - Bulng, ai c v vng m.
B phn lin kt tng cng (Ging lin kt nm ngang) (Bracing member)- Mt b
phn nhm lin kt tng cng b phn chnh hoc mt phn ca b phn chnh,
chng li s chuyn ng nm ngang.
AASHTO cu ng b

Yu cu va p ca rnh ch Vcharpy (Charpy V-Notch IMPact Requirement) - Nng
lng ti thiu yu cu c hp th trong th nghim rnh ch V charpy c tin hnh
mt nhit quy nh.
Th nghim rnh ch V charpy (Charpy V-Notch test) Th nghim va p tun theo
AASHTO T243(ASTM A673M).
Khong cch trng gia cc bu lng (Clear Distance of Bolts) - Khong cch gia mp
ca l bu lng v u b phn.
Ti trng ph hu (Collapse Load) - Ti trng m mt b phn kt cu hoc kt cu
c th chu c ng trc khi s ph hng tr nn r rng.
Tit din c (CoMPact Section) - Mt tit din c kh nng pht trin s phn b
ng sut do hon ton trong chu un. Kh nng xoay yu cu tun theo cc gi
thit phn tch c s dng c trong cc iu khc nhau ca phn ny c qui c
bng tho mn mnh khc nhau ca bn cnh v bn bng v cc yu cu lin kt
tng cng.
Thnh phn, cu kin (Component ) - Mt phn cu thnh ca kt cu.
Dm lin hp (Composite Beam) - Mt dm c lin kt vo mt cu cho chng
cng lm vic di cc tc ng lc nh l mt kt cu nguyn th.
Ct lin hp (Composite Column) - Mt b phn kt cu chu nn bao gm hoc cc
thp hnh kt cu c bc bng b tng, hoc mt ng thp c c y b tng,
c thit k lm vic di cc tc ng lc nh mt nguyn th.
Gii hn mi vi bin khng i (Constant Amplitude Fatigue Threshold) Bin
ng sut danh nh m di n th chi tit ring bit c th chu ng mt s v
hn cc tc ng lp li m khng b ph hu do mi.
Khung ngang (Cross-Frame) - Mt khung gin ngang lin kt cc thnh phn chu un
dc k nhau.
Gin cu chy trn (Deck Truss ) - H gin trong ng chy ti hoc bn trn mc
ca m trn ca gin.
Loi chi tit (Detall Category) - Nhm cc thnh phn v cc chi tit c ch yu cng
mt sc khng mi.
Vch ngn (Diaphragm) - Mt cu kin ngang chu un lin kt cc cu kin chu
un theo phng dc k nhau.
mi do cong vnh (Distortion - Induced Fatigue) - Cc tc ng mi do ng sut
ph thng khng c nh lng trong phn tch v thit k in hnh ca cu.
C ly mp ca cc bu lng (Edge Distance of Bolts ) - Khong cch dc theo ng lc
gia tm ca l v mp ca cu kin.
C ly u ca cc bu lng (End distance of Bolts) - Khong cch dc theo ng lc
gia tm ca l v u ca cu kin.
Khoang u (End panel) - Phn du ca gin hoc dm.
Thanh c tai treo (Eyebar) - B phn chu ko vi tit din hnh ch nht v hai u
c m rng lin kt cht.
AASHTO cu ng b

S mi (Fatigue) S bt u v/hoc s lan truyn cc vt nt do s bin i lp
li ca ng sut php truyn vi thnh phn chu ko.
Tui bn mi thit k (Fatigue Design Life) S nm m mt chi tit d kin chu
c ca ti trng giao thng gi nh m khng pht sinh nt do mi. Trong pht trin
ca Quy trnh ny ly l 100 nm.
Tui bn mi (Fatigue Life) S chu k ng sut lp li dn n s ph hng do mi
ca chi tit.
Sc khng mi (Fatigue Resistance) Bin ng sut cc i c th chu c m
khng ph hng chi tit i vi s chu k quy nh.
Tui bn mi hu hn (Finite Fatigue Life) S chu k ti s ph hng chi tit khi bin
ng sut c kh nng xy ra cc i vt qu gii hn mi vi bin khng i.
FCM-Cu kin ti hn mi t gy (FCM Fatigue-Critical Member) Cu kin chu
ko m s ph hng c d lin l do hoc s sp cu, hoc do cu khng cn
kh nng thc hin chc nng ca n.
dai t gy (Fracture Toughness ) S o kh nng ca vt liu hoc cu kin
kt cu hp th nng lng m khng t gy, thng thng c xc nh bng rnh ch
V charpy.
Chun o ca bulng ( Gage of Bolts ) Khong cch gia cc ng k ca bu lng;
khong cch t lng ca mt thp gc hoc thp hnh khc n dng th nht ca bu
lng.
Dm t hp ( Girder ) Thnh phn kt cu m chc nng ch yu l chu un v
chu ct di tc dng ca ti trng. Ni chung, thut ng ny c s dng cho cc mt
ct c ch to (t hp ).
Chiu di thn bu lng (Grip ) Khong cch gia u ai c v u bulng.
Bn tip im ( Bn nt ) (Gusset Plate ) Bn thp c dng lin kt cc thanh
ng, thanh xin v thanh ngang ca dn tit im khoang dn.
Kt cu nhp dn chy gia (Half Through- Truss Spans) H gin vi dng xe chy
t mt cao no gia cc m trn v m di v n loi tr vic s dng h lin
kt ngang bin trn.
Dm lai (Dm 2 mi thp ) (Hybrid Girder) Dm c ch to vi bn bng c cng
chy do cc tiu c quy nh thp hn ca mt hoc c hai bn cnh.
Tc ng phi n hi (Inelastic Action) - iu kin trong s bin dng khng
hon ton hi phc lc d b ti trng gy ra bin dng .
S phn b li phi n hi (Inelastic- Redistrbution) S phn b li cc hiu ng
lc trong mt thnh phn hoc kt cu do cc bin dng phi n hi gy ra ti mt
hoc nhiu mt ct.
Khoang bn trong (Interlor Panel) Phn pha bn trong ca mt thnh phn dm
hoc dm.
Thanh lin kt (Lacing) Cc tm hoc thanh lin kt cc thnh phn ca mt b
phn.
AASHTO cu ng b

Thnh phn tng cng cng ngang (Ging lin kt ngang) (Lateral Bracing
Component) Thnh phn c s dng ring l hoc nh mt phn ca h tng cng
ngang ngn nga s mt n nh khi un dc ca cc thnh phn v/hoc
chu ti trng nm ngang.
S on do xon ngang (Lateral- Torsional Buckling) S mt n nh do un dc
ca mt cu kin ko theo vng ngang v xon.
Lp khung (Level) Phn ca khung cng bao gm mt b phn nm ngang v cc ct
gia b phn v chn ca khung hoc b phn nm ngang tip theo thp hn.
ng ti trng (Load Path) Chui cc thnh phn v cc mi ghp qua ti trng c truyn t im gc ti im n ca n.
Mi do ti trng gy ra (Load- Induced Fatigue) Cc tc dng mi do cc ng sut
phng m cc thnh phn v cc chi tit c thit k r rng.
Mi hn chu ti dc (Longitudinally loaded Weld) Mi hn vi ng sut t song
song vi trc dc ca mi hn.
B phn chnh (Main member) Bt k b phn no c thit k chu c cc ti
trng t ln kt cu.
ng sut ko thc (Net Tensile Stress) Tng i s ca hai hay nhiu ng sut
trong s tng l ko.
Mt ct khng c (Non- coMPact Sestion) Mt ct c th pht trin cng
chy do trong cc cu kin chu nn trc lc bt u s mt n nh un dc cc
b, nhng khng th chng li c s mt n nh un dc cc b phi n hi cc
mc ng bin c yu cu i vi s phn b ng sut do hon ton.
Mt cu trc hng (Orthotropic Deck) Mt cu c lm bng thp tm c tng cng bng cc sn thp h hoc kn mt di ca tm thp.
vng thng xuyn (Permanent deflection) Loi tc ng phi n hi trong
vng cn lu li mt thnh phn hoc mt h sau khi ti trng d c d b.
Bc bulng (Pitch of Bolfs) Khong cch dc theo ng lc gia cc tm ca cc l
k nhau.
Tm (Plate) Sn phm cn phng m b dy ln hn 6 mm.
Khung cng (Portal Frames) Ging lin kt ngang gin u hoc ging
Vierendeel to s n nh v chu cc ti trng gi v ng t.
Mmen phn phi li (Redistribution Moment) Ni mmen do s chy do gy ra
trong thnh phn chu un ca nhp lin tc v c gi cn bng bi cc phn lc
ngoi.
ng sut phn phi li (Redistribution Streess) ng sut un do bi mmen phn
phi li.
Tnh d (Redundancy) Cht lng ca cu lm cho c kh nng thc hin chc nng
thit k trong trng thi b h hi.
AASHTO cu ng b

Tui bn mi yu cu (Required Fatigue Life) Tch ca s giao thng xe ti chy
trung bnh hng ngy trn mt ln xe n nhn vi s chu k mi lt xe ti chy qua v
tui th tnh bng ngy.
B phn d (Redundant Member ) B phn m s ph hng ca n khng gy ra s
ph hng ca cu.
B phn ph (Secondary Member) B phn khng c thit k chu thit k
chu ti trng c bn.
V (Sheet) Sn phm cn phng m m b dy t 0.15 mm n 6.0 mm.
xon St. Venant (St. Venant Torsion) Mmen xon gy ra cc ng sut ct
thun tu trn mt ct ngang vn cn phng.
Bin ng sut (Stress Range) Hiu i s gia cc ng sut cc tr do ti trng
i qua.
Khoang ph (Subpanel) Khoang c bn bng c tng cng, c chia ra bi mt
hoc nhiu np tng cng dc.
Lin kt chng lc (Sway Bracing) Ging lin kt thng ng ngang gia cc b
phn gin.
Cc nhp dm chy di (Through- Girder Spans) H dm m ng xe chy cao
thp hn bn cnh trn.
Cc nhp gin chy di (Through-Girder) - H dm m ng xe chy t gn m di
v c h ngang m trn.
Bn lin kt, bn ni (Tie Plates) - Bn c s dng lin kt cc thnh phn ca
mt b phn.
Vm c thanh ko (Tie Arch) - Vm m trong lc y ngang ca sn vm do thanh
ging ngang chu.
Mi hn chu ti ngang (Transversely Loaded Weld) - Mi hn c ng sut t
thng gc vi trc dc ca mi hn.
Mt ct hp kiu mng (Trough-Type Box Section) - Mt ct ch U khng c bn
cnh ni chung.
Vm thc (True Arch) - Vm m trong lc y ngang trong sn vm c truyn
xung di chn vm.
Chiu di khng c tng kt cng (Unbraced Length) - Khong cch gia cc im
c thanh tng cng chu dng c s mt n nh khi un dc hoc bin dng ang
c nghin cu, ni chung, khong cch gia cc im khoang hoc cc v tr c
thanh tng cng.
Xon vnh (Warping Torsion) - Mmen xon gy ra ng sut ct v ng sut php,
v di cc ng sut mt ct ngang khng cn phng.
Cng chy do (Yield Strength) - ng sut m ti vt liu biu l mt lch
gii hn theo quy nh t tnh t l ca ng sut vi ng bin.
Mc ng sut chy do (Yield Stress Lavel) - ng sut c xc nh trong th nghim
ko khi bin dng t 0, 005mm/ mi mm.
AASHTO cu ng b
6.3.
k hiu
A
= Hng s kiu loi chi tit, vng c bao bi cc tm bn ca mt mt ct
hnh hp; vng c bao bi cc ng tim ca cc tm bn ca cc cu kin hnh hp;
h s khu nhp (6.6.1.2.6); 6.10.4.2.2a); (6.11.1.2.2); (6.12.2.2.2)
Ab
= Din tch p ln tm bn c cht (mm2); din tch mt ct ngang ca
bu lng (mm2) (6.8.7.2) (6.13.2.7)
Ac
= Din tch b tng; din tch cnh chu nn (mm 2) ( 6.9.5.1)
(6.10.5.1.4b)
Ade
= din tch mt ct ngang c hiu ca mt cu, bao gm cc sn dc
2
(mm ) (6.14.3.3.2)
ADT
= lu lng xe ti trung bnh ngy m da trn tui th thit k (3.6.1.4.2)
ADTTsl
=ADTT mt ln xe(6.6.1.2.5)
Af
= Din tch bn cnh truyn ti tp trung (mm2) (6.13.7.2)
Afb
= Din tch bn cnh di (mm2) (6.10.5.4.1b)
Ag
= Din tch mt ct ngang th ca cu kin chu nn (mm2) (6.8.2.1)
Agn
(6.8.2.2)
= Din tch thc nh nht ca cu kin ngoi chiu di lin kt (mm 2)
An
=Din tch mt ct ngang thc ca b phn chu ko (mm 2) (6.8.2.1)
Ane
= Din tch thc ca cc cu kin tip nhn ti trng (mm 2) (6.8.2.2)
Ao
= Din tch bao bn trong mt ct hp (mm2) (6.11.2.1.2a)
Apn
=Din tch ca cc cu kin nh ra ca np tng cng ngoi ng hn
bn bng vi bn cnh, nhng khng vt qu mp bn cnh (mm2) (6.10.8.2.3)
Ar
= Din tch ca ct thp dc (mm 2); tng din tch ca thp tng cng bn
trong chiu rng bn cnh c hiu (mm2) (6.9.5.1) (6.10.7.4.3) (6.10.5.1.4b)
As
= Din tch ca thp hnh cn sn; din tch bn mt din tch np cng
cng ngang gia hoc tng din tch mt ct ngang nguyn (mm 2) (6.9.4.1)
(6.9.5.1) (6.10.3.1.4b) (6.10.8.1.4)
Asc
At
= Din tch mt ct ngang ca nh neo chu ct (mm2) (6.10.7.4.4c)

= Din tch cnh chu ko ca mt ct thp (mm2) (6.10.3.1.4b) (6.10.3.3.2)
Atf
= Tng Din tch ca c hai bn cnh thp v ct thp dc bn trong
phm vi chiu rng c hiu ca mt ct lin hp (mm2) (6.10.4.3.1c)
Atg
= Din tch nguyn dc theo mt ct chu ng sut ko trong ct khi
(mm2) (6.13.4)
Atn
= Din tch thc dc theo mt ct chu ng sut ko trong ct khi
2
(mm ) (6.13.4)
Av
= Din tch mt ct ca ct thp ngang chn vt nt do chu ct xin
(mm2) (6.12.3.1)
AASHTO cu ng b

Avg
= Din tch nguyn dc theo mt ct chu ng sut ct trong ct khi
(mm2) (6.13.4)
Avn
= Din tch thc dc theo mt ct chu ng sut ct trong ct khi
(mm2) (6.13.4)
= Din tch ca bn bng ca mt ct thp (mm2) (6.10.3.1.4b)
Aw
a
= Khong cch t tm ca bu lng n mp ca tm (mm); khong cch tm
n tm gia cc cch ca cc hp k nhau trong mt ct nhiu hp
( mm) (6.13.2.10.4)(6.11.1.1.1)
B
= Hng s lin quan n din tch theo yu cu ca cc np tng cng ngang
(6.10.8.4.1)
Br
= Sc khng p mt (N) (6.10.8.2.3)
b
= Chiu rng thn ca thanh c tai treo; khong cch t mp ca tm hoc
mp ca l khoan n im ta hoc khong cch gia cc im ta; khng cch
tng gia cc tm; chiu rng ca ng hnh ch nht; chiu dy ton b ca mt ct
ngang lin hp ca b tng bc thp hnh trong mt phng un dc; chiu rng c
hiu ca bn, chiu di ca mp khng c chng ca bn tip im; chiu rng
ca cch gia cc bn bng; chiu rng ca cu kin tm hnh ch nht; khong cch
t tim ca bu lng n chn ca mi hn ca phn lin kt (mm) (6.7.6.3) (6.9.4.2)
(6.10.7.4.4b) (6.11.1.2.2) (6.12.2.2.2) (6.12.2.3.1) (6.13.2.10.4)
bc
= Chiu rng ca bn cnh chu nn ca mt ct thp (mm)
(6.10.4.1.3)
bfb
bl
= Chiu rng bn cnh di (mm) (6.10.5.7.1)

= Chiu rng nh ra ca cc np tng cng dc (mm) (6.10.8.1.3)(6.11.3.2.1)
bt = Chiu rng nh ra ca cnh chu ko, chiu rng nh ra ca np

tnh cng ngang (mm) (6.10.7.4.4b ) (6.10.8.1.2)
bw = Chiu rng ca cnh di ca mi mp ca bn cnh gi nh
chu cc mmen gi (mm)(6.10.3.5.1)
C
=T s ca ng sut mt n nh khi chu ct vi sc khng chy khi
chu ct (6.10.6.4)
cb = H s iu chnh gradient m men (6.10.4.2.5a)
c1, c2, c3
= Cc hng s dng cho ct lin hp c quy nh trong Bng
6.9.5.11, (6.9.5.11)
c = Khong cch t tim ca ct thp dc n b mt gn nht ca cu
kin trong mt phng chu un (mm);h s trong vic xc nh bn un
(6.11.2.1.3a), (6.12.2.3.1), (6.12.3.1)
CsteelC3n, Cn = Khong cch tnh t cc trc trung ho ca cc mt ct ca ct thp,
b tng lin ho di hn v b tng lin hp ngn hn cho n th ngoi cng ca cnh
chu nn (mm) (6.10.3.1.4a)
AASHTO cu ng b

D
= ng knh ngoi ca ng thp trn; chiu cao bn bng; chiu cao ti a
ca khoang ph i vi cc bn bng c cc sn tng cng dc; chiu ca thc t ca
tm bn bng; ng knh ca cht (mm) (6.9.4.2) (6.10.3.1.4b) (6.7.6.2.1) (6.10.8.1.3)
Dc
=Chiu cao ca bng chu nn (mm)(6.10.6.3)
Dcp
=Chiu cao ca bng chu nn m men do (mm)(6.10.3.1.4b)
Dp
=Khong cch t nh ca bn ti trc trung ho ca mt ct lin hp mmen
do; chiu cao bng i vi cc bng khng c sn tng cng dc hoc chiu cao ti
a ca khoang ph i vi cc i vi cc sn tng cng dc (mm) (6.10.4.2.2b)
(6.10.8.1.3).
d
=Chiu cao ca mt ct thp; ng knh bu lng; kch thc danh
nh ca lin kt; cht ng knh ca inh neo; chiu cao ca cu kin trong
mt phng un; chiu cao ca cu kin trong mt phng ct; ng knh danh
nh ca bulng (mm) (6.10.4.2.2b) 6.10.4.7.2) (6.12.2.3.1) (6.12.3.1) (6.13.2.9)
db
=Chiu cao ca dm trong khung cng (mm)(6.13.7.2)
dc
=Chiu cao ca ct trong khung cng (mm) (6.13.7.2)
dn
=Khong cch t th ngoi ca cnh di n trc trung ha ca mt lin hp tnh
i ngn hn (mm)(6.10.4.3.1b)
do
=Khong cch ca cc sn tnh cng ngang (mm) (6.10.7.3.2)
dg
=Chiu cao ca mt ct thp (mm) (6.10.9.1)
=M un n hi ca thp (MPa) (6.9.4.1)
Ec
=M un n hi ca b tng (MPa) (6.10.7.4.4c)
FCM
F0
Foxx
=Cu kin t gy ti hn (6.6.2)

=Sc khng nn danh nh ca cu kin lin hp (MPa) (6.9.5.1)
=Cng phn loi ca kim loi hn (MPa) (6.13.3.2.2b)
Fn
= Sc khng un danh nh v mt ng sut (MPa) (6.10.4)
Fr
=Sc khng un tnh ton v mt ng sut( MPa)(6.10.3.2)(6.10.4)
Fu
= Cng chu ko nh nht ca thp, ng sut un trong cnh di do ti trng
tnh ton khc vi gi; cng chu ko nh nht quy nh ca neo inh chu ct
(MPa) (6.4.1) (6.10.3.5.2) (6.10.7.4.4c) (6.8.2.1)
Fub
Fw
= Cng chu ko nh nht quy nh ca bu lng (MPa) (6.13.2.7)

=ng sut un ca cc mp ca cnh do ti trng gi tnh ton (MPa) (6.10.3.5.2)
Fy
= Cng chy do ca cht; cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca thp
(MPa) (6.7.6.2.1) (6.8.7.2) (6.8.2.1)
Fyb
= Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca cnh di (MPa) (6.10.4.3.1b)
Fyc
= Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca cnh chu nn (MPa)
(6.10.3.1.4b)
Fyco
= Cng chy do c hiu ca cnh chu nn (MPa) (6.10.10.1.2d)
AASHTO cu ng b

Fyf
= Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca cc cnh; gi tr cao hn
trong s cc cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca cc cnh (MPa) (6.10.8.2.4b)
(6.10.10.2.3)
Fyr
= Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca cc thanh ct thp dc hoc ngang
(MPa) (6.9.5.1) (6.10.3.1.4b)
Fyre
= Cng chy do c hiu ca ct thp dc (MPa) (8.10.10.1.2d)
Fys
= Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca sn tng cng (MPa)
(6.10.8.1.2)
Fyt
= Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca cnh chu ko (MPa)
(6.10.3.1.4b)
Fyto
= Cng chy do c hiu ca cnh chu ke (MPa) (6.10.10.1.2d)
Fyw
= Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca bn bng (MPa) (6.10.6.4)
(6.10.3.1.4b)
Fywe
fa
= Cng chy do c hiu ca bn bng (MPa) (6.10.10.1.2d)

= ng sut trc do cc ti trng tnh ton (MPa) (6.14.4.2)
fb
= ng sut ln nht do cc ti trng tnh ton bao gm s khuch i mmen
(MPa) (6.14.4.2)
fc
= ng sut trong cnh chu nn do ti trng tnh ton (MPa) (6.10.2.2)
f c
= Cng ch nn nh nht quy nh ca b tng (MPa) (6.9.5.1)
f cf
= ng sut un n hi trong cnh chu nn do ti trng thng xuyn khng
nhn vi h s v hai ln ti trng gy mi tnh ton (MPa) (6.10.6.3)
ff
= ng sut cnh n hi gy ra do ti trng tnh ton (MPa) (6.10.10.2.2)
f fn
= Gi tr nh hn gia cng chy do nh nht quy nh v ng sut
do ti trng tnh ton trong mi cnh (MPa) (6.10.4.3.1c)
f fr
= ng sut cnh phn b li (MPa) (6.10.10.2.2)
fg
= ng sut dc trc trn ton b mt ct mt cu (MPa) (6.10.4.3.3.2)
f sr
= Bin ng sut un trong ct thp trn tr cu (MPa) (6.10.7.4.3)
fu
= ng sut cnh ln nht khoang ang xem xt do ti trng tnh ton (MPa)
(6.10.7.3.3b)
fv
f vg
= ng sut ct xon ln nht trong bn cnh dm hp (MPa) (6.11.2.1.2a)

= ng sut ct trn ton b mt ct mt cu (MPa) (6.14.3.3.2)
= khong cch gia cc ng bu lng (mm) (6.8.3) (6.13.2.6.1c)
= Chiu cao c hiu qu ca ng hn (mm) (6.6.1.2.5)
I
= Mmen qun tnh ca mt ct lin hp ngn hn trong cc khu vc chu un
dng hoc mmen qun tnh ca mt ct lin hp trong cc khu vc chu un m
(mm4) (6.10.7.4.1b)
Il
= Mmen qun tnh ca sn tng cng dc ly i vi mp tip xc vi bn bng
hoc cnh (mm4) (6.10.8.1.3)
AASHTO cu ng b

Is
= Mmen qun tnh ca sn tng cng dc ly i vi trc song song vi cnh di
v y ca sn tng cng; Mmen qun tnh np tng cng sn vm (mm4)
(6.11.2.1.3a) (6.14.4.2)
It
= Mmen qun tnh ca sn tng cng ngang ly i vi mp tip xc vi bn
bng cho cc sn tng cng n hoc i vi gia chiu dy ca bn bng cho cc
cp sn tng cng cng (mm4) (6.10.8.1.3)
Iy
= Mmen qun tnh ca mt ct thp i vi trc ng trong mt phng ca
bn bng ca n; Mmen qun tnh i vi trc thng gc vi trc chu un (mm 4)
(6.10.2.1) (6.12.2.2.2)
Iyc
= Mmen qun tnh ca cnh chu nn i vi trc thng ng trong mt
phng ca bn bng (mm4) (6.10.2.1)
MI
= Mc gia tng ti trng ng (Lc xung kch) theo iu 3.6.2
= Hng s cng chu xon St. Venent(mm4) (6.10.4.2.6a) (6.11.1.2.2)
= H s chiu di c hiu trong mt phng mt n nh khi un dc (6.9.3)
Kh
= H s kch thc l i vi cc lin kt bu lng (6.13.2.8)
Ks
= H s iu kin b mt i vi cc lin kt bu lng (6.13.2.8)
KL/r
= H s mnh (6.9.3)
K
= H s un ct; khong cch t mt pha ngoi ca cnh n chn mi hn
gc bn bng ca b phn c tng cng; H s mt n nh khi un dc ca tm nh
quy nh trong bng 6.9.4.2-1 (6.10.7.3.3a) (6.11.2.1.3a) (6.13.7.2) (6.9.4.2)
L
= Chiu di nhp; chiu di ca cc cu kin (mm)
Lb
= Chiu di khng c ging; khong cch n im ging th nht k bn mt
ct yu cu chu cc xoay do (mm) (6.10.4.1.7) (6.10.10.1.1d)
Lc
= Chiu di ca neo chu ct hnh ch U; khong cch trng gia cc l
hoc gia l v u ca cu kin (mm) (6.10.7.4.4c) (6.13.2.6)
Lcp
= Chiu di ca bn ph(mm)(6.10.9.1)
Lp
= di gii hn ging ngang i vi kh nng chu un b khng ch bi
s hnh thnh un do (mm) (6.10.6.4.2.6a)
Lf
= di gi hn ging ngang i vi kh nng chu un b chng ch
bi s mt n nh khi chu xon ngang phi n hi (mm) (6.10.6.4.2.6a)
LE
= Hot ti
LFD
= Thit k theo h s ti trng
LRFD = Thit k theo h s ti trng v h s sc khng

l
= Chiu di cu kin khng c ging (mm)(6.8.4)
Mc
= M men ct do ti trng tnh ton trong khung cng (N.nm)(6.13.7.2)
Mcp
= M men tnh ton im pha trong xy ra ng thi vi s un dng ln nht ti mt ct ngang ang nghin cu(N.nm)(6.10.4.2.2a)
Mfb
= M men dc tnh ton tc dng ln bn mt cu do truyn cc ti trng
bnh xe cho cc dm k bn (N.nm)(6.14.3)
AASHTO cu ng b

Mn
= M men ngang tnh ton tc dng ln bn mt cu do truyn ti trng
bnh xe cho cc sn dc k bn (N.nm)(6.14.3.4)
Mb
= M men tnh ton khp do chu cc chuyn v xoay do cn thit
to thnh mt c cu (N.nm)(6.10.11.1.1d)(6.10.10.1.2b)
M
= M men c gi tr thp hn do ti trng tnh ton trong hai u ca chiu
di khng c ging (N.nm)(6.10.4.1.7)
Mmax
Mn
= Sc khng un ln nht (N.nm)(6.10.11.2.4d)

= Sc khng un danh nh(N.nm)(6.10.4)(6.10.4.2.3)
Mnp
Mp
=Sc khng un danh nh im pha trong (N.nm) (6.10.4.2.2a)

= Sc khng m men do (N.nm)(6.10.5.1.3)(6.10.4.2.2a)
Mpe
= Sc khng m men do c hiu (N.nm)(6.10.10.10.1.2b)
Mpx
= Sc khng m men do ca mt ct thp ca cu kin c bc b tng
(N.nm)(6.12.2.3.1)
Mr
= Sc khng un tnh ton (N.nm)(6.10.4)(6.10.9.2.1)
Mrb
= Sc khng un tnh ton (N.nm)(6.14.3.4)
Mrr
= Sc khng m men tnh ton ca sn dc (N.nm)(6.14.3.3.2)
Mrt
= Sc khng m men tnh ton ca bn mt cu truyn cc ti trng bnh
xe cho cc sn k bn(N.nm)(6.14.3.4)
Mrx, Mry
(6.9.2.2)
= Sc khng un tnh ton theo hng X Y tng ng (N.nm) (6.8.2.3)
Mu
= M men un tnh ton, m men khoang ln nht do cc ti trng tnh ton (N.nm)
(6.10.9.2.1), (6.7.6.2.1), (6.10.7.3.3a)
Mur
= M men un cc b tnh ton trong sn trc hng dc (N.nm)
(6.14.3.3.2)
M, Muy
= Cc m men un do cc ti trng tnh ton trong hng x y tng ng
(N.nm), (6.8.2.3), (6.9.2.2)
Mw
= M men ngang ln nht trong cnh di do ti trng gi tnh ton (N.nm)
(6.10.3.7.4)
My
= Sc khng m men chy do; m men chy do khi s chy do bn bng khng
c xt n (N.nm), (6.10.4.2.1), (6.10.4.3.1c)
Myc
= Sc khng m men chy do ca mt ct lin hp ca b phn c bc
b tng (N.nm), (6.12.2.3.1)
Myt
= Kh nng m men chy do khi s chy do bn bng c tnh n
(N.nm), (6.10.4.3.1c)
N
NDT
= S chu nk ca bin ng sut (6.6.1.2.5)

= Th nghim khng ph hoi
Na
= S cc mt phng ct;s cc mt phng trt mi bu lng (6.13.2.7),
(6.13.2.8)
AASHTO cu ng b

n
= S chu k cho mt lt xe ti qua; t s mun n hi ca thp i vi mdun
n hi ca b tng; s lng cc neo chu ct trong mt ct ngang hoc s lng cc
neo chu ct yu cu gia mt ct ca m men dng ln nht v im k ca m
men 0, 0 hoc gia tr v im k ca m men 0, 0; s lng cc sn tng cng dc; s
lng bu lng (6.6.1.2.5) (6.9.5.1) (6.10.3.1.1b) (6.10.7.4.1b) (6.11.2.3a)
nAc
= S lng cc neo b sung thm yu cu trong cc vng ca cc im un
tnh ti i vi cc mt ct khng lin hp trong cc vng un m (6.10.7.4.3)
Ph
= Lc trong cnh chu nn im c ging c gi tr m men cao hn do ti
trng tnh ton (N) (6.10.4.2.5a)
Pl
= Lc trong cnh chu nn im c ging c gi tr m men thp hn do ti
trng tnh ton (N)(6.10.4.2.5a)
Pn
= Sc khng danh nh, sc khng p mt danh nh, sc khng nn danh
nh (N), (6.8.7.2), (6.9.2.1)
Pnu
(6.8.2.1)
= Sc khng ko danh nh di vi s t gy trong mt ct thc (N)
Pny
(6.8.2.1)
= Sc khng ko danh nh i vi s chy do trong mt ct th (N)
Pr
= Sc khng ko hoc nn dc trc tnh ton; Sc khng p mt tnh ton trn
cc bn c inh; sc khng ko danh nh ca mt cu, c xt chiu rng c hiu
ca mt cu (N)(6.8.2.1)(6.8.2.3)(6.8.7.2)(6.9.2)(6.14.3.3.2)
Pt
= Lc ko bu lng ti thiu yu cu (N)(6.13.2.8)
Pu
= Lc dc trc tnh ton tc dng; lc ko trc tip hoc lc ct mi bu lng do
ti trng tnh ton; lc trong sn trc hng (N), (6.9.2.2) (6.13.2.10.4) (6.8.2.3)
(6.13.2.11) (6.14.3.3.2)
p
= Khong cch u ca cc neo chu ct dc theo trc dc (mm)
(6.10.7.4.1b)
Q
= M men th nht ca din tch bn tnh i ngn hn i vi trc
trung ho c mt ct lin hop ngn hn trong cc vng un dng, hoc m men

th nht ca din tch ct thp dc i vi trc trung ho ca mt ct lin hp
trong cc vng un m (mm3)(6.10.7.4.1b)
Qfl
= T s ca kh nng chng mt n nh khi un dc ca cnh vi
cng chy do ca cnh (6.10.4.2.3)

Qn
= Cng ct danh nh ca mt neo chu ct (N)(6.10.7.4.4)
Qp
= mnh ca cnh v bng chu nn t ti sc khng un M
(6.10.4.2.3)
Qr
= Cc sc khng tnh ton ca cc neo chu ct (N)(6.10.7.4.4)
Qu
= Lc ko nh u ca mi bu lng do ti trng tnh ton (N)
(6.10.10.2.4d) (6.10.7.3.3a)
AASHTO cu ng b

Rb, Rh
Rn
= Cc h s gim ng sut cnh (6.10.4.3)

= Sc khng danh nh ca bi lng lin kt hoc vt liu c lin
kt (N)
Rg
hoc (MPa)(6.13.2.2)(6.13.2.9)
= Sc khng p ca mt cht (N)(6.7.6.2.2)
(RPB)r
Rr
= Sc khng p ca mt cht (N)(6.7.6.2.2)

= Sc khng tnh ton ca lin kt bu lng hoc hn trng thi gii
hn cng (N) hoc (MPa)(6.13.2.2)(6.13.3.2)

Rg
= Sc khng ct danh nh ca bu lng trong ct v ko kt hp (N)
(6.13.2.11)
r
= Bn knh hi chuyn nh nht, bn knh hi chuyn ca np tng
cng dc i vi mp tip xc bung (mm)(6.10.8.3.3)(GSA)

rt
= i vi mt ct lin hp bn knh hi chuyn ca mt ct tnh i
gm cnh chu nn ca mt ct thp cng vi mt phn ba chiu cao ca bn chu
nn, i vi trc thng ng.i vi mt ct khng lin hp bn knh hi chuyn ca
cnh chu nn i vi trc thng (mm)(6.10.4.2.5a)(6.10.4.1.9)
rv =Bn knh hi chuyn nh nht ca mt ct thp i vi trc thng ng trong
mt phng ca bng gia cc im ging (mm)(6.10.4.1.7)
S =Mun mt ct n hi ca cc mt ct (mm3)(C6.12.2.2.2)
Sxc
=Mun mt ct i vi trc chnh nm ngang ca mt ct c lin quan n
cnh chu nn (mm3) (6.10.4.2.6a)
s =Bc ca cc l; khong cch dc ca ct thp ngang (mm)(6.8.3)(6.12.3.1)
T =Mmen xon trong do cc ti trng tinh ton (N.nm)(6.11.2.1.2a)
Tn =Sc khng ko danh nh ca bu lng (N)(6.12.2.10.2)(6.13.2.11)
Tu =Lc ko mi bu lng do t trng s dng (N)(6.13.2.11)
t = Chiu dy bn (mm);chiu dy ng (mm); chiu dy ca bn bn trong (mm)
(6.10.7.4b)(6.13.7.2)
tb =Chiu dy cnh chu nn; chiu dy ca cnh truyn lc tp trung (mm)
(6.10.7.4.4b)(6.13.7.2)
tc =Chiu dy cnh chu nn (mm); chiu dy cnh ca neo chu ct U (mm)
(6.10.4.1.3)(6.10.7.4.4c)
tfb =Chiu dy cnh di (mm) (6.10.3.5.1)
tb =Chiu dy ca nch bn b tng trn cnh ca dm thp (mm)(6.10.A22b)
tp =Chiu dy ca bn t ti phng ngang; chiu dy ca phn nh ra ca
phn
sn tng cng; chiu dy ca phn tng cng (mm) (6.6.1.2.5) (6.10.6.1.2)(6.11.3.2.1)
ts =Chiu dy ca bn b tng ; chiu dy ca bn tng cng (mm)(6.10.4.2.2b)
(6.10.8.3.2)
tt =Chiu dy ca cnh chu ko ca mt ct thp (mm)(6.10.7.4.4b)
AASHTO cu ng b

tw =Chiu dy ca neo chu ct: (mm);chiu dy bng ca neo chu ct hnh U
(mm)(6.12.3.2.1)(6.10.7.4.4c)
U =H s trit gim i vi ct tr (6.8.2.1)
V =Lc ct ph thm i vi cc bn khoan l (N)(6.9.4.3.2)
Vh =Tng lc ct nm ngang do cc neo chng chu ct (N)(6.10.7.4.4b)
Vn =Sc khng ct danh nh (N) (6.10.7.1)
Vp =Kh nng chu ct do (N) (6.10.7.2)
Vr =Sc khng ct tnh ton (N)(6.10.7.1)
Vsr =Bin lc ct (N) (6.10.7.4.1b)
Vu =Lc ct do ti trng tnh ton (N) (6.7.6.2.1)(6.10.8.1.4)
Vui =Lc ct do ti trng tnh ton trn mt bng nghing (N)(6.11.2.2.1)
Vcf =ng sut ct do hot ti (N); lc ct trong bn bng ca mt ct ng nht vi cc
np tng cng ngang v c hoc khng c cc np tng cng dc (N)(6.10.4.4)
W =Chiu rng cnh ca cnh gia cc np tng cng dc hoc khong cch t bn
bng n np tng cngs dc gn nht (mm);khong cch tim n tim gia cc cnh
ca mt ct hp (mm)(6.11.3.2.1)(6.11.1.1.1)
Z =Mun do ca mt ct (mm3)(6.12.2.3.1)
Zr =Cng mi chng ct ca neo chu ct (N)(6.10.7.4.3)
Y =H s ti trng quy nh trong bng 3.4.1.1 (6.6.1.2.2)
( f) =Tc ng lc, bin ng sut hot ti do s I qua ca ti trng mi (MPa)
(6.6.1.2.2)
( f)cn =Sc chu mi danh nh i vi chi tit loi C (MPa) (6.6.1.2.5)
( f)n =Sc chu mi danh nh (MPa)(6.6.1.2.2)(6.6.1.2.5)
( FTH)=Gii hn mi bin khng i (MPa)(6.6.1.2.5)
=H s mnh ca ct tiu chun ho (6.9.5.1)(6.9.4.1)

b
=H s lin quan n t s b/t (6.10.4.3.2)
=Gc nghing ca bn bng i vi mt phng thng ng ()(6.11.2.2.1)
b
bb
bc
c
e1
=H s sc khng i vi p mt (6.5.4.2)
=H s sc khng i vi cc bu lng p mt trn vt liu (6.5.4.2)
=H s sc khng i vi cc khi (6.5.4.2)
=H s sc khng i vi nn (6.5.4.2)
=H s sc khng i vi ct trong kim loi trong cc ng hn ngu hon ton

trc giao vi trc ca ng hn trong hn ngu cc b (6.5.4.2)
e2 =H s sc khng i vi kim loi hn trong cc ng hn ngu cc b (6.5.4.2)

f =H s sc khng i vi un (6.5.4.2)
s =H s sc khng i vi ct trong cc bu lng (6.5.4.2)
AASHTO cu ng b
sc
t
u
v
w
y
=H s sc khng i vi neo chu ct (6.5.4.2)

=H s sc khng i vi ko trong bu lng cng cao (6.5.4.2)
=H s sc khng i vi t gy ca cc cu kin chu ko (6.5.4.2)
=H s sc khng i vi ct (6.5.4.2)
=H s sc khng i vi ct trong cc ng hn (6.5.4.2)
=H s sc khng i vi chy do ca cc cu kin chu ko (6.5.4.2)
6.4.
6.4.1.
vt liu
cc loi thp kt cu
Cc loi thp kt cu phi tun theo cc yu cu trong Bng 1, v thit k phi cn c

trn cc tnh cht ti thiu ch ra.
Mun n hi v h s gin n nhit ca tt c cc cp ca thp phi c gi nh
l 200.000 MPa v 11.7x10-6mm/mm/ 0C.
AASHTO M270M, cp 250 (ASTM A709M, cp 250) c th c s dng vi cc chiu
dy trn 100mmm cho cc ng dng khng phi l kt cu hoc cc thnh phn ca
h gi ta.
Cc thp hnh c kt cu hp kim tI v ram v ng ng c kh khong hn vi cng
ko ti a quy nh khng vt qu 965MPa i vi cc thp hnh kt cu, hoc
1000 MPa i vi cc ng ng c kh khng hn, c th c s dng, min l :
Vt liu p ng c tt c cc yu cu c - ho ca hoc ASTM A709M, cp 690
hoc 690W, v
Thit k c cn c trn cc c tnh ti thiu quy nh i vi thp ASTM A709M,
cp 690 hoc 690W
ng ng kt cu phi hoc c to hnh ngui hoc ng khng hn tun theo
ASTM500, cp B, hoc hn to hnh nng hoc ng khng hn tun theo
ASTM501.
Cc gii hn chiu dy lin quan n cc thp hnh cn v cc nhm tun theo ASTM
A6M(AASHTO M160).
Bng 6.4.1.1 Cc c tnh c hc ti thiu ca thp kt cu theo hnh dng, cng
v chiu dy
K
AASHTO
Thp
hiu kt cu
Thp hp kim thp Thp hp Thp hp kim ti v

cng cao
kim thp ram, cng chy
ti v ram do cao
M270
M270
M270
M270
M270
Cp
250
Cp
345
Cp
345W
Cp 485W
Cc cp 690/690W
A709M
A709M
A709M
A709M
Cp
345
Cp
345W
Cp 485W
Cc cp 690/690W
K hiu ASTM A709M

tng ng
Cp
250
AASHTO cu ng b

Chiu dy cc Ti 100
bn, mm
Ti 100
Ti 100
Tt c Tt c Tt
c Khng
cc
cc
cc nhm dng
nhm
nhm
Thp hnh
Cng chu
ko nh nht, 400
Fu, MPa
im chy do
nh nht hoc
cng chy
do nh nht Fy, 250
MPa
6.4.2.
Ti 100
Ti 65
p Khng
p dng
Trn
65
n 100
Khng p
dng
450
485
620
760
690
345
485
485
690
620
Cht, con ln v con lc
Thp cho cc con cht phi tun theo cc yu cu ca Bng 1, Bng 6.4.1.1 hoc
iu 6.4.7.
Cc con ln phi c ng knh khng nh hn 100 mm
Bng 6.4.2.1 Cc c trng ti thiu ca cc cht, cc con ln v cc con lc theo
kch thc v cng
K
hiu
AASHTO vi
hn kch thc
M169 ng M102 n M102 n M102 n M102 n

knh
100 ng knh ng knh ng knh ng knh
mm hoc 500 mm
500 mm
500 mm
500 mm
nh hn
K
hiu A108
ASTM, cp Cc
hoc hng
cp1016
A668
A668
A668
A668
Hng C
Hng C
Hng C
Hng C
230
260
345
345
n 1030
(bao gm)
im
do
nht
MPa
6.4.3.
chy
nh 250
Fy,
Bu lng ai c v vng m
6.4.3.1.
bu lng
Cc bu lng phi tun theo mt trong cc tiu chun sau y:

AASHTO cu ng b

Tiu chun k thut i vi bu lng v inh tn thp cc bon, cng chu ko 420
MPa, ASTM A307
Tiu chun k thut i vi bu lng cng cao cho cc lin kt thp kt cu vi cng ko ti thiu 830 MPa i vi ng knh 16mm n 27 mm v 725 MPa i
vi ng knh 30 mm n ng knh 36 mm, AASHTO M164M ( ASTM A325M )
hoc
Tiu chun k thut i vi bu lng cng cao, hng 10.9 v 10.9.3 cho cc lin kt
thp kt cu, AASHTO M253 ( ASTM A490M ).
Cc bu lng loi 1 nn s dng cc thp khc vi thp thi hiu (chu nh hng thi tit).
Cc bu lng loi 3 tun theo hoc ASTM A325M hoc ASTM A490M phi c s dng
vi cc thp thi hiu. AASHTO M164 (ASTM A325M), loi 1, cc bu lng c th hoc
trng km nhng nng ph hp vi AASHTO M232 (ASTM A153). Hng C, hoc trng km
bng c hc ph hp AASHTO M289 (ASTM B695). Hng 345 (50), khi c k s chp
nhn. Cc bu lng trng km phi c th nghim ko sau khi trng km, nh AASHTO
M164 (ASTM A325M) yu cu.
Cc bu lng AASHTO M253M (ASTM A490M) khng c trng km.
Cc vng m, ai c v bu lng ca bt c lin kt no phi c trng km theo cng
mt phng php. Cc ai c cn c ph ln nhau ti s lng ti thiu yu cu i vi lp
ghp linh kin lin kt v phi c bI trn bng du nhnc mu sc trng thy c.
6.4.3.2.
ai c
Tr ch thch di, cc ai c cho cc bu lng AASHTO M253M (ASTM A352M) phi

tun theo tiu chun k thut i vi cc ai c thp cc bon v hp kim, AASHTO
M291M (ASTM A563M), cc cp 12, 10S3, 8S, 8S3, 10 v 10Shoc cc tiu chun
k thut i vi cc ai c thp cc bon v hp kim cho cc bu lng lm vic p sut cao
v nhit cao, AASHTO M292M (ASTM A194M) cp 2 v cp 2H.
Cc ai c cho cc bu lng ca AASHTO M253M (ASTM A490M) phi tun theo cc yu
cu ca AASHTO M291M (ASTM A563M) cc cp 12 v 10S3 hoc AASHTO M292M
(ASTM A194M) cp 2H.
Cc ai c trng km phi c x l nhit, cp 2H, 12 hoc 10S3. Cc quy nh
ca iu 6.4.3.1 phi c p dng.
Cc ai c thng phi c cng ti thiu l 89HRB.
Cc ai c s dng theo AASHTO M164M (ASTM ), cc bu lng loi 3 phi l cp 3
hoc l cp DH3. Cc ai c s dng theo AASHTO M253M (ASTM A490M), cc
bu lng loi 3 phi l cp DH3.
6.4.3.3.
vng m
Cc vng m phi tun theo tiu chun k thut i vi cc vng m thp ti.
(ASTM F43GM)
Cc uy nh ca iu 6.4.3.1 phi c p dng cho cc vng m trng km.
AASHTO cu ng b
6.4.3.4.
Cc linh kin lin kt tu chn
Cc linh kin lin kt khc hoc cc cm lin kt cho n nay khng c quy nh c
th s dng tu theo s chp nhn ca k s, min l chng p ng c cc im
sau y:
Cc vt liu, cc yu cu sn xutv cc thnh phn ho hc ca AASHTO M164M
(ASTM A235M) hoc AASHTO M253M (ASTM A490M).
Cc yu cu c tnh c hc ca cng quy trnh trong cc th nghim theo kch thc thc, v
ng knh thn v cc khu vc p ta di u v ai c, hoc b phn tng ng
ca chng, khng c nh hnhn cchc thng s quy nh cho mt bu lng v ai
c c cng cc kch thc danh nh c m t trng cc iu 6.4.3.1 v 6.4.3.2.
Cc linh kin lin kt la chn nh th c th khng ging cu kinc kch thc khc
ca bu lng, ai c v vng m quy nh nh trong cc iu 6.4.3.1 v 6.4.3.2.
6.4.3.5.
thit b ch bo ti trng
Cc thit b ch bo ti trng tun theo cc yu cu ca Tiu chun k thut i vi cc

ch bo lc cng trc tip loi vng m c th p c c s dng vi cc linh
kin lin kt kt cu, ASTM F959M, c th c s dng vi cc bu lng, ai c v
vng m.
Cc thit b ch bo lc cng trc tip khc c th c s dng tu theo s chp thun
ca k s.
6.4.4.
inh neo chu ct
Cc inh neo chu ct phi c lm t cc thanh thp ko ngui, cc cp 1015, 1018

hoc 1020, hoc na kh hoc kh hon ton xy, tun theo AASHTO M169
(ASTM A108) Tiu chun k thut i vi cc thanh thp, cc bon, gia cng ngui,
tiu chun cht lng, v phi c gii hn chy nh nht v cng chu ko 345MPa
v 400MPa tng ng. Nu s nng chy gi cc m inhc s dng th thp dng cho
cc m inh phi l cp cc bon thp ph hp vi hnv phi tun theo ASTM A109M
Tiu chun k thut i vi thp, cc bon, thp l cn ngui.
6.4.5.
Kim loi hn
Kim loi hn phi tun theo cc yu cu cu quy phm hn cu D1.5

ANSI/AASHTO/AWS.
6.4.6.
Kim loi c
6.4.6.1.
Thp c v gang do.
Thp c phi tun theo mt trong cc tiu chun sau y:
AASHTO M192M Tiu chun i vi vic c thp cho cu ng b, Hng

485, tr khi c quy nh khc.
AASHTO M103M Tiu chun k thut i vi vic c thp, cc bon, cho ng

dng chung, Cp 485 250, tr khi c quy nh khc.
AASHTO cu ng b
AASHTO M163M (ASTM A742M) tiu chun k thut i vi vic c hp kim

da vo Gang pha Crm chng n mn, Gang pha Crm Niken cho ng dng
chung, cp CA15, tr khi c quy nh khc.
Sn phm c bng gang do phi tun theo tiu chun i vi gang do c, ASTM
A536, Cp 414-276-18, tr khi c quy nh khc.
6.4.6.2.
Cc sn phm c rn c
Cc sn phm rn c phi tun theo ASTM A47M, Cp 24118, - Quy trnh i vi cc

sn phm gang ferit c th rn c. Cng chy do nh nht phi khng thp hn
241MPa.
6.4.6.3.
gang
Cc sn phm gang phi tun theo AASHTO M105 (ASTM A48M), Hng 30 quy trnh
i vi cc sn phm hp kim xm.
6.4.7.
Thp khng g
Thp khng g phi tun theo cc tiu chun sau y:

ASTM A176 quy trnh i vi thp tm, thp l v thp di khong gv thp pha
crm chu nhit.
ASTM A240 - quy trnh i vi thp tm, thp l v thp di pha crm chu nhit
v thp khng g, cho cc bnh p sut.
ASTM A276 - quy trnh i vi thp thanh v thp hnh chu nhit khng g,
hoc
ASTM A666 quy trnh i vi thp l, thp di, thp tm, thanh dt austenit
khng g cho cc p dng kt cu.
Thp khng g tun theo cc Tiu chun lit ktn y c th c s dng min l
thp tun theo cc yu cu c - ho hc ca mt trong cc tiu chun lit k trn
y, hoc cc tiu chun khc ban hnh. Cc tiu chun quy nh cc tnh cht v
s thch hp, v min l cc thp phi chu cc phn tch, th nghim v cc
kim tra khc mt mc theo cch bt bucca mt trong cc tiu chun lit k.
6.4.8.
Dy thp
6.4.8.1.
6.4.8.1 dy thp trn
Dy thp trn phi tun theo ASTM A510M tiu chun i vi cc yu cu chung cho
cc phi cn ko dy v dy trn th, thp cc bon.
6.4.8.2.
dy thp trng km
Dy thp trng km phi tun theo ASTM A641M tiu chun i vi dy thp ccbon
bc km (trng km).
6.4.8.3.
Dy thp bc poxy
Dy thp bc poxy phi tun theo ASTM A99 tiu chun di vi dy thp bc poxy.
AASHTO cu ng b
6.4.8.4.
Dy cp cu
Dy cp cu phi tun theo hoc ASTM A586 tiu chun i vi dy cp kt cu si

thp bc km song song v xon, hoc ASTM A603 tiu chun i vi cp thp kt
cu bc km.
6.5.
6.5.1.
cc trng thi gii hn

6.5.1 Tng qut
Tp tnh kt cu ca cc b phn c lm t thp hoc thp phi hp vi cc vt liu

khc, phi c iu tra theo tng giai on c th l ti hn trong khi thi cng, bc xp,
vn chuyn v lp rp, cng nh trong tui th phc v ca kt cu m chng l mt
phn.
Cc b phn kt cu phi cn xng tho mn cc yu cu v cc trng thi gii hn
v cng , trng thi gii hn c bit, s dng v mi.
6.5.2.
Trng thi gii hn s dng
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca cc iu 2.5.2.6 v 2.10.5 khi c th p dng c.

Cc kt cu phi tho mn cc yu cu t hp ti trng s dng trong Bng 3.4.1-1, lu
Ghi ch 6.
6.5.3.
trng thi gii hn mi v t gy
Cc b phn cu thnh v cc chi tit phi c iu tra v mi nh quy nh trong

iu 6.6.
Phi p dng t hp ti trng mi, quy nh trong Bng 3.4.1-1 v hot ti mi quy
nh trong Iu 3.6.1.4.
Cc bn bng ca dm bn phi tho mn cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.6.
Phi p dng cc iu khon i vi mi trong cc neo chu cttong cc iu
6.10.7.4.2 v 6.10.7.4.3 khi c th p dng c.
Cc bu lng chu mi do ko phi tho mn cc quy nh ca iu 6.13.2.10.3.
Cc yu cu bn chng t gy phi ph hp vi iu 6.6.2.
6.5.4.
trng thi gii hn cng
6.5.4.1.
tng qut
cng v n nh phi c xem xt bng s dng cc t hp ti trng cng

quy nh trong Bng 3.4.1-1.
6.5.4.2.
h s sc khng
Cc h s sc khng, , i vi trng thi gii hn cng phi ly nh sau:
i vi un1 = 1, 00
i vi ct v = 1, 00
AASHTO cu ng b
i vi nn trc, ch cho thp. c = 0, 90
i vi nn trc, lin hp. c = 0, 90
i vi ko, t trong mt ct thc.. u = 0, 80
i vi ko, chy do trong mt ct nguyn. y = 0, 95
i vi p mt ta trn cc cht, cc l doa,
khoan hoc bt bu lng v cc b mt cn. b = 1, 00
i vi cc bu lng p mt trn vt liu .. bb = 0, 80
i vi cc neo chu ct sc= 0, 85
i vi bu lng A325M v A490M chu ko. 1 = 0, 80
i vi bu lng A307 chu ko .. 1 = 0, 80
i vi bu lng chu ct . 1 = 0, 65
i vi ct khi bs = 0, 85
i vi kim loi hn trong ng hn ngu hon ton:
ct trn din tch c hiu.. 01 = 0, 85
ko nn trc giao vi din tch c hiu .. = kim loi nn
ko hoc nn song song vi trc ng hn... = kim loi nn
i vi kim loi hn trong ng hn ngu cc b:
ct song song vi trc ca ng hn. 02 = 0, 80
ko hoc nn song song vi trc ng hn. = kim loi nn
nn trc giao vi din tch c hiu .. = kim loi nn
ko trc giao vi din tch c hiu. 01 = 0, 80
i vi kim loi hn trongcc mi hn:
ko hoc nn song song vi trc ng hn. = kim loi nn
ct trong chiu cao tnh ton ca kim loi hn.. 02 = 0, 80
i vi sc khng khi ng cc 01 = 1, 00
6.5.5.
trng thi gii hn c bit
Phi nghin cu tt c cc t hp ti trng c bit c th p dng ghi trong Bng

3.4.1-1.
Tt c cc h s sc khng i vi trng thi gii hn c bit, tr i vi cc bu lng,
u phi ly bng 1, 0.
Cc mi lin kt bng bu lng khng c bo v bng thit k theo kh nng hoc
theo trng thi chy kt cu c th c gi nh lm vic nh cc lin kt loi ma st
AASHTO cu ng b

trng thi gii hn c bit v phi dng cc gi tr ca cc h s sc khng i vi cc bu
lng ni trong Iu 6.5.4.2.
6.6.
6.6.1.
Cc xem xt v mi v t gy
mi
6.6.1.1.
tng qut
mi phi c phn loi hoc do ti trng gy ra hoc do cong vnh gy ra mi.
6.6.1.2.
Mi do ti trng gy ra
6.6.1.2.1. ng dng
hiu ng lc c xem xt thit k mi ca chi tit cu thp phi thuc phm vi
ng sut ca hot ti
Cc ng sut d khng c xem xt n trong nghin cu mi.
Cc quy nh ny ch p dng cho cc chi tit chu ng sut ko thc. Trong
ccvng m cc ti trng thng xuyn khng c nhn vi h s, gy ra lc nn, th
mi ch c xt nu nh ng sut nn ny nh hn hai ln ng sut hot ti ko ln
nht gy ra t t hp ti trng mi quy nh trong
Bng 3.4.1-1.
6.6.1.2.2. Cc tiu chun thit k

i vi cc nghin cu mi do ti trng gy ra, mi chi tit phi tho mn:
Y(f) (F)n
(6.6.1.2.2-1)
Trong :
Y =H s ti trng quy nh trong Bng 3.4.1-1 i vi t hp ti trng mi
(f) = hiu ng lc, phm vi ng sut hot ti do s I qua ca ti trng mi nh quy
nh trong iu 3.6.1.4 (MPa)
(F)n = Sc chu mi danh nh nh quy nh trong iu 6.6.1.2.5 (MPa)
6.6.1.2.3. Cc loi chi tit

Cc b phn v cc chi tit vi sc chu mi nh hn hoc bng chi tit loi C phi c
thit k tho mn cc yu cu ca cc loi chi tit tng ng; nh tm tt trong Bng 1
v 2, v c cho trong hnh 1.
Bng 6.6.1.2.3.-1 Cc loi chi tit vi ti trng gy ra mi
iu
kin
AASHTO cu ng b
Loi chi Th
tit
minh
d
ho

chung
Trng thi
xem hnh
6.6.1.2.3-3
Cc cu Vi kim loi c bn:

kin th- Vi cc b mt cn v lm sch. Cc mp ct
ng
bng la vi ANSI/AWS D1.5 (Mc 3.2.2), A
nhn 0, 025 mm hoc thp hn
1, 2
Thp thi hiu khng sn, tt c cc cp c

thit k v cu to theo ng vi FHWA (1990)
mt ct thc ca cc u ca thanh c tai treo
v cc bn cht.
B
E
Cc cu Kim loi c bn v kim loi hn trong cc b phn,
kin lp khng c cc thit b ph, c lin kt bng:
rp
Cc ng hn rnh lin tc
ngu hon tonvi cc thanh m lt ly
3, 4, 5, 7
I, hoc
Cc ng hn ln tc song song vi phng ca B
ng sut
Cc ng hn rnh lin tc ngu hon ton vi cc
B
thanh m lt lI, hoc
Cc dng hn rnh lin tc ngu cc b song song
B
vi phng ca ng sut
Kim loi c bn cc u ca cc bn phc chiu
di ring:
Vi cc lin kt bu lng u trt ti hn
Hp hn bn cnh, vi c hoc khng c cc mi B
hn u, hoc rng hn bn cnh vi cc mi hn
u
22
Chiu dy bn cnh 20 mm
Chiu dy bn cnh > 20 mm

Rng hn bn cnh khng c cc mi hn u.
E
E
E
AASHTO cu ng b

iu
kin
chung
Cc lin
kt ni
i u
ng
hn rnh
vi tnh
trng hn
tt
nhtc
thit lp
theo
NDT v
tt c c
mI
theo phng ca
cc ng
sut
Trng thi
Loi chi Th
d
tit
minh ho
xem hnh
6.6.1.2.3-3
Kim loi c bn v kim loi hn cc mi ni i

u hn rnh ngu hon ton.
Ca cc bn c mt ct ngang tng t vicc mi B
hn c lm phng n bn thp nn
8, 10
Vi cc chuyn tip bn knh 600 mm v chiu

rng vi cc mi hn c lm phng n bn nn
Vi cc chuyn tip v chiu rng hoc chiu B
dy vi cc mi hn phng n bn nn to
cc d dc khng dc hn 1, 0 n 2, 5
13
+ Cc kim loi cp c bn 690/690W

+ Cc kim loi c bn khc
11, 12
Vi c hoc khng c cc chuyn tip c cc

dc khng ln hn1, 0 n 2, 5, khi ct thp hn
khng c ly i
B
B
C
Cc thit
b ph
hn bng
ng
hn rnh,
t ti
theo
chiu
dc
Kim loi c bn cc chi tit c lin kt bng cc

ng hn rnh ngu hon ton hay cc b:
Khi chiu di chi tit theo phng ca ng sut
t ln l:
+ Nh hn 50mm
+ Gia 50mm v 12 ln chiu dy ca chi tit,
nhng nh hn 100mm
C
D
+ Ln hn hoc 12 ln chiu dy ca chi tit

hoc 100mm
+ Chiu dy chi tit < 25mm
AASHTO cu ng b
8, 10, 11,
12

+ Chiu dy chi tit > 25mm
Vi bn knh chuyn tip vi cc mi hn u

nhn n nn, khng k n chiu di ca chi B
tit:
C
+ Bn knh chuyn tip 600 mm
D
+ 600mm > bn knh chuyn tip 150mm
e
+ 150mm > bn knh chuyn tip 50 mm
+
Bn knh chuyn tip < 50mm

khng nhn n bn nn
Iu
kin
chung
Trng thi
Cc thit
b ph
hn bng
ng
hn rnh
t ti
theo
chiu
ngang vi
tnh
trng hn
tt
c
thit lp
theo
NDT v
tt c c
mI
ngang
theo hng
ng sut

ng hn rnh ngu hon ton vi bn knh
chuyn tip:
Vi chiu dy bn bng nhau v ct hn ly I:
+ 600mm > bn knh chuyn tip 150mm
+ 150mm > bn knh chuyn tip 50 mm
+
Loi chi Thi

d
tit
minh ho
xem hnh
6.6.1.2.3-1
16
B
C
D
E
Vi chiu dy bn bng nhau v ct hn khng ly

I:
+ 150 mm > bn knh chuyn tip 50mm
+
C
D
E
Vi chiu dy bn bng nhau v ct hn khng ly

I:
D
+ 150 mm > bn knh chuyn tip < 50mm
E
e
i vi mi bn knh chuyn tip vi chiu dy bn

khng bng nhau v ct thp hn khng ly I
Cc
kt
lin Kim loi c bn:

hn
AASHTO cu ng b
Nh
hn C

vi ng cc chi tit khc vi cc lin kt ca np tng cng
hn trc ngang cho bn cnh hoc ca np tng cng
giao vi ngang cho bn bng
phng
ca ng
sut
chn ca cc ct hn ca np tng cng ngang
cho bn cnh v np tng cng ngang cho bn
bng
hoc
phng
trnh
6.6.1.2
.5-3
14
Cc lin ng sut ct trn chiu cao mi hn

kt hn
gc vi ng hn
trc giao
va/ hoc
song
song vi
phng
ca ng
sut
Iu
kin
chung
Trng thi
Loi chi Th
d
tit
minh ho
xem hnh
6.6.1.2.3.1
Cc thit
b ph
hn bng
ng
hn gc,
t ti
theo
chiu
dc

ng hn gc:
Khi chiu di ca chi tit trong phng ca ng
sut l:
+ Nh hn 50mm hoc cc neo chng ct loi
C
inh neo
+ Gia 50mm v 12 ln chiu dy chi tit, nhng D
nh hn 100mm
+ Ln hn hoc 12 ln chiu dy ca chi tit
hoc 100mm
+ Chiu dy chi tit < 25mm
+ Chiu dy chi tit 25mm
nhn n bn nn, khng k n chiu di
ca chi tit.
+
Bn knh chuyn tip 50 mm
AASHTO cu ng b
E
E

+
Bn knh chuyn tip < 50 mm
Vi bn knh chuyn tip vi cc mi hn u e

khng nhn n bn nn
Cc thit
b ph
bng ng hn
gc,
t ti
theo
chiu
ngang,
vi cc ng hn
song
song vi
phng
ca ng
sut
chnh

ng hn gc:
16

nhn n bn mm
+
Bn knh chuyn tip 50 mm
Bn knh chuyn tip < 50 mm

khng nhn n bn nn
D
E
E
Cc lin Kim loi c bn

kt c mt ct nguyn ca cc lin kt trt ti hn bt B
gn
bu lng cng cao, tr cc mi ni t ti trng
cht
theo trc trong s un ngoi mt phng c
bng c gy ra trong cc vt liu lin kt
kh
Cc mt ct thc ca cc lin kt khng trt ti hn
bt bu lng cng cao
B
mt ct thc ca cc lin kt tn inh
D
Iu
kin
chung
Trng thi
Thanh c
tai
treo
hoc cc
bn cht
Kim loi c bn mt ct thc u thanh c tai E

treo hoc bn cht
Kim loi c bn trong thn thanh c tai treo, hoc
thng qua mt ct th ca bn cht vi:
Cc mt cn hoc nhn
Cc cnh ct bng la
AASHTO cu ng b
21
Loi chi Thi

d
tit
minh ho
xem hnh
6.6.1.2.3-1
23.24
23.24
23.24

Bng 6.6.1.2.3-2 cc loi chi tit i vi ti trng gy ra mi ca cc mt cu trc hng
Th d minh ho
Chi tit
M t iu kin
Loi chi tit
Mi hn i
u
bn
mt cu c
hn ngang
Hn i u rnh E
ntn tm lt c
nh. Cc ng hn
ca tm lt phi hn
lin tc
Mi ni i
u
bn
mt cu c
bt bu lng
ngang
Trong cc mi ni i B
u khng i xng,
cc tc dng ca
lch tm phi c
xt trong tnh ton
ng sut
Cc mi ni Cc mi hn rnh C
i u ca kp. Chiu cao ca
sn c hn
li hn khng c
vt qu 20% ca
chiu rng ng
hn. Phi s dng cc
di hn chy v sau
ly i, cc mp
bn phi lm cho
phng n tn bn
nn phng ca ng
sut
Mi ni i Hn i u rnh E
u ca sn nvi tm lt c
c hn vi nh. Cc mi hn
tm lt
gc ca tm ltphi
hn lin tc
AASHTO cu ng b

Mi ni i Hn ni i u rnh E
u ca sn n khng c tm lt
c hn vi
tm lt
Giao ct sn ng sut trc trong t- D

vi dm sn
ng sn u thp
hn ca mi hn sn
vo dm sn
Lin kt bn ng sut bn mt D
cu vi dm cu song song vi
sn
dm sn ch mi
ni mt cuvi dm
sn
1
a
VH
f
ng sut phng
Bn bng ca dng trong bn bng
dm sn dm sn ch ct D
ni ct ra
ra ca dm snti
chn ca sn
f= ng sut trong
bng dm sn do m
men un VHh (MPa)
Trong :
VH= V(LL+ 1)(a +e)Q/l
(N) v l, Q l cc
tnh cht ca mt
ctngang dm sn
mt ct 1-1
6.6.1.2.4. Cc chi tit s dng hn ch

Khng c s dng cc ng hn rnh ngu cc b t ti trng theo chiu ngang,
tr khi c cho php iu 9.8.3.7.2.
Khng c s dng cc bn lin kt vo cc b mt cch dm ch bng cc ng hn
gc ngang.
AASHTO cu ng b
6.6.1.2.5. Sc khng mi
Tr trng hp quy nh di y, sc khng mi danh nh phi c ly nh sau:
(F)n =
1
2
(F ) TH
(6.6.1.2.5-1)
vi:
N=(365)(75)n(ADTT)SL
(6.6.1.2.5-2)
Trong :
A
=Hng s ly t bng 1(MPa3)
n =S cc chu k phm vi ng sut i vi mi lt chy qua ca xe ti, ly t bng 2.

(ADTT)SL=ADTT mt ln xe chy nh quy nh trong Iu 3.6.1.4
(F ) TH
=Hng s gii hn mi bin khng i ly t bng 3 (MPa)
Phm vi sc khng mi danh d i vi kim loi c bn cc chi tita lin kt vi cc ng

hn gc t ti trng ngang, nI m bn gin n c cht ti, phi c ly nh hn
(F)nc v:
( F ) n = ( F )
c
n
0.094 +1.23 t
p
t 1p/ 6
(6.6.1.2.5-3)
trong :
( F ) cn =Sc khng mi danh nh vi chi tit loi C(MPa)

H
tp
=Chiu cao c hiu ca ng hn gc (mm)

=Chiu dy bn t ti (mm)
Bng 6.6.1.2.5-1 -Hng s loi chi tit A

Loi chi tit
Hng s A nhn 1011(MPa3)
82.0
39.3
20.0
14.4
14.4
7.21
3.61
1.28
Bu lng M164M (A325M)chu ko dc 5.61

trc
AASHTO cu ng b

Bu lng M235M(A490M)chu ko dc 10.3
trc
Bng 6.6.1.2.5-2 -Cc chu k i vi xe ti chy qua, n
Cc cu kin dc
Chiu di nhp
>12000mm
12000mm
1.0
2.0
1)Gn gi ta pha 1.5

trong
2.0
2) ni khc
2.0
Cc dm nhp gin n
Cc dm lin tc
1.0
Cc dm hng
5.0
Cc gin
1.0
Cc b phn ngang
Khong cch
>6000mm
6000mm
1.0
2.0
Bng 6.6.1.2.5-3 -Gii hn mi-bin khng i

Loi chi tit
Gii hn (MPa)
165
110
82.7
69.0
82.7
48.3
31.0
17.9
Bu lng M164M (A325M)chu ko dc 214

trc
Bu lng M235M(A490M)chu ko dc 262
trc
6.6.1.3.
Mi do cong vnh gy ra
Cc ng cht ti tt c cc lc c nh v khng c nh phi c b tr

bng lin kt tt c cc b phn ngang vo cc thnh phn thch hp.Cc thnh phn
ny bao gm cc mt ct ngang ca b phn dc.Cc ng cht ti phi c b tr
bng lin kt cc thnh phn khc nhau thng qua hn ni hoc bt bu lng.
AASHTO cu ng b

kim tra s mt n nh khi un dc v do n hi ca bn bng, phi tho
mn quy nh ca iu 6.10.6.
6.6.1.3.1. Cc bn lin kt ngang

Cc bn lin kt phi c hn hoc bt bu lng vo c cc cnh chu nn v chu
ko ca mt ct ngang m :
Cc vch ngn hoc cc khung ngang lin kt c gn ni vo cc bn lin kt ngang,
hoc cc thanh tng cng ngang thc hin chc nng nh cc bn lin kt
Cc vch ngn trong hoc ngoi hoc cc khung ngang c gn ni vo cc bn lin
kt ngang hoc cc thanh tng cng ngang thc hin chc nng nh cc bn lin kt, v
Cc dm sn c gn ni vo cc bn lin kt ngang, hoc cc thanh tng cng ngang
thc hin chc nng nh cc bn ni.
Trong tnh trng thiu thng tin tt hn cn thit k lin kt bng hn hoc bt bu
lng chu ti trng nm ngang 90000N i vi cc cu thng, khng cho.
6.6.1.3.2. 6.6.1.3.2 Bn lin kt ngang

Gn ni cc bn lin kt nm ngang vo cc cnh l khng thc, vy cc bn lin kt
nm ngang trn cc bng c tng cng cn t mt khong cch thng ng khng
nh hn mt na chiu rng ca cnh trn hoc di cnh.Cc bn lin kt nm ngang
gn ni vo cc bng khng c tng cng cn t t nht l mt 150mm trn hoc
di cnh, nhng khng nh hn mt na chiu rng ca cnh nh quy nh trn
Cc u ca cc b phn lin kt nm ngang trn bn lin kt nm ngang phi c gi
khong cachs ti thiu l 100mm k t bung v bt k thanh tng cng ngang no.
ch no s cc thanh tng cng, th cc bn lin kt nm ngang phi nh tm trn
thanh tng cng, d bn ny c cng pha ca bng nh thanh tng cng hay khng.R
ch no bn lin kt nm ngang cng pha ca bng nh thanh tng cng, th bn
phi c gn ni vo thanh tng cng.Thanh tnh cng ngang v tr no phi c lin
tc t cnh chu nn n cnh chu keo v phi c gn ni vo c hai cnh.
6.6.1.3.3. Mt cu trc hng

Lp bn v chi tit phi tha mn tt c cc yu cu ca iu 9.8.3.7
6.6.2.
t gy
Tt c cc b phn chnh v cc lin kt chu cc tc dng lc ko do t hp ti trng

cng I, nh quy nh trong Bng 3.4.1-1, v cc b phn khc yu cu bn chng
t gy ca rnh ch V charpy, phi c ch nh r trn cc bn v hp ng.
Vng nhit thch hp phi c xc nh t nhit nh nht c th s dng c,
nh quy nh trong Bng 1, v phi c ch r trong cc tI liu hp ng.
Cc yu cu bn chng t gy phi theo ng Bang 2 i vi vng nhit thch
hp.
Cng chy do phi ly theo gi tr ghi tronh bo co th nghim ca nh my chng
nhn.
AASHTO cu ng b

Nu cng chy do ca M270M AASHTO, cc cp 345/345W(ASTM A709M, cp
345/345W)vt qu 450 MPa th nhit th phi gim I 8 0C i vi mi lng gia tng
70MPa trn 450MPa.
Nu cng chy do ca M270M AASHTO, cp 485/485W(ASTM709M, cp 485W)
vt qu 585MPa th nhit th phi gim I 8 0C i vi lng gia tng
70MPa trn 585MPa
M270AASHTO, cc cp 690/690W (ASTM A709W, cc cp 690/690W )phi p ng
cc yu cu ca vng 2 xem nh l ti thiu.
Ngi k s phi c trch nhim xc nh, nu c, b phn no l mt b phn ti hn
t gy FCM.V tr ca tt c cc FCM phi c m t r rng trn cc bn v v hp
ng.Vt liu cho cc b phn ti hn t gy hoc cc thnh phn, c ch nh l
FCM, phi c th nghim ph hp vi T243M AASHTO (ASTM AM), tn s P.Ch ring
i vi Vng 3, cc th nghim phi c thc nghim trn mi u ca mi bn thp
cn.
Vt liu cho cc b phn khng c ch nh l b phn t gy ti hn phi ) tn s
H.c th nghim ph hp vi T243 AASHTO (ASTM A673), tn s H.
Mi chi tit ph c chiu di theo phng ca ng sut ko ln hn 100 mm m c
hn vo khu vc chu ko ca mt b phn ca mt FCM phi c xem l mt phn
ca b phn chu ko v phi c xem nh l b phn t gy ti hn.
Bng 6.6.2-1 - Tn vng nhit i vi cc yu cu ca rnh ch V charpy
Nhit dng nh nht
Vng nhit
-180C v trn
-190n 340C
-350C n 510C
6.7.
6.7.1.
Cc yu cu v kch thc chung v chi tit

Chiu di hu ch ca nhp
Cc chiu di nhp phi c ly bng khong cch gia cc tim ca cc gi hoc cc

im khc ca tr ta .
6.7.2.
vng tnh ti
Cc cu thp cn c vng ngc trong khi ch to b lI vng tnh ti v trc

dc tuyn
C th dng cch thay i chn la chiu di ca b phn, khi thch hp trong cc h
gin vm v dy vng :
iu chnh vng tnh ti cho ph hp vi v tr hnh hc cui cng
Gim hoc loi tr vic lm ngn sn, v
iu chnh biu mmen tnh ti trong cc cu siu tnh
AASHTO cu ng b
6.7.3.
Chiu dy nh nht ca thp
Thp kt cu, bao gm ging lin kt, cc khung ngang v tt c cc loi bn tit im,
loi tr i vi cc bng bng thp hnh cn, cc sn t gn nhau trong cc mt cu
trc hng, cc con m v trong cc lan can tay vn, u phi lm bng thp c chiu
dy khng nh hn 8mm
Chiu dy bn bng ca cc dm thp cn hoc thp hnh U v cc sn t gn
nhau trong cc mt cu trc hng khng c nh hn 7.0mm
ni no kim loi d kin b ph ra chu cc nh hng n mn nghim trng, th c
bo v c bit chng n mn, hoc chiu dy ca kim loi b mt mt phi c quy
nh,
6.7.4.
Vch ngn v khung ngang
6.7.4.1.
Tng qut
Cc vch ngn hoc cc khung c th c t u ca kt cu nhp, qua cc gi

ta bn trong, v cch qung dc theo nhp.
S cn thit v cc vach ngn hoc cc khung ngang phi c nghin cu cho tt c
cc giai on ca cc phng php thi cng gi ng v iu kin cui cng. Vic nghin
cu ny cn bao gm, nhng khng b gii hn cc ni dung sau y :
Truyn cc ti trng gi nm ngang t y dm mt cu v t mt cu xung ti cc
gi.
S n nh ca cnh di i vi tt c cc ti trng khi l chu nn.
S n nh ca cc cnh bn trong chu nn trc khi x l mt cu,
S phn b cc hot ti v tnh ti thng tc dng ln kt cu nhp cu.
Cc vch ngn hoc cc khung ngang yu cu v cc iu kin khc vi iu kin cui
cng c th c nh r l phi dng ging lin kt tm.
Nu cc vch ngn hoc cc khung ngang c nh c bao gm trong m hnh kt
cu s dng xc nh cc hiu ng lc, th chng phi c thit k cho tt c cc
trng thi gii hn c th p dng c i vi cc hiu ng lc tnh ton. Cc vch ngn v
cc khung ngang phi c thit k nh l iu kin ti thiu, truyn cc ti trng gi
theo cc quy nh ca iu 4.6.2.7, v phi p ng tt c cc yu cu ca mnh
c th p dng c trong hoc Iu 6.8.4 hoc iu 684 hoc iu 6.9.3.
Cc bn lin kt i vi cc vch ngn v cc khung ngang phi tho mn cc yu cu quy
nh trong iu 6.6.1.3.1.
u ca nhp cu v cc im trung gian l ni m s lin tc ca bn b gin on,
cc mp ca bn phi c bi cc vch ngn hoc cc phng tin thch hp khc
nhau nh ch ddnh tronh iu 9.4.4.
6.7.4.2.
Dm c mt ct I thng
Cc vch ngn hoc cc khung ngang cho cc dm thp cn phi cao t nht bng na
chiu cao ca dam. Cc vch ngn hoc cc khung ngang cho cc dm bn phi cng
cao cng tt.
AASHTO cu ng b

Cc vch ngn ngn hoc cc khung ngang u phi cn xng truyn tt c cc
lc nm ngang t cc gi cu. Nu khung ngang hoc vch ngn u l cho th
thnh phn dc ca lc do b phn cho truyn toi phi c xem xt. Khi cc trc
u cho hn 20 0C, cc khung ngang trung gian phi trc giao vi cc cu kin
chnh. Nu cc tr u cho th cc khung ngang khng cn phi song song vi ng
ca cc gi.
Cc vch ngn u phi c thit k cho cc lc v s cong vnh do mt cu v mi
ni mt cu truyn ti. Cc mmen u ca cc vch ngn phi c xem xt trong
thit k c s lin quan gia thnh phn dc v cc vch ngn.
6.7.4.3.
Dm c mt ct hp thng
Phi lm cc vch ngn hoc cc khung ngang bn trong cc tit din hnh hp ti
m tr chu c s xoay ngang, s chuyn v v s cong vnh, v phi c thit
k truyn cc mmen xon v cc lc ngang t hp ti cc gi.
Nu lm vch ngn tm c s lin tc hoc chu c cc lc ko pht sinh bi
cc cu kin cu, th vch ngn phi c lin kt vo cc bng v cc cnh ca mt
ct hp.
Cn lm cc l thm v cng rng cng tt. Tc ng ca cc l thm ln cc ng sut
trong cc vch ngn cn c nghin cu xc nh xem c cn gia c khng.
Phi thc hin nghin cu vic b cc vch ngn hoc cc khung ngang vnh cu bn
trong hoc gia cc mt ct nhiu hp thp thng c thit k ph hp vi cc iu
khon i vi cc mt ct nhiu hp quy nh trong iu 6.11.1.1.
Trong cc mt ct hp n phi lm cc vch ngn hoc cc khung ngang trung gian
bn trong v phi t cch nhau theo gii hn conh vnh ca mt ct ngang.
6.7.4.4.
gin v vm
phi lm cc vch ngn cc lin kt vo cc dm sn v cc lin kt khc hoc cc

im t cacs ti trng tp trung. Cng c th lm vch ngn bn trong gi s
dng thng ca b phn.
Cc bn tit im gn cht gi u ca gin phi c lin kt bng vch ngn. Cc
bng ca b gi cn c lin kt bng vch ngn ni no c th thc hin c.
Nu u ca bn bng hoc bn ph bng 1200 mm hoc hn tnh t im giao
ct ca cc b phn, th phi lm vch ngn gia cc bn tit im gn cc b phn
chnh.
6.7.5.
H lin kt tng cng ngang (H ging lin kt ngang )
6.7.5.1.
tng qut
S cn v h lin kt tng cng ngang phi c nghin cu cho tt c cc giai on ca

cc phng php thi cng gi nh v iu kin cui cng.
ch no yu cu th cn t h lin kt tng cng ngang hoc trong hoc gn
mt phng ca cnh hoc thanh m gin c ging li, vic nghin cu yu cu i vi
h lin kt tng cng nm ngang phi bao gm, nhng khng b hn ch :
AASHTO cu ng b

Truyn cc ti trng gi ngang n cc gi nh quy nh trong iu 4.6.2.7, v
Truyn cc ti trng ngang nh quy nh trong iu 4.6.2.8.
Kim tra cc bin dng trong qu trnh ch to, lp rp v t mt cu vo v tr.
H lin kt tng cng ngang cn cho cc iu kin khng phi l iu kin cui cng
th c th c tho i.
Nu h lin kt tng cng ngang vnh cu c bao gm trong m hnh kt cu s
dng xc nh cc hiu ng lc, th h ny phi c thit k cho tt c cc trng
thi gii hn c th p dng c. Phi p dng cc quy nh ca cc iu 6.8.4 v 6.9.3.
Cc bn lin kt cho h lin kt tng cng ngang phi tho mn cc yu cu quy nh
trong iu 6.6.1.3.2
Khi h lin kt tng cng ngang c thit k cho chu ti ng t phi p dng cc
quy nh i 4.6.2.8
6.7.5.2.
Dm c mt ct I thng
S cn c h lin kt tng cng nm ngang gia cc cnh ca cc hp ring l phi c

nghin cu bo m rng cc bin dng ca ct hp u c kim tra y
trong khi ch to, lp rp v t mt cu b tng.
H lin kt tng cng nm ngang trn phi c thit k chu dng ct trong
mt ct trc khi bo dng b tng mt cu.Cc lc trong h lin kt do un ca hp
cng phi c xt.
Nu h lin kt c gn ni vo cc bng, th din tch mt ct ngang ca hp v
dng ct phi b gim i phn nh v tr thc t ca h lin kt, v phi thc
hin bin php truyn cc lc t lin kt n cnh trn.
6.7.5.3.
Gin
Cc nhp gin chy di cc nhp gin trn phi c h lin kt nm ngang trn v di.
Nu h ch X ca h lin kt tng cng nm ngang c s dng th mi b phn c
th xt tc ng ng thi nu nh cc b phn p ng c cc yu cu mnh i
vi c cc b phn chu ko v chu nn.Cc b phn cn c lin kt cc ch giao
nhau ca chng.
B phn lm h lin kt tng cng nm ngang cho cc thanh m cn lm cng cao cng
tt v lin kt vo c hai cnh.
Cc lin kt dm sn cn c t cho h lin kt tng cng nm ngang s gn ni
c dm sn v cc b phn chu lc chnh. ch no h lin kt cng nm ngang
giao vi mi ni hnh thnh bi dm sn v cu kin dc chinhs, th b phn tng cng
nm ngang phi c lin kt vo c hai b phn trn.
6.7.6.
cht
6.7.6.1.
v tr
Cc cht cn c t gim cc hiu ng lc do lch tm.

AASHTO cu ng b
6.7.6.2.
sc khng
6.7.6.2.1. un v ct kt hp
Cc cht chu un v ct kt hp phi c cn xng tho mn :
2.2Vu
6.0 M u
+
3
2
f D Fy
v D F y
0.95
(6.7.6.2.1-1)
trong :
D
=ng knh ca cht (m)
Mu =Mmen do cc ti trng tnh ton (N-mm)

Vu =Lc ct do cc ti trng tnh ton (N)
Fy =Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca cht (MPa)
f =H s sc khng un nh quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2

v =H s sc khng ct nh quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2.
Mmen Mu v lc ct Vu cn c ly cng mt ct thit k dc theo cht.
6.7.6.2.2. p mt
Sc khng p mt tnh ton trn cc cht phi c ly nh sau :
(Rpb)r= b ( R )
(6.7.6.2.2-1)
pB n
trong :
(Rpb)n=1.5t DFy
(6.7.6.2.2-2)
dy :
t
=Chiu dy ca bn (mm)
=ng knh ca cht (mm)
b =H s sc khng p mt theo quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2
6.7.6.3.
Kch thc ti thiu ca cht i vi cc thanh c tai treo
ng knh ca cht D, khng c nh hn :

D
Fy
= +
b
4 2760
(6.7.6.3-1)
Trong :
Fy =Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca cht (MPa)
B
=Chiu rng ca thn ca thanh c tai treo (mm).
AASHTO cu ng b
6.7.6.4.
cht v ai c ca cht
Cc cht phi c chiu di bo m s p mt hon ton ca tt c cc phn

lin kt trn thn nn ca cht.Cht phi c bo m ng :
Cc dai c hnh lc gic tin lm vo
Cc ai c cng hng lc gic vi cc vm m,
Nu cc ai cht c khoan l xuyn qua thi u cht c ngn gi bng cccm thanh
cht
Cc ai c ca cht hoc thanh cht phi l cc sn phm c rn hoc thp v phi
m bo ng v tr bng cc cht hm xuyn qua cc ren, hoc bng mi cc ren.
Cc ai c kho sn c th trng c th c s dng thay cho s mi cc ren hoc
dng cc cht hm.
6.8.
6.8.1.
cu kin chu ko
6.8.1 tng qut
Cc cu kin v cc mi ni i u chu lc ko dc trc phi nghin cu i vi hai

iu kin :
Chy do ca mt ct nguyn, th d, Phng trnh 6.8.2.1-1.
t ca mt ct thc, th d, Phng trnh 6.8.2.1-2 .
S xc nh mt ct thc yu cu nghin cu :
Din tch nguyn, t din tch ny s khu tr i hoc p dng cc h s trit gim
thch hp.
Khu tr tt c cc l trong mt ct ngang thit k.
Hiu chnh cc khu tr l bu lng i vi quy tc b tr ch chi c quy nh trong
iu 6.8.3.
p dng h s trit gim U, quy nh trong iu 6.8.2.2, i vi cc b phn v iu
6.13.5.2 i vi cc bn ni i u v cc cu kin ni i u khc gii thch
cho s ct tr.
p dng h s c hiu din tch ln nht 85% i vi cc bn i u v cc cu kin
ni i u khc quy nh trong iu 6.13.5.2
Cc cu kin chu ko phi tho mn cc yu cu v mnh nh quy nh trong iu
6.8.4 v cc yeeu cu v mi ca iu 6.6.1. Cng ct khi phi c nghin cu
cc lin kt nh quy nh trong iu 6.13.4.
6.8.2.
6.8.2 Sc khng ko
6.8.2.1.
Tng qut
Sc khng ko tnh ton, Pr, phi c ly nh hn cc gi tr m cc phng trnh 1 v

2 cho
Pr = yPmy = yFyAn
(6.8.2.1-1)
Pr = u Pnu = uFuAnU
(6.8.2.1-2)
AASHTO cu ng b

Trong :
Pmy
=Sc khng ko danh nh i vi s chaye do trong mt ct nguyn (N)
Fy =Cng chy do (MPa).

Ag =Din tch mt ct ngang nguyn ca b phn (mm2).
Pnu =Sc khng ko danh nh i vi t gy trong mt ct thc (N).
Fu =Cng chu ko (MPa).
An =Din tch thc ca b phn theo quy nh trong Diu 6.8.3 (mm 2).
U =H s trit gim gii thch cho s ct tr, 1.0 i vi cc thnh phn trong cc
tc dng lc c truyn ti tt c cc cu kin,
V theo quy nh trong iu 6.8.2.2 i vi cc trng hp khc.
y
=H s sc khng i vi chy do ca cc b phn chu ko theo quy nh
trong iu 6.5.4.2.
u =H s sc khng i vi t gy ca cc b phn chu ko theo quy nh
trong iu 6.5.4.2.
6.8.2.2.
H s trit gim, U
Trong trng hp thiu cc th nghim hoc phn tch chnh xc hn, cc h s trit
gim y c th c s dng gii thch cho s ct tr trong cc lin kt.
H s trit gim, U, i vi thp hnh I cn cc thanh ch T ct t thp hnh I chu
ta trng truyn trc tip t mt s, nhng khng phi tt c, cc cu kin c th c
ly nh sau :
i vi cc lin kt ch vi cc mi hn ngang u :
U=
Ane
Agn
(6.8.2.2-1)
H s trit gim, U, i vi tt c cc b phn khc chu ti trng truyn t mt s, nhng khng phi tt c, cc cu kin thng qua cc lin kt bu lng vi ba hoc trn ba bu
lng, mi ng trong phng ca ti trng, hoc cc lin kt hn, tr cc trng hp ch
gii bn di, c th c ly nh sau: U = 0.85.
H s trit gim, U, i vi cc lin kt vi cc ng hn dc, dc theo c hai mp ca
phn lin kt, c th c ly nh sau :
Nu L>2W
Nu 2W>L>1.5W
Nu 1.5W>L>W
th U=1.0
th U=0.87
th U=0.75
Trong :
Ane
= Din tch thc chu ti trng trong phm vi chiu di lin kt ca cc cu
2
kin (mm )
Agn
=Din tch thc nh nht ca b phn ngoi chiu di lin kt (mm 2)
AASHTO cu ng b

W = Chiu rng ca cu kin lin kt (mm)
L = Chiu di ng hn (mm)
6.8.2.3.
ko v un kt hp
Cu kin chu ko v kt hp phi tho mn cc phng trnh 1v 2 :

Pu
Pr
nu
< 0.2
Pu
Pr
nu
th
M
Pu
Muy
+ ux +
1 .0
2.0 Pr M rx
M ry
0.2 th
(6.8.2.3-1)
Pu 8.0 M ux Muy
+
+
1.0
Pr 9.0 M rx
M ry
(6.8.2.3-2)
trong :
Pr =Sc khng ko tnh ton theo quy nh trong iu 6.8.2.1 (N)
Mrx, Mry
=Sc khng un tnh ton theo cc trc X v Y, tng ng c quy nh
trong iu 6.10.4 v 6.12 (N-mm).
Mux, Muy
= Cc mmen theo cc trc x v y, tng ng, do cc ti trng tnh ton
gy ra (N-mm).
Pu
=Hiu ng lc dc trc do cc ti trng tnh ton gy ra (N)
S n nh ca cnh chu ng sut nn thc do ko v un phi c nghin cu v

on cc b.
6.8.3.
Din tch thc
Mt ct thc An ca mt cu kin l tng cc tch s ca chiu dy v chiu rng

thc nh nht ca mi b phn. B rng khu tr cc l; tiu chun; ngoi c v c
khot trng phi c ly bng gi tr ln hn kch c l quy nh trong iu 6.13.2.4.2
Phi xc nh chiu rng thc i vi tng chui cc l v trin khai ngang qua cu
kin v dc theo bat c tuyn ngang, xin hay ng ch chi bt k no.
Chiu rng thc i vi mi dy phi c xc nh bng chiu rng ca cu kin tr i
tng cc chiu rng ca tt c cc l trong dy v cng thm lng S2/4g cho mi
khong cch gia cc l tip lin nhau trong dy, trong :
S
=Bc ca bt k hai l tip lin nhau (mm)
=Kch c ca cng hai l (mm)
i vi cc thp gc, kch c i vi cc l trong cc cnh k i din phi bng tng

cc kch c t lng ca cc thep gc tr i chiu dy.
6.8.4.
T s mnh gii hn
Cc b phn chu ko khc vi cc thanh ko, thanh c tai treo,dy cp v cc bn phi

tho mn cc yu cu mnh quy nh y :
* i vi cc b phn chnh chu ng sut i du
l/r 140.
* i vi cc b phn chnh khng chu cc ng sut i du
l/r 200
AASHTO cu ng b

* i vi cc b phn lin kt
l/r 240
trong :
l = Chiu di khng c sn tng cng (mm)
r = Bn knh quay nh nht (mm)
6.8.5.
cc b phn lp rp
6.8.5.1.
tng qut
Cc cu kin chnh ca cc b phn chu ko c lp rp t cc thp hnh cn hoc

hn phi c lin kt hoc bng cc bn lin tc c hoc khng khoan l, hnh bng
cc bn ni c hoc khng c thanh np. C lin kt hn gia cc thp hnh v cc
bn thp phi lin tc. Cc lin kt bu lng gia cc thp hnh v cc bn thp phi tun
theo cc quy nh ca iu 6. 13. 2
6.8.5.2.
cc bn khoan l
T l ca chiu di theo phng ca ng sut vi chiu rng ca cc l khng c vt qu

2. 0.
Khong cch tnh gia cc l theo phng ca ng sut khng c nh hn khong cch
ngang gia cc ng bu lng hoc ng hn gn nht. Khong cch tnh giau
ca bn v l th nht khng c nh hn 1. 25 ln khong cch ngang gi cc bu lng
hoc ng hn.
Chu vi ng trn ca cc l phi c bn knh ti thiu 38 mm.
Cc chiu rng khng c chng cc mp ca cc l c th gi nh l gp phn
vo din tch thc ca b phn. ch no cc l c b tr so le theo cc bn khoan l
ngc nhau, din tch thc ca b phn phi c xem nh cng din tch ca mt ct
c cc l trong cng mt phng ngang.
6.8.6.
cc thanh c tai treo
6.8.6.1.
Sc khng tnh ton
Sc khng tnh ton ca thn c tai treo phi ly nh quy nh trong phng trnh
6.8.2.1-1.
6.8.6.2.
Cc t l.
Cc thanh c tai treo phi c chiu dy ng u, khng nh hn 14 mm hoc ln

hn 50 mm.
Bn knh chuyn tip gia u v thn ca thanh c tai treo khng c nh hn chiu
rng ca u ti ng tim ca l cht.
Chiu rng thc ca u ti ng tim ca l cht khng c nh hn 135% chiu rng
yu cu ca thn.
Kch thc thc ca u bn ngoi l cht ly theo phng dc khng c nh hn 75%
ca chiu rng ca thn.
AASHTO cu ng b

Chiu rng ca thn khng c vt qu tm ln chiu dy ca n.
Tim ca l cht phi c t trn trc dc ca thn ca thanh c tai treo.ng knh l
cht khng c ln hn ng knh cht 0.8mm.
i vi cc loi thp c cng chy do nh nht ch nh ln hn 480MPa, ng
knh l khng c vt nm ln chiie dy ca thanh c tai treo.
6.8.6.3.
m chn
Cc thanh c tai treo ca mt b phi i xng i vi mt phng trung tm ca cu

kin v cng song song cng tt.Chng phi c ngn chng li chuyn ng nm
ngang trn cc cht v chng li s cong vnh nm ngang do s cho ca cu.
Cc thanh c tai treo phi c b tr cc thanh k trong cng khoang c tch ra t
nht l 14 mm.Phi c cc vng m m mi khe h gia cc thanh c tai treo k
nhau trn mt cht.Cc thanh cho giao nhau u khng xa khng tr ngi ln
nhau mi lc th phi c kp cht li cng nhau ch giao nhau.
6.8.7.
Cc bn lin kt cht
6.8.7.1.
Tng qut
ni no c th c th cn trnh cc bn lin kt cht.

Cc quy nh ca iu 6.8.2.1 phi c tho mn.
6.8.7.2.
Bn cht
Sc khng p mt tnh ton trn cc bn cht Pr, phi ly nh sau :

Pr = b Pn = b AbFy
(6.8.7.2-1)
y :
Pn =Sc khng p mt danh nh (N).
Ab =Din tch p mt chiu ln bn (mm2).
Fy =Cng chy do nh nht quy nh bn (MPa).
b =H s sc khng i vi p mt quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2.

Bn chnh c th c tng cng trong vng l bng gn vo cc bn cht gia tng
chiu dy ca tm bn chnh.
Nu cc bn cht c s dng, chng phi c sp xp gim n ti thiu
lch tm ca hot ti v c gn vo bn chnh bng cc ng hn hoc cc bu lng
truyn cc lc p mt t cc bn cht vo bn chnh.
6.8.7.3.
Cc t l
Din tch thc t hp ca bn chnh v cc bn cht trn mt mt ct ngang xuyn qua

ng tim cu l cht khng c nh hn 1.4 ln din tch thc yu cu ca bn chnh
xa l.
Din tch thc t hp ca bn chnh v cc bn cht xa l cht, ly theo ph ng dc,
khng c nh hn din tch thc yu cu ca bn chnh xa l cht.
AASHTO cu ng b

Tim ca l cht phi c t trren trc dc ca bn chnh.ng knh l cht khng c
ln hn ng knh cht l 0.8mm.
i vi cc thp c cng chy do ti thiu quy nh ln hn 480MPa ng knh l
khng c vt qu nm ln chiu dy t hp ca bn chnh v cc bn cht.
Chiu dy t hp ca bn chnh v cc bn cht khng c nh hn 12% ca chiu
rng thc t mp l ns mp ca bn hoc cc bn.Chiu dy ca bn chnh khng
c nh hn 12% ca chiu rng yu cu xa l.
6.8.7.4.
m chn
Cc cu kin lin kt cht phi c ngn gi li s chuyn ng nm ngang trn cht v

chng li s cong vnh do s cho ca cu.
6.9.
6.9.1.
6.9 Cu kin chu nn

tng qut
Cc quy nh ca iu ny phi c p dng cho cc cu kin thp lin hp v khng

lin hp c hng lng tr vi t nht mt mt phng i xng v chu hoc nn dc
trc v un kt hp i vi trc i xng.
Cc vm cn phi tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 6.14.4.
Cc thanh m chu nn ca cc gin chy cn phi tho mn cc yu cu ca
iu6.14.2.9.
6.9.2.
Sc khng nn
6.9.2.1.
Nn dc trc
Sc khng tnh ton ca cc cu kin trong chu nn P r, phi c ly nh sau :

Pr = c Pn
(6.9.2.1-1)
Trong :
Pn =Sc khng nn danh nh theo quy nh cc iu 6.9.4 v 6.9.5 (N)
c =h s sc khng i vi nn theo quy nh trong Diu 6.5.4.2.
6.9.2.2.
nn dc trc v un kt hp
Ti trng nn dc trc, Pu, v cc mmen xy ra ng thi M ux, Muy, tnh ton i vi cc

ti trng tnh ton bng cc phng php gii tch n hi phi tho mn mi quan h
sau y :
nu
nu
Pu
Pr
Pu
Pr
< 0.2
th
0.2 th
AASHTO cu ng b
M
Pu
Muy
+ ux +
1 .0
2.0 Pr M rx
M ry
(6.9.2.2-1)
Pu 8.0 M ux Muy
+
+
1.0
Pr 9.0 M rx
M ry
(6.9.2.2-2)

trong :
Pr =Sc khng ko tnh ton theo quy nh trong iu 6.9.2.1 (N)
Mrx =Sc khng un tnh ton theo cc trc x theo quy nh trong cc iu 6.10.11 v
6.12 (N-mm)
Mry =Sc khng un tnh ton theo cc trc y theo quy nh trong cc iu 6.10.11 v
6.12 (N-mm)
Muy =Mmen un tinh ton theo cc trc y theo quy nh trong cc iu 6.10.6.11 v
6.12 (N-mm)
Mux =Mmen un tinh ton theo cc trc x theo quy nh trong cc iu 6.10.6.11 v
6.12 (N-mm)
Cc mmen Mux, Muy theo cc trc i xng c th c xc nh bng hoc :
S phn tch n hi bc hai, iu gii thch cho khuych i
mmen gy ra bi ti trng trc tnh ton .
S hiu chnh gn ng mt bc c quy nh trong iu 4.5.3.2b.
6.9.3.
T s mnh gii hn
Cc cu kin chu nn phi tho mn cc yu cu ca mnh y :

i vi cc b phn chnh:
Kl
120
r
i vi cc b phn lin kt :
Kl
140
r
trong :
K
=H s chiu di c hiu quy nh trong iu 4.6.2.5.
=Chiu di khng c lin kt (mm)
=Bn knh quay nh nht (mm)
V mc ch ch ca iu ny, bn knh quay c th c tnh ton trn mt mt

ct tng tng b qua phn ca din tch ca mot thnh phn, min l :
Kh nng ca thnh phn cn c trn din tch v bn knh quay thc t v t qu cc ti
trng tnh ton.
Kh nng ca thnh phn tng tng cn c trn din tch gim i v bn knh quay tng
ng cng vt qu cc ti trng tnh ton.
AASHTO cu ng b
6.9.4.
cc cu kin khng lin hp
6.9.4.1.
Sc khng nn danh nh
i vi cc cu kin tho mn cc yu cu chiu rng /chiu dy ch nh trong iu

6.9.4.2 sc khng nn danh nh Pn, phi c ly nh sau :
nu 2.25 th Pn =0.68 FyAs
nu > 2.25 th Pn =
(6.9.4.1-1)
0.88 FyAs
(6.9.4.1-2)
Kl F y
rs E
vi
trong :
As =Din tch mt ct nguyn (mm2)
Fy =Cng chy do (MPa)
E
=Mun n hi (MPa)
=H s chiu dy c hiu quy nh trong iu 4.6.2.5
= Chiu di khng c lin kt (mm)
rs
=Bn knh quay theo mt phng on (mm)
i vi cc cc thp ch di ti trng trc, Pn khng c vt qu tr s sau y :

i vi cc cc H
.0.78FyAs
i vi cc cc ng
.0.87FyAs
6.9.4.2.
dc trc
cc t s chiu rng /chiu dy gii hn i vi nn
mnh ca cc bn phi tho mn :

b
k
t
E
Fy
(6.9.4.2-1)
trong :
k
= H s on ca bn theo quy ng trong bng 1
= Chiu rng ca bn nh quy nh trong Bng 1 (mm)
= Chiu dy bn (mm)
Chiu dy vch ca cc ng phi tho mn :

AASHTO cu ng b

i v cc ng trn :
D
2. 8k
t
E
Fy
(6.9.4.2-2)
i v cc ng hnh ch nht :
b
1.7 k
t
E
Fy
(6.9.4.2-3)
trong :
D
=ng knh ng (mm).
=Chiu rng mt (mm).
=Chiu dy ng (mm).
i vi cc cu kin thit k s dng cc phng trnh ca iu 6.9.2.2, Fy nh s dng

y c th c thay th bi ng sut tnh ton ln nht do ti trng hng trc tnh ton
v mmen un xy ra ng thi.
Bng 6.9.2.1 -Cc t s chiu rng chiu dy gii hn
Cc bn c dc mt mp
0.56
Chiu rng na cnh ca cc mt ct I

Chiu rng ton cnh ca cc thp I
Khong cch gia mp t do v hng bu
lng th nht hoc cc ng hn trong
cc bn
Cc cnh v cc cnh nh ra
hoc cc bn.
Ton chiu rng ca cnh bn nh ra i

vi cc i thp gc trong tip xc lin tc
Cc thn ca thp T cn
0.75
Ton chiu cao ca T
Cc cu kin nh ra khc
0.45
Ton chiu rng ca cnh bn nh ra i

vi thanh chng thp gc n hoc thanh
chng thp gc i vi tm ngn
Ton chiu rng nh ra vi cc cu
kin khc
Cc bn c dc hai mp
Cc cnh hp v cc bn ph
1.40
Khong cch tnh gia cc bng tr i bn

knh gc trong trn mi bn i vi cc cnh
hp.
AASHTO cu ng b

Khong cch gia cc ng hn hoc bu
lng i vi cc bn ph cnh.
Khong cch tnh gia cc cnh tr i cc
bn knh ng hn i vi cc bnh cc
dm cn.
Cc bng v cc cu kin bn 1.49
khc
Cc bn ph khoan l
6.9.4.3.
1.86
Khong cch tnh gia cc thanh mp

i vi tt c cu kin khc.
Khong cch tnh gia cc thanh mp
cc b phn lp rp
tng qut
6.9.4.3.1.
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 6.9.4.2 T s mnh ca cc cu kin gi cc bu

lng lin kt khng c nhiu hn 75% ca t s mnh khng ch ca b phn.
6.9.4.3.2. Cc bn khoan l
Cc bn khoan l phi tho mn cc yu cu ca cc iu 6.9.4.2 v iu 6.9.4.2 v
6.8.5.2 v pha c thit k cho tng lc ct do cc ti trng tinh ton v mt lc ct
ph ly nh sau :
V=
8.8( l / r ) Fy
Pr 100
+
100 ( l / r ) + 10
E
(6.9.4.3.2-1)
Trong :
V =Lc ct ph thm (N)
Pr = bn nn tnh ton quy nh trong cc iu 6.9.2.1 v 6.9.2.2 (N)
l
= Chiu di cu kin (mm)
= Bn knh quay theo trc thng gc n bn khoan l (mm)
Fy = Cng chy do (MPa)
6.9.5.
Cc cu kin lin hp
6.9.5.1.
Sc khng nn danh nh
Cc quy nh ca iu ny phi p dng cho cc ct lin hp khng chu un. Cc quy

nh ca iu 6.12.2.3 phi p dng cho cc ct lin hp chu un.
Sc khng nn danh nh ca ct lin hp tho mn cc quy nh ca i 6.9.5.2 phi
ly nh sau :
AASHTO cu ng b

Nu 2.25
th Pn =0.66 FeAs
Nu > 2.25
th Pn =
(6.9.5.1-1)
0.88 FeAs
(6.9.5.1-2)
Vi
2
kl Fe
rs Ee
Ar
Fe =Fy+C1Fyt
As
(6.9.5.1-3)
A
+ C 2 f c ' r
As
C 3 Ac
Ee =E 1 +
n As
(6.9.5.1-4)
(6.9.5-1.5)
Trong :
As =Din tch mt ct ngang ca mt ct thp (mm2 )
Ac =Din tch mt ct ngang ca b tng (mm2)
Ar =Tng din tch mt ct ngang ca ct thp dc (mm2)
Fy =Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca mt ct thp dc (MPa)
fc =Cng chu nn 28 ngy nh nht quy nh ca b tng (MPa)
E =Mun n hi ca thp (MPa)
l = Chiu di khng c tng cng ca ct (mm)
K = H s chiu di c hiu theo quy nh trong iu 4.6.5.2
n = T s mun ca b tng theo quy nh trong iu 6.10.5.1.1b
rs = Bn knh ca mt ct thp trong mt phng un, nhng khng nh
hn 0.3 ln chiu rng ca b phn lin hp trong mt phng un
i vi cc thp hnh c bc b tng lin hp (mm)
C1, C2, C3, =Hng s ct lin hp c quy nh trong Bng 1>
Bng 6.9.5.1-1 - Cc hng s ct lin hp
C1
Cc ng c nhi Cc thp hnh c

y
bc
1.0
AASHTO cu ng b
0.70

C2
0.85
0.60
C3
0.40
0.20
Trong xc nh s khuych i mmen i vi cc b phn lin hp chu nn dc trc

v un kt hp theo s iu chnh gn ng mt bc quy nh trong iu 4.5.3.2.2b
phi p dng phng trnh sau y :
Pe =
6.9.5.2.
As Fe
(6.9.5.1-6 )
Cc gii hn
6.9.5.2.1. tng qut

Sc khng nn phi c tnh ton ph hp iu 6.9.5.1, nu din tch mt ct ngang
ca mt ct thp gm t nht 4% tng din tch mt ct ngang ca b phn.
Sc khng nn phi c tnh ton nh l ct b tng ct thp trong phn 5, nu din
tch mt ct ngang ca thp hnh hoc ng nh hn 4% tng din tch mt ct
ngang.
Cng nn ca b tng phi gia 20 MPa v 55MPa Cng chy do ca mt
ct thp v ct thp dc s dng tnh sc khng nn danh nh phi khng v t
qu 420 MPa.
S truyn tt c ti trng trong ct lin hp phi c xem xt trong thit k cc thnh
phn .Mt ct ngang phi c t nht mt trc i xng.
6.9.5.2.2. Cc ng nhi y b tng.

Cc yu cu v chiu dy ca vch i vi cc ng khng nhi quy nh trong iu
6.9.4.2 phi p dng cho cc ng lin hp nhi y b tng.
6.9.5.2.3. Cc thp hnh hc b tng

Cc thp hnh bc b tng phi c tng cng bng thp dc v thp ngang.Ct thp
phi tun theo cc quy nh ca iu 5.7.4.6, tr khong cch thng ng ca cc
thanh ging ngang phi khng c vt qu tr s nh nht ca :
16 ln ng knh thanh thp dc.
48 ln ng knh thanh ging .
0.5 kch thc bn nh nht ca cu kin lin hp.
Nhiu thp hnh hc trong cng mt ct ngang ca mt ct lin hp phi c lin kt vi

nhau bng ai v cc bn ging phng on cc thp hnh ring l trcs khi ng
cng.
AASHTO cu ng b
6.10. Cac mt ct ch I chu un

6.10.1.
tng qut
Cc iu khon mc ny phi c p dng cho cc mt ct ch I thng chu un

bng thp cn hoc t hp i xng vi trc thng ng nm trong mt phng ca
bng dm.
Cc mt ct lai (nhiu loi vt liu )gm mt bn bng c sc khng chy do nh
nht c quy nh thp hn cng mt hoc c hai canh c th c thit k theo
quy nh n. Cho php dng cc mt ct m thp bng c sc khng cao hn thp
cc cnh c php dng nhng khng c coi l mt ct lai.
Cc diu khon ca cc mc ny phi c p dng cho cc mt ct c (m bo nh
lin khi )hoc khng c v mt c lin hp hoc khng lin hp.
Cc cu kin chu un phi c thit k theo :
Sc khng un theo trng thi gii hn cng c quy nh trong mc 6.10.4.
Kim tra trng thi gii hn s dng i vi vng thng xuyn c quy nh
trong mc 6.10.5.
Trng thi gii hn cnh chu ct c quy nh theo mc 6.10.3.2.
Tnh kh thi v xy dng c quy nh theo 6.10.3.2.
C th xem xt cc iu khon v vng c chn tu theo phng mc 2.5.2.6.2.
6.10.2.
Cc gii hn trong vic xc nh kch thc mt ct.
Cn c trn vic trn nghin cu v un, cc t l cu to ca mt ct ch I phi tho

mn cc iu sau y trong tt c cc giai on thi cng v trong trng thi cui cng.
Trong mc 6.10.2.2, fc v Dc phi c ly sao thch hp vi iu kin ang nghin cu.
6.10.2.1.
cc t l cu to chung
cc cu kin un phi c cu to theo t l sao cho :
0.1
l yc
ly
0.9
(6.10.2.1-1)
trong :
ly
=Memn qun tnh ca mt ct thp i vi trc thng ng
trong mt phng cua bng.

lyc
=Mmen qun tnh ca cnh chu nn ca mt ct thp i
vi trc thng ng trong mt phng ca bng (mm 4) .
6.10.2.2.
mnh ca bng
bng dm phi c cu to sao cho:

AASHTO cu ng b

Khi khng c tng cng theo phng dc (6.10.2.2.1)
Khi c tng cng theo phng dc (6.10.2.2.2)
Trong :
Dc = Chiu cao ca bng chu nn trong phm vi n hi (mm)
fc
= ng sut cnh chu nn do lc tnh ton (MPa)
6.10.3.
p dng
6.10.3.1.
Cc mt ct lin hp
Cc mt ct lin hp c nh ngha l nhng mt ct gm mt bn mt b tng

lin kt vi mt mt ct thp bng lin kt chng ct ph hp vi iu 6.10.7.4 vc
th p dng cho cc h bn mt khc c chng minh m bo c tc dng lin hpv
chng on ngang.
6.10.3.1.1. Cc ng sut
6.10.3.1.1a Trnh t cht ti trng
ng sut n hi mt v tr bt k trn mt ct lin hp do ti trng tc dng gy ra
phi bng tng s cc ng mt gy ra bi cc lc tc dng ring r tcdng vo:
Phn thp
Mt ct lin hp ngn hn v
Mt ct lin hp di hn
Ti trng thng xuyn tc dng, trc khi bn t c 75 % fc, c gi thit phi do mt

ct thp chu n c. Ti trng thng xuyn v hot ti tc dgn sau kh bn t c
75% fc c gi thit phi do mt ct lin hp chu. i vi cng trnh c tr phi gi
thit ton b ti trng thng tc dgn sau khi bn t c 75% fc v trong ti liu hp
ng phi ch r nh vy.
6.10.3.1.1b Un dng
Khi tnh ton cc ng sut un phi xem xt mt ct lin hp gm mt ct thp v b
mt bin dng ca bn b tng c b rng hu ch.
i vi cc ti trng tm thi, gi thit chng tc dng vo mt ct lin hp di hn v b
mt bn phi b bin dng, khi dng t s mun ngn hn.
i vi cc ti trng thng xuyn, gi thit chng tc dng vo mt ct lin hp di hn
v b mt bn phi b bin dng, khi dng t s mun bng 3n.
i vi b tng c khi lng ring thng thng, t s mun c th ly nh sau:
16 fc 20;
n=10
20 fc 25;
n=9
25 fc 32;
n=8
32 fc 41;
n=7
AASHTO cu ng b

41 fc
n=6
6.10.3.1.1c Un m
tnh ton cc ng sut do mmen gy ra, i vi c mmen lin hp di hn ln
ngn hn, mt ct lin hp phi bao gm c mt ct thp v ct thp theo phng
dc trong phm vi chiu rng hu ch ca bn.
6.10.3.1.1d Chiu rng hu ch ca bn

Nu khng c thng tin tt hn, phi p dng cc iu khon ca mc 4.6.2.6.
6.10.3.1.2. Mmen chy do

Mmen chy do My mt s mt ct lin hp phi ly bng tng cc mmen tc dng
ring l vo phn thp v vo cc mt ct lin hp ngn hn v di hn gy trng
thi chy do u tin mt trong hai bn cnh thp, khi khng xt n chy do hnh
thnh bng ca mt ct lai.
6.10.3.1.3. Mmen do
Mp phi c tnh ton bng mmen u tin ca lc do i vi trc rung ho do.
tnh ton cc lc do trong cc phn thp ca mt ct lin hp, phi dng sc khng
chy do thch hp cho c cnh, cho bng v ct thp. Cc lc do trong cc phn b
tng chu nn ca mt ct lin hp c th da trn khi ng sut ch nht nh ch
dn rtong mc 5.7.2.2 v b qua b tng chu ko.
V tr ca trc trung ho do phi c xc nh theo iu kin cn bng m khng
c lc dc thun tu.
6.10.3.1.4. Chiu cao ca bng chu nn.

6.10.3.1.4a Ti mmen n hi
i vi cc mt ct chu un dng phi tnh ton chiu cao ca bng chu nn. D c
ti mmen n hi thit k bng chiu cao m trn tng i s ca cc ng sut
trong thp cc mt ct lin hp di hn v lin hp ngn hn do cc tnh ti v hat ti
gy ra cng vi xung kch u l ng sut nn. i vi cc mt ct chu un m, c
th tnh ton Dc cho mt ct bao gm dm thp cng vi ct thp theo phng dc.
6.10.3.1.4b Ti mmen do
Chiu cao ca bng chu nn ti mmen do Dcp c th c xc nh nh sau:
Dcp =
i vi cc mt ct chu un dng, khi trc trung ho qua bng, Dcp c ly l:

'
D Fyt At Fyc Ac 0,85 f c As F Ar

+ 1
Z
Fyw Aw
(6.10.3.1.4b 1)
Trong :
Dc = Chiu cao bng chu nn ti mmen do (mm)
D = Chiu cao bng (mm)
AASHTO cu ng b

As = Din tch bn.
At = Din tch cnh chu ko (mm2).
Fyc
= Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca cnh chu nn (MPa).
Fyc
= Cng chy do nh nht theo quy nh ca ct thp dc trong
ct (MPa).
mt
Fyt = Cng chy do nh nht c quy nh ca cnh chu ko (MPa).

Fyw
= Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca bng (MPa).
Fc = Cng chu nn 28 ngy quy nh ca b tng (MPa).
i vi tt c cc mt ct chu un dng, Dcu phi ly bng 0 v yu cu v

mnh ca bng trong mt ct c mc 6.10.4.1.2 phi coi l tho mn.
i vi cc mt ct chu un m khi c trc trung ho do i qua bng :
Dcp=
D
( Fyt At + Fyw Aw- + Fyt At Fyc Ac )
2 Aw- Fw
(6.10.3.1.4b-2)
i vi cc mt ct khc chu un m, Dcp phi ly bng D.
6.10.3.2.
yu cu v cu to i vi cc mt ct lin hp.
6.10.3.2.1. Tng qut

m bo yu cu v cu to i vi cc mt ct c lin hp trng thi cui cng
nhng khng lin hp trong qu trnh thi cng khi nghin cu phi c coi l cc mt ct
khng lin hp cc giai on khc nhau theo trnh t lp t mt cu qua vic s
dng t hp ti trng thch hp trong Bng 3.4.1-1 tnh ton.Cc c trng hnh
hc, chiu di ging, v ng sut c s dng trong tnh ton sc khng un danh
nh theo mc ny ch p dng i vi mt ct thp di tc dng ca ti trng thi cng
tnh ton.Cc thay i v ti trng, cng v h ging trong cc giai on b
tng cn phi c xem xt.
6.10.3.2.2. Sc khng un danh nh.

Phi tin hnh nghin cu v cu to ca cc dm lin hp theo quy nh ca iu
6.10.4.1.4 v mnh cnh chu nn ca mt ct khng c.
Cc dm lin hp trong giai on thi cng, khi cn cha c lin hp phi tho mn cc yu
cu nu trong iu 6.10.2.1 v mnh ca bng khng c theo truyn thng.
6.10.3.2.3. Sc khng ct danh nh

i vi cc bng ca cc mt ct ng cht, c cc sn tng cng ngang v c hoc
khng c cc sn tng cng dc, sc khng ct danh nh nghin cu v trnh t
lp mt cu phi l :
AASHTO cu ng b

Vn =CVn
Trong :
C =T s ca ng sut gy mt n nh trn tr s cng chy
do khi chu ct theo quy nh mc 6.10.7.3.3a.
Vp = Kh nng chu ct do c quy nh iu 6.10.7.3.3a (N)
6.10.3.3.
cc mt ct khng lin hp.
Khi xt v mt k thut c tnh kh thi, phi dng cc kt cu lin hp.

i vi cc mt ct thp khng c cc neo chng ct c quy nh ph hp vi iu
6.10.7.4 cho php xem l nhng mt ct khng lin hp.
6.10.3.3.1. Mmen chy do v mmen do.

Phi tnh mmen chy do My ca mt mt ct khng lin hp bng mmen cn thit
gy ra chy do u tin mt trong bn chnh khi khng xt n bt k s chy
do no bng ca mt ct lai.
Mmen do Mp ca mt mt ct khng lin hp phi ly bng mmen tng hp lc ca
ton b s phn phi ng suts do tc dng vo mt ct.
6.10.3.3.2. Chiu cao ca bn bng chu nn ti mmen do.

Chiu cao ca bn bng ti mmen do phi c xc nh nh di y :
Nu :
FyxAw (FycAc-FytAt) th
cp = 2
(F
yt
At + Fyw Aw - Fyc Ac )
(6.10.3.3.2-1)
w-
Ngc li :Dcp =D
Trong :
6.10.3.4.
cng
C th dng cc c trng hnh v cng sau y phn tch cc cu kin chu

un:
i vi ti trng tc dng ln cc mt ct lin hp : Cc c trng v cng ca

mt ct thp
i vi cc ti trng thng xuyn tc trng ln cc mt ct lin hp; cc c trng

v cng ca mt ct lin hp di hn vi gi thit l mt ct btng lm vic
hon ton trn ton b nhp
AASHTO cu ng b
i vi ton b ti trng ngn hn tc dng ln cc mt ct lin hp : cc c trng

v cng ca mt ct lin hp ngn hn vi gi thit l mt ct btng lm
vic hon ton trn ton b nhp
6.10.3.5.
6.10.3.5 Cc tc dng ca gi ln cc cnh dm
6.10.3.5.1. Cc mt ct c
Mmen tnh ton ca cnh di do tc dng gi ngang c gi thit s do mt b rng bw
mi cnh ca cnh tnh theo cng thc:
b fb b fb
bw =
4M w
t fb Fyb
b fb
(6.10.3.5.1-1)
Trong :
bfb=Chiu rng bn cnh di (mm)
tfb= B dy cnh di (mm)
Fyb=cng chy do nh nht c quy nh ca cnh di(MPA)
Mw=mmen ngang ln nht cnh di do ti trng tnh ton (N-mm)
Cc ti trng thng ng trong t hp ti trng c nghin cu phi c gi thit s do
mt ct lin hp hu ch chu. Mt ct ny c xc nh bng cch b bt b rng b w
mi cnh mp ca bn cnh di. Phi cn c vo mt ct hu ch ny xc nh
mi sc khng cn thit.
6.10.3.5.2. Cc mt ct khng c
Cc ng sut cnh di ca cc mt ct khng c phi c t hp nh sau:
(Fu+ Fw) Fr
Vi Fw =
6M w
t fb b fb
(6.10.3.5.2-1)
(6.10.3.5.2-2)
Trong :
Fw=ng sut un ca cnh mp ca bn cnh di do tc dng ca lc gi tnh ton (MPa)
Fu= ng sut un cnh di do tc dng ca cc ti trng tnh ton khc ngoi tr ti
trng gi (MPa)
Fr=sc khng un tnh ton ca mi cnh c quy nh trong mc 6.10.4 (MPa)
Mw=mmen ngang ln nht cnh di do tc dng ca lc gi tnh ton(N-mm)
Khng yu cu phi tnh ton song songi vi bn cnh trn.
Nu sc khng un danh nh ca cnh trn c tnh ton theo cc quy nh iu
6.10.4.2.3 th phi s dng cc mt ct hu ch c quy nh iu 6.10.4.5.1 trong
cc tnh ton .
AASHTO cu ng b
6.10.3.6.
mt ct thu hp
trong cc cu kin un c th b qua cc l bt bu lng cng cao hoc cc l

m( h) c ng knh khng vt qu 32mm min l din tch b khuyt i mi
cnh khng vt qu 15% Din tch ca cnh . i vi mi din tch b khuyt cnh
vt qu 15% Din tch cnh, phi tr ra khi mt ct th.
Chiu rng l bu lng phi c quy nh theo iu 6.8.3
i vi vt liu mi ni, phi c c p dng cc quy nh ca cc iu 6.8.1v 6.13.5.
6.10.3.7.
ct thp ti thiu cc bn chu un m
Trong cc min chu un m ca bt k nhp lin tc no, tngdin tch mt ct

ngang ca ct thp dc phi khng nh hn 1% tng Din tch mt ct ngang ca
bn.
Ct thp dng tho mn yu cu ny phi c cng chy do nh nht c quy
nh khng nh hn 420MPa v c c khng ln hn N0 19.
Phi b tr ct thp cn thit lm hai lp phn b u trn sut b rng bn v hai
phn ba s lng phi c t lp trn. Cc thanh ct thp phi t cnh nhau khng
qu 150mmm trong mi hng.
C th dng cc b phn lin kt chng ct cc min chu un m ca cc mt ct
lin hp. Khi b chng cc lin kt chng ct min chu un m th thng thng tt
c cc ct dc phi c ko di vo n min chu un dng v vt ra ngoi cc lin
kt chng ct mt khong cacnhs khng nh hon chu di khai trinc quy nh
on 5.
6.10.4.
sc khng un theo trng thi gii hn cng
Sc khng un tnh ton i vi mmen v ng sut phi c ly nh sau:

Mr=f Mn
(6.10.4-1)
V
Fr=f Fn
(6.10.4-2)
Trong :
r=H s khng un c quy nh iu 6.5.4.2
Mm= sc khng un danh nh (N-mm)
Fn= sc khng un danh nh mi cnh (MPa)
Cc quy nh v s phn phi li mmen ca iu 6.10.4.4 khng c p dng cho cho
cc cu kin chu un nhp n.
i vi cc cu kin chu un c nhp lin tc, c th dng cc quy nh v n hi
iu 6.10.4 hoc cc quy nh khng n hi iu 6.10.10 nghin cuu trng
thi gii hn cng . i vi cc cu kin lin hp hoc khng lin hp vi mt ct I c
chiu cao khng i, c cc mt ct c c chng bn trong v c cng
chy do nh nht c quy nh khng vt qu 345MPa moi diu kin cho php
phn tch theo phng php khng n hi dc ch dn iu 6.10.10.
AASHTO cu ng b
6.10.4.1.
phn loi sc khng un
6.10.4.1.1. cng chy do nh nht quy nh

Nghin cu v sc khng un ca mt ct ch I tho mn cc gii hn v t l hnh hc
trong iu 6.10.2 v nghin cu v vt liu thp theo quy nh cng chy do nh
nht nh sau:
Khng vt qu 345MPa v c chiu cao mt ct khng i phi c thc hin

theo cc quy nh v mnh ca bn bng c mt ct c ca iu
6.10.4.1.4, hoc
Vt qu 345MPa v c chiu cao mt ct thay i phi c thc hin theo quy

nh v mnh ca cnh nn c mt ct khng c ca iu 6.10.4.1.4.
6.10.4.1.2. mnh ca bn bng c mt ct c

nu:
2 Dcp
tw
3,76
E
Fyc
(6.10.4.1.2-1)
Trong :
Dcp=Chiu cao ca bn bng chu nn ti lc mmen do (mmm)
Fyc=Cng chy do nh nht c quy nh ca bn cnh chu nn (MPa) th bn
bng c xem l c v:
i vi mt ct lin hp chu un dng sc khng un phi c xc nh theo cc

quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.2.2 v sc khng dng ca mt ct lin hp c
hoc
i vi kiu mt ct khc, vic nghin cu phi c tin hnh theo quy nh

ca iu 6.10.4.1.3 v mnh ca bn cnh chu ko c mt ct c.
Nu khc i th bn bng khng iu kin c th c coi l c v
Nu khng s dng cng thc Q theo cch tu la chn th:
i vi cc mt ct lin hp chu un dng, phi xc nh sc khng un ca

mi bn cnh theo cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.2.4 v sc khng un ca cnh
c mt ct khng c, hoc
i vi mp mt ct khc, phi tin hnh nghin cu theo cc quy nh ca

iu 6.10.4.1.5 v mnh ca bn cnh chu nn c mt ct khng c
hoc:
Nu s dng cng thc Q mt cch tu la chn th phi theo cc quy nh ca iu

6.10.4.1.5 v iu kin ca cng thc Q.
6.10.4.1.3. mnh ca bn cnh chu nn c mt ct c

nu:
AASHTO cu ng b

bf
2t f
0,382
E
Fyc
(6.10.4.1.3-1)
Trong :
bf=chiu rng bn cnh chu nn (mm)
tf= b dy bn cnh chu nn (mmm)
Vic tnh ton phi tun theo cc quy nh iu 6.10.4.1.6 v s tc ng qua li
gia mnh ca bng c mt ct c v bn cnh chu nn.
Nu khng nh vy th bn cnh chu nn khng c coi l c v:
Nu khng xt cng thc Q mt cch tu chn th phi nghin cu theo cc quy nh
ca iu 6.10.4.1.4 v mnh ca cch chu nn c mt ct khng c hoc :
Nu s dng cng thc Q theo cch tu chn th tnh ton phi theo cc quy nh ca
iu 6.10.4.1.5 v ddiu kin s dng cng thc Q theo cch tu chn.
6.10.4.1.4. mnh ca cch chu nn c mt ct khng c

Nu:
bf
2t f
1,38
2 Dc
tw
fc
Khng c sn tng cng dc (6.10.4.1.4-1)
Hoc:
bf
2t f
0,408
E
fc
C sn tng cng dc (6.10.4.1.4-2)
Trong :
bf =Chiu rng cu cnh chu nn (mm)
fc=ng sut trong cch chu nn do tc dng ca ti trng tnh ton ang c nghin
cu (MPa) th tnh ton phi tun theo cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.9 v vic
ging cnh chu nn c mt ct khng c.
Nu khng t th mt ct khng c chp nhn v phi chn mt ct mi.
6.10.4.1.5. iu kin s dng cng thc Q theo cch tu chn

nu mt ct ang xt chu un m v khng c sn tng cng dc th phi nghin
cu theo cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.8 v mnh ca bng theo cng thc Q
theo cch tu chn ca cnh chu nn.
Nu khng t th vic nghin cu phi tin hnh theo cc quy nh ca iu
6.10.4.1.4 v mnh ca cnh chu nn c mt ct khng c.
AASHTO cu ng b
6.10.4.1.6. Tc dng qua li gia mnh ca bng c mt ct c v

cnh chu nn
6.10.4.1.6a Tng qut
nu:
2 Dcp
3,76
E
Fyc
(6.10.4.1.6a-1)
0,382
E
Fyc
(6.10.4.1.6a-2)
tw
bf
2t f
th nghin cu phi tun theo quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.7 v vic ging cnh chu
nn c mt ct c.
Nu khng t th nghin cu phi tun theo phng trnh iu 6.10.4.1.6b v s tc
ng qua li gia bng c mt ct c v cnh chu nn.
6.10.4.1.6b Phng trnh tc ng qua li

Nu:
2 Dcp
tw
bf
+ 9,35
2t
f
6,25 E
Fyc
(6.10.4.1.6b-1)
Nghin cu phi tun theo quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.7 v ging cnh chu nn nu

khng t th:
Nu khng dng cng thc Q theo cch tu chn, vic nghin cu phi tip tc theo
quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.4 v mnh ca cnh chu nn c mt ct khng
c.
Nu p dng cng thc Q mt cch tu chn, th c th nghin cu theo quy nh ca
iu 6.10.4.1.5 v iu kin ca cng thc Q tu chn.
6.10.4.1.7. Ging cnh chu nn c mt ct c

Nu:
M
Lb 0,124 0,0759 l
M
r y E

F
yc
(6.10.4.1.7-1)
Trong :
Lb=Chiu di khng c ging (mmm)
ry=Bn knh qun tnh nh nht ca mt ct thp i vi trc thng ng (mm)
Ml=mmen nh hn do tc dng ca ti trng tnh ton mi u ca chiu di khng
c ging (N-mm)
Mp= mmen do (N-mm)
Fyc=cng chy do nh nht c quy nh ca cnh chu nn (MPa)
AASHTO cu ng b

Trong : (Ml/Mp) phi ly git m nu phn cu kin trong phm vi chiu di khng
c ging chng b un theo ng cong ngc li.
V:
Cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.6a hoc iu 6.10.4.1.6b v mnh ca

cnh chu nn c mt ct c c tho mn, cnh chu nn c coi nh
c th sc khng un phi c xc nh theo quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.2.1
v sc khng un ca mt ct c thng thng hoc :
Khi cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.6a hoc 6.10.4.1.6b v mnh ca cnh

chu nn c mt ct c khng c tho mn th sc khng un c th c
xc nh theo cc quy nh v sc khng un cu iu 6.10.4.2.3 da trn cng
thc Q theo cch tu chn.
Nu khng t th phi nghin cu theo quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.9 v vic ging

cnh chu nn c mt ct khng c.
6.10.4.1.8. mnh ca bng v cnh chu nn dng cng thc Q theo

cch tu chn
Nu:
2 Dcp
tw
bf
2t w
6,77
E
Fyc
(6.10.4.1.6b-1)
2,52
Fyc
2 Dcp
(6.10.4.1.8-2)
tw
Th c th nghin cu theo quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.7 v vic ging cnh chu

nn c mt ct c.
Nu khng t th phi nghin cu theo quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.4 v mnh
ca cnh chu nn c mt ct khng c.
6.10.4.1.9. Ging cnh chu nn c mt ct khng c

Nu:
Lb L p = 1,76rt
E
Fyc
(6.10.4.1.9-1)
Trong :
rt=Bn knh qun tnh i vi trc thng ng ca mt mt ct quy c bao gm cnh
chu nn ca mt ct thp cng thm vi 1/3 chiu cao ca bng chu nn (mm)
Fyc= cng chy do nh nht ca cnh chu nn c quy nh (MPa)
Phi xc nh sc khng un ca mi cnh theo cch xc nh sc khng un ca cnh
c mt ct khng c theo iu 6.10.4.2.4.
Nu khng th:
AASHTO cu ng b

i vi cc mt ct lin hp trong trng thi lm vic cui cng ca chng, vic nghin
cu phi c tin hnh theo quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.2.5 v xon v on ngang ca
mt ct khng lin hp.
6.10.4.2.
Xc nh sc khng un
Mi mt ct c d kin t ti Mp phi c ging theo phng ngang.
6.10.4.2.1. sc khng un ca cc mt ct thng thng

Phi ly sc khng un danh nh nh sau:
Mn=Mp-
(6.10.4.2.1-1)
Trong :
Mn=sc khng un danh nh (N-mmm)
6.10.4.2.2. sc khng un dng ca mt ct lin hp c

6.10.4.2.2a Tng qut
Nu mt ct ang nghin cu nm trong :
Mt nhp n, hoc
Mt nhp lin tc c mt ct c trong min chu un m c cc gi ta bn

trong, sc khng un danh nh ca mt ct lin hp c trong min chu
un dng phi c ly nh sau:
Nu Dp D th:
Mn=Mp (6.10.4.2.2a-1)
Mn=
Nu D< Dp 5D th:
5M p 0,85M y
4
0,85M y M p D p
D'
4
(6.10.4.2.2a-2)
Trong :
Dp=Khong cch t nh bn ti trc trung ho ti lc mmen do (mm)
D=Khong cch c quy nh trong iu 6.10.4.2.2b(mm)
My=Kh nng chu mmen chy do ban u ca mt ct lin hp ngn hn chu
mmen dng (N-mm)
Nu khng th sc khng un danh nh c th c xc nh bng mt trong cc phng php sau nhng khng c ly ln hn gi tr ca Mn c tnh ton te phng trnh 1
hoc phng trnh 2.
Phng php gn ng :
Mn=1, 3Rh..My
(6.10.4.2.2a-3)
Phng php chnh xc :

Mn=Rh.My+A[Mnp - Mcp]
AASHTO cu ng b
( 6.10.4.2.2a-4)

Trong :
6.10.4.2.2b Cc yu cu v tnh do
Mt cu b tng phi c bo v khng b vo do p b tng cn non tui v b ch
dc khi mt ct lin hp tin dn ti mmen do.iu quy nh y c th dng thay
cho cc phng php chnh xc hn tho mn cc yu cu trn.
i vi cc mt ct lin hp c chu un dng, nu mmen do tc dng ca ti trng
tnh ton gy ra ng sut cnh vt qu cng chy do ca mi cnh, i khi iu
chnh h s lai Rh th mt ct phi tho mn:
Dp
D'
(6.10.4.2.2b-1)
Trong :
D' =
d + ts + tn
7,5
(6.10.4.2.2b-2)
y:
=0, 9 i vi Fy=250 MPa
=0, 7 i vi Fy=345 MPa
Dp= Khong cch t nh bn ca mt ct lin hp ti trc trung ho ti lc mmen do
(mm)
d= Chiu cao ca mt ct thp
th= B dy cu nch b tng pha di ca bn cnh trn (mm)
ts= B dy ca bn b tng (mm)
6.10.4.2.3. Tnh sc khng un da trn cng thc Q theo cch tu chn

Sc khng un Mn c th c ly theo gi tr nh hn ca:
Mn=Mp hoc (6.10.4.2.3-1)
0,7
Mn= 1
M
M
y
Q Q fe
p
M p
Q 0,7
Trong :
i vi cc mt ct khng i xng :
AASHTO cu ng b
(6.10.4.2.3-2)

M p
3,13 hoc (6.10.4.2.3-3)
My
Qp = 5,75
i vi cc mt ct i xng :
Qp=3, 0
(6.10.4.2.3-3)
V
bf
Nu
Q fe =
0,382
2t f
E
Fyc
(6.10.4.2.3-5)
4,45
2 Dcp
(6.10.4.2.3-6)
tw
Nu khng th:
Qn =
4,45
bf
2t
f
2 Dcp
E
Fyc
(6.10.4.2.3-7)
tw
Trong :
MP=mmen do
Fyc= cng chy do nht c quy nh ca cnh chu nn (MPa)
My=mmen chy do c quy nh trong iu 6.10.3.1.2 (N-mm)
6.10.4.2.4. sc khng un ca cnh c mt ct khng c

sc khng un danh nh ca cnh, khi xt v ng sut phi c ly nh sau:
Fn=RbRhFyf
(6.10.4.2.4-1)
6.10.4.2.5. sc khng un ca cnh ca mt ct lin hp do chu on khi

xon ngang
6.10.4.2.5a Cc cnh chu nn
sc khng un danh nh ca cnh chu nn, xt v ng sut phi c xc nh
bng:
nu:
Lb Lr = 4,44rt
E
Fyc
L
Fn = C b Rb Fyc 1,33 0,187 b
Vt
AASHTO cu ng b
Fyc
Rb Rh E yc
E
(6.10.4.2.5a-1)

Nu khng th
9,86 E
Fn =C b Rb Rh
2
Lb
Rt
Rb Rh Fyc
(6.10.4.2.5a-2)
Trong :
i vi cc dm hng khng c ging chng hoc i vi cc cu kin m

mmen trong phm vi ln ca on dm khng c ging chng vt qua gi tr ln
trong hai gi tr ca cc mmen mt u ca on dm ta ly :
Cb= 1, 0; hoc
(6.10.4.2.5a-3)
i vi cc trng hp khc
P
P
C b = 1,75 105 l + 0,3 l 2,3
Ph
Ph
(6.10.4.2.5a-4)
Trong :
6.10.4.2.5b Cc cnh chu ko

sc khng un danh nh ca cnh chu ko khi xt v ng sut, phi c xc nh
nh di y:
Fn= RbRhFyt
(6.10.4.2.5b-1)
Trong :
Fyt=cng chy do nh nht c quy nh (MPa) ca cnh chu ko
6.10.4.2.6. sc khng un ca mt ct khng lin hp da trn b on do

xon ngang
6.10.42.6a Cc cnh chu nn
sc khng un danh nh phi c xc nh nh sau:
nu:
C sn tng cng dc hoc
2 Dc
e
tw
Fyc
I yc
M n = 3,14 EC b Rh
L
b
0,772 I
yc
Nu khng th:
AASHTO cu ng b
d
+ 9,87
L
Rh M y
(6.10.4.2.6a-1)

Nu:
Lb Lr = 4,44
I yc dE
(6.10.4.2.6a-2)
S xc Fyc
Lb L p
Rb Rh M y
M n = C b Rb Rh M y 1 0.5
L L
r
p
(6.10.4.2.6a-3)
Trong :
J =
b f t 3f
Dt w3
+
3
3
L p =1,76rt
(6.10.4.2.6a-4)
E
Fyc
(6.10.4.2.6a-5)

sc khng un danh nh ca cnh chu ko khi xt v ng sut, phi c xc nh
nh di y:
Fn= RbRhFyt
Trong :
Fyt=cng chy do nh nht c quy nh ca cnh chu ko(MPa)
6.10.4.3.
Cc h s gim ng sut cnh
6.10.4.3.1. H s lai Rh
6.10.4.3.1a Tng qut
i vi cc mt ct ng nht Rh phi c ly bng 1, 0.
i vi mt ct lai khi ng sut c hai cnh, di tc dng ca ti trng tnh ton,
khng vt qu cng chy do ca bng phi ly h s lai R h bng 1, 0.
i vi cc mt ct lai trong mt cnh t ti cng chy do di tc dng ca ti
trng tnh ton, phi dng mt trong hai iu 6.10.4.3.1b v 6.10.4.3.1c, hoc c hai
iu trn.
p dng h s gim cho cc mt ct c do xt n nh hng ca vt liu cng
thp hn bng trong tnh ton mmen do nh c quy nh iu 6.10.3.1.3.
6.10.4.3.1b un dng
i vi sc khng un ca mt ct lai lin hp chu un dng, phi ly h s gim do
lai (dng nhiu loi vt liu )nh sau:
(1 p ) 3 ( 3 + )
Rh = 1
6 + ( 3 )
AASHTO cu ng b
(6.10.4.3.1b-1)
6.10.4.3.1c un m
Trng hp trung ho ca cc mt ct lin hp lai c xc nh theo quy nh ca iu
6.10.3.1.4a, nm trong phm vi 10% ca chiu cao bng k t gia bng, h s lai
phi ly l:
Rh =
12 + ( 3 3 )
(6.10.4.3.1c-1)
12 + 2
Trong :
= Fyc /ffe
= 2Aw/Atf
Atf =i vi cc mt ct lin hp, tng din tch ca c hai cnh thp v ct thp dc
bao gm trong mt ct; i vi cc mt ct khmg lin hp, din tch ca c hai cnh
thp (mm2)
Fft =Tr s nh hn gia cng chy do nh nht c quy nh v ng sut do ti
trng tnh ton gy ra mi cnh (MPa)
i vi cc mt ct lai khc chu un m, h s lai phi c ly l:
Rh =
M yr
(6.10.4.3.1c-2)
My
Trong :
Myr=mmen chy do m s chy do bng c tnh n (N-mm)
My=Sc khng chy do, khi xt v mmen v b qua s chy do bng (N-mm)
6.10.4.3.2. H s xt n on cc b Rh
6.10.4.3.2a cc cch chu nn
nu c mt tng cng theo phng dc hoc
2 Dc
b
tw
E
fc
(6.10.4.3.2a-1)
nu khng th:
ar
Rb = 1
1200 + 300a r
2 Dc
t w
E
fc
(6.10.4.3.2a-2)
Vi:
ar =
2 Dc t w
Ac
(6.10.4.3.2a-3)
Trong :
b =5, 76 i vi cc cu kin chu c din tch cnh chu nn bng hoc ln hn
Din tch cnh chu ko
AASHTO cu ng b

b =4, 64 i vi cc cu kin chu c din tch cnh chu nn bng hoc nh hn
Din tch cnh chu ko
fc=ng sut trong cnh chu nn ang nghin cu do tc ng ca ti trng tnh ton
(MPa)
Ac=Din tch ca cnh chu nn (mm2)
i vi cnh chu ko Rh ly bng 1, 0
6.10.4.4 phn phi li mmen theo tch phn n hi
i vi cc cu kin chu un ca nhp thp lin tc chu un m, c cn hoc c
ch to t thp c cng chy do khng ln hn 345MPa v c cc mt ct lin hp
hoc khng lin hp chu un m tho mn cc yu cu ca cc iu 6.10.4.1.2 v
6.10.4.1.3;6.10.4.1.6a hoc 6.10.4.1.6b v 6.10.4.17 th mmen m trn cc tr do tc
dng ca ti trng tnh ton c xc nh bng phng php n hi, c th c gim
nhiu nht l 10%. Km theo s gim phi tng mmen trn ton b cc nhp k
bn, tng ng v mt tnh hc v ly tri du gim mmen m cc gi d lin
k.S phn phn phi li mmen khng c p dng cho mmen m dm hng.
ng thi, i vic cc mt ct c, s phn phi li c th c c lng bng cch p
dng cc phng php phi n hi c ch dn iu 6.10.10
5.10.5 Kim tra trng thi gii hn s dng v vng thng xuyn
6.10.5.1 tng qut
Phi p dng t hp ti trng s dng Bng 3.4.1-1
C th p dng cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.4 v phn tch n hi v phi n hi.
Vn s dng cch ny(tc l n hi v phi n hi) kim tra c trng thi gii hn c ng ln cc yu cu v vng thng xuyn.
6.10.5.2 phn tch li mmen theo phn tch n hi
i vi cc cu kin ph hp vi iu 6.10.4.4, khi nghin cu vng thng xuyn, c
th da trn tnh ton theo phn phi li mmen
ng sut cnh trong un m v un dng khng c vt qu :
i vi c hai cnh ca cu kin lin hp :
ff 0, 95 Rb Rh Fyf
(6.10.5.2-1)
i vi c hai cnh ca cu kin khng lin hp :

ff 0, 80 Rb Rh Fyf
(6.10.5.2-2)
Trong :
ff=ng sut cnh dm n hi do ti trng tnh ton gy ra (MPa)
Rb=H s xt n on cc b c quy nh iu 6.10.4.3.2
Rh=H s lai c quy nh iu 6.10.4.3.1
Fyf=Cng chy do nh nht ca cnh (MPa)
6.10.6 Cc yu cu v mi i vi bng
AASHTO cu ng b

6.10.6.1 tng qut
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu ny kim tra un ngoi mt phng ca bng
do un hoc ct di tc dng lp i lp li ca hot ti
6.10.6.2 ti trng mi
ng sut un do hot ti v ng sut ct do ti trng mi nh quy nh iu 3.6.1.4
phi ly bng hai ln cc gi tr c tnh theo t hp ti trng mi Bng 3.4.1-1
6.10.6.3 un
Cc bng khng c sn tng cng dc phi tho mn cc yu cu sau:
Nu:
2 Dc
E
5,70
tw
Fyw
fcf = Fyw
(6.10.6.3-1)
nu khng th:
f cf
t
32,5 E w
2 Dc
(6.10.6.3-2)
Trong :
fcf=ng sut un n hi ln nht khi chu nn do tc ng ca ti trng thng xuyn
tiu chun v ti trng mi theo quy nh iu 6.10.6.2 c ly bng ng sut un
ln nht bng (MPa)
Fyw=Cng chy do nh nht dc quy nh bng (MPa)
Dc=Chiu cao ca bng chu nn trong phm vi n hi (m)
6.10.6.4 Ct
Phi b tr cc bn bng ca cc mt ct ng nht c sn tng cng ngang v c
hoc khng c sn tng cng dc theo cu to tho mn :
Vcf=0, 58 CFyw
Trong :
Vcf=ng sut ct n hi ln nht bng do tc dng ca ti trng th ng xuyn tiu
chun v ca ti trng mi nh c quy nh iu 6.10.6.2 (MPa)
C=T s ng lc on do ct vi cng chy do do ct nh c quy nh iu
6.10.6.7.3.3a.
Fyw=Cng chy do nh nht ca bng theo quy nh (MPa)
6.10.7 Sc khng ct
6.10.6.7.1 tng qut
Sc khng ct ca dm hoc ca dm t hp Vr phi c ly l:
Vr=vVn
Vn=Sc khng ct danh nh c quy nh cc iu 6.10.7.2 v 6.10.7.3 ln lt i
vi cc bng khng c sn tng cng v c sn tng cng.
AASHTO cu ng b

v=H s ct c quy nh iu 6.5.4.2
Cc sn tng cng ngang trung gian gia phi c thit k theo quy nh cu iu
6.10.8.3. Phi nghin cu cc khoang bnh c tng cng ca mt ct ng nht v
chu ct di tc dng ca hot ti lp i lp li nh quy nh iu 6.10.4.4 v v s tc
ng qua li gia lc ct v mmen nh quy nh iu 6.10.7.3.3
Cc khoang bng cu dm ng nht v dm lai:
Khng c sn tng cng dc v c khong cch gia cc sn tng cng ngang khng qu
3D hoc
Khng c sn tng cng dc c khong cch gia cc sn tng cng ngang khng qu 1,
5 ln chiu cao ln nht ca khoang ph
Phi c xem nh l c tng cng v phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.7.3. V
nu khc i, panen phi c xem nh l khng c tng cng v phi c p dng cc
quy nh ca iu 6.10.7.2.
Cc quy nh di vi cc panen u phi theo quy nh trong iu 6.10.7.3.3c hoc
6.10.7.3.4.
Mmen xy ra ng thi ch phi xt nu xy ra tc ng ko hin trng c s
dng.
6.10.7.2 Sc khng danh nh ca cc bng khng c tng cng
Sc khng ct danh nh ca c bng khng c tng cng ca cc dm lai v ng
nht phi c ly nh sau:
D
Nu t 0,46 F
w
yw
E
th Vn=Vp =0, 58Fyw D tw
Nu 2,46 F < t 3,07 F ,

yw
w
yw
D
Nu t > 3,07 F
w
yw
th Vn=1, 48 t2w
th Vn=
(6.10.7.2-1)
EFyw
4,55t w3 E
D
(6.10.7.2-2)
(6.10.7.2-3)
Trong :
D=Chiu cao bng (mm)
tw=Chiu dy bng
6.10.7.3 Sc khng danh nh ca cc bng c tng cng
6.10.7.3.1 tng qut
Sc khng ct danh nh ca cc panen bng u v pha trong c tng cng
ngang hoc ngang v dc phi c quy nh trong cc iu 6.10.7.3.3 v 6.10.7.3.4
i vi cc mt ct ng nht v lai tng ng. Tng chiu cao bng D phi c s
dng trong xc nh sc khng ct danh nh ca cc panen bng vi cc thanh tng
cng dc. Cc thanh tng cng ngang phi c dt cch nhau bng s dng lc ct ln
nht trong panen.
Cc thanh tng cng phi tho mn cc yu cu quy nh trong iu 6.10.8.
6.10.7.3.2 yu cu mc cu
AASHTO cu ng b

i vi cc thanh panen bng khng c thanh tng cng dc, phi s dng cc thanh tng
cng ngang, nu
D
> 150
tw
(6.10.7.3.2-1)
Khong cch ca cc thanh tng cng ngang d 0 khng c vt qu :

260
d0
( D / lt w )
(6.10.7.3.2-2)
6.10.7.3.3 Cc mt ct ng nht
6.10.7.3.3a Cc panen pha trong ca cc mt ct c
Sc khng ct danh nh ca cc penen bng pha trong ca cc mt ct c
tun theo cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.7.1 phi c ly nh sau:
Nu Mu 0, 5 f Mp
th
Nu Mu > 0, 5 f Mp
Vn
0,87(1 C )
=V p C +
2
d
1 + 0
(6.10.7.3.3a-1)
0,87(1 C )
Vn = RV p C +
2
d
1 + 0
th
CV p
(6.10.7.3.3a-2)
Vi
Mr Mu
R= 0,6 + 0,4
M r 0,75 f M y
(6.10.7.3.3a-3)
Vp=0, 58Fyw D tw
(6.10.7.3.3a-4)
Trong :
T s C phi c xc nh di y:
D
Ek
Nu t 1,10 F
w
yw
Ek
th C= 1
Ek
Nu 1,10 F t 1,38 F
yw
w
yw
D
Ek
Nu t >1,38 F
w
yw
Vi
AASHTO cu ng b
(6.10.7.3.3a-5)
1,10
Ek
Fyw
th C= D
(6.10.7.3.3a-6)
tw
1,52
th C= D

tw
Ek
Fyw
(6.10.7.3.3a-7)

5
k=5+ d 0
(6.10.7.3.3a-8)
6.10.7.3.3b Cc panen pha trong cc mt ct khng c

Sc khng ct danh nh ca cc panen bng pha trong ca cc mt ct khng
c tun theo cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.7.1 phi ly nh sau:
Nu fu 0, 75f Fy, th
Nu fu> 0, 75f Fy, th
Vn
0,87(1 C )
=V p C +
2
d 0
1
+
Vn
0,87 (1 C )
= RV p C +
2
d 0
1
+
(6.10.7.3.3b-1)
CV p
(6.10.7.3.3b-2)
Vi:
Fr f u
R = 0,6 + 0,4
F 0,75 F
f
y
r
1,0
(6.10.7.3.3b-3)
Trong :
fu=ng sut ln nht trong cnh chu nn trong panen ang xem xt do ti trng tnh
ton(MPa)
C=T s ca ng sut on ct vi cng chy do ct theo quy nh trong iu
6.10.7.3.3a
Fr=Sc khng un tnh ton ca cnh chu nn, trong f u c xc nh trong iu
6.10.2.1 (MPa)
6.10.7.3.3c Cc panen u
Sc khng ct danh nh ca panen u phi c gii hn dn s on ct hoc lc
chy do ct v c ly nh sau:
Vn=CVp
(6.10.7.3.3c-1)
Vi
Vp=0, 58FywD tw
(6.10.7.3.3c-2)
Trong :
C= T s ca ng sut on ct vi cng chy do ct theo quy nh trong iu
6.10.7.3.3a
Vp=Lc ct do (N)
Khong cch ca thanh tng cng ngang i vi cc thanh panen u kng c thanh
tng cng dc khng c vt qu 1, 5D. Khong cch thanh tng cng ngang i vi cc
thanh tng cng u c thanh tng cng dc khng c vt qu 1, 5 ln chii cao ca
panen ph ln nht.
AASHTO cu ng b

Cc mt ct lai
Cc yu cu khong cch ca thanh tng cng ngang ca iu 6.10.7.3.3c khng p
dng cho mt ct lai.
Cng ct danh nh ca cc panen bng u v pha trong c gii hn n
on ct hoc lc chy do ct, c ly nh sau:
Vn=CVp
(6.10.7.3.4-1)
6.10.7.4 Cc neo chng ct

6.10.7.4.1 tng qut
Trong cc mt ct lin hp, phi lm cc neo ch U hoc neo inh chng ct mt
phn chia gia bn mt cu b tng v mt ct thp chu lc ct mt tip
xc.
cc cu kin lin hp nhp gin n phi lm cc neo chng ct sut chiu di nhp.
cc cu kin lin hp lin tc thng nn lm cc neo chng ct sut chiu di cu.
Trong cc vng un m phi lm cc neo chng ct ni m ct thp dc c xem nh
l mt phn ca mt ct lin hp. Mt khc, cc neo chng ct khng cn phi lm
trong cc vng un m, nhng phi t cc neo b xung trong vng ca cc im un
tnh ti theo quy nh trong iu 6.10.7.4.3
ni m cc neo chng ct c s dng trong cc vng un m, ct thp dc phi c
ko di vo vng un dng theo quy nh ca iu 6.10.1.2
6.10.7.4.1a Cc kiu neo
Cc neo ch U v neo inh chng ct phi c thit k theo quy nh ca iu ny.
Cc neo chng ct cn thuc mt kiu m kiu cho php m nn hon ho b
tng m bo ton b cc b mt ca chng c tip xc vi b tng. Cc neo phi
c kh nng chng li c hai chuyn v thng ng v nm ngang gia b tng v
thp.
T l ca chiu cao v ng knh ca neo inh chu ct khng c nh hn 4, 0.
Cc neo chng ch U chng ct phi c cc ng hn khng nh hn 5mm t dc
theo chn v gt ca thp ch U.
6.10.7.4.1b Bc neo
Bc ca cc neo chng ct phi c xc nh tho mn trng thi gii hn mi theo
quy nh trong iu 6.10.7.4.2 v 6.10.7.4.3 nh c th p dng c. S lng tnh c
ca cc neo chng ct khng c nh hn s lng yu cu tho mn trng thi gii hn
cng theo quy nh trong iu 6.10.7.4.4.
Bc ca cc neo chng ct khng c nh hn:
p=
nZ r l
Vsr Q
(6.10.7.4.1b-1)
Trong :
p=Bc ca cc neo chng ct dc theo trc dc (mm)
n=S lng cc neo chng ct trong mt mt ct ngang
AASHTO cu ng b

l=Mmen qun tnh ca mt ct lin hp thi hn ngn (mm 4)
Q=Mmen nht ca Din tch tnh i di vi ytc trung ho ca mt ct lin hp thi
hn ngn(mm3)
Zr=Sc bn mi chu ct ca mt neo chng ct ring l theo quy nh trong iu
6.10.7.4.2 (N)
Bc t tim n tim ca cc neo chng ct khng c vt qu 600mm v khng c vt qu
6 ln ng knh inh.
6.10.7.4.1c Khong cch ngang
Cc neo chng ct phi c t theo phng ngang, ngang qua bn cch trn ca tit
din thp v c th t cch khong theo cc c ly u hoc thay i.
Cc neo inh chng ct khng c t gn hn 4 ln ng knh t tim n tim theo
phng ngang n trc dc ca cu kin ta.
Khong cch tnh gia mp ca cch trn v mp ca neo chng ct gn nht khng
c nh hn 25 mm
6.10.7.4.1d Lp ph v chn su
Chiu cao tnh ca lp b tng ph trn cc nh ca cc neo chng ct khng c
nh hn 50 mmen. Cc neo chng ct cn c chn su t nht 50 mm vo trong
mt cu.
6.10.7.4.2 Sc khng mi ca cc neo chng ct trong cc mt ct lin hp
Sc khng mi ca neo chng ct ring l Z phi c ly nh sau:
Zr=ad2 38, 0d2
(6.10.7.4.2-1)
Vi
a=238 29, 5LogN (6.10.7.4.2-2)
Trong :
d=ng knh ca neo (mm)
N=S chu k quy nh trong iu 6.6.1.2.5
Bc neo phi c xc nh t phng trnh 6.10.7.4.1b-1, s dng tr s Z r v phm vi
lc ct Vsr
nh hng ca neo chng ct ln sc khng mi ca cch phi c nghin cu bng s
dng cc quy nh ca iu 6.6.1.2.
6.10.7.4.3 Cc yu cu c bit i vi cc im un tnh ti
ni m cc dm lin hp li khng lin hp i vi s un m, phi lm cc neo chu
ct b xung trong vng cc im un tnh ti.
S lng neo b xung nAC phi c ly nh sau:
n AC =
A f f sr
Zr
Trong :
AASHTO cu ng b
(6.10.7.4.3-1)

Af=Tng Din tch ct thp trong phm vi chiu rng cch c hiu (mm 2)
fsr=Phm vi ng sut trong ct thp dc quy nh trong iu 5.5.3.1 (MPa)
Zr=Sc khng mi chu ct ca mt neo chng ct ring l theo qqd trong iu
6.10.7.4.2 (N)
Cc neo chng ct b xung phi c dt trong phm vi khong cch bng mt phn ba
ca chiu rng bn c hiu v mi bn ca im un tnh ti. Cn t cc mi ni
hin trng sao cho chng khng gy tr ngi cho cc neo chng ct.
6.10.7.4.4 Trng thi gii hn cng
6.10.7.4.4a Tng qut
Sc khng tnh ton ca cc neo chng ct Q phi c ly nh sau:
Qr=sc Qn
(6.10.7.4.4a-1)
Trong :
Qn=Sc khng danh dnh theo quy nh trong iu 6.10.7.4-4c.
sc=H s sc khng di vi cc neo chng ct theo quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2.
S lng neo chng ct b tr gia mt ct mmen dng ln nht v mi im k
mmen 0, 0 hoc gia mi im k mmen 0, 0 v tim cua tr d pha trong khng
c nh hn:
n=
Vh
Qr
(6.10.7.4.4a-2)
Trong :
Vh=Lc ct nm ngang danh nh theo quy nh trong iu 6.10.7.4.4b
Qr=Sc khng ct tnh ton ca mt neo chng ct quy nh trong iu 6.10.7.4.4a
6.10.7.4.4b Lc ct nm ngang danh nh
Tng lc ct nm ngang danh nh V h gia im mmen dng ln nht v mi
im k ca mmen 0, 0 phi nh hn ca hoc :
Vh=0, 85fcb ts
(6.10.7.4.4b-1)
Hoc
Vh=FywD tw + Fytbttt + Fyc bc tc
(6.10.7.4.4b-2)
Trong :
fc=Cng nn 28 ngy quy nh ca b tng (MPa)
b=b rng c hiu ca bn (mm)
bc=chiu rng ca cch chu nn (mm)
bt=chiu rng ca cch chu ko (mm)
ts=Chiu dy ca bn (mm)
Fyw=Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca bng (MPa)
Fyt=Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca cnh chu ko (MPa)
AASHTO cu ng b

Fyc=Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca cnh chu nn (MPa)
D=Chiu cao ca bng (mm)
tt=Chiu dy ca cnh chu ko (mm)
tc=Chiu dy ca cnh chu nn (mm)
tw=Chiu dy ca bng (mm)
i svi cc mt ct lin hp nhp lin tc, tng lc ct nm ngang gia mi im k
ca mmen 0, 0 v tim ca gi pha trong phi c ly nh sau:
Vh=ArFyr
(6.10.7.4.4b-3)
Trong :
Ar=tng din tch ca ct thp dc pha trn tr pha trong, trong phm vi chiu
rng c hiu ca bn (mm2)
Fyr=Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca ct thp dc (MPa)
6.10.7.4.4c Sc khng ct danh nh
Sc khng ct danh nh ca mt neo inh chu ct c bc trong bn b tng phi
c ly nh sau:
Qn = 0,5 Asc
f c' E c Asc Fu
(6.10.7.4.4c-1)
Trong :
Asc=din tch mt ct ngang ca neo inh chu ct (mm 2)
fc'=Cng nn 28 ngy quy nh ca b tng (MPa)
Ec=Mun n hi ca b tng quy nh trong iu 5.4.2.4 (MPa)
Fu=Cng ko nh nht quy nh ca neo chu ct c quy nh trong iu 6.4.4
(MPa)
Sc khng ct danh nh ca mt neo ch U chu ct c chn su trong bn b tng
phi c ly nh sau:
Qn = 0,3(t f 0,5t w ) Lc
f c' E c
(6.10.7.4.4c-2)
Trong :
tf=Chiu dy cnh ca neo U chu ct (mm)
tw=Chiu dy bng ca neo U chu ct (mm)
Lc=Chiu di ca neo U chu ct (mm)
6.10.8 Sn tng cng ng cho bng dm
6.10.8.1 Sn tng cng ng trung gian
6.10.8.1.1 Tng qut
Cc sn tng cng ngang gm c cc tm hoc thp gc c hn hoc lin kt bng
bu lng vo hoc mt hoc c hai bn ca bng.
Cc sn tng cng khng s dng nh l cc tm ni phi lp va kht cht vo cnh
chu nn, nhng khng cn chu lc vi cnh chu ko.
AASHTO cu ng b

Cc sn tng cng c s dng nh cc tm ni cho cc bn ngn ngang hoc cc khung
ngang phi c lin kt vo c hai cnh bng hn ni hoc bt bu lng.
Khong cch gia u ca mi hn bng vo sn tng cng v mp gn ca ng hn
bng vo cnh phi khng nh hn 4tw hoc ln hn 6tw.
6.10.8.1.2 Chiu rng thit k
Chiu rng thit k bt ca mi cu kin ca sn tng cng thit k phi tho mn:
50 +
d
bt 0,48t p
30
E
Fys
(6.10.8.1.2-1)
V
16, 0tp bt 0, 25bf
(6.10.8.1.2-2)
Trong :
d=Chiu cao mt ct thp (mm)
tp=Chiu dy cu kin thit k (mm)
Fys=Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca sn tng cng (MPa)
bf=Ton b chiu rng cnh thp trong mt mt ct (mm)
6.10.8.1.3 Mmen qun tnh
Mmen qun tnh ca bt k sn tng cng ngang no phi tho mn:
3
Lt d 0 t w J
(6.10.8.1.3-1)
Vi
Dp
J = 2,5
d0
2,0 0,5
(6.10.8.1.3-2)
Trong :
lt=Mmen qun tnh ca sn tng cng ngang ly i vi mp tip xc vi bng i vi
cc sn tng cng n v i vi gia chiu dy ca bng i vi cc s n tng cng kp
(mm4)
tw=Chiu dy bng (mm)
d0=Khong cch ca sn tng cng ngang (mm)
Dp=Chiu cao bng i vi cc bng khng c cc sn tng cng dc hoc chiu cao
ln nht ca panen ph i vi cc bng c sn tng cng dc (mm)
Cc sn tng cng ngang s dng kt hp vi cc sn tng cng dc cng phi c tho
mn:
b D
lt t
bl 3,0d 0
l l
(6.10.8.1.3-3)
Trong :
bt
=Chiu rng thit k ca sn tng cng ngang (mm).
AASHTO cu ng b

bl
=Chiu rng thit k ca sn tng cng dc (mm).
ll =Mmen qun tnh ca sn tng cng dc ly i vi mp tip xc vi bng, c trn

mt ct c hiu theo quy nh trong iu 6.10.8.3.3 (mm 4).
D =Chiu cao bng (mm).
6.10.8.1.4 Din tch.
Cc sn tng cng ngang trung gian yu cu cgi cc lc do tc ng ko hin trng ca bungj theo quy nh trong iu 6.10.7.3 phi tho mn :
Trong :
Vt =Sc khng ct tnh ton theo quy nh trong iu 6.10.2.1 (N).
Vu =Lc ct do ti trng tnh ton trng thi gii hn cng (N).
As =Din tch sn tng cng; tng din tch ca c i sn tng cng
(mm2).
B
=1.0 cho cc i sn tng cng.
=1.8 cho cc sn tng cng bng thp tm.
=2.4 cho cc sn tng cng n bng thp tm.
C =T s ng sut on ct vi sng chy do ct theo quy nh

6.10.7.3.3a.
Fyw
=Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca bng (MPa).
Fs
=Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca sn tng cng (MPa)
trong iu
6.10.8.2 sn tng cng ng mt ct gi.

6.10.8.2.1 Tng qut
Cc phn lc gi v cc ti trng tp trung khc, hoc trng thi cui cng hoc trong
khi thi cng, phi do cc sn tng cng gi chu :
Cc sn tng cng gi phi c t ln cc bng ca cc dm thp cn ti tt c cc v
tr gi v cc im ca cc ti trng tp trung khc m :
Vu >0.75 b Vn
(6.10.8.2.1-1)
Trong :
b
=H s sc khng i vi gi quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2.
Vu
=Lc ct do cc ti trng tnh ton (N)
Vn
=Sc khng ct danh nh t iu 6.10.7 (N)
Cc sn tng cng gi phi c t ln cc bng ca cc dm bn ti tt c cc v tr

gi v ti tt c cc v tr chu cc ti trng tp trung.
Cc sn tng cng gi phi bao gm mt hoc nhiu thp bn hoc thp gc c lin
kt bng hn hoc bt bu lng vo c hai bn ca bng.Cc mi ni vo bng phi c
thit k truyn ton b lc gi do cc ti trng tnh ton.
AASHTO cu ng b

Cc sn tng cng phi ko di ra ton b chiu cao ca bng v thc t cng xt
cng tt, ti cc mp ngoi ca cc cnh.
Mi sn tng cng phi c hoc mi lp kht vo cnh thng qua n nhn c
phi lc hoc c gn vo cnh bng hn rnh ngu hon ton.
Chiu rng bt, ca mi cu kin sn tng cng thit k phi tho mn
Trong :
tp
Fys
=Chiu dy ca cu kin thit k (mm).
= Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca sn tng cng (MPa).
6.10.8.2.3 Sc khng ta
Sc khng ta tnh ton B, phi c ly nh sau :
Bt =bApmFys
(6.10.8.2.3-1)
Trong :
Fys =Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca sn tng cng (MPa).
Apm =Din tch ca cu kin thit k ca sn tng cng bn ngoi cc
ng hn bng vo cnh, nhng khng vt ra ngoi mp ca cnh (mm2).
b =H s sc khng ta c quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2
6.10.8.2.4 Sc khng dc trc ca cc sn tng cng ta.
6.10.8.2.4a Tng qut.
Sc khng tnh ton dc trc P r, phi c xc nh theo quy nh trong iu
6.9.2.1.Bn knh c tnh i vi gia chiu dy ca bng v chiu dy c hiu phi
bng 0.75D, trong D l chiu cao ca bng.
6.10.8.2.4b Mt ct c hiu.
i vi cc sn tng cng c bt bu lng vo bng, mt ct ct c hiu ch c bao
gm cc cu kin ca sn tng cng.
i vi cc sn tng cng c hn vo bng, mt ct ct c hiu phi bao gm tt c
cc cu kin ca sn tng cng, cng vi di nm trung tm ca bng ko di ra
khng qu 9tw sang mi bn ca cc cu kin thit k pha ngoi ca nhm, nu s
dng nhiu hn mt i sn tng cng.
Di ca bng khng c bao gm trong mt ct c hiu ti cc pha trong ca
cc b phn lai nhp lin tc, nu :
Fyw
Fyt
< 0,70
(6.10.8.2.4b-1)
Trong :
Fyw
=Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca bng (MPa)
AASHTO cu ng b

Fyf =S ln hn trong cc cng chy do nh nht quy nh
cnh (MPa)
ca cc
6.10.8.3 Cc sn tng cng dc

6.10.8.3.1 Tng qut
ni no yu cu, cc sn tng cng dc cn bao gm hoc tm c hn dc vo mt
bn ca bng, hoc thp gc bt bu lng, v phi c t mt khang cch 2Dc/5
t b mt trong ca cnh chu nn. D c l chiu cao ca bng chu nn mt ct vi
ng sut un nn ln nht.
Chiu rng thit k bt ca sn tng cng phi tho mn:
bt 0,48t s
E
F yc
(6.10.8.3.2-1)
Trong :
ts = Chiu dy ca sn tng cng (mm)
Fyc =Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca cnh chu nn lin k (MPa)
6.10.8.3.3 Mmen qun tnh
Cc dc trng mt ct ca sn tng cng phi c cn c trn din tch c hiu gm
c sn tng cng v di trung tm ca bng khng vt qu 18tw.
Cc sn tng cng dc phi tho mn :
d 0 2
I l Dt 2,4 0,13
D
3
w
(6.10.8.3.3.-1)
Fyc
r 0,234d
0
(6.10.8.3.3-2)
Trong :
Il=Mmen qun tnh ca sn tng cng dc v di bng di vi mp tip xc vi bng
(mm4)
r=Bn knh quay ca sn tng cng dc v di bng i vi mp tip xc vi bng (mm)
D=Chiu cao bng (mm)
d0=Khong cch sn tng cng ngang (mm)
tw=Chiu dybng (mm)
Fyc= Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca cnh chu nn lin k (MPa)
6.10.9 Cc tm ph (bn tp)
6.10.9.1 Tng qut
Chiu di ca tm ph bt k Lcpbng mm thm vo mt b phn phi tho mn:
l cp 2d s + 900
Trong :
AASHTO cu ng b
(6.10.9.1-1)

ds=Chiu cao ca mt ct thp (mm)
Cc tm ph c hn trn mt chiu di khng c s dng trn cc cnh dy hn 20mm
i vi cc cu c ng ti trng khng d, chu cc ti trng lp gy ra lc ko hoc
cc ng sut i du trong cnh.
Chiu dy ln nht ca tm ph n trn cnh khng c ln hn hai ln chiu dy ca
cnh m tm ph c lin kt vo. khng c dng tm ph gm nhiu lp.
Cc tm ph c th rng hn hoc hp hn cnh m chng c lin kt vo.
6.10.9.2 Cc yu cu ca u tm ph
6.10.9.2.1 Tng qut
u l thuyt ca tm ph phi c ly bng mt ct ch m mmen M u hoc ng
sut un Fu do cc ti trng tnh ton bng sc khng un tnh ton M r hoc Fr. Tm
ph phi c ko di xa qu u l thuyt cho :
Phm vi ng sut ca u thc t tho mn cc yu cu thch hp ca mi c quy
nh trng iu 6.6.1.2 v
Lc dc trong tm ph do cc ti trng tnh ton u l thuyt c th pht trin bng
cc mi hn hoc cc bu lng t giacc u l thuyt v thc t.
Chiu rng cc u ca cc tm ph vut thon khng c nh hn 75mm
6.10.9.2.2 Cc u hn
Cc mi hn lin kt tm ph vo cnh gia cc u l thuyt v thc t phi y
pht trin lc tnh ton trong tm ph u l thuyt.
ch no tm ph rng hn cnh, cc mi hn khng c bao quanh cc u ca tm
ph.
6.10.9.2.3 Cc du bt bu lng
Cc bu lng trong cc mi ni trt- ti hn ca tm ph vo cnh gia cc u l thuyt
v thc t phi y d pht trin lc do cc ti trng tnh ton trong tm ph u
l thuyt.
Sc khng trt ca mi ni u bt bu lng phi c xc nh theo ng vi iu
6.13.2.8. Cc ng hn dc lin kt tm ph vo cnh phi c lin tc v phi c dng
mt khong cch bng mt c ly bu lng trc hng th nht ca bu lng trong phn
u bt bu lng. ch m cc tm ph u bt bu lng c s dng, cc ti liu hp
ng phi c quy nh rng chng c lp rp theo trnh t sau y :
khoan cc l
nh co sch b mt
Lp cc bu lng
Hn cc tm
6.10.10 Cc phng php phn tch phi n hi
6.10.10.1 trng thi gii hn cng
6.10.10.1.1 Tng qut
AASHTO cu ng b

C th p dng phng php phi n hi cho cc cu kin mt ct ch I lin tc c chiu
cao khng i hoc hoc lin hp hoc khng lin hp, c cng chy do ti thiu
quy nh khng vt qu 345MPa v tho mn cc quy nh ca iu ny.
Phng php phn tch phi n hi trng thi gii hn cng phi tnh n :
S phn b li mmen do hnh thnh cc v tr khp do i vi phn cn li ca c
kin.
Cc dc trng xoay do mmen phi n hi ca cc mt ct yu cu phi chu c cc
gc xoay do v
Ti trng tc dng ring r v cc mt ct thp ca cc cu kin lin hp.
S phn tch c th da trn hoc c cu lm vic hoc cc phng php t ng sut
hp nht theo quy nh trong cc iu 6.10.10.1.2 v 6.10.1.3.
Cc mt ct yu cu chu ng dc cc gc xoay de b xung sau khi t c Mp phi
tho mn mnh bng, mnh cnh b nn, cc yu cu v ging cnh chu nn
v cc yu cu v sn tng cng mt ct gi quy nh trong iu ny.
Cc mt ct lin hp un dng khng c gi thit chu cc xoay phi n hi b xung
thm sau khi chng t c sc khng un tnh ton.
6.10.10.1.1a mnh bng
mnh bng ca cc mt ct yu cu chu cc chuyn v xoay do phi tho
mn:
2 Dcp
tw
3,76
E
Fyc
(6.10.10.1.1a-1)
Trong :
Fyc=Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca cnh chu nn (MPa)
Dcp=Chiu cao ca bng chu nn (mm)
tw=Chiu dy ca bng
6.10.10.1.1b mnh cnh chu nn
mnh cnh chu nn ca mt ct yu cu chu cc chuyn v xoay do phi tho
mn:
bl
E
0,382
2t l
Fyc
(6.10.10.1.1b-1)
Trong :
bl=Chiu rng ca ton b cnh (mm)
6.10.10.1.1c Quan h tng tc v mnh
trong trng hp c mnh bng v mnh cnh chu nn ca cc mt ct cn
thit phi chu c gc xoay do khng c vt qu 75% cc gi tr quy nh trong phng trnh 6.10.10.1.1a-1 v phng trnh 6.10.10.1.1b-1 th phi s dng quan h tng
tc v mnh sau :
AASHTO cu ng b

2 Dcp
tw
bf
+ 9,35
2t
f
6,25 E
Fyc
(6.10.10.1.1c-1)
6.10.10.1.1d Ging cnh chu nn

Cnh chu nn mi mt ct yu cu chu cc chuyn v xoay do phi c ging
chng chuyn v ngang. Phi b tr ging vi khong cch L bv mi pha ca mt
ct ny. Lb phi tho mn :
M
Lb = 0,124 0,0759 l
Mh
ry E

Fyc
(6.10.10.1.1d-1)
Trong :
Lb=Khong cch tng t dim ging u tin k lin mt ct yu cu chu cc
chuyn v xoay do (mm)
ry=Bn knh hi chuyn nh nht ca mt ct thp i vi trc thng ng trong
mt ct bng gia im ging u tin v mt ct yu cu chu cc chuyn v
xoay do (mm)
Ml=Mmen im ging u tin tnh theo ti trng tnh ton bng phng php phi
n hi (N/mm)
Mh=Mmen mt ct yu cu chu cc chuyn v xoay do tnh theo ti trng tnh
ton bng phng php phi n hi (N-mm)
Fyc=Cng chy do ti thiu quy nh ca cnh chu nn mt ct ti tnh r y
(MPa)
T l Ml/Mh phi ly du m phn cu kin nm gia cc im ging b un vi
cong ngc chiu.
6.10.10.1.1e Sn tng cng mt ct gi
Phi b tr sn tng cng mt ct gi, thit k theo quy nh ca iu 6.10.8.2
tng mt ct theo yu cu chu cc chuyn v xoay do.
6.10.10.1.2 Phng php c cu
6.10.10.1.2a Tng qut
Sc khng un tnh ton Mr phi c ly nh sau :
Mr = f Mn
(6.10.10.1.2a-1)
Trong :
f=H s sc khng i vi un quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2
Mn=Sc khng un danh nh quy nh trong iu 6.10.11.1.2b hoc 6.10.11.1.2c
(N-mm)
Sc khng ct tnh ton Vr phi c ly nh sau :
Vr = f Vn
Trong :
AASHTO cu ng b
(6.10.10.1.2a-2)

f=H s sc khng i vi un quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2
Vn=Sc khng ct danh nh quy nh trong iu 6.10.7
6.10.10.1.2b Sc khng un danh nh ca cc mt ct yu cu chu cc chuyn
v xoay do
Sc khng un danh nh ca cc mt ct yu cu chu cc chuyn v xoay do
phi c ly nh sau :
Mn=Mpe
(6.10.10.1.2b-1)
Trong :
Mn=Sc khng un danh nh khp do yu cu chu cc chuyn v xoay do (Nmm)
Mpe=Mmen do c hiu xc nh trong iu 6.10.10.1.2d (N-mm)
6.10.10.1.2c Sc khng un danh nh ca cc mt ct khng yu cu chu cc
chuyn v xoay do
Sc khng un danh nh ca cc mt ct khng yu cu chu cc chuyn v xoay
do phi c ly nh sau :
i vi cc mt ct tho mn yu cu ca iu 6.10.5.2 hoc 6.10.6.2 :
Mn=Mp
(6.10.10.1.2c-1)
Trong :
Mp=Mmen do quy nh trong cc iu 6.10.5.1.3 hoc 6.10.6.1.1(N-mm)
i vi cc mt ct khng c tha mn cc yu cu ca iu 6.10.5.3 hoc 6.10.6.3 :
Mn=Rb Rn My
(6.10.10.1.2c-2)
Trong :
My=Mmen chy do quy nh trong cc iu 6.10.5.1.2 hoc 6.10.6.1.1 (N-mm)
Rbv Rh=Cc h s gim ng sut cnh quy nh trong cc iu 6.10.5.4.1 v
6.10.5.4.2; i vi cc mt ct lin hp un dng th Rb phi c ly bng 1, 0
6.10.10.1.2d Mmen do c hiu
Mmen do c hiu phi l mmen hp thnh ca s phn b y ng sut do cn
c trn cc nguyn tc ca iu 6.10.5.1.3 v s dng cc cng chy do c hiu
sau y :
2
Fyce
2t f
= 0,0845 E
b
f
Fyc
Fyte
2t f
= 0,0845 E
b
f
Fyt
F ywe
t
= 1,32 E w
D
cp
(6.10.10.1.2d-1)
(6.10.10.1.2d-2)
F yw
Fyre=Fyt
AASHTO cu ng b
(6.10.10.1.2d-3)
(6.10.10.1.2d-4)

6.10.10.1.3 Phng php t ng sut hp nht
Phng php t ng sut hp nht c th c s dng nh t l cc cnh v cc
bng ca cc mt ct I trng thi gii hn cng thi4ts k theo cc phng php phi
n hi. Trong vic p dng cc phng php ny, cc eng cong xoay do tnh ton
phi c s dng c sc khng un tt c cc v tr m s chy do c gi nh
l xy ra. Mi ng cong xoay do tnh ton phi t c t ng cong xoay do danh
nh bng nhn cc tung vi h s sc khng v un dc quy nh trong iu
6.5.4.2.
i vi lc ct phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.7
6.10.10.1.4 Tc ng ca gi trn cc cnh dm
Nu cc cnh dm c thit k truyn cc ti trng gi theo cc quy nh ca iu
4.6.2.7 th phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.5.7.1.
6.10.10.2 Kim tra trng thi gii hn s dng ca vng thng xuyn
6.10.10.2.1 Tng qut
Khi nghin cu vng thng xuyn phi p dng t hp ti trng s dng II, c quy
nh trong bng 3.4.1.1
6.10.10.2.2 Cc mt ct un dng
Dng cho c hai cnh thp ca cc mt ct lin hp :
(ff + ffr) 0, 95 Rb Rh Fyf
(6.10.10.2.2-1)
Dng cho c hai cnh thp ca cc mt ct khng lin hp :

(6.10.10.2.2-2)
6.10.10.2.3 Cc mt ct un m
Khi mt trong hai iu kin di y xy ra :
nu (ff + ffr) > 0, 95 Rb Rh Fyf mt trong hai cnh ca mt ct lin hp c chng bn
trong hoc
nu (ff + ffr) > 0, 80 Rb Rh Fyf mt trong hai cnh ca mt ct khng lin hp c chng
bn trong.
Nu s phn b li mmen phi n hi phi c xc dnh theo iu 6.10.10.2.4 v phi
p dng cc gii hn sau :
cc v tr chuyn tip trong cnh cc mt ct lin hp :
(6.10.10.2.3-1)
cc v tr chuyn tip trong cnh cc mt ct khng lin hp :

(6.10.10.2.3-2)
Ti cc mt ct chu un mmen m ln nht mt im chng bn trong, cc ng

sut khng l thuc vo cc gii hn ny.
i vi cc mt ct chu un m phi p dng cc iu 6.10.10.1.1a, 6.10.10.1.1b,
6.10.10.10.1.1c v 6.10.10.1.1d cho cc yu cu v mnh bng, mnh cnh
chu nn v ging cnh chu nn.
AASHTO cu ng b

6.10.10.2.4 S phn b li phi n hi ca cc mmen
Nu iu 6.10.10.2.3 yu cu, cc ng sut phn b li do s chy do trong cc vng
un m ca cc b phn nhp lin tc phi c tnh bng phng php gii tch phi n
hi.
6.10.10.2.4a Cc phng php gii tch
Cho php dng cc phng php tuyn-dm v t ng sut hp nht. Trong phng php
t ng sut hp nht, cc ng cong xoay do khng c nhn vi h s sc khng trong
tnh ng sut phn b li.
6.10.10.2.4b Hot ti
Trong tnh ton cc ng sut phn b li, hai nhp k bn mi tr pha trong phi
c cht ti lin tip cho n khi cc mmen phn ph li dn ra hi t trong phm vi
cc gii hn chp nhn c.
6.10.10.2.4c Cc mt ct lin hp
Cc mmen phn phi li trong cc b phn lin hp phi c tnh bng s dng
cng ca mt ct lin hp thi hn ngn ti cc mt ct un dng.
Mdun mt ct s dng trong tnh cc ng sut phn phi li trong cc mt ct lin
hp trong un dng phi c cn c trn mt ct lin hp thi hn di.
6.10.2.4d Cc ng cong xoay do
nu ng cong xoay do khng sn c cho cc mt ct c trng ang dng th ng
cong xoay do miu t bi phng trnh 1 c th c s dng trong cc mt ct un m.
Khng c s dng cc ng cong vo cc xoay do ln hn 8, 0 MRADS.
Mu
= 0,70 + 0,06 R 1,0
M max
(6.10.10.2.4d-1)
Trong :
Mu=Mmen do cc ti trng tnh ton (N-mm)
Mmax=Sc khng un ln nht (N.mm)
R=Xoay do (MRADS)
Khi thiu thng tin tt hn, Mmax c th ly nh mmen do Mp quy nh trong iu
6.10.5.1.3 hoc 6.10.6.1.1.
6.11Cc mt ct hp chu un
6.11.1 Tng qut
Cc quy nh ca cc iu ny c th c p dng cho cc mt ct thp sn thng
nhiu hp hoc hp n lin hp vi mt cu b tng v chng i xng i vi trc
thng ng trong mt phng ca bng v tho mn cc gii hn quy nh trong cc
iu 6.10.1.1.1 v 6.11.1.2.1
Cc mt ct hp phi c thit k v:
Trng thi gii hn cng theo cc quy nh trong iu 6.11.2
Cc yu cu v mi i vi cc bng theo cc quy nh trong iu 6.10.6
AASHTO cu ng b

Tnh thi cng c theo cc quy nh trong iu 6.11.5
Cc trng thi gii hn khc quy nh trong iu 6.5
Kim tra trng thi gii hn s dng vng thng xuyn theo quy nh trong iu
6.11.7
Cc tm bng trn cc mt ct hp c th thng gc vi cnh di hoc nhging vi cnh
di. nghing ca tm bng khng c vt qu .
Cc ca cho cc l i t bn ngoi cn c c khp bn l vi cc kho.Tt c cc l m
trong cc mt ct hp cn c che chn khng cho cc th vt v chim vo. Cc l
thng kh cn c lm trong bng pha trong. Pha trong ca cc mt ct hp c
sn cn sn mu sng.
6.11.1.1 Cc mt ct nhiu hp
6.11.1.1.1 Tng qut
Cc quy nh ca iu 6.11 phi p dng vo thit k cc cu n gin v lin tc,
nhp ti 100.000 mm, c cc mt ct hp lin hp kiu hai hoc nhiu ngn trong
mt ct ngang, tun theo cc s hn ch hnh hc c quy nh ti y.
Khong cch tim n tim ca cc cnh ca hp lin k a ly gia nhp, phi hoc
khng ln hn 120% hoc khng nh hn 80%, khong cch tim n tim ca cc cnh
ca mi hp lin k, W, nh minh ha trong hnh 1.Thm vo yu cu gia nhp, ni
m cc mt ct hp khng song song c s dng, khong cch tim n tim ca cc
cnh lin k cc tr phi hoc khng ln hn 135% hoc khng nh hn 65% ca
khong cch tim n tim ca cc cnh ca mi hp lin k. Khong cch tim n tim
ca cc cnh ca mi hp ring l phi nh nhau.
Khi phn tch kt cu phi ly cng c cn c trn cc c trng mt ct lin hp
khng b nt.
a = 0.8 w to 1.2 w
Hnh 6.11.1.1.1-1 Khong cch tim n tim cnh

Phn nh hng ca bn mt cu bao gm c b v v lan can, khng c ln hn
hoc 60% ca khong cch trung bnh gia cc tim ca cc cnh thp trn ca cc
mt ct hp lin k, a, hoc 1800 mm.
Ph p dng cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.3.7, tr vic phi lm cc neo chu ct trong
cc vng un m ca mt ct hp. Phi p dng cc d ca iu 6.10.3.6.
6.11.1.1.2 S phn b hot ti
AASHTO cu ng b

i vi cc mt ct nhiu hp, mmen un do hot ti phi c xc nh theo cc quy
nh ca iu 4.6.2.2.2b.
6.11.1.2 Cc dm hp n
6.11.1.2.1 Tng qut
Cc tiu chun ny khng p dng cho mt ct hp n nhiu ngn.
Mt ct hp phi c nh vi v tr trung tm i vi mt ct ngang, v trng
tm ca tnh ti phi cng gn tm chu ct ca hp th cng c li.
Dnh ca hp c th hoc m hoc knvi bn thp.Cc mi hn cnh vo bng phi
tun theo cc quy nh ca iu 6.11.4
i vi cc ti trng tc dng khi bo dng b tng mt cu, tm trong cc vng mmen
dng phi c thit k theo cc quy nh i vi cc cnh chu nn quy ddnh trong
iu 6.11.2.1.3a.Lin kt chu ct gia tm nh v mt cu b tng phi c thit
k vi lc ct bmt tip xc t tt c cc ti trong c th t ln c.S on ca
tm ny trong, hoc trc khi t mt cu b tng phi c xem xt v c th dng
tng cng khi c yu cu.
i vi cc mt ct hp n, thp kt cu chu ko phi c xem xt s t gy ti
hn, tr khi s phn tch cho thy l mt ct c th chngd ton b tnh ti v
hot ti sau khi s t gy hon ton ca thp bt c im no.
6.11.1.2.2 Phn tch kt cu
S tng t dm xng sng ca iu 4.6.1.2.2 c th c s dng cho s phn tch cc
im hp on.C hai tc ng un v xon phi c xem xt.Hp c th khng c
xem xt v cng xon tr khi h lin kt tng cng ni b c y u e duy tr
mt ct ngang hp.V tr ngang ca cc gi phi c xem xt trong phn tch kt
cu.
Nu ngn cn y c s mo, hng s xon St.venant.J, cho php mt ct hp
c th c xc nh nh sau :
J =4
A02
b
t
(6.11.1.2.1-1)
Trong
A0
=Din tch bao quanh bi mt ct hp (mm2).
=Chiu rng ca cu kin tm hnh ch nht (mm).
=Chiu dy ca tm (mm).
6.11.1.2.3 Gi cu.
Cc gi cu cho cc mt ct hp n phi c t thnh cc i ticc b ni c
th.Cc gi kp c th c t hoc pha trong hoc ben ngoi ca cc bng
mt ct hp.nu cc gi n hp hn cnh di c s dng, th chng phi c trng
vi tim lc ct ca hp, v cc tr khc phi c y u cc gi bo m chng lt
AASHTO cu ng b

di bt k t hp ti trng no.Cc gi cu cn hng thng gc vi trc dc ca
dm.nu s dng cc gi neo xung th cc lc t phi c xem xt trong thit k.
6.11.2 Trng thi gii hn cng i vi cc mt ct hp.
6.11.2.1 un
6.11.2.1.1 Sc khng un tnh ton
Sc khng un tnh ton ca cc mt ct hp bng mmen v ng sut
phi ly nh sau :
Mt
=t Mn
(6.11.2.1.1-1)
Ft
=t Fn
(6.11.2.1.1-2)
Trong :
t
=H s sc khng v quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2
Mn =Sc khng danh nh quy nh trong i 6.11.2.1.2a (N-mm).

Fn =Sc khng un danh nh quy nh trong iu 6.11.2.1.1 hoc iu 6.11.2.1.3
(MPa)
6.11.2.1.2 Un dng
6.11.2.1.2a Sc khng un danh nh.
Sc khng un danh nh i vi cc mt ct nhiu hp phi c xc nh theo quy
nh trong iu 6.10.5.2.2a tu theo cc yu cu quy nh trong cc iu 6.10.4.1.2
v 6.10.4.2.2b.
Sc khng un danh nh i vi cnh trn ca cc mt ct hp n phi c xc nh
theo quy nh trong iu 6.10.4.2.4 tu theo cc yu cu quy nh trong iu
6.10.2.2.Sc khng un danh nh i vi cnh i ca cc cnh di ca cc mt ct
hp n phi c xc nh nh sau :
fv
F
yt
Fn =RbRhFyt 1 3
(6.11.2.1.2a-1)
Trong
Fyt
=Cng chy do nhr nht quy nh ca cnh (MPa)
Rb, Rn =Cc h s gim ng sut cnh quy nh trong iu 6.10.4.3

Fv
=ng sut xon S t.Venant ln nht trong bn cnh do cc ti
trng tnh ton (MPa) xc nh nh sau :
T
=Ni m men xon do cc ti trng tnh ton (N.mm)
A0
=Din tch bao quanh trong mt ct hp (mm2).
=chiu dy ca tm (mm).
AASHTO cu ng b

Cc ng sut ct v un trn hp n do cc tait rng tnh ton phi c tnh cng v
tr dc trong cc cnh hp.
Cc yu cu lin kt tng cng cnh chu nn quy nh trong iu 56.11.2.1.2b cng
phi p dng cho cc mt ct hp n v nhiu hp .
i vi cc nhp n, cc cnh di ca cc mt ct hp n v nhiu hp n phi c
xem xt y tc dng chu un nu chiu rng ca bn cnh khng vt qu 1/5
chiu dy nhp.nu chiu rng cnh vt qu 1/5 nhp, ch chiu rng =1/5 nhp c
xem nh c hiu theo chu un.i vi cc nhp lin tc yu cu ny phi c p dng
vo khong cch cc im un do tnh ti.
6.11.2.1.2b Lin kt tng cng cnh chu nn.
cnh chu nn ca cc mt ct hp n hoc nhiu hp trong chu un dng cn
tun theo cc yu cu lin kt tng cng khi nghin cu trng thi gii hn cng .S cn
lin kt tng cng tm thi hay vnh cu ca cnh chu nn duy tr v hnh hc
mt ct hp sut c cc giai on thi cng, bao gm vic lp t lin tip mt cu
b tng phi c xem xt theo iu 6.11.5.1.
6.11.2.1.3.Un m.
Cc quy nh ca iu ny p dng cho cc cnh chu nn c tng cng v khng c
tng cng va cc cnh chu ko.
6.11.2.3a Sc khng un danh nh.
i vi mt ct hp n v nhiu hp, sc khang un danh nh phi c xc nh
theo cc quy nh y.
i vi cc cnh chu nn vi cc sn tng cng dc, sc khng un danh nh phi c
ly nh sau :
nu
w
0.57
tf
kE
Fyc
nu 0.57
kE
w
kE
<
< 1.23
Fyc
tf
Fyc
th Fn =RbRhFyu cu (6.11.2.1.3a-1)
th
c
Fn =0.592RbRhFyc(1+0.687sin 2 )
kE
Nu t >1.23 F
f
yc
Vi
AASHTO cu ng b
th Fn =26.200 RbRhk
(6.11.2.1.3a-2)
tf

w
(6.11.2.1.3a-3)

C=
1.23
w
tf
Fyc
(6.11.2.1.3a-4)
kE
0.66
K= h s on quy nh nh sau :
* Nu n=1 th :
k= 8l53
wt f
3
4.0
* nu n=2, 3, 4 hoc 5, th
k= 14.33l s4
wt f n
(6.11.2.1.3a-5).
3
4.0
(6.11.2.1.3a-6)
trong :
Fyc
=Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca cnh chu nn

(MPa).
w =Tr s ln hn ca chiu rng ca cnh chu nn gia cc sn tng cng dc

hoc khong cch t bng n sn tng cng dc gn nht.
tf =Chiu di ca cnh chu nn (mm).
Rb, Rh =Cac h s gim ng sut cnh quy nh trong iu 6.10.4.3
N =S lng cc sn tng cng dc ca cnh chu nn c khong cch u nhau.
ls =m men qun tnh ca sn tng cng dc i vi trc song song vi cnh di v ly
y ca sn tng cng (mm4).
Cc sn tng cng dc phi tho mn cc yu cu quy nh trong iu 6.11.3.2.1.
Di vi cc cnh chu nn khng c sn tng cng dc, sc khng un danh nh phi
c ly bng sc khang un danh nh i vi cnh chu nn vi cc sn tng cng dc
vi chiu rng cnh chu nn cnh chu nn gia bng b thay th cho w, v h s
on k ly bng 4.
i vi cc cnh chu ko, sc khng un danh nh phi c ly nh sau :
trong :
Fyt =Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca cnh chu ko
(MPa).
6.11.2.1.3b mnh ca bng
Phi p dng cc quy nh 6.10.2.2
Lc ct
Tng qut
AASHTO cu ng b

Sc khng ct tnh ton ca cc dm hp Vr phi c ly nh sau :
Vr =v Vn
Trong :
v
=H s sc khng v ct quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2.
Vn =Sc khng ct danh nh cho mt bng quy nh trong iu 6.10.7,

tr nh sa i y (N).
i vi trng hp cc bng nghing, D trong iu 6.10.7 phi c ly nh chiu cao ca
bn bng o dc theo nghing.Mi bng phi c thit k v lc ct V uy do cc ti
trng tnh ton c ly nh sau :
Vul=
Vu
cos
(6.11.2.2.1-2)
trong :
Vuy
=Lc ct do cc ti trong tnh ton trn mt bng nghing (N)
=Gc nghing ca bn bng so vi ng thng ng ()

i vi cc hp n th c th cng gi tr tuyt i ca cc lc ct do xon v un ln
nht, hoc dng lc ct cc tr gy ra do xon v un xy ra ng thi.
6.11.2.2.2 Cc neo chu ct
Cc neo chu ct i vi mt ct hp thng phi c thit k theo cc quy nh
trong iu 6.10.7.4.Phi lm cc neo chu ct trong cc vng un m.
i vi mt ct hp n, cc neo chu ct phi c thit k vi lc ct gy ra bi un
v xon.Ton khi lng b tng mt cu phi c xem l c hiu trong tnh lc
ct.Tng lc ct thit k c th c xc nh hoc nh vc t tng ca cc lc ct
hoc tng cc tr s tuyt i ca chng.
6.11.3Cc sn tng cng.
6.11.3.1 Sn tng cng bng
Tt c cc sn tng cng ngang bng trung gian cho cc mt ct hp n v nhiu
hp phi c thit k theo quy nh ca iu 6.10.8.1
Cc sn tng cng dc bng cho cc mt ct hp phi c thit k theo cc quy nh
ca iu 6.10.8.3.
Tt c cc sn tng cng gi cho cc mt ct hp n v nhiu hp phi c thit k
theo cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.8.2.
6.11.3.2 Sn tng cng cnh chu nn
6.11.3.2.1 Sn tng cng dc
Cc sn tng cng dc cnh chu nn cho mt ct hp n hay
AASHTO cu ng b

nhiu hp phi c cch qung u ngang qua chiu rng cnh chu nn.
Chiu rng thit k bl ca sn tng cng phi tho mn :
bl 0.48t p
E
Fyc
(6.11.3.2.1-1)
Trong :
tb
=Chiu dy ca sn tng cng (mm)
Fyc
=Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca cnh chu nn (

(MPa)
M men qun tnh Il ca mi sn tng cng so vi trc song song vi cnh v ly y

ca sn tng cng phi tho mn :
ll wt f
(6.11.3.2.1-2)
Trong :
=0.125k3 khi n =1
=0.07 k3n4 khi n=2.3.4 hoc 5
n =S lng cc sn tng cng dc cnh chu nn cch qung
u nhau
w =Phn rng hn chiu rng ca cnh chu nn gia cc sn tng cng dc hoc
khong cch t bng n sn tng cng dc gn nht (mm)
t =Chiu dy cnh chu nn (mm)
k =H s on quy nh trong iu 6.11.2.1.3a
6.11.3.2.2 Sn tng cng ngang
Nu c s dng cc sn tng cng ngang trn cc cnh sn cn c kch thc bng vi
kch thcs ca sn tng cng dc.Chiu rng thit k ca sn tng cng phi tho mn
cc yu cu quy nh trong iu 6.11.3.2.1
6.11.4 Lin kt cnh vo bng
Tr quy nh im ny tng chiu ch hiu ca cc ng hn cnh v bng phi
khng c nh hn chiu dy ca bng. ch no trong mt nhp lm hai vch ngn
ngang trung gian hoc nhiu hn, th kch thc ng hn phi khng nh hn kch
thc ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu 6.13.3.4.nu cc ng hn p c s dng,
chng phi c t ln c hai bn cnh lin kt hoc bn bng.
6.11.5 Kh nng thi cng
6.11.5.1 Tng qut
Cc b phn mt ct hp phi c nghin cu v cng v n nh trong khi thi
cng, bao gm vic lp t mt cu tip theo.
AASHTO cu ng b

Hnh hc ca mt ct hp ring l phi c duy tr sut c cc giai on thi cng.bao
gm vic lp t mt cu b tng.S cn thit cc vch ngn ngang trung gian
pha trong tm thi hoc vnh cu hoc cc khung ngang, cc vch ngn ngang bn
ngoi hoc cc khung ngang h lin kt tng cng nm ngoi trn, hoc cc phng
tin khc phi c nghin cu m bo rng cc bin dng ca mt ct hp u
ddc kim tra mt cch thch hp trong khi ch to lo rp v t mt cu.
Trc khi bo dng mt cu b tng, cc cnh trn ca cc mt ct hp kiu mng phic xem l ch c rng lin kt ti cc im m cc khung ngang hoc h lin kt tng
cng ngang trn c gn vo.
Cc lc t cc lin kt ca dng mt cu hng ti cnh trn hoc bng cn c xem xt.
6.11.5.2 mnh ca bng
mnh ca bng ca cc mt ct bng phi tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 6.10.3.2.2
khi nghin c mt ct thp cho trnh t lp t mt cu.
6.11.5.3 mnh ca cnh chu nn
ti cc mt ct un dng, mnh ca cnh chu nn ca cc mt ct hp n v
nhiu hp phi tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 6.10.4.1.4 khi nghin cu mt ct thp
cho trnh t lp t mt cu.
6.11.5.4 Lc ct
Lc ct Vuy do cc ti trng tnh ton c xem xt trnh t lp t mt cu khng c
vt qu sc khng ct tnh ton Vr ly nh sau :
Vr =vVn
(6.11.5.4-1)
Trong :
Vn
=Sc khng ct danh nh quy nh trong iu 6.10.3.2.3
=H s sc khng i vi ct quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2.
6.11.6 Cc tc ng ca gi ln cc b phn bn ngoi

Mt ct gi nh chu ti trng gi nm ngang tnh ton phi bao gm cnh di tc
ng nh bng v 12 ln chiu dy ca bng tc ng nh cnh.
6.11.7 Kim tra trng thi gii hn s dng v cc vng thng xuyn
Phi p dng t hp ti trng s dng trong bng 3.4.1-1 cng vi ghi ch 6
cc vng un dng ca cc mt ct nhiu hp cc ng sut canh khng c vt qu :
ff0.95 RbRhFyf
(6.11.7-1)
trong :
Rb, Rh =h s gim ng sut cnh quy nh trong iu 6.10.5.4
ff
=ng sut cnh n hi gy ra ti trong tnh ton (MPa)
Fyf
=Cng chy do ca cnh (MPa)
AASHTO cu ng b

6.12 Cc cu kin chu un khc
6.12.1 Tng qut
6.12.1.1 Phm vi
Phi p dng cc quy nh cho :
Cc cu kin hnh ch H khng lin hp chu un theo c hai trc trong mt ct
ngang.
Cu kin hnh hp khng lin hp.
Cc ng trn khng lin hp.
Cc thp ch U, thp gc, thp ch T v cc thanh thp.
Cc thp hnh cn bc b tng.
Cc ng lin hp.
6.12.1.2 Trng thi gii hn cng .
6.12.1.2.1 Un
Sc khng un tnh ton Mr phi c ly nh sau :
Mn =fMn
(6.12.1.2.1-1)
Trong :
Mn
=Sc khng un danh nh quy nh trong cc iu 6.12.2.2

v 6.12.2.2.3 cho cc cu kin khng lin hp v lin hp
tng ng(N.mm).
=H s sc khng i vi un quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2.
6.12.1.2.2 Ti trng trc v un t hp

Phi apd dng cc phng trnh tng rc quy nh trong iu 6.8.2.3 cho ko dc trc
v un t hp, hoc cc phng trnh tng tc quy nh trong iu 6.9.2.2 cho nn dc
trc v un t hp.
6.12.1.2.3 Lc ct
Sc khng ct tnh ton Vr phi c ly nh sau :
Vr =vVn
(6.12.1.2.3-1)
Trong :
Vn
=Sc khng ct danh nh quy nh trong cc iu 6.10.7.2
v 6.12.3 cho cc bng ca cc b phn khng lin hp v cc

cc b phn lin hp tng ng (N)
v
=H s sc khng i vi ct quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2
6.12.2 Sc khng un danh nh.

AASHTO cu ng b

6.12.2.1 Tng qut
Cc quy nh v on xon nm ngang khng cn c p dng lin hp, cc cu kin
hnh hp khng lin hp, cc cu kin hnh ch H chu un theo trc song song vi
bng v cc ng trn.
6.12.2.2 Cc cu kin khng lin hp.
6.12.2.2.1 Cc cu kin hnh ch H
Cc quy nh ca iu ny p dng cho cc cu hnh nh H v cc cu kin gm hai
cnh hnh ch U lin kt bng bn bng.
Cc quy ng ca iu 6.10.4 phi p dng cho un theo thng gc vi bng.
Sc khng un danh nh i vi un theo trc song song vi bng phi c ly nh sau :
Mn =Mp
(6.12.2.2.1-1)
Trong :
Mp =M men do theo trc trng tm song song vi bng (N-mm)
6.12.2.2.2 Cc cu kin hnh hp sc khng un danh nh phi c ly nh sau
0.064 F y Sl
Mn=FyS 1
AE
ly
0.5
(6.12.2.2.2-1)
trong :
S
=Mun mt ct theo trc un (mm3).
=Din tch bao quanh bn trong cc ng tim ca cc tm

bao gm hp(mm2).
=Chiu di khng c lin kt tng cng (mm).
ly
=Mmen qun tnh theo trc thng gc vi trc un (mm 4).
=Khong cch tnh gia cc tm (mm).
=Chiu dy ca cc tm (mm).
6.12.2.2.3 Cc ng trn.
Sc khng un danh nh ca cc ng trn khng lin hp phi c ly nh sau
D
Nu t < 2 F
y
AASHTO cu ng b
th Mn=Mp
(6.12.2.2.3-1)

E
D
E
<
8.8
Fy
t
Fy
Nu 2
th
Mn=My (6.12.2.2.3-1)
Trong :
D
=ng knh ngoi (mm).
=Chiu dy vch (mm).
6.12.2.2.4 Thp ch U, thp gc, thp T v thanh thp.

6.12.2.2.4a Cc thp ch U b kim ch chng li xon.
i vi cc thp ch U b kim ch chng xon cc im ti trng v tr phi p
dng cc quy nh ca cc iu 6.10.4.
i vi cc thp gc, Thp T, thp thanh v thp U khng bao gm trong iu
6.12.2.2.4a, sc khng un danh nh phi l tr s nh nht nh gii hn bi :
Gii hn chy.
on xon nm ngang.
on cc b cc cu kin.
6.12.2.3 cc cu kin lin hp
6.12.2.3.1 cc thp hnh c bc b tng
i vi cc thp hnh c bc b tng tho mn cc quy nh ca iu 6.9.5.2.3 Sc
khng danh nh cu cc thp hnh c bc b tng chu un khng c iu 6.9.5.2.3
sc khng un danh nh ca cc thp hnh c bc b tng chu un khng c nn,
phi c ly theo tr s hn ca :
Mn=Mpst hoc
(6.12.2.3.1-1).
Mn =Myu cu
(6.12.2.3.1-2).
i vi mc ch ca iu 6.9.2.2 sc khng danh nh ca cc thp hnh bc b tng

chu nn v un phi ly nh sau :
nu
Aw Fy
Pu
(d 2c) Ar Fyr d
A F
0.3 th Mn =ZFy+
+
' w y
c Pn
3
2 1 .7 f c b
nu 0.0 <
(6.12.2.3.1-3)
Pu
< 0.3 th
c Pn
Mn phi c xc nh bng suy bng suy tuyn tnh gia tr s M n cho bi phng trnh
1 v 2 Pu =0 v tr s Mn cho bi Phng trnh 3 (Pu/cPn ) 0.3
Trong :
AASHTO cu ng b

Pu
=Lc nn dc trc do ti trng tnh ton (N).
Pn
=Sc khng nn danh nh quy nh trong iu 6.9.5.1 (N).
=H s sc khng i vi nn dc trc quy nh trong iu

6.5.4.2.
Mps
= Mmen do ca mt ct thp (N.mm).
Myc
=Mmen chy do ca mt ct lin hp xc nh theo quy
nh trong iu 6.10.5.1.2 (N.mm).

Z
=Mun mt ct de ca mt ct thp theo trc un (mm3).
Aw
=Din tch bng ca mt ct thp (mm2).
fc
=Cng nn nh nht 28 ngy quy nh ca b tng (MPa)
Ar
=Din tch ct thp dc(mm2).
c
= Khong cch t tim ca ct thp dc n b mt gn nht c
ca b phn trong mt hng un (mm).
d
=Chiu cao ca b phn trong mt phng un (mm).
b
=Chiu rng ca b phn thng gc vi mt phng un (mm)
Fyr = Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca ct thp dc
(MPa).
6.12.2.3.2 Cc ng c chn y b tng trong lng
Sc khng un danh nh ca cc ng nhn y b tng trong lng m tho mn cc hn
ch trong iu 6.9.5.21 c th c ly nh sau :
D
Nu t < 2.0 F , th Mn=Mps

y
Nu 2.0
(6.12.2.3.2-1)
E
D
E
<
8.8
, th Mn =Myc
Fy
t
Fy
(6.12.2.3.2-2)
6.12.3 Sc khng ct danh nh ca cc cu kin lin hp

6.12.3.1 cc thp hnh hc c bc b tng
Sc khng ct danh nh c th ly nh sau :
Vn =0.58FywDtw+
Fyf Av ( d c )
S
(6.12.3.1-1)
Trong :
Fyw = Cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca bng thp hnh (MPa).
Fyr =Cng chy do nh nht ca ct thp ngang (MPa).
AASHTO cu ng b

D
= Chiu cao bng hoc cc bng ca thp hnh (mm).
tw
= Chiu dy mt ct ngang ca cc thanh ct thp ngang nhn vt

nt ct theo ng ct cho (mm2).
=Khong cch dc ca ct thp ngang (mm).
=Chiu cao ca cu kin trong mt phng ct (mm).
=Khong cch t tim ca ct thp dc n b mt gn nht ca cu

kin trong mt phng un (mm).
6.12.3.2 cc ng c chn y b tng trong lng

6.12.3.2.1 Cc ng hnh ch nht
Vn = 1.16 D twFy
Trong :
D
=Chiu cao bng ca ng (mm).
tw
=Chiu dy ca ng (mm).
6.12.3.2.2 Cc ng trn
Vt =Cng ct danh nh ca mt mnh ng thp (N).
6.13 cc lin kt v mi ni
6.13.1Tng qut
Cc lin kt v cc mi ni ca cc cu kin chnh phi c thit k trng thi gii hn
cng khng nh thua tr s ln hn ca :
Tr s trung bnh ca mmen un lc ct hoc lc dc trc do cc ti trng tnh ton
ti im mi ni hoc lin kt v sc khng un, ct hoc dc trc tnh ton ca
cu kin cng im.
75 ca sc khng un, ct hoc dc trc tnh ton ca cu kin.
Cc lin kt u ca cc vch ngn, cc khung ngang, h lin kt tng cng nm ngang
hoc cc dm sn cho cc b phn thng chu un phi c thit k theo cc ti
trng tnh ton ca b phn.
Ti chng mc thc hin c, cc lin kt cn c lm i xng theo trc ca cc b
phn.Cc lin kt, tr cc thanh bng gin v cc lan can tay vn, phi gm c khng t
hn hai bu lng hoc ng hn tng ng.Cc b phn gm c h lin kt tng cng
cn c lin kt cc trc trng tm ca chng s giao nhau mt im .Cn trnh
cc lin kt lch tm, ch no cc lin kt lch tm khng th trnh c, th cc b
phn v cc lin kt phi cn xng i vi cc tac ng t hp ca lc ct v memn
do s lch tm.
Trong trng hp cc lin kt truyn thng tng lc ct ca u b phn, th mt ct
nguyn phi c ly nh mt ct nguyn ca cc cu kin c lin kt.
AASHTO cu ng b

Chiu dy ca cc thp gc lin kt u ca cc dm sn v cc dm khng c nh
hn 10 mm.Cc lin kt u i vi cc dm sn v cc dm cn c lm vi hai thp
gc.Gi v cc thp gc gi c s dng lm tr chng trong khi lp rp khng c xt n trong vic xc nh s lng cc lin kt yu cu truyn lc ct ca
u.
Cc lin kt u ca cc dm, dc v cc dm sn cn c bt bu lng vi cc bu
lng cng cao.Cho php dng cc lin kt hn khi bt bu lng khng c thc hin
c. ch no s dng hn, th cc lin kt u hn phi c thit k chu cc ti
trng thng ng v mmen un gy ra do s kim ch chng li s quay ca u.
6.13.2 cc lin kt bu lng
6.13.2.1 tng qut
Cc chi tit bng thp bt bu lng c th c sn lt hoc khng sn lt phi lp rp
chc chn vi nhau sau khi cc bu lng c xit cht.Cc ti liu hp ng phi quy
nh rng tt c cc lp b mt ni ghp k c cc b mt k vi u bu lng v ai
c, phi c quy nh l khng c lp g, v khng c vt bn hoc cc vt liu l
khc.
Cc mi ghp bt bu lng cng cao phi c ch r hoc lin kt trt ti hn hoc
lin kt p ta.Di vi cc lin kt trt ti hn, tr s ma st phi ph hp vi iu kin quy
nh ca cc b mt c to nhm theo quy nh trong iu 6.12.2.8.Tt c vt liu
trong khong m ca bu lng phi bng thp.
6.13.2.1.1 Cc lin kt trt ti hn
Cc mi ni ghp chu s i du ca ng sut, cc ti trng va chm nng s chn
ng d di hoc ch m ng sut v ng sut v ng bin do s trt mi ghp c
hi n kh nng s dng c ca kt cu, th phi c ch r l lin kt trt ti hn.Cc
mi ghp bao gm :
Cc mi ghp chu ti trng mi.
Cc mi ghp trong chu ct vi cc bu lng lp vo cc l to qu c.
Cc mi ghp trong chu ct vi cc bu lng lp vo cc l ngn v di m trn mi
ghp mt phng khc vi ng thng gc vi trc ca rnh, tr ni m k s c nh
khc v ch ra nh vy trong cc ti liu hp ng.
Cc mi ghp chu s i du ca ti trng ng k.
Cc mi ghp trong cc mi hn v cc bu lng cng tham gia trong truyn ti trng
b mt c ta nhm chung.
Cc mi ni trong ko dc trc hoc ko dc trc v ct hp.
Cc mi ni ch trong nn dc trc, vi cc l tiu chun hoc cc l c kha rnh ch
trong mt lp ca lin kt vi phng ca ti trng thng gc vi phng ca rnh, tr i vi
cc lin kt quy nh trong iu 6.13.6.1.3.
Cc mi ghp trong , theo kin ca k s mi s trt u s ti hn theo s lm vic
ca mi ghp hoc kt cu v nh vy cc mi thp c ch r trong cc ti liu
hp ng.
Cc lin kt trt ti hn phi cn xng phng trt di t hp ti trng s dng II,
theo quy nh trong Bng 3.4.1.1 v cho sc khng p ta, ct v ko cc t
AASHTO cu ng b

hp ti trng trng thi gii hn cng c th p dng c.Phi p dng cc quy nh
ca iu 6.13.2.2.
s cho cc bu lng chu ct.
t cho cc bu lng chu ko.
b cho cc bu lng p ta ln vt liu.
y hoc u cho vt liu lin kt thch hp vi chu ko.
v cho vt liu lin kt chu ct.
6.13.2.3 bu lng, ai c v vng m
6.12.2.3.1 Bu lng v ai c
phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 6.4.3.
6.13.2.3.2 Vng m.
Vng m s dng trong cc lin kt bu lng phi tho mn cc yu cu uy nh trong
iu 6.4.3.Yu cu vng m ti cng cho lin kt bu lng cng cao ni m :
Mt ngoi ca cc phn c bt bu lng c dc ln hn 1:20, i vi mt phng
trc giao vi trc bu lng.
Thc hin xit cht bng phng php dng c l kim chun, trong bt c trng hip
no phi s dng vng m di cu kin c xit cht.
Cc bu lng AASHTO m253m (ASTM A490M )c bt trong vt liu c cng chy
do nh nht quy nh nh hn 345 MPA, khng k n phng n xit cht.
Cn cho cc l rng qu c hoc c kha rnh theo cc quy nh y.
Cc bu lng AASHTO M253M (ASTM A490M) ng knh trn 24 mm c bt vo l
rng qu c hoc kha rnh ngn trong tng pha ngoi trong bt k trng hp no,
phi dng chiu dy nh nht 8.0mm di c u bu lng v ai c.Khng c s dng
nhiu vng m ti cng.
Cc vng m ti cng phi c t vt trm qu cc l rng qu c hoc kha rnh
ngn trong tng pha ngoi.
Cc vng m tm kt cu hoc thanh lin tc vi cc tiu chun, chiu dy khng
nh hn 8.0mm phi c yu cu ph hon ton cc l kha rnh di Cc vng m
ti cng dng vi bu lng cng cao phi c t vt trm qu b mt pha
ngoi ca tm m hoc thanh.
Cc thit b ch bo ti trng khng c t vt trm qu cc l rng qu c hoc kha
rnh trong tng pha ngoi, tr khgi cng c dng vng m ti cng hoc tm m
kt cu.
6.13.2.4 cc l
6.13.2.4.1 Kiu l
6.13.2.4.1a Tng qut.
AASHTO cu ng b

Tr khi c quy nh khc, phi s dng cc l tiu chun trong cc lin kt bu lng cng
cao.
6.13.2.4.1b Cc l rng qu c.
Cc l rng qu c c th c s dng trong bt c lp no hoc tt c cc lp ca cc
lin kt trt ti hn.Khng c s dng cc l rng qu c trong cc lin kt kiu p ta.
6.13.2.4.1c Cc l c kha rnh ngn.
Cc l c kha rnh ngn c th c s dng trong bt c lp no hoc tt c cc lp
ca cc lin kt trt ti hn hoc kiu p ta.Cc rnh c th c s dng m khng ch
n phng ca ti trng trong cc lin kt trt ti hn, nhng chiu di phi trc giao vi
phng ca ti trng trong cc lin kt kiu p ta.
6.13.2.4.1d Cc l c kha rnh di.
Cc l c kha rnh di c th c s dng trong ch mt lp ca hoc lin kt trt ti
hn hoc kiu p ta.Cc l c kha cnh di c th c s dng m khng ch ti
phng ca ti trng trong cc lin kt trt toi hn, nhng phi trc giao vi phng ca ti
trng trong cc lin kt kiu p ta.
6.13.2.4.2 Kch thc.
Kch thc ca cc l phi khng c vt qu cc tr s trong Bng 1 :
Bng 6.13.2.4.2-1 Cc kch thc l ln nht
ng knh bu Tiu chun
lng
Qu c
Rnh ngn
Rnh di
ng knh
ng knh
Rng di
Rng Di
16
18
20
1822
1840
20
22
24
2226
2250
22
24
28
2430
2455
24
26
30
2633
2660
27
30
35
3037
3067
30
33
38
3340
3375
36
39
44
3946
3990
6.13.2.5 quy cch ca bu lng

ng knh ca bu lng khng c nh hn 16mm.Khng c dng bu lng ng knh
16 mm trong cc cu kin ch yu, tr phi ti cc cnh ca st gc 64 mm v cc cnh
ca cc mt ct c kch thc yu cu cc bu lng lin kt 16 mm phi tha mn cc quy
nh v cu to khc quy nh y.
Phi gii hn s dng cc thp kt cu, khng c php dng bu lng 16 mm cho cc lan
can.
C th dng cc st di y nu quy cch ca n khng yu cu phi xc nh bng
tnh ton :
AASHTO cu ng b

Bu lng ng knh 16 mm cho cnh 50 mm
Bu lng ng knh 20 mm cho cnh 64 mm.
ng knh bu lng trong cc st gc ca cc thanh ch yu khng c vt qu mt phn
t chiu rng cnh ca thanh c b tr chng.
6.13.2.6 khong cch ca cc bu lng
6.13.2.6.1 Khong cch trng v c ly ti thiu.
C ly tim n ti thiu cua bu lng vi cc l tiu chun khng c ly nh hn ba ln
ng knh bu lng.Khi dng loi bu lng qu c hoc cc l x th khong cch trng ti
thii gia cc mp ca cc bu lng k lin theo hng truyn hay ngang vi hng lc
khng c ly nh hn hai ln ng knh ca bu lng.
6.13.2.6.2 C ly ti a ca cc bu lng kht cch m.
m bo cch m cho cc mi ni, c ly bu lng trn mt tuyn tim n 1 hng k
lin mp t do ca tm ph ngoi hay thp hnh phi tho mn :
S (100+4.0t) 175
(6.13.2.6.2-1_
Nu c mt tuyn trc th hai b tr so le cc bu lng mt cch u n vi tuyn tim

k lin vi mp t do c khong cch khng nh hn 38 +4.0 t th c ly tnh so le S
gia 2 tuyn tim phi tho mn :
S 100 +40 t (
3. 0 g
) 175
4. 0
(6.13.2.6.2-2)
C ly tnh so le ny khng c nh hn mt na so vi yu cu i vi tuyn tim n.

Trong :
t
= chiu dy ca tm p ngoi hay thp hnh, ly gi tr nh hn.
=Khong cch gia cac bu lng.
6.13.2.6.3 Bc c ly ti a dng cho bu lng lin kt ghp t hp mt ct.

Phi dng cc bu lng ghp t hp dng trong cc cu kin c mt ct t hp c lin
kt c hc m mt ct ngang ca n c hai hay hn hai tm bn hay thp hnh tip
gip vi nhau.
Bc c ly ca cac bu lng ghp trong cc cu kin chu nn khng c vt qu 12.0
t.Khong cch g gia cc tuyn tim bu lng lin k khng c vt qu 24.0t.Khi b tr so
le hai tuyn trc l bu lng lin k ngau, bc c ly cc l so le gia hai tuyn tim lin k
phi tho mn :
3 .0 g
12.0
8 .0
p 15.0t
AASHTO cu ng b
(6.13.2.6.3-1)

Bc c ly bu lng trong cc thanh chu ko khng c vt qu hai ln quy nh i vi
thanh chu nens.i vi thanh chu ko, khong cch gia cc tuyn tim khng c vt
qu 24.0 t.
Bc c ly ti a ca cc inh lin kt dng cho cc cu kin c mt ct t hp c hc
khng c vt qu tr s nh nht gia hai yu cu chng m v ghp t hp.
6.13.2.6.4 Bc c ly ti a dng cho bu lng ghp t hp u mt ca cu kin chu
nn.
Bc c ly bu lng lin kt cc b phn ca cu kin chu ko khng c vt qu bn ln
ng knh ca nh lin kt cho mt on chiu di bng 1.5 ln b rng ln nht
ca cu kin.Bn ngoi phm vi chiu di ny, bc c ly c th c tng dn trn mt
on chiu di bng 1.5 ln chiu rng ti a ca cc cu kin cho n khi no t
c bc c ly ti a qyt nh trong iu 6.13.2.6.3
6.13.2.6.5 Khong cch b tr u mt.
Khong cch u mut ca mi loi l c o t tm bu lng khng c nh hn
khong cch n mp uy nh trong Bng 6.13.2.6.6-1.i vi l ngoi c hay cc l x
( van )c ly tnh tin ti thiu n mp khng c nh hn ng knh bu lng.
Khong cch u mt ln nht phi c ly bng khong cch n mp ti a quy
nh trong iu 6.13.2.6.6.
6.13.2.6.6 Cc khong cch n mp cnh.
Khong cch n mp ti thiu theo quy nh trong Bng 1
Khong cch n mp ti a khng c ln hn tm ln chiu dy, phi ly tr s
chiu dy ln nht gia chiu dy bn p ngoi v 125 mm.
Bng 6.13.2.6.6-1 Khong cch n mp ti thiu.
ng knh bu lng (mm)
Cc mp ct
Cc mp tm bn hay
thp hnh c cn hoc
cc mp c ct bng khi
t
16
28
22
20
34
26
22
38
28
24
42
30
27
48
34
30
52
38
36
64
46
6.13.2.7 sc khng ct
Sc khng ct danh nh ca bu lng cng cao hoc bu lng ASTM A307 trng
thi gii hn cng trong cc mi ni m chiu di gia cc linh kin lin kt xa nht
o song song vi ng tc dng ca lc nh hn 1270 mm phi ly nh sau :
AASHTO cu ng b

Ni m cc ng ren b loi tr mt phng ct :
Rr =0.48 AbFubNs
(6.13.2.7-1)
Ni m ng ren bao gm trong mt phng ct :

Rr =0.38 AbFubNs
(6.13.2.7-2)
Trong :
Ab
=Din tch ca bu lng tng ng vi ng knh danh nh (mm2).
Fub
=Cng ko nh nht quy nh ca bu lng c quy nh trong iu
6.4.3 (MPa).
Ns
=S lng cc mt phng chu ct tnh cho mi bu lng
Sc khng ct danh nh ca bu lng trong cc mi ni c chiu di ln hn 1.270 mm

phi ly bng 0.80 ln tr s theo cc phng trnh 1 hoc 2.
Trong khi xc nh nu khhong bit cc ren ca bu lng c oc loi tr khi cc mt
phng ct ca cc b mt tip xc khng, chiu di ren ca bu lng phi c xac
nh theo hai ln chiu di bc ren ln hn chiu di quy nh.
Nu cc ren ca bu lng c bao gm trong mt phng ct trong mi ghp, th sc
khng ct ca bu lng trong tt c cc mt phng ct ca mi ghp phi l tr s
cho cc ren c bao gm trong mt phng ct.
i vi cc bu lng A307, thit k ct phi da v phng trnh 2.Khi chiu di m ca
mt bu lng A307 vt qu ng knh 5.0, sc khng danh nh phi gim 1.0% cho mi
1.5 mm chiu di m vt qu ng knh 5.0.
6.13.2.8 sc khng trt
Sc khng trt danh nh ca bu lng trng thi trong lin kt ti hn phi c ly nh
sau :
Rn =Kh KsNsPt
(6.13.2.8-1)
Trong :
Ns
=S lng mt phng trt tnh cho mi bu lng.
Pt
=Lc ko bu lng yu cu nh nht quy nh trong Bng 1(N)
Kh
=H s kch thc l quy nh trong Bng 2.
Ks
=H s iu kin b mt quy nh trong Bng 3
Bng 6.13.2.8-1 Lc ko bu lng nh nht yu cu.
ng knh Lc ko yu cu P1 (kN)
bu lng
M164(A325M)
M253 (A490M)
16
91
114
20
142
179
22
176
221
AASHTO cu ng b

24
205
257
27
267
334
30
326
408
36
475
595
Bng 6.13.2.8.2 Cc tr s ca Kn
Cho cc l tiu chun
1.0
Cho cc l vt qu c v kha rnh 0.85

ngn
Cho cc l kha rnh di vi rnh 0.70
thng gc vi phng ca lc
Cho cc l kha rnh di vi rnh 0.60
song song vi phng ca lc
Bng 6.13.2.8-3 Cc tr s ca Ks
Cho cc iu kin b mt Loi A
0.33
Cho cc iu kin b mt Loi B
0.50
Cho cc iu kin b mt Loi C
0.33
Phi p dng cc m t sau ay ca iu kin b mt cho Bng 3:

B mt Loi A:lp cu bn nh my lm sch khng sn, v cc b mt c lm sch
bng thi vi cc lp ph bc Loi A.
B mt Loi B: cc b mt c lm sch bng thi khng sn, v cc b mt ic
lm sch bng thi cc lp ph bc Loi B.
B mt Loi C :cc b mt m km nng v nhm.
Cc ti liu hp ng phi quy nh rng trong cc mi ghp khng c lp ph bc, th
sn bao gm bt k s phun lan khp khng c nao, u b loi tr khu vc gn hn
mt ng knh bu lng nhng khng nh hn 25 mm k t mp ca bt k l no v tt
c cc khu vc trong phm vi s bu lng.
Cc ti liu hp ng phi c quy nh rng mi ghp c cc b mt c to nhm
sn c lm sch bng thi v ph mt lp sn m c tnh cht bng th nghim
nh lp ph bc Loi A hoc Loi B.
Tu theo s chp thun ca k s, cc lp ph cho h s iu kin b mt nh hn
0.33 c th c s dng, min l h s trung bnh iu kin b mt c xy dng
bng th nghim.Sc khng trt danh nh phi c xc nh theo sc khng danh
AASHTO cu ng b

nh cho cc iu kin b mt Loi A, nh thch hp cho l v loi bu lng, nhn vi
h s iu kin b mt th nghim chia cho 0.33.
Cc ti liu hp ng phi quy nh rng :
Cc mi ghp c lp ph khng c lp rp trc khi cc lp ph hong kh vi thi gian
t nht s dng trong th nghim nh tnh.
Cc b mt c to nhm quy nh m km phi c m km nng theo ng
Quntnh AASHTO M11 (ASTM A123 ) danh nhi vi cc lp ph km (m km nng )
ln cc sn phm st v thp.Ri sau cc b mt phi c lm nhm bng cch
dng bn chi st cm tay.Khng c dng bn chi st chy bng in.
Nu lin kt trt ti hn phi chu tc ng ca mt lc ko lm cho gim lc xit c
hiu, th sc khng trt danh nh phi nhn vi h s quy nh bi Phng trnh
6.13.2.11-2.
6.13.2.9 sc khng p mt cc l bu lng
Din tch p mt c hiu ca bu lng phi ly theo ng knh ca n nhn vi chiu
dy ca vt liu lin kt m trn n p.Chiu dy c hiu ca vt liu lin kt vi
cc l khot ming loe phi ly nh chiu dy ca vt liu lin kt, tr i mt na chiu
cao ca ming leo.
i vi cc l tiu chun, cc l qu c, cc l kha rnh ngn thng gc vi lc p mt,
v tt cc l kha rnh song song vi lc p mt, th sc khng p mt danh nh
ca cc l bu lng pha trong v u trng thi gii hn c ng Rn, phi ly c
ly nh sau :
Vi cc bu lng c khong cch trng gia cc l khng nh hn 2.0d v vi khong cch
trng u khng nh hn 2.0d :
Rn =2.4 d t Fu
(6.13.2.9-1).
Nu hoc khong cch trng gia cc l hn 2.0dhoc khong cch trng u nh

hn 2.0d :
Rn =1.2 Lc tFu
(6.13.2.9-2)
Vi cc bu lng c khong cch trng gia cc l khng nh hn 2.0 d v vi khong cch

trng u khng nh hn 2.0d :
Rn =Lct Fu
(6.13.2.9-2)
Nu hoc khong cch trng gia cc l hn 2.0d hoc khong cch trng u nh
hn 2.0 d:
Rn =Lct Fu
(6.13.2.9-4)
Trong :
d
=ng knh danh nh ca bu lng (mm)
=Chiu dy ca vt liu lin kt (mm).
Fu =Cng ko ca vt liu lin kt quy nh trong Bng 6.4.1-1

(MPa)
6.13.2.10 sc khng ko
AASHTO cu ng b

6.13.2.10.1 Tng qut
cc bu lng cng cao chu ko dc trc phi c cng n lc quy nh trong Bng
6.13.2.8-1.Lc ko t ly nh lc do cc ti trng bn ngoi tnh ton, cng vi bt k
lc ko no do bi tc ng by ln gy ra bi s bin dng ca cc phn lin kt theo
quy nh trong iu 6.13.2.10.4.
6.13.2.10.2 Sc khng ko danh nh
Sc khng ko danh nh ca bu lng T n, c lp vi mi lc xit cht ban u, phi
ly nh sau :
Tn =0.76AbFub
(6.13.2.10.2-1)
Trong :
Ab =Din tch ca bu lng tng ng vi ng knh danh nh (mm2)
Fub =Cng ko nh nht quy nh ca bu lng c quy nh trong
iu 6.4.3 (MPa).
6.13.2.10.3 Sc khng mi.
ni cc bu lng cng cac trong ko dc trc chu mi phm vi ng sut, f trong
bu lng do hot ti mi thit k, cng vi s tnh n ti trng ng i vi ti trng
mi quy nh trong iu 3.6.1.4 cng vi lc by ln do tnh chu k ca ti trng mi,
phi tho mn Phng trnh 6.6.1.2.2-1.
Phng trnh danh nh ca bu lng phi c s dng trong tnh ton phm vi ng sut
bu lng.
Lc by ln tnh ton khng c vt qu 60% ca ti trng bn ngoi t ln.
Cac bu lng thp cacbon thp ASTM 307 khng c s dng trong cc lin kt chu
mi.
6.13.2.10.4 Tc dng nh ln.
Lc ko do tc dng nh ln phi c ly nh sau :
3b
t3
Qu =
Pu
8a 328000
(6.13.2.10.4-1)
Trong :
Qu
=Lc ko nh ln trn mt bu lng do cc ti trng tnh ton,
ly bng 0 khi l m (N)

Pu
=Lc ko trc tip trnmt bu lng do cc ti trng tnh ton

(N ).
=Khong cch t tim ca bu lng n mp ca tm (mm).
=Khong cch t tim ca bu lng n chn ng hn ca b

phn lin kt (mm).
AASHTO cu ng b

t
=Chiu dy ca b phn lin kt mng (mm).
6.13.2.11 ko v ct kt hp
Sc khng ko danh nh ca bu lng chu ct kt hp ko dc trc, T n phi ly nh
sau :
Nu
Pu
0.33
Rn
th
Tn =0.76AbFub
(6.13.2.11-1)
Nu khng :
Tn =0.76AbFub
P
1 u
s Rn
(6.13.2.11-2)
Trong :
Ab
=Din tch bu lng ng vi ng knh danh nh (mm2)
Fub =ng sut ko nh nht quy nh ca bu lng quy nh trong

iu 6.4.3 (MPa)
Pu
=Lc ct tc ng ln bu lng do cc ti trng thnh phn (N)
Rn
=Sc khng ct danh nh ca bu lng quy nh trong
iu 6.13.2.7 (N)
Sc khng danh nh ca bu lng trong cc lin kt chu trt ti hn do t hp ti trng
s dng quy nh trong Bng 3.4.1-1 chu ct kt hp ko dc trc, khng c vt
qu sc khng trt danh nh quy nh trong iu 6.13.2.8 nhn vi :
1-
Tu
Pt
(6.13.2.11-3)
Trong :
Tu
=Lc ko do ti trng thnh phn di t hp ti trng s

dng (N).
Pt
=Sc ko t nht yu cu ca bu lng quy nh trong Bng

6.13.2.8-1
6.13.3 Cc lin kt hn
6.13.3.1 tng qut
AASHTO cu ng b

Kin loi c bn, kim loi hn v cc chi tit thit k hn phi tun theo cc yu cu ca
Quy chun Hn D1.5ANSI/AASTHO/AWS.Cc k hiu hn phi tun theo cc k hiu d
trong n phm A2.4AWS.
Phi s dng kim loi hn tng hp trong cc mi hn rnh v hn p, tr kim loi m
ngi K s c th quy nh cc phn loi que hn vi cng nh hn kim loi c bn
chi tiet ho cc ng hn p i vi thp ti v ram, trong trng hp ny phng php
hn v kim loi hn phi c la chn cc mi hn chc chn.
6.13.3.2 sc khng tnh ton
6.13.3.2.1 Tng qut
Sc khng tnh ton ca cc lin kt hn Rr trng thi gii hn cng phi c ly theo
quy nh trong cc iu 6.13.3.2.2 v 6.13.3.2.4.
Din tch c hiu ca ng hn phi ly theo quy nh trong iu 6.13.3.3.Sc
khng tnh ton ca vt liu lin kt phi ly theo quy nh trong iu 6.13.5.
6.13.3.2.2 Cc lin kt hn rnh ngu hon ton
6.13.3.2.2a Ko v nn
Sc khng tnh ton ca cc lin kt hn rnh ngu hon ton chu ct trn din tch
c hiu phi c ly theo tr s nh hn ca hoc tr s cho bi Phng trnh 1 hoc
60% ca sc khng tnh ton cu kim loi c bn chu ko :
Rr
=0.6 e1Fexx
(6.13.3.2.2b-1)
Trong :
Fexx
=Cng phn loi ca kim loi hn (MPa).
e1
=H s sc khng i vi kim loi hn quy nh trong

iu 6.5.4.2.
6.13.3.2.3 Cc lin kt hn ngu rnh cc b

6.13.3.2.3a Ko hoc nn
Sc khng tnh ton ca cc lin kt hn rnh ngu cc b chu ko hoc nn song
song vi trc ca ng hn hoc nn trc giao vi din tch c hiu phi c ly nh
sc khng tnh ton ca kim loi c bn.
Sc khng tnh ton i vi cc lin kt hn rnh ngu cc b chu ko trc giao vi
din tch c hiu phi c ly theo tr s nh hn ca hoc tr s bi hoc Phng
trnh 1hoc sc khng tnh ton ca kim loi c bn :
Rr
=0.6 e1Fexx
(6.13.3.2.3a-1).
Trong :
e1
=H s sc khng i vi kim loi hn quy nh trong

iu 6.5.4.2
6.13.3.2.3 b Ct
Sc khng tnh ton ca cc lin kt hn rnh ngu cc b chu ct song song vi trc
ca ng hn phi ly theo tr s nh hn ca hoc sc khng danh nh tnh ton
AASHTO cu ng b

ca vt liu lin kt quy nh trong iu 6.13.5 hoc sc khng tnh ton ca kim loi
hn ly nh sau :
Rr
=0.6e2Fexx
(6.13.3.2.3b-1)
Trong :
e2 =H s sc khng i vi kim loi hn quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2.
6.13.3.2.4 Cc lin kt ng hn gc
6.13.3.2.4a Ko v nn.
sc khng tnh ton i vi cac lin kt hn dng ng hn gc chu ko hoc nn
song song vi trc ca ng hn phi c ly theo sc khng tnh ton ca kim loi c
bn.
6.13.3.2.4b Ct
Cc lin kt dng ng hn gc chu ct trn din tch c hiu phi c ly theo tr
s nh hn ca hoc sc khng tnh ton ca vt liu lin kt quy nh trong iu
6.13.5 hoc sc khng tnh ton ca kim loi hn ly nh sau :
Rr =0.6e2Fexx
(6.13.3.2.4b-1)
6.13.3.3 din tch c hiu

Din tch c hiu phi l chiu di ng hn c hiu nhn vi chiu cao tnh ton
ca mi hn.Chiu cao tnh ton ca mi hn phi l khong cch nh nht t chn
mi ghp n mt mi hn.
6.13.3.4 kch thc ca cc ng hn gc
Kch thc ca ng hn gc c th c gi thit trong thit k lin kt, phi l nh loi
m cc lc do cc ti trng tnh ton khng vt qu sc khng ca lin kt quy nh trong
iu 6.13.3.
Kch thc ln nht ca ng hn gc c th c s dng dc theo cc mp ca cc b
phn lin kt pha c ly nh sau :
i vi vt liu dy nh hn 6.0 mm :chiu dy ca vt liu.
i vi vt liu dy hn 6.0 mm hoc hn nh hn chiu dy ca vt liu 2 mm tr khi
ng hn c nh r trn cc ti liu hp danh nhng xy dng t c y
chiu dy ch tht li.
Kch thc nh nht ca ng hn gc cn theo quy nh trong Bng 1.Kch thc ng
hn khng cn ct qu chiu dy ca b phn mng hn c ni ghp.Cc ng hn
gpcs nh hn c th c chp nhn bi k s cn c trn ng sut t ln v vic s
dng nung nong s b thch hp.
Bng 6.13.3.4-1 Kch thc nh nht ca cc ng hn gc.
Chiu dy kim loi c bn
ca b phn mng hn
c ni ghp (T)
AASHTO cu ng b
Kch thc nh nht

ca ng hn gc
(mm)

( mm )
T 20
20 <T
6.13.3.5 chiu di c hiu nh nht ca cc ng hn gc

Chiu di c hiu nh nht ca ng hn gc phi l bn ln ktch thc ca n v
khng c trng hp no nh hn 40 mm
6.13.3.6 s hn tr li u ca ng hn gc
Cc ng hn gc chu ko khng song song vi trc ca ng hn, hoccc ng
hn gc c thit k chu ko sut lp, u khng c chm dt ti cc gc ca
cc phn hn gc c thit k chu ng sut lp, u khng c chm dt ti cc
gc ca cc phn hoc cc b phn. ni m cc vic hn tr li nh th c th lm
trong cng mt phng, th cc mch hn c tr li lin tc, kch thch y u cnh
quanh gc cho mt chiu di bng hai ln kch thch hn. Cc mch hn tr li u
phi c ch dn trong ti liu hp ng.
Cc ng hn gc p ln cc bn i din ca mt mt phng chung tip xc gia
hai phn phi b gin on gc chung cho c h ng hn.
6.13.3.7.Cc mi hn trm
Cc mi hn trm cn l mt mchhn lin tc kt hp cc chc nng hn trm v cng
, ch thay i mt ct v yu cu cng hoc cc yu cu v ng hn gc
kch thc nh nht.
6.13.4.sc khng ph hu ct khi
Lin kt bng ca cc dm ua ra v tt c lin kt chu ko, bao gm cc bn lin
kt, cc bn ni v cc bn tit im, phi c nghin cu bo m cung cp vt
liu lin kt thch hp pht trin sc khng tnh ton ca lin kt.
Phi nghin cu lin kt bng cch xem xt tt c cc mt phng c th b h hng
trong b phn v cc bn lin kt. Cc bn nh th phi bao gm cc bn song song v
vung gcvi cc lc t ln. Cc mt phng song song vi lc t ln phi c xem
xt ch chu ng sut ct. Cc mt phng thng gc vi lc t lnphi c
xem xt ch chu cc ng sut ko.
Sc khng tnh ton ca t hp cc mt phng song song v thng gc phi c ly
nh sau:
Nu Atn 0, 58.Avn, th Rr_= bs (0,58.Fy . Avg + Fu . Atn )
Nu khc i:
(6.13.4-1)
Rr_= bs (0,58.Fu . Avn + Fy . Atg )
Trong :
Avg = din tch nguyn dc theo mt phng chu ng sut ct (mm 2)
Avn = din tch thc dc theo mt phng chu ng sut ct (mm 2)
Atg = din tch nguyn dc theo mt phng chu ng sut ko (mm 2)
AASHTO cu ng b
(6.13.4-2)

Atn = din tch thc dc theo mt phng chu ng sut ko (mm 2)
Fy = cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca vt liu lin kt (MPa)
Fu = cng ko nh nht quy nh ca vt liu lin kt c quy nh trong bng
6.4.1-1 (MPa)
bs = H s sc khng i vi ct khi quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2

Din tch nguyn phi c xc nh theo chiu di ca mt phng nhn vi chiu
dy ca chi tit. Din tch thc phi l din tch nguyn, tr s l trong mt phng,
bao gm cc l phn on, nhn vi kch thc ca cc l trong phng ca mt phng
cng 2, 0 mm nhn vi chiu dy ca chi tit.
Trong xc nh mt ct thc ca cc lt chu ng sut ko, nh h ng ca cc l t
so le k vi cc lt phi c xc nh ng theo iu 6.8.3. i vi cc mt ct thc
chu ng sut ct, ng knh c hiu y ca l inh tn phi c tr i. Cc l
cch xa h c th b qua.
6.13.5. Cc cu kin lin kt
6.13.5.1. Tng qut
Phi p dng dii ny vo thit k cc cu kin lin kt nh cc bn ni, cc bn tit
im, cc thp gc ca gc, cc gi cng xn, v cc bn lin kt chu ko hoc
ct.
6.13.5.2. Ko
Sc khng tnh ton R r, chu ko phi ly theo tr s nh nht ca cc tr s cho bi
hoc cc phng trnh 6.8.2.1-1 v 6.8.2.1-2 v gii hn chy v t gy, tng ng,
hoc sc khng ph hu ct khi quy nh trong iu 6.13.4.
Trong xc nh Pnu theo quy nh trong phng trnh 6.8.2.1-2, cho cc bn lin kt,
cc bn ni v cc tit im, h s trit gim, U, quy nh trong iu 6.8.2.1-2,
phi c ly bng 1, 0 v din tch thc ca bn, A n, s dng trong phng trnh
6.8.2.1-2 khng c ly ln hn 85% ca din tch nguyn ca bn.
6.13.5.3. Ct
i vi cc cu kin lin kt chu ct, sc khng tnh ton, R r, phi c ly nh sau:
Rr = v .Rn
(6.13.5.3-2)
(6.13.5.3-1)
Trong :
Rn = 0, 58.Ag.Fy
Rn = sc khng ct danh nh(N)

Ag = din tch nguyn ca cu kin lin kt (mm2)
Fy = cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca cu kin lin kt (MPa)
v = h s sc khng i vi ct theo quy nh trong iu 6.5.42.

6.13.6. Cc mi ni
6.13.6.1 Mi ni bulng
6.13.6.14.1. Tng qut
Cc mi ni bt bulng phi c thit k tho mn cc yu cu quy nh trong
iu 6.13.1. ni m mt ct thay i ti mi ni, th mt ct nh hn ca hai
AASHTO cu ng b

mt ct lin kt phi c s dng trong thit k. Cc mi ni i vi cc b phn chu
ko v un phi c thit k s dng cc lin kt trt ti hn theo quy nh trong iu
6.13.2.2.1.
Cc mi ni thp gc cnh bt bu lng phi bao gm hai thp gc, mt thp gc trn
mi bn ca cu kinchu un.
6.13.6.1.2. cc cu kin chu ko
Cc mi ni i vi cc cu kin chu ko phi tho mn cc yu cu quy nh trong
iu 6.13.5.2.
6.13.6.1.3.Cc cu kin chu nn
Cc mi ni i vi cc b phn chu nn c chi tit ho vi cc u c gia cng nh
my trong p mt tip xc hon ton ti cc mi ni, v cc ti liu hp ng quy
nh s kim tra trong khi ch to v lp rp. c th c thit k cho khng nh hn
50% sc khng tnh ton thp hn ca cc mt ct ghp ni.
Cc mi ni trong cc thanh m gin, cc b phn vmv ct cn c tcng gn cc
im ca khoang cng tt v thng v pha m xy ra tc ng lc nh hn.
S b tr cc bn, thp gc hoc cc cu kin khc ca cc mi ni phi nh thc hin
mt s cung cp ung n cho tt c cc tc ng lc trong phn cu thnh ca cc
b phn ghp ni.
6.13.6.1.4. Cc cu kin chu un
6.13.6.1.4a. Tng qut
Cc bn ni phi c nghin cu v mi ca kim loi c bn lin k vi cc lin kt trt ti
hn theo quy nh trong bng 6.6.1.2.3-1 bng s dng mt ct nguyn ca cc bn
ni v b phn.
Cc mi ni chu ko phi tho mn cc yu cu quy nh trong iu 6.13.5.2.
6.13.6.1.4b. Cc mi ni bng
Cc bn ni bng v cc lin kt ca chng phi c thit k trng thi gii hn cng
cho:
*phn ca mmen thit k tnh ton quy nh trong iu 6.13.1, do bng chu.
*mmen do s lch tm ca lc ct tng tng xc nh nh lc ct do ti trng tnh
ton nhn vi mmen thit k quy nh trong iu 6.13.1 v chia choM gy ra bi cc
ti trng tnh ton v bn thn lc ct v bn thn lc ct tng tng.
trng thi gii hn cng , ng sut un trong cc bn ni khng c vt qu cng
chy do nh nht quy nh ca cc bn ni.
Cc bulng mi ni bng phi c thit k cho cc tc ng ca mmen do ct lch
tm.
Cc bn bng phi c ghp ni i xng bng cc bn mi bn. Cc bn ni cho lc
ct phi ko di ton b chiu cao ca dm gia cc cnh. Chng khng c nh hn
hai hng bulng trn ca mi ni.
i vi cc mi ni bng bng bulng c chnh lch b dy 2, 0 mm hoc nh hn,
khng cn c cc bn m.
AASHTO cu ng b

6.13.6.1.4c.Cc mi ni cnh
trng thi gii hn cng , ng sut dc trc trong bn ni phi tho mn cc yu cu
ca iu 6.9.2 nu chu nn.
i vi cc b phn un c bt bulng, cc mi ni bt bulng trong cc phn ca
cnh khng c dng gia cc mi ni hin trng, tr khi c k s chp nhn. Trong bt
k cnh no khng c c qu mt mi ni trong cng mt mt ct ngang. Nu thc
hin c th mi ni nn t ti cc im m mt ct c d.
6.13.6.1.5 cc bn m
Cc quy nh ca iu ny p dngcho cc lin kt loi p mt.
Khi cc bulng chu cc ti trng i qua cc bn m dy hn 6, 0 mm, th hoc
*Cc bn m phi c ko di qu bn tit im hoc vt liu ni, v s ko di
bn m phi c bo m bng cc bulng tng thm phn b tng ng sut
trn b phn mt cch u trn mt ct ca b phn v bn m, hoc
* thay th, mt s lng tng ng cc bulng tng thm c th i qua bn tit
im hoc vt liu ni m khong ko di bn m.
Cc bn m dy 6, 0 mm hoc hn phi bao gm khng nhiu hn hai tm, tr khi
c k s chp nhn.
6.13.6.2. Cc mi ni hn
Thit k mi ni hn v cc chi tit phi tun theo cc yu cu ca quy chun D1.5Hn
Cu ANSI/AASHTO/AWS, ln xut bn mi nht, v cc quy nh y.
Cc mi ni hn phi c thit k chu mmen, lc ct, hoc lc dc trc thit
k quy nh trong iu 6.13.1. Cc b phn chu ko v nn c th c ni ghp
bng cch dng cc mi hn i u ngu hon ton; cn trnh s dng cc bn ni.
Cn b tr cc mi ni hn hin trng gim thiu s hn ngc.
Vt liu ca cc chiu rng khc nhau c ni ghp bng cc ng hn i u phi
c cc chuyn tip i xng ph hp Hnh 1. Kiu chuyn tip la chn phi ph hp vi
cc loi chi tit ca bng 6.6.1.2.3-1 i vi lin kt ni hn rn dng trong thit k cu
kin. Cc ti liu hp ng phi quy nh rng cc mi ni hn i u ni ghp vt
liu c cc chiu dy khc nhau c mi gia ti mt dc u, gia cc b mt b
p bao gm c ng hn, khng ln hn 1 trn 2, 5.
6.13.7. Cc lin kt khung cng
6.13.7.1. Tng qut
Tt c cc lin kt khung cng phi c thit k chu cc mmen, lc ct v cc
lc dc trc do ti trng tnh ton trng thi gii hn cng .
6.13.7.2. Cc bng
Chiu dy ca bng dm khng c tng cng phi khng c nh hn:
Tw
Mc
3.
.F .d .d
v y b c
Trong :
AASHTO cu ng b
(6.13.7.2-1)

Fy : Cng chy do ca bng (MPa)
M c : mmen ct do cc ti trng tnh ton (N.mm)
d b : Chiu cao dm (mm)
dc :chiu cao ct (mm)
v : H s sc khng i vi ct theo quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2.

Khi chiu dy ca bng lin kt nh hn chiu dy cho trong phng trnh 1, bng phi
c tng cng bng cc sn tng cng cho hoc bng bn tng cng tip xc vi bng
trn din tch lin kt.
cc mi ni khuu ni m cc cnh ca mt cu kin c to thnh khung cng vo
cnh ca cu kin khc, phi lm cc sn tng cng trn bng ca cu kin th hai i
din cnh chu nn ca cu kin th nht trong :
tw
At
t b + 5.k
(6.13.7.2-2)
v i din cnh chu ko ca cu kin th nht trong :

t c 0,4 At
(6.13.7.2-3)
Trong :
tw: Chiu dy ca bng c tng cng (mm)
k : khong cch t mt pha ngoi ca cnh n chn ca ng hn gc bng ca
cu kin c tng cng (mm)
tp : Chiu dy ca cnh truyn lc tp trung (mm)
t c : Chiu dy ca cnh ca b phn c tng cng (mm)
At : din tch ca cnh truyn ti trng tp trung (mm 2)

6.14. quy nh cho cc loi kt cu
6.14.1 Cc nhp dm chy di
ni m cc dm ch hoc dm bao gm cc b phn chnh ca cc nhp dm chy
di, th cc b phn nh th phi c tng cng chng li bin dng nm ngang bng cc
phng tin ca cc bn tit im hoc cc thanh ging hnh khuu vi cc bng c
c lin kt vo cc thanh tng cng trn cc b phn chnh v cc dm sn. thit k
cc bn tit im phi tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 6.14.2.8.
6.14.2.Cc dn
6.14.2.1 Tng qut
Cc gin cn c cc thanh cng cu nghing. Phi trnh tnh trng cc tit im u
m thng khng c chng theo phng nm ngang.
Tim n tim cc gin ch phi c t cch nhau mt c ly xa trnh lt .
Cc chiu cao c hiu ca gn phi c gi nh nh sau:
* khong cch gia cc trng tm ca cc m c lin kt bng bulng, v
AASHTO cu ng b

* khong cch gia cc tm ca cc cht.
6.14.2.2.Cc cu kin ca gin
Cc cu kin phi i xng i vi mt phng trung tm ca gin
Nu hnh dng ca gin cho php, cc thanh m chu nn phi lin tc.
Nu cc thanh bng chu s i du ca ng sut, cc lin kt u ca chng
khng c cht li.
Nn chnh cc thanh xin ph.
6.14.2.3. Cc ng sut ph :
Thit k v chn cc cu to, phi sao cho cc ng sut ph cng nh cng li.Cc ng
sut do m men tnh ti ca cu kin phi c xem nh l do s lch tm ca cc mi
ni ghp hoc cc ng lm vic gy ra.Cc ng sut ph do s cong vnh ca dn
hoc vng ca dm sn khng cn phi xem xt trong bt k b phn no m
chiu rng ca n o song song bvi mt phng cong vnh nh hn 1/10 chiu do
ca n.
6.14.2.4.Cc vch ngn ngang:
Phi lm cc vch ngn ngang trong cc dn theo cc yu cu quy nh trong iu
6.7.4.4.
6.14.2.5. vng.
Chiu di ca cc cu kin dn phi c iu chnh n mc m vng s bng
hoc ln hn vng do tnh ti gy ra.
Trong tnh ton cc vng ca dn, phi s dng din tch nguyn ca cu kin
dn.Nu cc bn khot l c s dng, th din tch c hiu ca bn khot l phi l
khi lng thc gia cc tim ca cc l khot chia cho chiu di t tim n tim ca cc l
khot.
Cc yu cu thit k i vi cc bn khot l phi tho mn cc yu cu quy nh trong
cc iu 6.5.8.2 v 6.9.4.3.2
6.14.2.6.Cc ng lm vic v cc trc trng tm.
Cc cu kin chnh phi cn xng cho cc trc trng tm ca chng cng gn
tm ca mt ct cng li.
Trong cc cu kin chu nn c mt ct khng i xng, nh cc mt ct m dn c
to thnh t cc bn bng v bn ph th trc trng tm ca mt ct phi trng kht
cng gn vi ng lm vic th cng c li, tr khi s lch tm c th a n lm
mt tc dng un tnh ti. Trong m di c 2 thp gc hoc cc b phn xin, ng
lm vic c th ly nh ng nh c gn lng ca thp gc nht hoc trng tm
i vi cc dn hn.
6.14.2.7.H lin kt tng cng khung cng cu v chng lc ngang
6.14.2.7.1.Tng qut
Phi nghin cu nhu cu b tr cc khung ngang thng ng c s dng nh l h lin
kt tng cng chng lc ngang trong cc dn.Bt k s phn tch kt cu ph hp
no vi tnh trng c hoc khng h lin kt tng cng chng lc ngang gia u c
AASHTO cu ng b

th c chp nhn, vi iu kin l s cn bng, s tng thch v s n nh u
tho mn tt c cc trng thi gii hn c th p dng c.
6.14.2.7.2.Cc nhp dn chy di
Cc nhp dn chy di phi c h lin kt tng cng khung cng cu, hoc cng
v cng ca h dn phi c chng minh l sc chu khi khng c khung cng
cu c lin kt tng cng.Nu h lin kt tng cng khung cng cu c s dng,
th h nn l kiu 2 mt phng hoc kiu hp, lin kt cng vo tr cng cu
v cc cnh ca m trn v cao n chng mc m tnh khng cho php.Nu s dng
khung cng mt phng n, th cn t khung ny trong mt phng ngang trung
tm ca cc tr cng cu, vi cc vch ngn ngang gia cc bng ca cc tr to s
phn b cc ng sut cng cu.
Cng cu, c hoc khng c h lin kt tng cng, phi c thit k tip nhn
ton b phn lc ca h lm ngang ca h m trn v cc tr cng phi c thit k
truyn phn lc ny cho cc gi ca dn.
6.14.2.7.3.Cc nhp dn chy trn.
Cc nhp dn chy trn phi c h lin kt tng cng chng lc ngang trong mt
phng ca cc tr cui cu, hoc cng cc thanh tng cng ca h dn phi c
chng minh l . ni m h lin kt tng cng chng lc ngang c s dng, th
h ny ko di chiu cao ca cc dn bn di h sn, v h lin kt tng cng
chng lc ngang u phi cn xng truyn ton b ti trng nm ngang trn
cao cho cc tr cu thng qua cc tr cui ca dn.
6.14.2.8.Bn tit im
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca cc iu 6.13.4 v6.13.5 nh c th p dng c.
Cc bn tit im hoc bn lin kt cn c dng lin kt cc cu kin chng, tr
ni m cc cu kin c lin kt cht. Cc linh kin lin kt tng cu kin phi i
xng vi trc ca cu kin, ti chng mc thc hin c, v cn nghin cu s pht
trin y cc phn ca cu kin.
Cc ch ct gc lm tr cc ng cong to dng, cn c trnh ti chng mc thc hin
c.
ng sut ln nht t cc ti trng dc trc v un tnh ton t hp khmg vt qu t .F y
cn c trn din tch nguyn.
ng sut ct ln nht tr mt ct do cc ti trng tnh ton phi l v .Fu 3 i vi lc
3 i vi ct un c tnh nh lc ct tnh ton chia u cho
ct u v 0,74.Fu v
din tch ct.
Nu chiu di ca mp khng c ging chng ca bn tit im vt qu 2, 06 (E/Fy)1/2
nhn vi chiu dy ca n, th mp phi c tng cng. Cc mp ca bn tit im
c tng cng v khng c tng cng phi c nghin cu nh l cc mt ct ca ct
c l tng ho.
6.14.2.9.Gin chy gia
Cc thanh thng ng ca gin v cc dm sn v cc lin kt ca chng trong cc
nhp gin chy gia phi c thit k chu lc nm ngang khng nh hn 4, 38
AASHTO cu ng b

N/mm t tai cc im khoang gin m trn ca mi gin xemnh mt ti trng thng
xuyn i vi t hp ti trng I v cng v c h s ho ph hp.
Mmen trn phi c xem nh l mt ct vi cc thanh ging chng nm ngang n h
ti cc im khoang gin.
6.14.2.10.Sc khng tnh ton
Sc khng tnh ton ca cc cu kin chu ko phi tho mn cc yu cu quy nh
trong iu 6.8.2.
Sc khng tnh ton ca cc cu kin chu nn phi tho mn cc yu cu quy nh
trong iu 6.9.2.
Sc khng un danh nh ca cc cu kin m sc khng tnh ton ca chng b
khng ch bi cc phng trnh tng tc, quy nh trong cc iu 6.8.2.3 hoc
6.9.2.2, phi c tnh theo quy nh trong iu 6.12.
6.14.3 cc kt cu phn trn ca bn mt cu trc hng
6.14.3.1. tng qut
Cc quy nh ca iu nyphi p dng cho thit k cc cu thp s dng bn thp
c tng cngs nh l mt cu.
Mt cu bn trc hngphi xem nh mt phn thuc tnh ton b kt cu phn trn
cu v phi tham gia vo chu ton b cc tc ng ln cu. Cc lin kt gia mt cu
v cc b phn kt cu chnh phi c thit k i vi cc tc ng qua li quy nh
trong iu 9.4.1.
nh hng ca cc s cong vnh do xon ca hnh dng mt ct ngang phi c xt
n trong phn tch cc dm ca cc dm hp trc hng.
6.14.3.2. Chiu rng c hiu qu ca mt cu
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 4.6.2.6.4
6.14.3.3. Xt kt hp cc tc ng chung v cc b
6.14.3.3.1 Tng qut
Trong tnh ton cc tc ng lc cc tr ln mt cu, phi xt kt hp cc tc ng
chung v cc b. Cc tc ng lc t hp nh th phi c tnh cho cng mt cu hnh
v v tr ca hot ti.
6.14.3.3.2. Cc mt cu chu ko chung
Sc khng tnh ton ca cc mt cu chu ko chung P u do cc ti trng tnh ton vi lc
ct chungng thi t hp vi un cc b phi tho mn :
Pu M ur
1,33
+
Pr M rr
vi:
(6.14.3.3.2-1)
Pu = Ad, eff(f2g + 3fvg2)0, 5
(6.14.3.3.2-2)
Trong :
fg: ng sut chung dc trc trong mt cu (MPa)
fcg:lc ct chung ng thi trong mt cu (MPa)
AASHTO cu ng b

Ad, eff: din tch mt ct ngang c hiu qu ca mt cu, bao gm cc s n dc
(mm2)
Pr : sc khng ko danh nh ca mt cu vi s lu ti chiu rngc hiu ca mt
cu (N)
Mur : mmen un cc b ca sn dc do cc ti trng tnh ton (N-mm)
Mrr: sc khng un cc b ca sn dc, c khng ch bng t ti gii hn chy trong
th ngoi cng (N-mm)
6.14.3.3.3. cc mt cu chu nn chung
Tr khi c chng minh bng s phn tch cht ch rng s on ton b mt cu s
khng xy ra do kt qu ca lc nn chung t hp vi cc lc nn un cc b trong
cc sn dc, th cc sn dc, bao gm chiu rng c hiu ca bn mt cu phi c
thit k nh cc ct ring l gi nh ta gin n ti cc dm ngang.
6.14.3.4. Un ngang
Cc sc khng mmen tnh ton ca cc dm ngang v bn mt cu phi nh sau:
Trong :
M fb
Mrb
M ft
M rt
1,0
Mfb: Mmen t ln do cc ti trng tnh ton trong dm ngang(N-mm).

Mrb: Sc khng mmen tnh ton ca dm ngang(N-mm).
Mft: Mmen ngang t ln trong bn mt cu do cc ti trng tnh ton do kt qu
ca bn chu cc ti trng bnh xe ti cc sn dc k bn
Mrt : Sc khng mmen tnh ton ca bn mt cu chu ti trng bnh xe ti cc s n
k bn (N-mm).
i vi cc cu hnh mt cu trong c li ca cc dm ngang t nht bng 3 ln
c li ca cc bng sn dc, th s hng th 2 ca phng trnh 1 c th b i.
6.14.3.5 Vch ngn ngang
Phi lm cc vch ngn ngang hoc cc khung ngang ti mi v tr trn gi cu v
phi c cng v cng truyn cc lc ngang cho cc gi cu v chng
li s xoay ngang, s chuyn v v s cong vnh. Phi lm cc vch ngang trung gian
hoc cc khung ngang ti cc v tr nht qun vi s phn tch ca cc dm v phi
c cng v cng chng li s cong vnh ngang.
6.14.4 Cc vm bng c.
6.14.4.1 S khuch i mmen i vi vng.
i vi s khuch i mmen, phi tho mn quy nh trong iu 4.5.3.2.2c.
6.14.4.2 mnh ca bng
mnh ca cc bng ca cc sn vm phi tho mn :
D
K
tw
E
fa
AASHTO cu ng b
(6.14.4.2-1)
Bng 6.14.4.2-1 - mnh ca vm

iu kin
fa
Khng c sn tng cng 1.25

dc
Mt sn tng cng dc
1.88
fa= 0.75D.tw
Hai sn tng cng dc
2.51
fa= 2.2D.tw
Trong :
fa : ng sut dc trc do cc ti trng tnh ton (MPa)
k : H s n nh bn quy nh trong bng 1
mmen qun tnh ca cc sn tng cng i vi trc song songvi bng y ca sn
tng cng khng c nh hn tr s quy nh trong bng 1.
T s chiu rng trn chiu dy i vi cc sn tng cng phi tho mn :
b
0,408
ts
E
f
fa + b
3
12
(6.14.4.2-2)
Trong :
fb : ng sut ln nht do cc ti trng tnh ton, bao gm s khuch i mmen (MPa)
6.14.4.3 n nh ca cnh
T s chiu rng trn chiu dyca cc cnh phi tho mn :
*i vi chiu rng gia cc bng
b
1,06
t
E
fa + fb
(6.14.4.3-1)
*i vi cc chiu rng phn hng:

b
0,408
t
E
fa + fb
AASHTO cu ng b
(6.14.4.3-2)

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Th vin phn mm CAUDUONGVN.NET.

1. gii thiu chung................................................................................30

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3. Ti trng v h s ti trng ...........................................................52

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gii thiu chung

Cc quy nh ca b tiu chun ny nhm dng cho thit k, nh gi v khi phc cc

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