INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY (ICRSE-13)

Subramanian K. et al., Vol. 2, Special Issue , pp. 12-19, 2014

12
Simulation Study of Nine-Level Inverter Fed 1- Induction Motor Drive

Subramanian K.,* Poovarasan P., Saraswathi M. and Uthra M.
Power Electronics and Drives Division, School of Electrical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
*Corresponding author: ksubramanian@vit.ac.in


AbstractAt present nine-level PWM inverters are introduced
in industrial drives, for interconnecting the renewable energy
sources into the grid supply and traction motor drives, where the
high and medium voltage levels. This paper presents an attempt
made to evaluate the performance of 9-level cascaded inverter
supplying power to a 1- induction motor using computer
simulation. Mathematical modeling of the system derived using
equivalent circuit and the device operations. MATLAB/ Simulink
based performance study completed. A novel technique used for
modulation process to generates the pulses. These are applying to
the gate circuit of the solid-state switches are used to configure the
nine -level inverter. Simulation study completed using ODE 23
solver and results are presented.
Index TermsPWM inverter, nine -level, 1- induction motor

I. INTRODUCTION
Multi-level inverters (MLI), in particular three-level inverter
fed AC drives employed in industries and electric traction for
high voltage, power and efficiency of energy conversion
process. Many utility companies nowadays provide cash
incentive programs for energy saving. This encourages the use
of large power PWM AC drives which are typically rated from
several hundred to thousands horsepower. The advantages of
this scheme are
Avoid series connections because the voltage of the
switching device is

It shifts the first group of voltage harmonics to a
frequency band, which centers at two times the
modulation frequency
To reduces the switching losses
It reues the v t on the motor winings.
High voltage power conversion using conventional series
connected voltage source inverter, techniques is compared
and reviewed shows series connection of switches is essential
[1] - [2]. D.C voltage is the input for the high voltage level
PWM inverter obtained from a.c source using rectifier. At
present, renewable source like, wind, solar etc. gives the
energy in d.c form those are supplying energy to the MLI;
during energy conversion, process voltage across dc source
change abruptly. Therefore, voltage unbalancing will exist. A
novel dc voltage charge balance control discussed by C.C. Hua
et al [3].
A single-phase n-level multilevel inverter needs (n-1) voltage
levels, recently 9-level hybridized cascade multi-level inverter
presented [4] with different dc voltage level using diodes and
controlled switches, though it gives better power quality but
input power factor of this drives is an important task.
At present, the utility of MLIs increases to connect the non-
conventional energy sources to the utility grid or employed
for water pumping applications in isolated mode [5]- [8]. The
aim of this work is develop the mathematical model of a
single-phase 9-level PWM inverter supplying power to a
single-phase induction motor drive. The simulation study
completed using built-in libraries of power system toolbox in
MATLAB / SIMULINK software [9] and presented.
The subsequent section-II, describes the system configuration.
A deadbeat control is used to gives the d.c voltage to the
inverter with different voltage levels. Single-phase 9-level
cascaded PWM multi-level cascaded inverter operation
presented. Modulating technique for pulse generation
discussed. In section-III, mathematical model of the system
explained. Simulation presented in section-IV, results and
conclusion discussed in sections V and VI respectively.

II. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

A. D. C. Supply System for Inverter











Figure 1. Connection diagram of D.C supply for the inverter
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY (ICRSE-13)
Subramanian K. et al., Vol. 2, Special Issue , pp. 12-19, 2014



13
Figure 1 depicted the dc voltage sources for the 9-Level
inverter .Deadbeat control technique [10] used to control the
state of the switch

and

and voltage level of the inverter.

B. 9-Level Cascaded Inverter
The multilevel inverter (MLI) structure can eliminates the need
for step-up transformer and reduced the harmonics generated
by the inverter. Figure 3 shows the nine-level cascaded
inverter. The voltage stress on the switch is

.
Each of the two cell comprises a single-phase conventional H-
bridge inverter. One bi-directional switch connected to the
centre tap of two dc sources. By making appropriate switching
(Table-1) of the inverter will gives nine level of the output
voltage. i.e,

. In
general, the maximum number of voltage level obtainable by
adding number of 5-level inverter is




Figure 2. Circuit connection of 9-level inverter supplying power to R load

For positive half-cycle, the output voltage of

obtain by the
switches

are turned on, then the current flowing as:

. In case of

, the switches

are turned ON, The current flowing

as:

For

, the switches

and

are turned ON, the

current flowing as:

. For

, the switches

and

are
turned ON, the current flowing as:

. For zero output voltage, the switches

are turned on, then no current flowing, since circuit

is open. It is common for negative half-cycle also.
For negative half-cycle, the output voltage of -

obtain by
the switches

are turned on, then the current

flowing as:

. In
case of -

, the switches

are turned ON, The

current flowing as:

For
-

, the switches

and

are turned ON, the

current flowing as:

. For
-

, the switches

and

are turned ON, the

current flowing as:

.
In order to gives, the required output voltage magnitude of
the nine-level inverter, the switches are triggering properly.
In order to get the pulse the signals are modulated, Fig.4.
For the continuous operation of the inverter, the switches are
sequentially gated, Table-1. The state of the switches and the
output voltage of the nine-level inverter is Table-1. In Table-1,
zero indicates OFF and one indicates ON of the concerned
switches.
Table 1. Switching logic of 9-level inverter
Vo S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 SA SB
Vdc 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
2Vdc 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
3Vdc 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
4Vdc 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
+0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
- 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
-Vdc 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
-2Vdc 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
-3Vdc 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
-4Vdc 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0

C. Proposed 1- Induction Motor Drive System
The proposed 9-level inverter fed single-phase induction
motor drive is shown in Fig.3, comprises the induction motor
as a load, LC filter with their internal resistances r

n r

and
d.c supply system. Performance of the motor characteristics is
studied using computer simulation.
The d.c source is the equivalent of power extracted from
either solar or other renewable energy source like
photovoltaic, biomass etc.
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY (ICRSE-13)
Subramanian K. et al., Vol. 2, Special Issue , pp. 12-19, 2014



14
The aim of this work is to develop an isolated water pump
driven by the non-conventional energy sources. Therefore, the
system is suggest and implemented in computer simulation
level with 230V input dc level in particular household
applications.



Figure 3. Circuit connection of 9-level inverter fed 1-Induction motor drives

III. MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
A. Modeling of 1- Induction motor
A single-phase induction motor with balanced stator
windings are represented stationary reference frame in q-d
axis equivalent circuit, Figs.4 (a) & (b) [11].

Figure 4. q-d Axis equivalent circuit of single phase induction motor

From Fig.6, the d-q axis voltage equations of are:

Where b is the bse spee p

t
, the flux linkage
equations are

These equations (8) (15) are writing matrix form as:
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY (ICRSE-13)
Subramanian K. et al., Vol. 2, Special Issue , pp. 12-19, 2014



15
[

Where, p is equal to d/dt and n is the turn ratio of stator to
rotor. The equation (10) describes the dynamic characteristics
of single-phase induction motor.
The developed electromagnetic torque is

) (

) [

]
B. Modeling of Single-Phase Inverter
Figure 2 shows the inverter system with LC filter and load
resistance R, In Fig.2, r

and r

represents the equivalent

series resistance of inductor and capacitor. The state
equations describing linear model of PWM inverter system is
given as:
[

]
[

] [

] [

]

IV. MATLAB/SIMULINK BASED SIMULATION
The proposed single-phase induction motor drive simulated
for 3 seconds, Fig.6, using the built-in libraries.












INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY (ICRSE-13)
Subramanian K. et al., Vol. 2, Special Issue , pp. 12-19, 2014



16


Figure 5. Simulink Connection of the proposed 9-level inverter fed 1- induction motor drive.
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY (ICRSE-13)
Subramanian K. et al., Vol. 2, Special Issue , pp. 12-19, 2014



17


Figure 6. Simulink connection of Modulating blocks


blocks of power system tool box in MATLAB/SIMULINK
software. Ode 25 solver used to solve the equations, which
are describing the system dynamics. Fig.7 shows the
modulation block developed in Matlab [10]. A 1-, 110V,
induction motor is considered as load and its parameter as
shown in Table-1.
Table 2. Induction motor parameters
Phase Single-phase
Rating 1Hp
Type Split phase
voltage 220V
Frequency 50Hz
Pole 4
Main winding resistance 36
Main winding inductance 32.07mH
Main winding mutual inductance 50.9mH
Auxiliary winding resistance 36
Auxiliary winding inductance 32.07mH
Friction factor 0
Inertia 0.005kg-m
2

V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The simulated results are shows in Figs.7 to 9. The extracted
current and voltage waveforms are shown Fig. (7). It clearly
shows the needs of reactive volt-ampere (VAr) to improve
the power factor. An external connected capacitor across the
main winding will improve the power factor by injecting
leading VAr to mitigate the lagging VAr required by the motor.


Figure 7. Load voltage and current waveforms

Figure 8 illustrates the simulated gate signals (g

to g

) of the
solid-state switches. It gated the switches at appropriate time
intervals will get the required output voltage level
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY (ICRSE-13)
Subramanian K. et al., Vol. 2, Special Issue , pp. 12-19, 2014



18

Figure 8. Gate pulses of the proposed triggering modulation

The 9-level inverter output voltage and current values (rms)
are shown in Fig.9. In order to make the clarity of current
magnitude is magnified with ten times the actual value In
Fig.9. Both values are attains their steady state value after
0.02 seconds, Fig.9.

Figure 9. RMS value of load voltage and current

Figure 10. Electromagnetic torque and speed

The electromagnetic torque developed by the motor and its
speed is shown in Fig.10.
VI. CONCLUSION
The simulated results of the 9-level inverter fed 1- induction
motor shows its capability of the drives. The problems
encountered single-phase multi-level inverter is absorbed
that, it need dc voltage level is twice the peak value of the
inverter output voltage. If it is from a renewable energy
sources, will needs intermediate stage either boost or buck
operation of d.c to converter

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors acknowledge the Management of Vellore
Institute of Technology University, Vellore, India, 632014 and
Dean School of Electrical Engineering, for the support and
keen interest in promoting the research and development in
the division by providing the facilities and time.

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INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY (ICRSE-13)
Subramanian K. et al., Vol. 2, Special Issue , pp. 12-19, 2014



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Dr. K. Subramanian received B.E degree in
Electrical and Electronics Engineering and
M.E degree in Power System from National
Institute of Technology (Formerly Regional
Engineering College), Thiruchirappalli-15 in 1994 and 1998
and Ph.D degree from VIT Uuniversity, Vellore,
India,2013.His research interest is Induction Generator
Voltage/ Var Control, Electrical Machines Drives, Modeling &
Simulation, Power Electronics and drives, Application in
Reactive Power Control.

P.Poovarasan received B.E degree in Electrical
and Electronics Engineering from Saveetha
Engineering College, Chennai affliated to Anna
University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India and
Persuing M.Tech in VIT University, Vellore, Tamil
Nadu, India,632014. He is interested in power
electronics and drives.

M.Saraswathi received B.E degree in Electronics
and Communication Engineering from
Priyadharshini Engineering College, Vaniyambadi,
affliated to Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu,
India and Persuing M.Tech in VIT University,
Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India,632014. She is
interested in power electronics and drives.



M.Uthra received B.E degree in Electrical and
Eetronis Engineering rom t.Josephs
College of Engineering, Chennai, affliated to
Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
and Persuing M.Tech in VIT University, Vellore,
Tamil Nadu, India,632014. She is interested in
power electronics and drives.