Part KF

FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Licensed by Information Handling Services
PART KF
Article KF-1 General Fabrication Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
KF-100 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
KF-101 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
KF-110 Material. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
KF-111 Certication and Examination of Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
KF-112 Material Identication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
KF-112.1 Method of Transferring Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
KF-112.2 Transfer of Markings by Other Than the Manufacturer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
KF-112.3 Material Identication Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
KF-113 Repair of Defective Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
KF-120 Material Forming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
KF-121 Material Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
KF-121.1 Examination of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
KF-121.2 Material Cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
KF-121.3 Finish of Exposed Inside Edges of Nozzles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
KF-130 Tolerances for Cylindrical and Spherical Shells and Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
KF-131 Cylindrical Shells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
KF-132 Spherical Shells and Formed Heads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Article KF-2 Supplemental Welding Fabrication Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
KF-200 General Requirements for All Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
KF-201 Welding Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
KF-202 Restrictions Based on Carbon Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
KF-203 Examination of Weld Edge Preparation Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
KF-204 Final Weld Finish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
KF-205 Identication, Handling, and Storing of Electrodes and Other Welding Materials. . . 117
KF-206 Permissible Ambient Conditions During Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
KF-210 Welding Qualications and Records. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
KF-211 Manufacturers Responsibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
KF-212 Qualication Test Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
KF-213 Production Welding Prior to Qualication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
KF-214 Qualication of Welding Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
KF-215 Test of Welders and Welding Operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
KF-216 Maintenance of Qualication and Production Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
KF-220 Weld Joints Permitted and Their Examination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
KF-221 Type No. 1 Butt Joints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
KF-222 Full-Penetration Groove Welds Attaching Nozzles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
KF-222.1 Weld Procedure Qualications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
KF-222.2 Weld Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
KF-223 Type No. 2 Butt Joints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
KF-224 Quality and Examination Requirements for Fillet Welds Used in Combination
With Full-Penetration Groove Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
KF-225 Liquid Penetrant Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
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KF-226 Surface Weld Metal Buildup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
KF-230 Requirements During Welding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
KF-231 Preparation of Reverse Side of Double-Welded Joints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
KF-232 Cleaning of Surfaces to Be Welded. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
KF-233 Alignment During Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
KF-234 Alignment Tolerances for Edges to Be Butt Welded. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
KF-235 Precautions to Be Taken When Welding Is Restarted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
KF-236 Removal of Temporary Attachments and Arc Strikes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
KF-237 Peening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
KF-238 Identication Markings or Records for Welders and Welding Operators. . . . . . . . . . . 121
KF-240 Repair of Weld Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
KF-241 Removal of Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
KF-242 Rewelding of Areas to Be Repaired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
KF-243 Examination of Repaired Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
KF-244 Postweld Heat Treatment of Repaired Welds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
KF-245 Documentation of Repairs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Article KF-3 Fabrication Requirements for Materials With Protective Linings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
KF-300 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
KF-301 Types of Joints Permitted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
KF-302 Weld Metal Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
KF-303 400 Series Alloy Filler Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
KF-310 Qualication of Welding Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
KF-311 Procedure to Be Qualied Per Section IX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
KF-312 Qualication of Procedure for Attaching Linings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
KF-313 Requirements for Composite Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
KF-313.1 Procedure Qualication for Groove Welds in Base Material With Corrosion-
Resistant Integral Cladding or Weld Metal Overlay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
KF-313.2 Performance Qualication for Composite Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
KF-313.3 Test Plates for Composite Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
KF-320 Integrally Clad Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
KF-330 Postweld Heat Treatment of Linings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
KF-331 When Base Metal Must Be Postweld Heat Treated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
KF-332 Requirements When Base Metal or Lining Is Chromium-Alloy Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
KF-333 Heat Treatment That May Affect Vessel Stress Redistribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
KF-340 Examination Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
KF-341 Examination of Base Materials Protected by Welded Overlay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
KF-342 Examination of Chromium-Alloy Cladding Overlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
KF-342.1 Straight Chromium-Alloy Filler Metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
KF-342.2 Austenitic ChromiumNickel Steel Filler Metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
KF-350 Inspection and Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
KF-351 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
KF-352 Leak Test of Protective Lining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
KF-360 Stamping and Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Article KF-4 Heat Treatment of Weldments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
KF-400 Heat Treatment of Weldments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
KF-401 Requirements for Preheating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
KF-402 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
KF-402.1 When Holding Temperatures and Times May Be Exceeded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
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KF-402.2 Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts When Attached to Different P-Number Groups
and Nonpressure Parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
KF-402.3 Denition of Nominal Thickness Governing Postweld Heat Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
KF-410 Heating Procedures for Postweld Heat Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
KF-411 Methods of Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
KF-411.1 Heating Entire Vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
KF-411.2 Heating Vessel Portions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
KF-411.3 Heating Components and Circumferential Welds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
KF-411.4 Heating Vessel Internally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
KF-411.5 Local Heating of Nozzles and External Attachments on Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
KF-411.6 Local Area Heating of Double Curvature Heads or Shells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
KF-411.7 Heating of Other Congurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
KF-412 Heat Treatment That May Affect Vessel Stress Redistribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
KF-413 Heating and Cooling Rates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
KF-420 Postweld Heat Treatment After Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Article KF-5 Additional Fabrication Requirements for Autofrettaged Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
KF-500 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
KF-510 Examination and Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
KF-520 Autofrettage Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
KF-521 Documentation of Number of Pressurizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
KF-530 Examination After Autofrettage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
KF-540 Repair of Defects After Autofrettage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
KF-550 Stamping and Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Article KF-6 Additional Fabrication Requirements for Quenched and Tempered Steels . . . . . 130
KF-600 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
KF-601 Marking on Plates and Other Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
KF-602 Requirements for Heat Treating After Forming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
KF-603 Minimum Thickness After Forming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
KF-610 Welding Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
KF-611 Qualication of Welding Procedures and Welders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
KF-612 Filler Metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
KF-613 Preparation of Base Metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
KF-613.1 Precautions Necessary When Using Gas Cutting or Gouging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
KF-614 Weld Finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
KF-615 Toughness Requirements for Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
KF-620 Temporary Welds Where Not Prohibited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
KF-630 Postweld Heat Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
KF-640 Examination and Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
KF-641 Examination After Heat Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
KF-642 Check of Heat Treatment by Hardness Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
KF-650 Stamping and Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Article KF-7 Supplementary Requirements for Materials With Welding Restrictions . . . . . . . . 133
KF-700 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
KF-710 Repair of Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
KF-711 Localized Thin Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
KF-712 Repair of Defects by Welding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
KF-720 Methods of Forming Forged Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
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Article KF-8 Special Fabrication Requirements for Layered Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
KF-800 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
KF-810 Rules for Shrink-Fit Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
KF-811 Fabrication of Individual Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
KF-812 Shrink-Fit Process Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
KF-813 Assembly Procedure and Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
KF-814 Examination of Vessels With Three or More Layers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
KF-820 Rules for Concentrically Wrapped Welded Layered Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
KF-821 Welding Fabrication Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
KF-822 Welding Procedure Qualication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
KF-823 Welder Performance Qualication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
KF-824 Venting Between Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
KF-825 Nondestructive Examination of Welded Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
KF-825.1 Inner Shells and Inner Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
KF-825.2 Category A Weld Joints in Layers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
KF-825.3 Step Welded Girth Joints in Layers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
KF-825.4 Through-Thickness Butt Joints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
KF-825.5 Flat Head and Tubesheet Weld Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
KF-825.6 Welds Attaching Nonpressure Parts and Stiffeners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
KF-825.7 Transition Welds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
KF-825.8 Random Spot Examination and Repair of Weld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
KF-826 Gaps Between Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
KF-827 Circumferential Expansion During Hydrotest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
KF-830 Heat Treatment of Weldments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Article KF-9 Special Fabrication Requirements for Wire-Wound Vessels and Frames. . . . . . . 144
KF-900 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
KF-910 Fabrication Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
KF-911 Welding Fabrication Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
KF-912 Welded Wire Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
KF-913 Winding Procedure Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Article KF-10 Special Requirements for Helically Wound Interlocking Strip Vessels . . . . . . . . . 146
KF-1000 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
KF-1001 General Fabrication Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
KF-1010 Inner Cylinder and Extensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
KF-1020 Winding Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
KF-1021 Hot Winding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
KF-1022 Winding Under Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
KF-1030 Mechanical Properties of the Winding Strip. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
KF-1031 Hot Wound Strip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
KF-1032 Strip Wound Under Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
KF-1033 Frequency of Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
KF-1040 Butt Welding of Interlocking Strips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
KF-1050 Prole of the Winding Strip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
KF-1060 Hydrostatic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
KF-1061 Vent Holes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
KF-1062 Nozzles and Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
KF-1063 Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
112
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Figures
KF-131 Examples of Differences Between Maximum and Minimum Diameters in
Cylindrical Shells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
KF-822(a) Solid-to-Layered and Layered-to-Layered Test Plates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
KF-822(b) Test Specimens for Weld Procedure Qualication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
KF-825.4(a) Indications of Layer Wash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
KF-825.4(b) Angled Radiographic Technique for Detecting Layer Wash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
KF-826 Gap Area Between Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
KF-1000 Helically Wound Interlocking Strip Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
KF-1010 Inner Cylinder and Extensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Tables
KF-234 Maximum Allowable Offset in Welded Joints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
KF-402.1 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and
Attachments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
KF-630 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Quenched and Tempered
Materials in Table KCS-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
113
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ARTICLE KF-1
GENERAL FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS
KF-100 GENERAL
(a) Types of fabrication covered by Part KF are not
unique to this Division. The uniqueness of this Division
lies in the credit that may be taken for favorable
residual stresses that are introduced during fabrication
when there is no welding and in permitting the Designer
to utilize the full capability of high strength materials
as primary pressure retaining boundaries.
(b) Since all vessels conforming to the rules of this
Division require fatigue analysis and since most will
be heavy wall construction, many of the requirements
of this Part are intended to produce vessels which
are consistent with the Designers assumption that no
subsurface aw exists that would be more likely to
propagate in fatigue than the assumed surface aws
restricted by the requirements of Part KE.
(c) The Manufacturer must have the ability to control
the residual stress distribution and ensure that the
material properties and material defects in the vessel
and vessel components are consistent with the basis
of the design.
KF-101 Scope
(a) Article KF-1 gives general fabrication require-
ments for all vessels in this Division.
(b) Article KF-2 gives supplemental requirements for
all welded vessels in the Division. This includes those
made of rolled and welded plate and those made of
weldable forgings, such as ring forgings joined by
circumferential welds and forgings for fully radio-
graphable nozzles. Materials that are permitted for
welded construction are listed in Part KM.
(c) Article KF-3 gives supplemental requirements for
protective liners.
(d) Article KF-4 gives requirements for the postweld
heat treatment of all weldments, including repair welds.
(e) Article KF-5 gives supplemental requirements for
autofrettaged vessels.
(f) Article KF-6 gives supplemental requirements for
vessels made from either plate or forged materials whose
114
tensile properties have been enhanced by quenching and
tempering processes.
(g) Article KF-7 gives supplemental requirements
that are specic to materials which are used to fabricate
vessels where welded fabrication is not permitted by
Part KM.
(h) Article KF-8 gives supplemental requirements for
layered vessels. Since the design allowable stresses in
this Division are based on yield strength and not limited
by tensile properties, the requirements of the Article
are more restrictive than the layered vessel requirements
in other Divisions of this Code.
(i) Article KF-9 gives requirements for wire-wound
vessels and frames.
(j) Article KF-10 gives requirements for strip-wound
vessels.
KF-110 MATERIAL
KF-111 Certication and Examination of
Materials
The Manufacturer shall require certication of all
materials including weld materials to ensure compliance
with the requirements of Part KM. In addition, all
materials shall be examined in accordance with Part
KE. The certied results of these tests and examinations
shall be documented in the Manufacturers Construction
Records (see KG-325).
KF-112 Material Identication
(a) Where possible, material for pressure parts shall
be laid out so that when the vessel is completed,
the original identication markings required in the
specications for the material will be plainly visible. In
case the original identication markings are unavoidably
removed or the material is divided into two or more
parts, prior to cutting, the Manufacturer shall accurately
transfer one set of markings to a location where the
markings will be visible on the completed vessel.
Alternatively, a coded marking, acceptable to the Inspec-
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KF-112 PART KF FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS KF-121.2
tor, shall be used to ensure identication of each
piece of material during fabrication and subsequent
identication of the markings on the completed vessel.
Except as indicated in KF-112.1, material may be
marked by any method acceptable to the Inspector.
The Inspector need not witness the transfer of the
marks, but shall be satised that this has been done
correctly.
(b) All parts completed elsewhere shall be marked
with the part manufacturers name and the part identi-
cation. Should identifying marks be obliterated in the
fabrication process and for small parts, other means of
identication shall be used.
KF-112.1 Method of Transferring Markings.
Where the service conditions prohibit die stamping for
material identication, and when so specied by the
User, the Material Manufacturer and the Manufacturer
shall mark the required data on the material in a manner
which will allow positive identication upon delivery.
The markings shall be recorded so that each piece of
material will be positively identied in its position in
the nished vessel to the satisfaction of the Inspector.
Transfer of markings for material that is to be divided
shall be done in accordance with KF-112(a). See Article
KS-1 for allowable types of markings.
KF-112.2 Transfer of Markings by Other Than
the Manufacturer. When material is formed into shapes
by anyone other than the Manufacturer and the original
markings as required by the applicable material speci-
cation are unavoidably cut out, or the material is divided
into two or more parts, the Manufacturer of the shape
shall either:
(a) transfer the original identication markings to
another location on the shape, or
(b) provide for identication by the use of a coded
marking traceable to the original required marking,
using a marking method agreed upon and described in
the quality control system of the Manufacturer of the
completed pressure vessel.
The mill certication of the physical and chemical
requirements of this material, in conjunction with the
above modied marking requirements, shall be consid-
ered sufcient to identify these shapes. Manufacturers
Partial Data Reports and parts stamping shall be as
required by KM-102 and KS-120.
KF-112.3 Material Identication Records. An as-
built sketch or a tabulation of materials shall be made,
identifying the location of each piece of material that
is traceable to the certied material test report or
certicate of compliance and the Code marking.
115
KF-113 Repair of Defective Material
Material in which defects exceeding the limits of
Article KE-2 are known or are discovered during the
process of fabrication is unacceptable. Unless prohibited
by the material specication in Section II, the Users
Design Specication, or Part KM, defects may be
removed and the material repaired by the Manufacturer
or by the Material Manufacturer with the approval of
the Manufacturer. All repairs shall be made in accord-
ance with the provisions of Article KE-2 and docu-
mented in the Manufacturers Construction Records.
KF-120 MATERIAL FORMING
All materials for shell sections and for heads shall
be formed to the required shape by any process that
will not unduly impair the mechanical properties of
the material.
KF-121 Material Preparation
KF-121.1 Examination of Materials
(a) All materials to be used in constructing the
pressure vessel shall be examined before forming or
fabrication for the purpose of detecting, as far as
possible, defects which exceed the acceptable limits of
Article KE-2. All edges cut during fabrication (including
the edges of openings cut through the thickness) shall
be examined in accordance with KE-310. All defects
exceeding the limits of KE-310 shall be documented
and repaired.
(b) Cut edges of base materials with thicknesses over
1
1

2
in. (38 mm) shall be examined for discontinuities
by a magnetic particle or by a liquid penetrant method
in accordance with KE-233. This examination is not
required for the cut edges of openings 3 in. (76 mm)
in diameter and smaller. However, the material shall
be ultrasonically examined over 100% of the area in
which the opening is to be cut, in accordance with
KE-232. If indications are found which exceed the
acceptable limits of KE-232, the indications shall be
repaired in accordance with KF-113. Nonlaminar discon-
tinuities and laminar discontinuities are treated differ-
ently for plates and forgings. See Article KE-2 for
acceptance criteria for each of these. Threaded connec-
tions that seal against pressure shall not have any
discontinuities.
KF-121.2 Material Cutting. Plates, edges of heads,
and other parts may be cut to shape and size by
mechanical means such as machining, shearing, grind-
ing, or by thermal cutting. After thermal cutting, all
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KF-121.2 2001 SECTION VIII DIVISION 3 KF-132
slag and detrimental discoloration of material which
has been molten shall be removed by mechanical means
suitable to the material, prior to further fabrication or
use. When thermal cutting is used, the effect on mechan-
ical properties shall be taken into consideration. The
edges to be welded shall be uniform and smooth.
KF-121.3 Finish of Exposed Inside Edges of Noz-
zles. Exposed inside edges of nozzles other than as
provided for in Figs. KD-1130 and KD-1131 shall be
radiused (grinding permitted) to at least t /4 or
3

4
in.
(19 mm), whichever is less, when the inner end of the
nozzle neck is ush with the inside wall of the shell.
When the inner end of the nozzle neck protrudes beyond
the inside wall of the shell toward the center of
curvature, it shall be radiused (grinding permitted) on
both inner and outer surfaces of the neck end to at
least t
n
/4 or
3

8
in. (10 mm), whichever is smaller.
KF-130 TOLERANCES FOR CYLINDRICAL
AND SPHERICAL SHELLS AND
HEADS
KF-131 Cylindrical Shells
The difference between the maximum and minimum
inside diameters at any cross section shall not exceed
1% of the nominal inside diameter at the cross section
under consideration. The diameters may be measured
on the inside or outside of the vessel. If measured on
the outside, the diameters shall be corrected for the
required minimum material thickness at the cross section
under consideration (see Fig. KF-131). Fabrication devi-
ations from the stated tolerances are prohibited, unless
provision is made for the deviations in the design
calculations and are agreed to by the User, Manufacturer,
and Inspector (see Article KD-2).
116
FIG. KF-131 EXAMPLES OF DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM DIAMETERS
IN CYLINDRICAL SHELLS
KF-132 Spherical Shells and Formed Heads
(a) Deviations from the specied shape of the inner
surface of spherical shells and formed heads shall not
exceed +1
1

4
% and
5

8
% of the nominal inside diameter
of the vessel. Such deviations shall be measured perpen-
dicular to the specied shape and shall not be abrupt.
(b) Deviation measurements shall be taken on the
surface of the base metal and not on welds.
(c) The straight ange or cylindrical end of a formed
head or the edge of a spherical shell shall be circular
within the tolerance specied in KF-131.
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