1/7/2014 PL/SQL Transaction Commit, Rollback, Savepoint, Autocommit, Set Transaction

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PL/SQL Transaction Commit, Rollback, Savepoint,
Autocommit, Set Transaction
Oracle PL/SQL transaction oriented language. Oracle transactions provide a data integrity. PL/SQL transaction is a
series of SQL data manipulation statements that are work logical unit. Transaction is an atomic unit all changes
either committed or rollback.
At the end of the transaction that makes database changes, Oracle makes all the changes permanent save or may
be undone. If your program fails in the middle of a transaction, Oracle detect the error and rollback the
transaction and restoring the database.
You can use the COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT, and SET TRANSACTION command to control the transaction.
1. COMMIT : COMMIT command to make changes permanent save to a database during the current
transaction.
2. ROLLBACK : ROLLBACK command execute at the end of current transaction and undo/undone any changes
made since the begin transaction.
3. SAVEPOINT : SAVEPOINT command save the current point with the unique name in the processing of a
transaction.
4. AUTOCOMMIT : Set AUTOCOMMIT ON to execute COMMIT Statement automatically.
5. SET TRANSACTION : PL/SQL SET TRANSACTION command set the transaction properties such as read-
write/read only access.
Commit
The COMMIT statement to make changes permanent save to a database during the current transaction and visible
to other users,
Commit Syntax :
Commit comments are only supported for backward compatibility. In a future release commit comment will come
to a deprecated.
Commit Example :
D A T A B A S E D I A G R A M ( E R D )
Database Design & Modeling: Get: DeZign for Databases : $129
Rollback
The ROLLBACK statement ends the current transaction and undoes any changes made during that transaction. If
823 Like
SQL>COMMIT [COMMENT "comment text"]; 1
SQL>BEGIN
UPDATE emp_information SET emp_dept='Web Developer'
WHERE emp_name='Saulin';
COMMIT;
END;
/
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1/7/2014 PL/SQL Transaction Commit, Rollback, Savepoint, Autocommit, Set Transaction
http://way2tutorial.com/plsql/plsql_transaction.php 2/3
you make a mistake, such as deleting the wrong row from a table, a rollback restores the original data. If you
cannot finish a transaction because an exception is raised or a SQL statement fails, a rollback lets you take
corrective action and perhaps start over.
ROLLBACK Syntax:
ROLLBACK Example :
Above example statement is exception raised because eno = 1 is already so DUP_ON_INDEX exception rise and
rollback to the dup_found savepoint named.
Savepoint
SAVEPOINT savepoint_names marks the current point in the processing of a transaction. Savepoints let you
rollback part of a transaction instead of the whole transaction.
SAVEPOINT Syntax :
SAVEPOINT Example :
Autocommit
You have no need to execute COMMIT Statement for each of time. You can set AUTOCOMMIT ON to execute
COMMIT Statement automatically. It's automatic execute for each DML statement. set auto commit on using
following statement,
AUTOCOMMIT Example :
You can also set auto commit off,
Set Transaction
SQL>ROLLBACK [To SAVEPOINT_NAME]; 1
SQL>DECLARE
emp_id emp.empno%TYPE;
BEGIN
SAVEPOINT dup_found;
UPDATE emp SET eno=1
WHERE empname = 'Forbs ross'
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
ROLLBACK TO dup_found;
END;
/
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SQL>SAVEPOINT SAVEPOINT_NAME; 1
SQL>DECLARE
emp_id emp.empno%TYPE;
BEGIN
SAVEPOINT dup_found;
UPDATE emp SET eno=1
WHERE empname = 'Forbs ross'
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
ROLLBACK TO dup_found;
END;
/
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SQL>SET AUTOCOMMIT ON; 1
SQL>SET AUTOCOMMIT OFF; 1
1/7/2014 PL/SQL Transaction Commit, Rollback, Savepoint, Autocommit, Set Transaction
http://way2tutorial.com/plsql/plsql_transaction.php 3/3
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SET TRANSACTION statement is use to set transaction are read-only or both read write. you can also assign
transaction name.
SET TRANSACTION Syntax :
Set transaction name using the SET TRANSACTION [...] NAME statement before you start the transaction.
SET TRANSACTION Example :
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SQL>SET TRANSACTION [ READ ONLY | READ WRITE ]
[ NAME 'transaction_name' ];
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SQL>SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE NAME 'tran_exp'; 1
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