I Ðû¦è[ª- þ¼÷ªî¦ô¢Ù 18 Vöµj 2005

Durga: Look at Leela's dress. Isn't it (= Is it
not) really wonderful?
(Mõ vèµúÃ àŸ«è[ª, à¦ö° ò°ÞœªÙC ÚÛë¯!)
Valli: Ok I like it really. In fact, I wish now to
buy one such dress for myself.
(û¦ÚÛª à¦ö° ì#aÙC. Ïí£±pè¶ Íö°Ùæ¨
vèµúÃ Ú•û¶óŸ«õE ÑÙC.)
Durga: Renuka too likes it. I desire one like
that too. I feel like buying it, but I
haven't (= do not have) the money.
(¸ôéªÚÛ ÚÛ«è¯ Î vèµúà ÍÙç¶ Ïù£d-í£-è[ª-
êÁÙC. û¦ÚÛ« Ú•û¦-õE ÑÙC. Ïí£±pè¶ Ú•û¶-
óŸ«-õEí‡þ¼hÙC. Ú¥F è[ñªs ö¶ë]ª.) feel
like +...ing = Ôëµjû¦ à¶óŸ«-õ-E-í‡Ù-àŸè[Ù.
feel like going to bed = Evë] ð¼î¦õEí‡-
þ¼hÙC)
Valli: I really envy Leela for the dress.
(û¦ÚÛª Mõ vèµúà ÍÙç¶ Ðô¢{uÞ¥ ÑÙC.
Envy = Ðô¢{u/-Ðô¢{u í£è[è[Ù)
Ð ú£ÙòÅ°-ù£-éö˺ like, wish, desire, have,
envy, feel - Ð verbs ÍFo Ïí£±pè[ª áô¢ª-Þœª-꟪ìo
Nù£óŸ«õû¶ àµñªêŸª-û¦oô³. Ïí£±pè[ª áJ¸Þ Nù£-óŸ«-
õìª êµL›í verbs Óí£±pè[« am + ing, is + ing,
ô¦sÄö˺x feel, (feel ÍÙç¶ × Íìª-òÅ¡«-AE, ú£pô¢zìª
êµLóŸª-â¶-ú‡-ì-í£±pè[ª) prefer -
Oæ¨ûµí£±pè[« ÷ªìÙ am + ing, is + ing, are + ing
ö˺ î¦è[Ù Íû¶ Nù£óŸªÙ ÚÛ#aêŸÙÞ¥ Þœªô¢ªh-ší-åªd-ÚÁ-î¦L.
a) Î ÍêŸè…E v›íNª-þ¼hÙC.
She loves him.
(She is loving him Ú¥ë]ª. v›íNªÙ-àŸè[Ù Ïí£±pè[ª
áô¢ª-Þœª-꟪û¦o ú£¸ô.)
b) î¦üŒ‰x ð§ú£-÷±-ê¦-÷ªE ÎP-ú£ªh-û¦oô¢ª.
They hope to pass.
(They are hoping to pass Ú¥ë]ª. î¦üŒ‰x
ÎPÙàŸè[Ù Ïí£±pè¶ Íô³û¦)
šíj list ö˺ NªÞœê¦ verbs ÚÛª ÚÛ«è¯ Ïë¶ rule.
Actions of the mind (Îö˺-àŸ-ì-õÚÛª, ñªClÄÚ¨ ú£ÙñÙ- ÷àŸªa. Am/ is/ are + knowing î¦è[Ù. Íö°¸Þ sale = Í÷ªtÚÛÙ
CÅÙ-#ì àŸô¢uõìª) êµL›í verbs ÚÛª ÚÛ«è¯ am + am/ is/ are understanding Óí£±pè[« ô¦ë]ª. bargain = ò¶ô¢Ù, ò¶ô¢Ù à¶óŸªè[Ù
ing, is + ing, are + ing form ö¶ë]ª. ÍN– Ïö°¸Þ NªÞœ-ê¦-î¦æ¨ Nù£-óŸªÙö˺. (A good bargain, a bad bargain best bargain
1) know = êµL-óŸªè[Ù am + ing, is + ing, are + ing forms ö˺ î¦è[E etc.)
2) understand = Íô¢nÙ à¶ú£ª-ÚÁ-÷è[Ù ÷ªJ-Ú•Eo verbs Ñû¦oô³. ÍN êµõª-ú£ª-Ú•û¶ ÷³Ùë]ª, good/ bad at bargaining = ò°Þ¥ ò¶ô¢Ù
3) remember = â°cí£ÚÛÙ à¶ú£ªÚÁ-÷è[Ù Ð Ú¨ÙC î¦Ú¥u-õìª English ö˺ GÞœ_-ô¢Þ¥ practice à¶óŸªÞœõÞœè[Ù/ ò°Þ¥ ò¶ô¢Ù à¶óŸªö¶ÚÛ-ð¼-÷è[Ù
4) forget = ÷ªô¢-#-ð¼-÷è[Ù bargain- pronunciation – ò°ÞœûËÂ)
à¶óŸªÙè….
5) decide = Eô¢g-ô³Ù-àŸè[Ù 1. ÍêŸìª ð§ôȦEo àŸÚÛ\Þ¥ Íô¢nÙ à¶ú£ªÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦oè[ª.
6) doubt = ú£Ùë¶-Ù-àŸè[Ù 2. î¦è… ÞœªJÙ# î¦è[ª Ô÷ªìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦oè[ª? (think
7) think = Îö˺-#Ù-àŸè[Ù î¦è[Ùè…)
3. ìª÷±y Ð ·ôþ§d-·ôÙæËÀö˺ Ú¥íƈ Ïù£dí£è[ªêŸª-û¦oî¦?

ÍEoàÁæ°x ô¦ë]ª!!
are + ing form (present continuous) ö˺ ÑÙè¯- 8) suppose = Íìª-ÚÁ-÷è[Ù
õE êµõª-ú£ª-ÚÛªû¦oÙ. Íô³-ì-í£p-æ¨Ú© šíj ú£ÙòÅ°ù£é-ö˺E 9) believe = ì÷ªtè[Ù 4. ÍêŸè… ›íô¢ª û¦ÚÛª Þœªô¢ªh ô¦÷è[Ù ö¶ë]ª. (remem-

ing
verbs- like, wish ö°Ùæ¨N ÷ªì-ú£ªÚÛª, òÅ°î¦õÚÛª 10) imagine = ÒÙ-àŸè[Ù
am/ is/ are
ú£ÙñÙ-CÅÙ-#ì verbs ö˺ Ú•Eo Ú¥ñæ¨d, Íö°Ùæ¨
ô¦ë]ª)
verbs ìª am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing ô¢«í£Ùö˺ ÍÙç¶ Ð verbs ö˺ ë¶Fo am + ing, is + ing, are
+ ing form
î¦è[Ù. Íö°Ùæ¨ ú£Ùë]-ô¦sÄö˺x Regular Doing
ö˺ î¦è[Ù.
Words (like, likes, wish, wishes, desire,
î¦üŒ‰x û¦ ÷«åõª Íô¢lÄÙ à¶ú£ª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦oô¢ª.
desires, envy, envies) Þ¥û¶ î¦è[ê¦Ù. Ïö°Ùæ¨ They understand my words. (They are under-
standing my words
verbs
÷ªJ-Ú•Eo– Ú¥ë]ª)
dislike, love, hate, hope, want, appreciate am/ is/ are understanding
ô¦ë]ª.
admire
(J{Ù-àŸè[Ù), (îµªàŸªaÚÁ÷è[Ù) Ú•Eo ú£Ùë]- ÍêŸ-è…Ú¨ ÏÙÚ¥ û¦ ›íô¢ª Þœªô¢ªhÙC.
He still remembers my name. (He is still
remembering my name
ÍìÙ ÚÛë¯)
Íö°¸Þ šíj list ö˺ Ñìo
NªÞœê¦ verbs ìª ÚÛ«è¯ am
+ ing, is + ing, are + ing
form
ö˺ î¦è[Ù.
ví£øŒo: Simple present tense ö˺
a) û¦ Qö°û¶o ú£Ùë¶--ú£ªh-
noun í£ÚÛ\ì
û¦oî¦?
verb ÚÛª s ÑÙè¯L ÚÛë¯. DEo English ö˺ Óö°
Ñë¯: Rama sells mangoes. M. SURESAN
àµñªê¦Ù? ÏÚÛ\è[
God bless you ÍÙæ°ô¢ª, God blesses 'doubt' î¦è¯L ÚÛë¯. am doubting/ is
you Íû¦L ÚÛë¯! doubting/ are doubting 'doubt'
– û¦÷« ú£ÙêÁ-ùÃ-ö°öËÀ,
ÍìÙ.
question do
Íè[y-¸ÚæËÀ, Ná-óŸª-î¦è[
ö˺ î¦è¯L. ÍÙç¶
sentence-
áî¦ñª: simple present ö˺ verb ÚÛª 's' à¶ô¦aL.
ÚÛ·ôÚÂd. Íô³ê¶ "God bless you" Íû¶ sentence
statement Ú¥ë]ª. ÍC 'May God bless you' Íû¶
Dîµì. Íö° DNÙ-à¶-å-í£±pè[ª 'May God bless you'
ö˺ 'May' ÷C-ö¶ú‡ 'God bless you' ÍÙåªÙæ°Ù. ÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£é 19
ÍÙë]ª-÷õx ÏÚÛ\è[ 'blesses' ô¦ë]ª.
ví£øŒo: Not bad ÍÙç¶ very good ÍE àŸCî¦Ù. Do you doubt my character ?
(Are you doubting my character
Oªô¢ª not bad ÍÙç¶ í£ô¢-î¦-ö¶ë]ª ÍE
b) OªÚÛª ÙD êµõªþ§?
ô¦ø‹ô¢ª. Ð ·ôÙè…Ù-æ¨ö˺ ÔC ÚÛ·ôÚÂd. Do you know Hindi? (Are you knowing
– è….ÎôÂ., áT-ê¦uõ
áî¦ñª: 'Not bad' ÍÙç¶ í£ô¢î¦-ö¶ë]ª ÍE Íô¢nÙ
Ú¥ë]ª.)
c)
î¦è[ª ììoô¢nÙ à¶ú£ªÚÁ-÷è[Ù ö¶ë]ª.
Ú¥ë]ª. Very good Íû¶. He is not understanding me
ÍìÚÛ«-è[ë]ª.
ví£øŒo: The E Óö° ÑàŸa-JÙ-à¦L. à¦ö° ÷ªÙC ‘ë]’ am/ is/ are + understanding
ÓÙë]ª-ÚÛÙç¶
ÍE í£õª-ÚÛª-ê¦ô¢ª. ‘C’ Íì-ÚÛ«-è[ë¯? English He does
Ú¥ë]ª Ú¥ñæ¨d. ÷ª¸ô-÷ªÙæ°Ù?
– ·Ú.N. ô¢÷ªé, áóŸª-í£±ô¢Ù, ÖJþ§q not understand (= understand + not) me.
d)
áî¦ñª: ÏÙêŸÚÛª÷³Ùë]ª DE ÞœªJÙ# WûË 16ì
ìªî¶y-÷ª-ìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦o÷±?
What do you think?
ví£àŸª-JÙ-#ì ÷´èÁ òÅ°ÞœÙö˺ N÷JÙà¦Ù. Í, Î, Ï, (What are you thinking
ÍìÙ.)
÷³Üu Nù£óŸªÙ
Ð, Ñ, Ò, Ó, Ô, Õ, Ö, ×, Ø– Ð êµõªÞœª
øŒò°lõêÁ vð§ô¢ÙòÅ¡Ù Íó¶ªu English ÷«åõ
÷³Ùë]ª 'the' E ‘C’ Þ¥ í£õª-ÚÛªê¦Ù. NªÞœê¦ ÷«åõ verbs
šíjì àµí‡pì Nù£-óŸªÙö˺
÷³Ùë]ª ‘ë]’ ÍÙæ°Ù. thinking, understanding etc.
The (C) apple, ant, egg, air, owl, umbrel-
ú£Ùë]-ô¦sÄEo ñæ¨d î¦è[-÷àŸªa.
la etc.
The (ë]) tree, book, shop, college etc. î¦è[-ÚÛ«-è[-EC: Ð 'ing' forms ÷³Ùë]ª, am, is,
(à¦ö°-÷ª-åªÚÛª
ber) î¦è[Ùè….
5. ÔÙæ¨ö° ÍEo Nù£óŸ«õª ÷ªJað¼êŸªû¦o÷±?
(why êÁ vð§ô¢Ù-GÅÙ-àŸÙè…)
6. ÍêŸ-è…E ìª÷±y ÓÙë]ªÚÛª Íìª-÷«-E-ú£ªh-û¦o÷±?
7. û¦ÚÛª ÏÚÛ\è[ àŸë]-î¦-õEí‡ÙàŸè[Ù ö¶ë]ª. (feel like
= ÍE-í‡Ù-àŸè[Ù)
8. î¦è[ª ììªo ú£JÞ¥ Íô¢nÙ à¶ú£ªÚÁ-÷è[Ù ö¶ë]ª.
9. Î Ïí£±pè[ª ÏÙæ¨Ú¨ îµü‹xõE Íìª-ÚÛªÙ-æ˺Ùë¯?
(think î¦è[Ùè…).
10. ÍêŸ-ìÙ-ë]-J-ÚÛÙç¶ Þ•í£pî¦è…E Íìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦oè¯?
(suppose Ñí£-óµ«-TÙ-àŸÙè….)
11. F ví£÷-ô¢hì ÍêŸ-è…Ú¨ ìàŸaè[Ù ö¶ë]ª. (dislike
î¦è[Ùè….)
12. û¦ ÷«åõª ìª÷±y ì÷ªtè[Ù ö¶ë¯? (believe/
doubt) î¦è[Ùè…)
13. ìª÷±y æ© ÚÛû¦o Ú¥íƈû¶ ÓÙë]ªÚ¨ù£dí£-è[ª-꟪-û¦o÷±?
(prefer î¦è[Ùè…)
14. FÚÛª F í£Jú‡nA êµLóŸªè[Ù ö¶ë]ª (know Ñí£-óµ«-
TÙ-àŸÙè….)
15. Ïô¦-Ú©õª Í-J-ÚÛ-ìxìª ë¶yù‡-ú£ªh-û¦oô¦?
Answers:
1. He understands the lesson well.
ô¦î¦L. Ú¥ñæ¨d
2. What does he think of himself? ( is think-
ing ô¦ë]ª ÚÛë¯!)
3. Do you like (are you liking the coffee
ÍìÙ)
in this restaurant?
4. I don't (= do not) remember (am not +
remembering his name.
êŸí£±p) Look at Leela's dress.
5. Why do you forget (are you forgetting Ú¥ë]ª) Isn't it really wonderful?
things like this?
purchase = Ú•ìè[Ù
Ú¥ë]ª.) 6. Why do you doubt him?
7. I do not feel like studying here.
(Ð Íô¢nÙêÁ purchase Íìè[Ù ÚÛû¦o 'buy' Íìè[Ù
ú£ï£°-áÙÞ¥ ÑÙåªÙC).
8. He does not understand me properly.
9. Does she think of going home now?
purchase = Ú•ìo ÷ú£ªh÷±
My important purchase this week is the TV.
10. Does he suppose that he is the greatest
TV)
(Ð î¦ô¢Ù û¶ìª Ú•ìo ÷³Üu-iì ÷ú£ªh÷±
of all?
11. He doesn't (= does not) like your behav-
return = Ú•ìo ÷ú£ªh÷± AJT Ï÷yè[Ù
exchange =
iour.
Ú•ìo ÷ú£ªh÷± ÿ§íÃö˺ ÷«ô¢ªa-ÚÁ÷è[Ù
replace =
12. Don't you (Do you not/ Do not you)
Ú•ìo ÷ú£ªh-÷±ö˺ ëÁù£Ù ÑÙç¶ ë¯EÚ¨
believe my words/ Do you doubt my
ñë]ªõª ÿ§í£± î¦üŒ‰x ÏÙÚ•-ÚÛæ¨ ÷ªìÚÛª
words?
Ï÷yè[Ù
refund = ÿ§í£± î¦üŒ‰x è[ñªs î¦í£úà Ï÷yè[Ù
13. Why do you prefer coffee to tea? (prefer
durable = (÷ú£ªh-÷±ÚÛª) ÷ªEoÚÛ Ñìo, ÷ªEo-ÚÛ-Þœõ
êŸô¦yêŸ 'to' ÷ú£ªhÙC).
allow a discount = êŸT_Ù# Í÷ªtè[Ù;
14. You do not know your position.
liking, loving, expensive = ÜKëµjì
15. Do Iraquis hate Americans?
'ing' forms cheap = à½ÚÛ Íô³ì
ìª VOCABULARY moderate (price) = ú£ô¢-ú£-iì (ëÅ]ô¢)
ÚÛª ú£ÙñÙ-CÅÙ-#ì ÷«åõª:
cost = ÜKë]ª, ÜK-ë]-÷è[Ù
Shopping

are à¶ô¢aè[Ù. knowing - ú£Ùë]-ô¦sÄEo ñæ¨d î¦è[- buy, sell êµL-ú‡ì ÷«åö¶.