ABBREVATIONS

BIBILOGRAPHY









CHAPTER-V
FINDINGS
&
SUGGESTIONS









GLOSSARY










QUESTIONNAIRE






GLOSSARY
Human Resource Management-
Human Resource Management is a series of decisions that affect the relationship
between employees, it affects many constituencies and is extended to influence the
effectiveness of employees and employers.
JOB-
Job is a particular task of a person is their duty or function and also is a regular
activity performed in exchange for payment especially as one`s trade occupation or
profession.
Satisfaction-
Satisfaction is the pleasure that you feel when you do something or get something
that you wanted or needed to do or get.
Job Satisfaction.
The extent to which a person`s hopes , desires and expectations about the
employment he is engaged in are fulfilled.
Motivation-
A Motive is an inner state that ever gives activate or mover and direct (or) channels
behavior goals.
Definitions of employees job satisfaction-
Employee job satisfaction is defined as pleasurable (or) positive emotional state
resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experience
Employee job satisfaction is a set of favorable or unfavorable feelings with which
employee views about their work.



BIBILOGRAPHY
Human resource management GUPTHA.JOSHI
Organizational behavior ROBBINS
Research methodology L.R. KOTHARI
Human resource management
Industrial relations A.M.SHARMA
Human resource management BISWAJEET
PATTNAYAK


www.indiacoffee.org
WWW.CCLPRODUCTS.com
www.coffee.wikkia.com








Freeze Dried Coffee
CCL Products unique freeze drying process preserves all essential aspects
of the coffee extract, retaining the quality parameters with regard to
product colour, bulk density and solubility. Further, the carefully designed
system ensures the right granule size and size distribution.
At CCL Products we use carefully selected Arabica and Robusta coffee
beans in varying combinations to produce a unique blend for complete
satisfaction of the person consuming the coffee, and for an aroma that
continues long after the coffee has been consumed.

Manufacturing process
The freeze-drying method preserves the coffee flavour to a great extent. In
this process, first, the coffee is allowed to sit so the water evaporates
naturally, leaving a concentrated coffee solution. This concentrate is then
frozen to around - 40 Degree Celsius. The remaining water freezes into ice
crystals. Sublimation (a natural process similar to evaporation) is used to
remove the ice, leaving behind dry grains of coffee.





In this process, agglomerated wet coffee granules are frozen. This is a very
important stage. Freezing too fast leads to large ice crystals and a very
porous product a can also affect the colour of the coffee granules.
Thereafter, frozen coffee is placed in the drying chamber, in metal trays. A
vacuum is created within the drying chamber. The strength of the vacuum
is critical to the speed of the drying and ultimately, to quality of the
product. Great care must be taken to produce a vacuum of suitable
strength.
Thereafter, the drying chamber is warmed, most commonly, by radiation.
However, conduction is used in some plants and convection has been
proposed in some small pilot plants. A possible problem with convection is
uneven drying rates, within the chamber, which would give an inferior
product.

Condensation - The previously frozen water in the coffee granules expands
to 107 of its volume, The removal of this water vapour from the chamber is
vitally important, making the condenser the most critical and expensive
components in a freeze drying plant.
The freeze dried granules are removed from the chamber and packaged.

Packaging
CCL Products has the capacity to offer coffee in jars, cans, sachets /
pouches and bag-in- box, of varied sizes, shapes, styles and materials.

Certifications
CCL Products is currently ISO 9001 : 2000, HACCP and BRC certified.
Additionally, CCL is certified to produce Organic Coffee, Rain Forest
Alliance Coffee and Fair Trade Coffee, in any combination, by the relevant
organisations. more






Types Offered
CCL Products has the capacity to offer the following types of Fried Dried
coffee:
100% Pure Coffee
Decaffeinated
Flavoured
Organic
Fairtrade Coffee
Rainforest Coffee
Dual Certified Coffee
Triple Certified Coffee

Certifications
The company was granted the International Quality Systems Standard ISO
9001 : 2000 Quality Management System Certificate in January, 2003 by
American Quality Assessors AQA International, LLC, accredited by the
American National Accreditation Program for Registrars of Quality
Systems, ANSI-RAB, which was subsequently upgraded to International
Quality Systems Standard ISO 9001 : 2008 Quality Management System
Certificate in November, 2010.
CCL also has the stamp of approval from Food Cert.BV-Netherlands-FSS-
Food Safety System, in January 2004 for compliance with the Dutch
National Board of Experts HACCP - Analytical Critical Control Point
standards. The qualified HACCP System standard declares that it covers
the companys activities of procurement of green coffee, storage,





processing of Instant Soluble Coffee (cleaning, roasting, extraction, drying,
agglomeration and soluble coffee storage) including packing, packed
product storage and dispatch. CCL has also obtained the British Retail
Consortium BRC Certificate, a stringent Quality Certificate which enables
it to market its product in the UK and European supermarkets.
CCL can offer its customers speciality products with the following
certifications:

1. Organic Certification
Organic coffee is produced by management practices which help to
conserve and/or enhance soil structure, resilience and fertility by use of
cultivation practices that use only non-synthetic nutrients and plant
protection methods.
Further, though many producers grow coffee without use of synthetic
agrochemicals, this passive approach is not sufficient to consider the
produce organic in the absence of credible certification by an accredited
certification agency.
CCL Products is in a position to provide credible certification from an
accredited certification agency for our organic coffee products.

2. Fair Trade Certification
The Fair Trade organization works to ensure fair income / fair price to the
farmers and workers and to responsibly address the problems of coffee
farmers, workers in several developing countries. Offering fair price
ensures all-round development of coffee farmers and their families in
developing/ underdeveloped regions in Africa and Latin America.




54




The spirit of Fair Trade is:
(a) giving fair income / fair price to the farmers & workers, as well as,
(b) giving opportunity for fair consumption (consumption without
exploiting the farmer/ worker).

3. Rain Forest Alliance Certification
This certification is granted by the Rainforest Alliance, after an
independent third party awards its seal of approval, guaranteeing
consumers that the products they are buying are the result of practices
carried out according to a specific set of criteria, balancing ecological,
economic and social considerations.
Rainforest Alliance certification is a comprehensive process that promotes
and guarantees improvement in agriculture and forestry. CCL is
committed to sustainable development and we are in a position to offer
certification to the effect that our coffee was produced in compliance with
strict guidelines protecting the environment, wildlife, workers and local
communities.

















CCL Products has the capacity to offer coffee in sachets, packed in printed
carton boxes, as per the design, specifications and requirements of the
customer.
The bag-in-boxes are further packed in corrugated boxes and loaded into
the containers either directly or palletized, as per the requirements of the
custom




CCL Products has the capacity to offer coffee in sachets / pouches of varied
sizes, ranging from 1 gm to 1 kg. The sachets / pouches can be printed with
labels and design/ logo, as per the requirements of the customers.
CCL has the capacity to offer coffee in sachets / pouches of varied sizes,
with customized artwork







CCL Products has the capacity to offer coffee in cans of sizes, ranging
between 50 gms and 1 kg. The cans can be customized in varied shapes and
printed or embossed with labels and design/ logo, as per the requirements
of the customers. CCL Products is also in a position to offer cans in easy
open and RLD style.
CCL has the capacity to offer coffee in cans of varied sizes, shapes and
style.
Sizes : From 50 gms to 1 kg.
Shapes : Square, oval, round- insert pictures.
CCL is also in a position to offer cans in easy open and RLD style.
The cans are further packed in corrugated boxes and loaded into the
containers either directly or palletized, as per the requirements of the
customer.





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INDUSTRY PROFILE

The coffee industry of India is the sixth largest producer of coffee in the
world accounting for over four percent of world coffee production, with the
bulk of all production taking place in its Southern states. India is most noted
for its Indian Kathlekhan Superior variety. It is believed that coffee has
been cultivated in India longer than anywhere outside of the Arabian
peninsula.
Coffee production in India is dominated in the hill tracts of South
Indian states, with the state of Karnataka accounting 53% followed by
Kerala 28% and Tamil Nadu 11% of production of 8,200 tones. Indian coffee
is said to be the finest coffee grown in the shade rather than direct sunlight
anywhere in the world. There are approximately 250,000 coffee growers in
India; 98% of them are small growers. As of 2009, the production of coffee
in India was only 4.5% of the total production in the world. Almost 80% of
the country's coffee production is exported. Of that which is exported, 70%
is bound for Germany, Russian federation, Spain, Belgium, Slovenia,
United States, Japan, Greece, Netherlands and France, and Italy accounts
for 29% of the exports. Most of the export is shipped through the Suez Canal
Coffee is grown in three regions of India with Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil
Nadu forming the traditional coffee growing region of South India, followed




by the new areas developed in the non-traditional areas of Andhra
Pradesh and Orissa in the eastern coast of the country and with a third region
comprising the states of Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura,
Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh of Northeastern India, popularly known as
Seven Sister States of India".
Indian coffee, grown mostly in southern India under monsoon rainfall
conditions, is also termed as Indian monsooned coffee". Its flavour is
defined as: "The best Indian coffee reaches the flavour characteristics of
Pacific coffees, but at its worst it is simply bland and uninspiring

Coffee consumption to register a CAGR of 6% in the period CY12-
15.Coffee consumption has seen a robust growth during the past decade.
Coffee is being increasingly consumed in cafes and other commercial
establishments apart from South India where coffee is readily consumed by
households. The key drivers of this growth can be attributed to increase in
income along with growing middle class and urbanization. This also led to
the trend of emerging caf culture in the country.

Production & Export Scenario
Coffee production in India grew rapidly in the 1970s, increasing from
68,948 tones in 197172 to 120,000 tones in 197980 and grew by 4.6
percent in the 1980s.[ It grew by more than 30 percent in the 1990s,



rivalled only by Uganda in the growth of production. By 2007, organic
coffee was grown in about 2,600 hectares (6,400 acres) with an estimated
production of about 1700 tones. According to the 2008 statistics published
by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), the area of coffee green
harvested in India was 342,000 hectares (850,000 acres), with yield
estimates of 7,660 hectogram/ha, forming a total production estimate of
262,000 tones.

There are approximately 250,000 coffee growers in India; 98% of them are
small growers. Over 90 percent of them are small farms consisting of 10
acres (4.0 ha) or fewer. According to published statistics for 20012002,
the total area under coffee in India was 346,995 hectares (857,440 acres)
with small holdings of 175,475 accounting for 71.2%. The area under large
holding of more than 100 hectares (250 acres) was 31,571 hectares
(78,010 acres) (only 9.1% of all holdings) only under 167 holdings. The
area under less than 2 hectares (4.9 acres) holdings was 114,546 hectares
(283,050 acres) (33% of the total area) among 138,209 holders.




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The India Coffee House chain was first started by the Coffee Board in early
1940s, during British rule. In the mid-1950s, the Board closed down the
Coffee Houses, due to a policy change. However, the discharged
employees then took over the branches, under the leadership of the then
communist leader A. K. Gopalan and renamed the network as Indian Coffee
House. The first Indian Coffee Workers Co-Operative Society was
established in Bangalore on 19 August 1957. The first Indian Coffee House
was opened in New Delhi on 27 October 1957. Gradually, the Indian Coffee
House chain expanded across the country, with branches
in Pondicherry, Thrissur, Lucknow, Nagpur, Jabalpur, Mumbai, Kolkata, Tellicher
ry and Pune by the end of 1958. These coffee houses in the country are run
by 13 cooperative societies, which are governed by managing committees
elected from the employees. A federation of the co-operative societies is
the national umbrella organization to lead these societies.
However, now Coffee bars have gained in popularity with other chains such
as Barista; Caf Coffee Day is the country's largest coffee bar chain. In the
Indian home, coffee consumption is greater in south India than elsewhere.
indian coffee has a good reputation in Europe for its less acidic and
sweetness of character and thus widely used in Espresso Coffee, though
Americans prefer African and South American coffee, which is a more
acidic and brighter variety.


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Performance of the coffee industry

Consumption: Coffee has become increasingly popular in India over the last few
years. It is no longer a traditional beverage, but positioned as a youthful and trendy
beverage. According to the Coffee Board, domestic consumption is increasing 5 to
6 per cent annually, partly due to expansion of the caf culture and the spread of
the coffee drinking habit throughout India. Coffee consumption is estimated to be
108,000 tones (2010). Urban consumption dominates with about 73 per cent of
total volumes and the remaining from rural consumption. South India alone
consumes nearly 78 per cent of total coffee consumed in India.
Recent Trends: The coffee planting and bearing area in India has shown an upward
trend mostly due to expansion of cultivation in non-traditional States. Arabica
coffee productivity in the non-traditional areas is reported to be much lower than in
the traditional belt (9.2 quintals/ha), which has brought down the overall yield to
8.4 quintals/ha. Compared to an yield of 21 quintals in Vietnam and 13 quintals in
Brazil, productivity is low in India on account of limited mechanization, pest
infestation and labour shortage. Higher price realization during the past three to
four years has prompted coffee growers to follow better agronomic practices,
supporting higher production. However, labour costs, which account for almost 65
per cent of the cost of coffee cultivation have continued to escalate in the past few
years.





Policy: The Indian Government/Coffee Board provides various subsidies, mostly
to small and marginal coffee producers to increase production and improve quality.
In addition, the Ministry of Commerce has included coffee in the list of products
eligible for the duty entitlement passbook (DEPB) scheme and the Vishesh Krishi
Upaj Gramodyog Yojana (VKUGY).Total duty credit under the programmes is
subject to a maximum of 7.5 per cent.
















Coffee Production In Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh has non-traditional areas for growing coffee. Coffee is grown here
in the Eastern Ghats, agency areas of Chintapalli, Paderu and Maredumilli of
Visakhapatnam and East Godavari Districts the main objective to introduce coffee
was to wean away the tribals from felling of forests for shifting cultivation (Podu)
by providing them with gainful employment and thus to protect the catchment area
of Sileru River by proper soil and moisture conservation.
The AP Forest Department had raised coffee plantations over an area of 1296 ha.
as an under crop from 1960 to 1978. These plantations were handed over to AP
Forest Development Corporation for maintenance. Further, during the period from
1978 to 1984, APFDC had also raised the plantations to an extent of 2716.18 ha.
Thus, at present with 4012.18 ha., of coffee plantations, APFDC is the single
largest grower of coffee in Andhra Pradesh and also in the non-traditional areas.
The yield per hectare from APFDC Plantations is more than 300 kgs which is
much more when compared to 140 kgs / Ha obtained by private growers. In order
to improve the yields from these plantations further, i.e., upto 600 - 800 kgs., per
hectare, APFDC has embarked upon a programme of planting high yielding variety
of coffee known as "Kaveri".
The following are the planting details of Kavery and other varieties in the gaps of
coffee plantations during the last five years to improve the productivity.





Coffee plantations located in the agency areas are not only creating six lakh man-
days of employment to the local tribals every year, protecting the forest area from
encroachment, but also are providing a coverage of insurance against soil erosion
and helping in moisture conservation. These plantations are also giving substantial
revenue from the sale of coffee. The following are the details of Coffee yields and
revenues realised during the past five

Export Analysis
Coffee is one of the most widely traded agricultural commodities in the
world. It is farmed in 80 countries and exported by over 50 in Central and
South America, Africa and Asia. The 25 million coffee farmers in the
developing countries are mostly smallscale producers. More than a 100
million people are engaged in producing and processing coffee. Clearly, the
production of coffee has a significant impact on the economic development
of the producing areas and their environment.
Coffee bean prices often below low cost of production unleaded a series of
adverse consequences among rural workers and small scale farmers. As
handful of transnational corporations control the market. This project is
about the Indian exports of coffee in the world as India accounts for about
4.5 percent of world coffee production and the industry provides



employment to 6 lakh workforce. It was seen from the exports figures that
India exports major portion of green coffee instead of processed coffee.
Due to that the growers of India as well as exports are not getting the
maximum profit being coffee beans.
Being an important export commodity, coffee was the top agricultural
export for twelve countries in 2004, and it was the worlds seventhlargest
legal agricultural export by value in 2005. Coffee ranks second only to
petroleum in terms of legallytraded products worldwide. As most of the
coffee producing and exporting nations are poorer countries, and coffee
importing nations are the wealthier countries, coffee represents a product
with the potential to alleviate the income disparity between these nation.




26






DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION
The domestic consumption of coffee has been increased to around 80,000
tones as per the coffee consumption survey conducted during 2005. The
Board has initiated several steps/programmes for increasing the domestic
consumption of coffee which includes organizing coffee
festivals/exhibitions, imparting training for coffee brewing to the hotel
sector, publicity through material and public relation campaigns, conducting
market survey in urban areas, participation in all major internal trade fairs
and strengthening the performance of coffee houses operated by the
Board. The targeted domestic coffee consumption for 200708 is 85,000
tones
About 75 per cent of the total coffee produced in the country is exported to
over 88 countries of the world. As such, the import of coffee has been
insignificant. In order to discourage import of coffee of other origin, the
import duty @100 per cent is payable. The top five export markets for
Indian Coffee are the Russian Federation, Italy, Germany,Belgium, and
Spain. The Coffee Board has stepped up its efforts to keep the Indian
brand a float by holding Fine Cup Awards Flavour of India in different
global coffee markets commencing 2003 as an annual event .During
200708, a total quantity of 2,49,030 tones of coffee (including



reexports)was exported from India valued at Rs.2007.90 crore. During the
year 200809, a total6 quantity of 1,24,534 tones (including reexports) has
been exported as on 30.11.2007earning a foreign exchange of Rs.
1097.47crore
From its inception, the company viewed overseas markets as a vital growth
area, and it started exporting. Russia became an important customer,
particularly focanned packs, of 50,100 and 200grm. CCL also supplies
coffee in bulk packing, particularly to Europe and North America.



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