CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Online examination system is a new technique of conducting examination
and is a software application which allows a particular company or institution to
arrange, conduct and manage any objective examination via online. Online
examination are conducted through the internet or in intranet (if within the
organization) to test a candidate. andidate is given a limited time to answer the
questions, reminder are set to alert examee!"minutes before time expiry and after
the time expiry the answer paper is disabled automatically and answer is sent to
the examiner. #he examiner will evaluate answers, either through automated
process or manually and the results will be sent to the candidate through email or
made available in the web site and result can also be printed as soon as the exam
finishes.
$dvantages% online examination can be conducted at any time and does not incur
higher cost as traditional exam scenario as there is no paper wor& involved.
't can be conducted for remote candidates and evaluation of answers can be fully
automated for multiple choice questions (()) and other easy type questions
can be evaluated manually or through automated system. $t the heart of the
system is a power database application which ensures that all administration data
!
is &ept cohesive, up to date and reliable. #he purpose of online exam is to ta&e
exam in an efficient manner and no time wasting for chec&ing the paper. #he
objective of online exam is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly
through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of times but also gives
fast result.
1.1 HISTORY OF THE CASE STUDY
*overnment college, +afia was established on the ,
nd
-ebruary, !./. in
atholic (ission (a&urdi with the initial in ta&e of forty0five students on
the /
th
1anuary, !.2". #he college was moved to its permanent site O(3'
(O45) $&wanga road, which is about half &ilometer from college6. 't was
changed in !.72 and !.88 it was given the name *overnment ollege as
full 9econdary 9chool. #he school now runs both junior and 9enior
9econdary.
:ith the establishment of the 4asarawa 9tate ;olytechnic by the first
civilian *overnor of the 9tate. <r. $bdullahi $damu, the college was
relocated to a new site, still along 1os =oad.
#he following principal served in the school since its inception =ev. -r.<.
(urrey > !./.0!.22, =ev. -r. *othire0!.270!.7" (r. 9.< $ri !.780!.8,,
(r ?.$ ?uje !.8,0!.8@ (r. (.4 9ambo !.8A0!.8/ $lh. B. (airige
!.8/0!.82 (r 3.<.5 $do&we !.870!.88, (r. 3.<. Ca&ayi !..A0!..2 (r
,
Da&ubu ?wara !..A0!..2, (r. (.$ $ngbalagu ,""!0,""/ $lh. Ealilu
Eusani ,""/, $lh. Ealiru > ,""/0,""7, $buba&ar $bdullahi > ,""70,"".,
1ob ogbanwo0 ,"".0,"!", (usa $yuba Oyehu ,"!"0<ate.
#he school has the junior section (199) and the senior secondary section
(9.9). #he students in the junior section offer all the courses in the junior
secondary curriculum, while the student in the senior secondary section are
allowed to go for subject of their choice, sometimes the school authority0
through the guidance6 to go for particular subjects because of their
performances in the 1unior 9econdary 9chool certificate examination
(1995) . #he library in the school is not standard and it is not equipt with
modern boo&s for the students to read. #here are uncompleted structured in
the school. #he school has a total number of A/ $cademic staff including
the principal and the two vice principal !@ non0academic staff and 7 ;.#.$
staff.
$bout 8F of the $cademic staff are graduate with teaching qualifications
from various universities and polytechnics, are 4..5 graduates and the
remaining /F are graduate teaching qualification.
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
#he objective of this research is to create an online entrance examination
system to efficiently evaluate candidates thoroughly through a fully
@
automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives
immediate and accurate results.
1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
#he main scope of this research is to create a software that the entrance
examination in *overnment ollege +afia is to be conducted online
(Online 5ntrance 5xamination 9ystem)
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
#he significance of this research is to design and implement a
software that will automate entrance examination into 9enior 9econdary 9chool
in *overnment ollege, +afia. Obviously, this will bring in the following
advantages
NO GEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARY
i. andidate can fill application form from anywhere.
ii. 'nstitutes donGt need to ta&e the burden of posting the application
form for outstation candidates.
ACCURATE AND RELIABLE
i. 'n the manual way human error might creep in due to fatique and
monotonous nature of wor& involving number
A
ii. Hery accurate and reliable0 the process is very accurate and reliable
due to limited human involvement.
iii. (alpractice is reduced to the beeriest minimum
CUSTOMIZABLE REAL TIME REPORTS
i. 'nstitute can monitor the ongoing process
ii. Eave a day to day summary of the progress of the admission.
1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
#he research wor& on online entrance examination system in government
college +afia is limited due to the following reason%
'nternet provide online boo&s which is also limitation of this exams,
'n the case of system crash
omputer illiterate.
iii)
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Online is the condition of being connected to networ& of computer or other
devices .the term is frequently used to describe someone who is currently
connected to the internet.
/
CHAPTER T!O
LITERATURE REVIE!
$ccording to 3yrnes =od and $llan 5llis (,""2) online 5xamination is one of the
&ey elements of teaching and learning process. 't provides teachers with a means
of evaluating the quality of their institution.
9tudents also use it to drive and direct their learning. Online teaching and
learning will continue to become more important to institution in order for them
to remain competitive and economically viable in the online environment,
examination is no less critical than in tradition face to face environments.
Earris, etal (,"",) define online examination as an entirely automated process of
delivering and ma&ing examination using web or internet resources. :ithin the
boundaries of the definition, online examination can be either formative or
summative.
-ormative examination refers to examination that is used primarily to provide
feedbac& and further instruction to the student or inform the instructor of the
studentGs progresses.
'n contrast, summative examination refer to examination that is primarily used to
evaluate a studentGs performance and contributes to their final grade.(3ull and
(c&enna,,""A)highlight the importance of formative examination by
2
emphasizing that Iproviding several opportunities for elaborative rehearsal and
frequent practice all support the way we &now how learners leanGG.one advantage
of online examination is that once setup student are able to utilize formative
examination resources numerous times without instructor intervention.
3ooth,et al ,""@,in term of quality, online examination should not differ from
traditional examination approaches. 3ooth noted that the GGprinciples of quality
examination are the same for online as they are in any form of delivery .#hese
include the need for examination to be valid, reliable and flexible
9ambell and 9exton (!...) found that their student reported less exam anxiety
when computer examination were a component of continuous examination
throughout the semester as each test did not represent a high level of ris& for the
student and they were able to build their confidence in their abilities along the
way .student particular appreciated that they assisted them to pace their revision
so they did not just cram for the final examination.
Earvey and (ogey (!...) suggest some solutions to computer failures is to add
the missed to be end of the exam, reducing the number of questions or allocate
student some mar&s in compensation.
Earvey and (ogey (!...)suggest the advantage of online examination is the
possibility to introduce more variable into the structure of the examination
pattern so that the computer base test can be offered at different times ,location
7
or even different tests to different student issue of security ,access and
equit,support and training for student are resolved summative online
examination will be one more strategy for managing large volumes of mar&ing
and administration that has the potential to generate efficiencies that can ease
academic wor&loads.
:intington(!...)argues that all computer to be used under exam conditions
need to be audited. omputer connected to the internet are difficult to ma&e
secure and he cautions that occupational health and safety issues are particularly
important in longer exams. 'f the timing of the exam is automated then
consideration need to be made for student with special needs.
-inally, to maximize securing the question in any summative examination should
only be stored online at the last possible moment.
Ca&zews&i and hristine (,""") suggest ensuring there are spare machine
available in the laboratory in case of machine failure so that a student can quic&ly
be moved to a new machine. 'f the crash occurs later in the examination they
recommend the student complete paper copies of the examination .should the
whole networ&s fail the examination need to be rescheduled
8
2.2 CONTE"TUAL ASSESSMENT OF THE !OR# DONE IN THE
FIELD OF STUDY
'n every institution of learning in the whole world their must be
examination underta&ing by the institution and student that determine if the
student is qualify to be admitted into the institution or not.
#he delivery technology itself creates problem of inter0candidate
interaction and prone to technical malfunction which can affect many
student simultaneously.
$ll examination needs to be valid, reliable,fair and flexible. #his can be
just as difficult to achieve online as an paper ,since some student have a
greater aptitude for a particular question types (e.g. multiple choice
question)common responses to mix question types in any given
examination. $nd quality is commonly achieved through the context of an
individual written examination.
#he research developed software that will be used to conduct an online
entrance examination valid, reliable, fair and flexible and not to have any
problem of inter0candidate interaction and technical malfunctions.
.
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY AND ANALYSIS OF THE PRESENT SYSTEM
3.1 ANALYSIS OF THE PRESENT SYSTEM
$t present examination is done manually, in the sense that candidate
come to government ollege +afia to obtain the entrance form, fill the form
and submit it at the administrative bloc& and come to the institution acetate to
write the examination.
#he examination are mar&ed by the *overnment ollege teachers, after mar&ing
and recording of the examination score by the teachers of the college, the
result will be posted to the Hice ;rincipal $dministration for compilation and
subsequent publishing of the admission list.
:hen the Hice ;rincipal $dministration finished compilation of the admission
list, he pasted the list of shortlisted candidates.
9tructured system analysis design methodology (99$<()
#he methodology used in carrying out this research wor& is structured system
analysis and design whereby, a case study of the present existing system
was carried out and the recognition for the need of a better system was
proposed. $fter than,
!"
$ feasibility study was carried out to see how to determine whether the new
system can cost effectively support the online entrance examination system.
=equirement analysis deals with the modeling the current system (manually) and
deciding which way to go using logical design system (+<s) and <ata -low
<iagram 9ystem (<-<s)
+ogical system specification% #hese parts deal with what hardware and software
platform design of detailed program logic that is what the program have to do.
=equirement specification% it deals with the selected way to go is developed and
refine 5+E9 introduced.
;hysical design% #hese last stage deals with the logical and technical
specification used to produce a physical database design and a set of program
specification.
3.1.1 HISTORY OF THE INSTITUTION
*overnment ollege 9chool, +afia is located in +afia town of 1os =oad +afia. 't
was established on the ,
nd
-ebruary, !./. in atholic mission (a&urdi with the
initial inta&e of forty0five student on the /
th
1anuary, !.2", the college was moved
to the permanent site O(3' (O45) of $&wanga =oad which is about half
&ilometer from colleges of $griculture +afia.
!!
9t $ugustine was formerly #eachers ollege. 't was change in !.72, and in !.88
it was given the name government college as full secondary school. #he school
now was both junior and senior secondary programmes.
'n ,""", with the establishment of the 4asarawa state polytechnic by the first
civilian government of state <r $bdullahi $dama, the college was re0located to a
new site still along 1os road. O(3' (O45).
#he following principal served in the school since the inception =ev. -r <.
(urrey !.7,0!.22, =ev. -r. *othire0 !.270!.7", =ev -r pass0 !.7"0!.7,, (r.
$.B. Bbaa !.7,0!.78, (r. 9.< $ri !.780!.8,, (r. ?.$. ?uje > !.8,0!.8@, (r.
(.4 9ambo0 !.8A0!.8/, $lh. B.(arriga > !.8/0!.82, (r. 3.<.5 $do&we
!.870, (r. 3.<. Ca&ayi0 !..A0!..2, (r Da&ubu ?wara > !..A0!..2 (r. (.$
$rybalagu0,""!0,""/ $lh. Ealilu Eusani ,""/, $lh. Ealiru0,""/0,""7,
$buba&ar $bdullahi. ,""70,""., 1ob Ogbanwo0 ,"".0,"!", (usa $yuba Oyehu
,"!"0<ate.
#he school has the 1unior 9ection (199) and 9enior 9econdary 9chool (99) #he
student in the 1unior section offer all the courses in the 1unior 9econdary
curriculum while the student in the senior secondary section are allowed to go for
particular subject because of their performances in the 1unior 9econdary 9chool
ertificate examination (1995).
!,
#he library in the school is not standard and it is not equipt with modern boo&s
for the students to read. #here are uncompleted structures in the school. #he
school has a total number of A/ $cademic 9taff including the principal and the
two Hice ;rincipals !/ 4on0$cademic staff and 7 ;.#.$ staff about 8F of the
$cademic 9taff are graduates.
!@
ORGANIGRAM OF GOVERNMENT COLLEGE
!A
;rincipal
H.; $min H.;.$ $cademic
9chool *uidance and ounselor
<ean of studies
ompound master
EO<s
Eouse masterJmistress
#eachers
<eputy head boy
Eead boy
;refects
lass monitors
9tudents
@.!., MODE OF OPERATION REPRESENTED BY THE OVERALL
DIAGRAM OF THE PRESENT SYSTEM
'n *overnment ollege +afia, the principalGs assisted by Hice ;rincipal
$dministration that is responsible for student admission.
#he guidance and counselor is in charge of guiding student on moral behaviors in
the school.
<ean of studies is responsible for student $cademic record of studies
ompound master is the person in charge of cleaning the school premises
EO< is the person in charge of heading the various duties in the school.
Eouse masterJmistress are the people in charge of games and sport in the school.
#eachers are the $cademic 9taff ,they teach students
Eead boy is in charge of students behavior in the school with his assistants.
;erfect are the students that assist the head boy in controlling the other students
in the school.
lass monitors% #hese students are in charge of each class.
!/
3.2 !EA#NESS OBSERVED FROM THE PRESENT PROCEDURE
9low processing of admission
(a&ing error by teachersJmalpractice
(alpractice
3.3 HIGH LEVEL SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEM OBSERVED
#his research is wor&ing on software that will enable the management conduct
examination using computers in order to ameliorate some of the problems they
face. 't will hasten processing timeK reduce error in mar&ing and general
malpractice by the candidates.
!2
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 SYSTEM DESIGN
#his determines the input and output of the system project it species the sources
of input data, method of processing and output of the system.
#his proposed system will yield more efficient and accurate in conducting of
an online entrance examination system in *overnment ollege +afia of the
input are supplied at the appropriate time, it produce effective information of
each student.
4.1 OBJECTIVES OF DESIGN
#he following are the objective of an online entrance examination system.
STORAGE$ One of the objective of this design is to provide a better and
effective means of storing student information in an electronic machine for easy
retrieval and to avoid unauthorized access to the information.
SPEED PROCESSING #he new system offer the $dmission officer
opportunity to complete and fast processing of student admission list within the
shortest possible time compare to the manual.
RELIABILITY <elay in conducting an online entrance examination system is
completely eliminated.
!7
DURABILITY$ #he new system is designed in such a way that, is capable of
being operated over a long period of time by the users.
ACCURACY $ #he processing is very accurate and reliable due to limited
human involvement.
4.2 CONTROL CENTER %MAIN MENU&
#his program is the designed structure for conducting of an online entrance
examination system is documentation for user reference and modification
purpose. #he program is designed in routine or modules.
#he various modules are called from the main program, the modules goes
instruction on how the program is to be used.
#he control center of this design includes%0
1& H'()*+,)$ #his module show the structure of government college +afia
from which connection to other pages can be made.
2& R),-./0+/-'1 $ #his module allow the user to fill form for an online
entrance examination..
!8
4.3 OUTPUT SPECIFICATION
4.3.1 DATABASE SPECIFICATION
#he database specification is the design is to structural query language in creating
table as bac& end, connecting or lin&ing with the java interface as the front
end to display the output of the program. #he database specification is field
name are%
F-)231+() 3+/+ /4*) 5-)23 .-6)
;ersonal no H$=E$= ,"
9urname H$=E$= @"
Other name H$=E$= ,"
<ay H$=E$= ,"
(onth H$=E$= ,"
Dear H$=E$= ,"
9ex H$=E$= ,"
9tate H$=E$= ,"
+.*.$ H$=E$= ,"
!.
=eligion H$=E$= ,"
#own H$=E$= ,"
;lace of 3irth H$=E$= ,"
4.3.2 PROGRAM MODULE SPECIFICATION
%-& HOMEPAGE% #his module shows the structure of *overnment ollege
+afia from which connection to other pages can be made.
(ii) REGISTRATION #his module displays the form for the user to fill.
4.3.3 INPUT AND OUTPUT FORMAT
INPUT FORMAT FOR STUDENT DATA
;assword
9urname
Other name
9ubjects
(onthJ<ay
Dear
,"
9ex
9tate
+.*.$
=eligion
#own
;lace of 3irth
Eome $ddress
4.3.4 OUTPUT FORMAT
=egistration num
9urname other name
9ex
5ach subject ta&ing by each student
*rade for each subject
=emar& for each subject
,!
#otal score
Overall remar&
4.3.5 OVERALL DATA FLO! DIAGRAM OF NE! SYSTEM
Eomepage

=egistration
+ogin 4O
D59
9tudent form

9ubmit
)uestions
9ubmit
=esult
,,
9tart

9top
4.4 CHOICE AND JUSTIFICATION OF PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE PLATFORM.
Online entrance examination system was automated using the <ream waver
programming language with the help of java script, and php0script
<ream weaver programming language is now preferred by many users and some
companies. #he reasons for the choice are%
<reamweaver is a friendly programming language in such a way that you can
edit, update whenever you want.
$nother reason for <reamweaver is that it is divided into two where one part
is for cooling and other part shows what you are cooling.
<reamweaver programming language is convenient and efficient
<reamweaver programming language enables developer to create content that
can be delivered to and run by users on their computer.
,@
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
5.1 HARD!ARE AND GENERAL SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
#he hardware required for the implementation of this system are%0
!) $ ;entium ( computer
,) Eard dis& capacity of ,"*3 above
@) =andom $ccess memory (=$() /"A =$(9
A) 9H*$ !A =# monitor
/) Bninterrupted power supply (B;9) of 2/" H$
2) ;rocessor speed !./" *EC
5.2 HO! TO USE THE SOFT!ARE

#o start the program in <reamweaver, boot the system to load the new software
(designed payment), select the <reamweaver then clic& on the program to start.
5.3 SITE PREPARATION
#he environment that the system will be &ept should have the following%0
i) $ir conditioner
ii) -loor preparation
iii) #he electric power supply should be well connected to avoid explosion
that will cause damages.
,A
iv) #here should be fans surrounding the system to avoid damage.
5.4 HARD!ARE AND SYSTEM INSTALLATION
#he program is expected to run on (icrosoft Lp service pac& , and ;entium (,
!./"*Ez processor speed, /"A(3 =$( ,."* Eard <is& space.
'n term of system installation, insert the dis& containing
'n the <0=O( drive, if the auto run does not start automatically then clic& on
start menu on the window tas& bar and clic& M=unN type <Jauto run 5xe when <
is the letter that correspond to the <0=O( drive and follow the steps until
the installation is completed.
5.5 TRAINING
't is mandatory to train clients of the new system in a situation where clients are
not computer literate, the need becomes more pronounced. #his is especially true
for an organization converting from a manual system to a computerized system.
#rain covers all the categories of clients from teacher to principal generallyK
training would be more intensive with the operational that was the software
directly to conduct the examination.
#he following areas of training are recommended apart from learning the
operation of the new system%
(icrosoft word windows operating system omputer application.
,/
5.6 FILE CONVERSION
-ile conversion is the process of converting the old system to the requirement of
the new system it includes the following%
D-0)7/ C'18)0.-'1 $ is for converting whole old system to 4ew system
P-2'/ 7'18)0.-'1 $ 's converting one or more data and compare the result of the
new system to old system.
!) P+0+22)2 7'18)0.-'1 changing the old system to new system by cross
chec&ing the result. 'n the design, <irect conversion is used to covert
the examination of the whole old system to a new system to ensure
efficiency and accurate examination processing in *overnment ollege
+afia.
,2
CHAPTER SI"
6.0 SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
6.1 SUMMARY
#his project was carried out to solve the problems of manual processing of
studentsG examination in order to enhance efficiency and accuracy, among other
things.
$ proper study of the current system prompted a system development analysisK a
meticulous examination of processing gathered was used as a basic for
analysis.
#his aided research in appreciation the situation at state, which enhance the
design and implementation of the automated system.
6.2 CONCLUSION
omputers are used to automate many systems thus, it ma&es tedious job easy.
't is in my conviction that a full0scale implementation of student examination
system will go a long way into solving such problems associated with the manual
system of student examination processing.
#his project is also economically feasible because it reduces the cost of
processing of student examination manually. $gain, this project will also promote
effective and efficient information.
,7
6.3 RECOMMENDATION
<ue to computers surprising degree of efficiency, accuracy and flexibility, it
becomes obvious that it is accepted in every aspect of human life. #his wor& is
recommend for any institution (college) wishing to improve in its processing of
student admission to eliminate human lapses.
,8
REFERENCE
3ooth, et al (,""@) #he <evelopment of quality online assessment in
vocational education and training, volume ! 4ational centre for Hocational
5ducation =esearch ( viewed !! $ugust ,"".) http JJ wwwJ
never.edu.ouJresearchJprogJnrJfo,0 !pdf
3ull and (c?enna (,""A) 3lueprint for computer >assisted assessment .+ondom%
=outledge-almer
3yrnes, = and 5llis $llan(,""2)the distribution and features of learning
management system in $ustralian universities and their role in student
assessment .in proceedings of $usweb"A,*old coast ,$ustralia.Oviewed !, 1an.
,""2Phttp%JJausweb.scu.edu.auJaw"AJpapersJrefereedJbyrnes.
Earris,etal (,"",) 5ncouraging research into online learning and assessment .in
winds of change in the sea of learning %proceedings $9'+'#5,"",,$uc&land
,4ew Cealand .Oviewed !, 1an ,""2P
http%JJwww.ascilite.org.auJconferencesJauc&land",JproceedingsJpaperJ!/8.pdf
Earvey and (ogey (!...) the development of the online educational institute.
Bnpublished (aster of #raining and <evelopment #hesis, 9chool of 9ocial and
:or&place <evelopment, 9outhern ross Bniversity, +ismore.
,.
9ambell and sexton (!...) the prevalence and characteristics of online
examination in $ustralian universities. $ustralian 1ournal of 5ducation
#echnology, ,,(!), !"A0!,/.http%JJwww.ascilite.org.auJajetJajet,,Jbyrnes.html
:intington (!...) flexible and secure computer >base assessment using a single
zip dis&. omputer and education, /"(@), .!/0.,2.
Ca&zews&i and hristine(,""")the development of quality online examination in
vocational education and training, volume ! .4ational centre for Hocational
5ducation =esearch.Oviewed !! $ug ,"".P
http%JJwww.ncver.edu.auJresearchJprojJnr!f",Q!pdf
@"