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^0oIiS 0n (iBgnpt anir Cljalbaeit
Vol. XXVIII of the Series
THE BOOK OF THE DEAD
EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHIC TEXT
Vol. I
CHAPTERS ILXIV
BOOKS ON EGYPT AND CHALD/EA.
Vol. I. Egyptian Religion.

II. Egyptian Magic.

III. Egyptian Language.

IV.Babylonian Religion.

V. Assyrian Language.
Vols. Vl.-Vill. Book of the Dead. 3
vols.

IX.XVI.History of Egypt. 8 vols.

Vol. XVII. The Decrees of Memphis and Canopus

The
Rosetta Stone. Vol. I.

XVIII. The Decrees of Memphis and Canopus

The
Rosetta Stone Vol. 11.

XIX. The Decrees of Memphis and Canopus

~
The
Stele of Canopus.
Vols. XX.XXIL The Egyptian Heaven and Hell. 3 vols.

XXIII.- The Book of Kings. Vol. 1. Dynasties I-XIX.

XXIV. The Book of Kings. Vol.11. Dynasties XX-XXX.

XXV. The Liturgy of Funerary Offerings.

XXVI. The Book of Opening the Mouth. Vol. I.

XXVII. The Book of Opening the Mouth. Vol. II.

XXVIII.XXX. Book of the Dead. 3 vols. Egyptian hiero-

glyphic Text.
Full Prospectus on Application.
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO., Lr"
DiiVDKN IIoLSK, Gkhhaud Sthkkt, LoM)ON, W.
m\\% on Oippt and O^lraldacH
I I I A m<=:>jr I
THE CHAPTERS
OF
COMING FORTH BY DAY
OR
THE THEBAN RECENSION
OF THl
BOOK OF THE DEAD
THE EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHIC TEXT EDITED
FROM NUMEROUS PAPYRI
BY
E. A.WALLIS BUDGE, M. A., Lttt. D., D. Litt., D. Lit.
KEEPER OF THE EGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES
IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM
Volume I
CHAPTERS ILXIV
LONDON
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO., LtP
DRYDEN HOUSE, 43, GERRARD STREET, W.
igio ^->\
\
;
',
(All rights reserved)
'
'
220205
> ) > > > J
J
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nlp
PRINTED BY
ADOLF HOLZHAUSEN,
19-21 KANDLGASSE, VIENNA.
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.
The first edition of the ''Chapters of Coming Forth
by Day", or the Theban Recension of the Book of tlie
Dead, appeared in 1897, the work consisting of three
volumes, viz., Egyptian Text, Translation and Vocabu-
lary. The sale of all the volumes proved that the edition
was needed, and in a very few years it was exhaust-
ed, and copies could only be obtained at second hand.
In 1901 a reprint of the English translation was pub-
lished in the present Series, and wlien the edition was
exhausted in 1908, Messrs Kegan Paul, Trench, Triibner
and Co. decided to publish in the Series a new edition
of the "Chapters of Coming Forth by Day", Egyptian
Text, Translation and Vocabulary complete. The Eng-
lish translation, with many additions, has already been
issued, and all the coloured and half-tone plates given
in the first edition have been reproduced. An entirely
new section has been introduced containing a brief
general description of the contents of each Chapter,
and of the purpose with which it was written. The
VI PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.
Egyptian Text and Vocabulary follow, and it is lioj^ed
that the handy form in which the work now appears
will be found convenient to those who will use it.
The ancient Egyptian Hymns and Religious Texts
printed in the following pages form a representative
collection of the compositions which the Egyptians
inscribed upon the walls of tombs, sarcophagi, coffins,
stelae, amulets, etc. to ensure the well-being of their
dead in the Other World. Taken together they are
known generally as the "Book of the Dead", and be-
cause they have been edited chiefly from documents
found at Thebes, they are said to form the "Theban
Recension" of that work. This Recension was in general
use in Egypt from about B. C. 1600 to B. C. 900. Many
of the ideas and beliefs embodied in these texts are
coaeval with Egyptian civilization, and we are now
able to trace their history in textual form back to the
Vth and Vlth dynasties (about B. C. 3500). The greater
number of the texts here given belong to the great
group to which the Egyptians gave the name "Chapters
of Coming Forth by Day" ^
^
S
^
^
%^;
the remainder are Hymns, supplementary extracts from
ancient cognate Avorks, rubrics, etc., which were be-
lieved to gwe the dead strength to resist the attacks
of foes, and to withstand the powers of darkness and
of the grave, and enabled them to enjoy everlasting
happiness.
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. VII
The papyri selected as authorities are the best now
known, and they have been chosen with the view of
illustrating the development of the Theban Recension,
and the changes which took place in it during the
various periods of its history. Since no papyrus con-
tains all the Chapters of this Recension, and no two
papyri agree either in respect of contents or arrange-
ment of the Chapters, and the critical value of every
text in any given papyrus is not always the same, it
follows that a complete edition of all the known Chap-
ters of the Theban Recension would be impossible
unless recourse were had to several papyri. Among
those used in the present edition, of special value is
the Papyrus of Nu (Brit. Mus. No.
10,477),
from which
I have printed 111 Chapters. Among these are at least
twenty Chapters of the Theban Recension which exist
in no other papyrus, and several others which are
known from single manuscripts only. In the case of
Chapters of great importance, e.
g.,
Chapters XVII,
LXIV, CXXV, etc., the texts of three, sometimes four,
versions from the best papyri have been given, and
most of the omissions made inadvertently by ancient
scribes have been filled up from otlier codices.
Like Professor Naville, I have followed the system
of numbering the Chapters employed by Lepsius in
his edition of the famous Turin Papyrus, which was
published so far back as 1842. But although I have
VIII PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.
done so for the sake of convenient reference, I con-
sider it to be unfortunate that it has been generally
adopted in Egyptological works. For three sections
(Nos. XVI, CXLIII, and CL) are not Chapters, but
Vignettes, and nine others (Nos. XLVIII, XLIX,
LXXIII, CVII, CXI, CXX, CXXIX, and CXXXIX)
are duplicates of Chapters found in other parts of the
papyrus. The number of Chapters in the edition of
Lepsius is, therefore, not 165, but 153.
The Chapters, not including duplicates and versions,
given in this edition are 177 in number, and of these
163 belong to the Theban Recension; the remaining
14 have as yet only been found in the Turin Papyrus
edited by Lepsius. As, however, they illustrate the
religious thought of the Sa'ite Period, and some curious
beliefs are enshrined in them, it has been decided to
print them herein with the older texts. Of the 163 Chap-
ters of the Theban Recension 148 are edited from pa-
pyri in the British Museum.
In the two Appendices the texts of a series of funerary
compositions belonging to the Vth, Vlth, Xllth, XXIInd,
and XXVlth dynasties are given, and of several Books
of the Dead of the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods. In
short, I have made an attempt to place in the hands
of readers the materials which will enable them to
trace the principal religious ideas and beliefs from
about B. C. 3500 to A. D. 100.
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. IX
The source of each Chapter is stated under its
number, and the text is printed in horizontal instead
of perpendicular lines of hierogly}>hics. The Introduc-
tory Hymns to the Judgment Scene are grouped to-
gether at the beginning of Vol. I, for they are out of
place when arranged as versions of Chapter XV
;
Chapters CLXXXII, CLXXXIII, and CLXXXV pro-
bably belong to the group.
E. A. WALLIS BUDGE,
British Museum,
January 20th, 1910.
,11 II ill

~r^r~
DESCRIPTION OF THE PAPYRI.
The Chapters of the Book of the Dead, hymns, etc.,
printed in this and in the following volumes are edited
from the following" papyri
:

I. The Papyrus of Nebseni. This papyrus was ac-

quired by Burton in the early years of the XlXth cen-
tury, and was sold to the Trustees of the British
Museum after his death in the year 1836. As it was
impossible to use the papyrus in roll form, first,
because of its peculiarly brittle nature, and secondly,
because of the damaged state of the document when
purchased by the Trustees, it was cut into thirty-three
sections, which Avere carefully pasted on paper and
mounted under glass. It measures 77 feet,
7^2
iu- in
length, and is 1 foot, l^g in. in breadth; it bears the
number 9,900, and is commonly known as the ''Burton
Papyrus". Unfortunately the exact place where the
papyrus was found is unknown, but the texture and
colour proclaim its Memphite origin , and we shall
probably be correct if we assume that it came from
XII THE BOOK OF THE DEAD.
Sakkarali. Nebseni certainly lived at Memphis, for he
was a priestly official connected with the famous temple
of Ptah, and this being so we should naturally expect
that he would be buried at Sakkarah. Nebseni, _
or ^^37
^^^"^
ll\Q],
was, according to his papyrus,
a scribe
t?,R,
and also a "maker of designs in the
I I I
temples of the North and the South"
g I
_
I I I
^
In other words, he drafted the texts
which were cut on the walls of the temples, and "set
out", or made the copies from which the masons work-
ed when cutting the reliefs on the walls, columns, etc.
in the temples. His chief duties were connected with
the temple of Ptah of Memphis, as we see from the
title
#i
/VAAAAA
QY
(^
+ko.;.'"'i-f*-
man of the temple of Ptah", and he presided over
certain of the "mysteries in the temples"
"^-s
^
Another title of Nebseni was
-DIJ
I I I I I I
^
,-^
,
i. e., "child of the Shet chamber", but what his
duties were in connection with this office is not known.
and
Nebseni's father was called Thenna
'wsaaa u
^
he is described as the "draftsman of the desiofns of
the Lord of the Two Lands"
P]\jo%>;
I
/>^AAAA
I
1. Or,
G
r~]
Q
^A'\AAA
^
(Z-Zl
I 1 i i i

+
^
I I I
CXirX
DESCRIPTION OF THE PAPYRI. XIII
his mother Avas called Mut-restha a\
~1
^^^
il
^
^ P
but of her rank and station in life no details are given.
1/-\
AAAAAA
I
I
.
The following are the Chapters of the Book of Com-
ing Forth by Day contained in the Papyrus of Neb-
seni
:

I, with Vignette, sheet

1; V,
sheet
11;
VI, with
Vignette, sheet 10;
XIII, sheet
12; XVII, lines 8194,
sheet 11, lines
100
106, sheet 12, the complete Chap-
ter, with Vignette, sheets
13

15;
XVIII, sheet
15;
XX, sheet 11; XXII, with Vignette, sheet
5;
XXIII,
Avith Vignette, sheet
5
; XXVI, with Vignette, sheets 4
and
5
; XXX b, with Vignette, sheet
4
; XXXVIII A,
with Vignette, sheet 12
;
XLI, sheet
25
; XLIV, sheet
12
;
XLVI, sheet
5
; XLVII, with Vignette, sheet
8;
XLVIII,
sheet
8;
L, two copies, sheets 11 and
12; LVI, two
copies, sheets 5 and 11; LXII, with Vignette, sheet
4
;
LXIV, short version, sheet 23, long version sheet
24;
LXV, sheet
22;
LXXI, with Vignette, sheet
16; LXXII,
with Vignette, sheet
3
; LXXVI, sheet
8
; LXXVII,
with Vignette, sheet
2
; LXXXI, with Vignette, sheet 3
;
LXXXIII, with Vignette, sheet
2
; LXXXIV, with Vi-
gnette, sheet
2;
LXXXV, with Vignette, sheet
2;
LXXXVI, with Vignette, sheet
2;
LXXXVII, with
Vignette, sheet
11 ; LXXXVIII, with Vignette, sheet
11;
LXXXIX, with Vignette, sheet
6
; XC, with Vignette,
sheet
6;
XCVI and XCVII, two copies, sheets 8 and
XIV THE BOOK OF THE DEAD.
11; XCIX, Avith Vignette, sheet
3;
C, three copies,
sheets
5,
10 and
20;
CIII, Avith Vignette, sheet
8; CIV,
with Vignette, sheet
8
; C
V,
with Vignette, sheet
4
;
CVI, three copies, sheets 16, 19, and
24; CVIII, with
Vignette, sheet
7
; CIX, with Vignette, sheet
8
; CX,
with Vignette, sheets 17 and 18;
CXII, with Vignette,
sheet
7
; CXIII, with Vignette, sheet
7
; CXIV, with
Vignette, sheet
7
; CXVII and CXVIII, with Vignette,
sheet
11;
CXIX, with Vignette, sheet
6;
CXXV, with
three Vignettes, sheets 2931; CXXXIII, with Vi-
gnette, sheet
22 ; CXXXIV, with Vignette, sheet
6
;
CXXXVI A, with Vignette, sheet
26; CXXXVI b, witli
Vignette, sheet
26 ; CXXXVIIa, sheet 24;
CXXXVIIb,
with Vignette, sheet
6
; CXLIV and CXLVI, with Vi-
gnettes, sheets 24; CXLVIII, wdth Vignettes, sheets 4
and
5;
CXLIX, with Vignettes, sheets 2729; CL,
Avith Vignette, sheet
29; CLI a, two copies, sheet
21;
CLIIIa, with Vignette, sheet.
12; CLV, with Vignette,
sheet
10; CLVI, with Vignette, sheet
10;
CLX, with
Vignette, sheet
10
; CLXVI, sheet
21 ; CLXVII, with
Vignette, sheet
22;
CLXXII, sheets
32, 33;
CLXXIII,
sheet
9;
CLXXVII, sheet
18; CLXXVIII, sheet
19;
CLXXIX, sheet
26, and CLXXX, two copies, sheet
20,
and sheet 21.
A photograph of the Nebseni Papyrus Avas published
by the Trustees of the British Museum {Photographs
of
the Papyrus
of
Nehseni in the British Museum,
London,
1876),
Avith a short preface by Dr. Birch;
fifty-two of tlie soA^enty-scA^en Chapters (not reckoning
DESCRIPTION OF THE PAPYRI. XV
duplicates and triplicates) Avere published by Prof. Na-
ville in his edition of the Theban Recension of the
Book of the Dead {Das Aegyptische Todtenbuch, Berlin,
188G), and he gave a description of the Papyrus in
his Einleitung
(pp.
48

54)
to that work ; a French
translation of the Papyrus was published by Massy
{Le fapyrus
Nehseni, exemplaire hieroglypMque du livre
des morts conserve au British Museum, traduit par
A.M., Gand, 1885,. 8 vo), and extracts from it, with
translations, have been published by Birch, Naville,
Pierrot and others. The numbers of the Chapters pub-
lished in the present work are : VI b, XIII, XVII,
XVIII A, XX A, XXXVIII A, XLI, XLVI a, L a,
lxiia, lxiv, lxxi, lxxii, xcii, xcvii, civ,
ex a, cxiv, cxxi, cxxv, cxxxvi, cxxxvii a,
CXXXVIIb, clx, clxvi, clxvii, clxxii,
CLXXIII, CLXXVII, and CLXXVIII.
II. The Papyrus of Nu. This papyrus was found at
Kurnah, in Western Thebes, in one of the oldest portions
of the necropolis, and Avas acquired by the Trustees
of the British Museum in 1890. The papyrus is darkish
brown in colour, and measures 65 feet, S^/g inches in
length, by 13^/2 inches in width; it is mounted on
paper, with a wooden backing, in thirty sheets, and
bears the No. 10,477 in the British Museum Collection.
It is, I believe, the oldest known codex of the Theban
Recension of the Book of the Dead, with painted
Vignettes, and it may, with little doubt, be considered
XVI THE BOOK OF THE DEAD.
a product of the first half of the period of the rule of
the kings of the XVIIIth dynasty; it is very little
later than the papyrus of Nehseni. The papyrus
opens with a coloured scene in which the deceased is
represented standing in adoration before Osiris, who is
seated on a shrine. Only a few of the Chapters, i. e.,
those of the Transformations, the Arits, the Pylons,
the Domains (Aats), and one or two others have Vi-
gnettes. The titles of the Chapters and the Rubrics
are in red, and the text proper is written in black
throughout. The whole papyrus is most carefully
written, and it is the work of one man, perhaps of Nu
himself. It must rank as one of the chief authorities
for the text of the Theban Recension, for it is no mere
undertaker's stock copy, with blank spaces left for in-
serting the name of the man or woman for whom it
was purchased, but a piece of work which bears in
every line of it evidence of the care and knowledge
of the copyist. The absence of duplicates and triplicates
of several Chapters such as we find in the Papyrus
of Nebseni and the Papyrus of Ani is remarkable, and
seems to show that the copyist kept a list of the Chap-
ters which he had copied, and guided his work accord-
ingly. In the Papyrus of Nu the only Chapter given
in duphcate is No. CXXXII.
The Papyrus resembles that of Nel3seni in omitting the
Introductory Hymns to Ra and Osiris, and the great
Judgment Scene , which are characteristic of the il-
lustrated papyri of the last half of the XVIIIth dy-
DESCRIPTION OF THE PAPYRI. XVII
nasty and subsequent periods, and like most of the
oldest papyri it ends with Chapters CXLIX and CL.
It contains a considerable number of Chapters which
have not hitherto been found in papyri of the Theban
Recension, and also a large number of others which
have only been known from single manuscripts. Of
Chapters XXX, XLIV, CXXXVI, and CLIII it gives
two versions, and the various groups of Chapters relat-
ing to special subjects are singularly complete. Of the
antiquity of the Papyrus many proofs might be adduced,
but it will be sufficient to note that the deceased is fre-
quently described as neh dmakh
^^z:^ -^,
as in the case
of Nebseni, and that the word mad-kheru is sometimes
written
'^
_Sa&
v SO
^^
^^
-^^
V I 9l)
(see sheet 20, 1. 62
;
sheet 24, 1. 54, and compare Chap-
ter XXIX A published from a papyrus at Parma by
Naville (Todtenhuch, I, 40, 11. 1 and
7).
The deceased Nu was, as we learn from sheet
11,
1. 16, "the steward of the overseer of the seal", and
he was the son of Amen-hetep, a man who had held a
similar office, and of the lady Senseneb. ^
^^^^^
^
ri
di^ c=^
^=1
vi. n
^^zz^cr^n
vAn""^!!
^^l VSft"
^^^^
name of Amen-hetep is common
enough in the XVIIIth dynasty, but the name of Sen-
seneb is rare, and was mostly used in the first half
b
XVIII THE BOOK OF THE DEAD.
of the XVIIIth dynasty, and in the period preceding
it ; see the two instances of the name quoted by Lieb-
lein {Diet, de Noms, Livr. Ill, No. 1558, p.
621, and
No. 1963, p.
763). To these may be added that of the
wife of Nebseni. The name occurs also on stele No. 502
in the British Museum (XVIIIth dynasty), and on the
shrine of Ruka, No. 714, also in the British Museum;
in the former case it is the name of a son of Sapar
*31,
and in the latter it is the name of the
wife of Ruka.
The Papyrus of Nu contains one liundred and thirty-
one Chapters, including two versions each of Chap-
ters XXX, LXIV, CXXXVI, and CLIII, whicli are
as tollows:

Chapter sheet
I 2
II 13
Ill 13
IV 19
V
21
VI 21
VII 22
VIII 12
IX 12
XI 21
XII 9
XVII
2,
3
XVIII ... 4
XXI 9
Chapter
XXII
sheet
. 5
XXIII . 5
XXIV . 5
XXV . 5
XXVI . 5
XXVII . 5
XXVIII . 5
XXIX . 12
XXX A . 5
XXX B . 21
XXXI . 5
XXXIV . 6
XXXV . 6
XXXVI .
- 8
DESCRIPTION OF THE PAPYRI. XIX
Chapter
XXXVII ...
sheet
. 8
Chapter
LXVIII ..
XXXVIIT . 12 LXXI
XL 8 LXXII ..
XLI ... 6 LXXIV ...
XLII . 6 LXXV ..
XLIII 5
LXXVI ..
XLIV 19
LXXVII ...
XLV 6
LXXVIII
XLVI 12
LXXIX ..
XLVII ... 8
LXXXIa
L 19
LXXXII ...
LI 8 LXXXIII
LII 11 LXXXIV ...
LIII 11
LXXXV ...
LIV 12 LXXXVI
LV 12
LXXXVII
LVI 12
LXXXVIII
LVII 12 LXXXIX
LXI ... . .
.
12 XC
LXIIIa ... ... 12
XCI
LXIV, with rubric XCII
referring to He- XCIII
sep-ti
LXIV, with rubric
13 XCIV
xcv
referringto Men- XCVI
kau-Ra 20 XCVII ...
LXV 14 XCVIII ...
LXVII ... 15 XCIX
sheet
7
7
7
6
13
9
10
13
8
11
9
10
10
9
10
11
11
18
8
6
7
6
12
7
19
19
9
21
b*
XX THE BOOK OF THE DEAD.
Chapter
c
sheet
27
Chapter
CXXXIII
sheet
16
CI
27 CXXXIV 17
CII
28 CXXXVI. ][ 16
cm
8 CXXXVI.2
28
CIV
8 CXXXVI. 3 28
cv
7 CXXXVII A 26
CVI
8 CXXXVIII
19
CVIII ... .
8 CXLIV ..
26
CIX
12 CXLV ..
25
CXII ... .
18 CLXVIII .
11
CXIII ... .
18 CXLIX .. 29
cxv ... .
18 CL ... . 30
exVI ... .
18 CLI 27
CXVII ...
9 CLII ... . 13
CXVIII ... 9 CLIII A . 20
CXIX 8 CLIII B . 20
CXXII ... 9
CLIV
18
CXXIII ... 15
CLV ... .
27
CXXIV ...
10 CLVI 27
cxxv ... .. 22 24 CLXXVI 22
CXXVI ... 24 CLXXIX 15
cxxx ... 17 CLXXXVII 19
CXXXI ... 17 CLXXXVIII 19
CXXXII. 1 11 CLXXXIX 19
CXXXII. 2 12 CXC ... . 16
The order of the Chapters in the Papyrus of Nu is
as follows
:
DESCRIPTION OF THE PAPYRI. XXI
XVII, XVIII, I, XXII, XXIII, XXV, XXVI, XXVII
XXX A, XLIII, XXIV, XXXI, XXXIII, XXXIV
XXXV, LXXIV, XLV, XCIII, XCI, XLI, XLII
LXVIII, XCII, LXIIIa, cv, xcv, lxxii, lxxi
CVI, XL, XC, CVIII, XLVII, CIV, CIII, LI, CXIX
xxxvi, xxxvii, lxxix, cxvii, cxviii, xxi
xii, cxxii, xcviii, lxxvi, lxxxv, lxxxii
lxxvii, lxxxvi, cxxiv, lxxxiii, lxxxiv
LXXXIa, lxxxvii, lxxxviii, cxxxii,cxlviii
LII, LIII, LXI, XXVIII, LVI, LVII, LIV, XXXVIII
LV, XXIX, XLVI, CIX, IX, CXXXII, XCIV, LXIIIb
VIII, LXIV (short version), II, III, CLII, LXXV
LXXVIII, CXC, CXXXIII, LXV, CXXXIII, LXVII
CLXXIX, CXXIII, CXLI, CXXXVI, CXXXIV
CXXX, CXXXI, LXXXIX, CLIV, CXV, CXVI, CXII
CXIII, CXXXVIII, CLXXXVII, CLXXXIX, XLIV
L, CLXXXVIII, IV, XCVI and XCVII, CLIIIa
CLIIIb, LXIV (long version), XXX b, XI, V, VI
CXIX, VII, CLXXVII, CXXV, CXXVI, CXLV
CXLIV, CXXXVII A, CI, CLVI, CLV, CLI, C, CII
CXXXVI A, CXXXVI B, CXLIX, CL. The following
portion of a Chapter is found on sheet 12, 1. 7 (com-
pare Chap. XXVIII)
T
^
^?
"f^
^^A
^
I
-i-j>,_.. um
XXII THE BOOK OF THE DEAD.
AAAAAA
-01 I I
The Chapters printed in the present work are
:

II, III, IV, Y, VI, VII, VIII, XI, XXI, XXV, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX A, XXX B, XXXI, XXXIII, XXXIV,
XXXV, XXXVI, XXXVII, XXXVIII, XL, XLII,
XLIII, XLVI, XLVII, L, LI, LIIa, LII b, LIII,
LIV, LV, LVI, LVII, LXIII b, LXIV (two versions),
LXV, LXVII, LXVIII, LXXIV, LXXV, LXXVI,
LXXVII, LXXVIII, LXXIX, LXXXI, LXXXII,
LXXXIII, LXXXIV, LXXXV, LXXXVI, LXXXVII,
LXXXVIII, LXXXIX, XC, XCI, XCIII, XCIV, XCV,
xcvi, xcvii, xcviii, xcix, c, CI, cii, cm,
CIV, CV, CVI, CVIII, CIX, CXII, CXIII, cxv,
CXVI, exVII, CXVIII, CXIX, CXXII, CXXIII,
CXXIV, CXXV
(3
parts), CXXVI, CXXX, CXXXI,
CXXXIII, CXXXIV, CXXXVIa (two versions),
CXXXVIb, CXXXVII, CXXXAail, CXLI, CXLII,
CXLIV, CXLVI, CXLVIII, CL, CLII, CLIII a
and B, CLIV, CLV, CLVI, CLXXIX, CLXXXVII,
CLXXXVIII, CXC [CXLVIII].
III. The Papyrus of Ani^ was found at Thebes,
and was acquired by the Trustees of the British Museum
1, See my Papyrus
of
Ani in the British Museum, plates and
translation, 2 vols., London, 1895.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PAPYRI. XXIII
in 1888. It is 78 feet long and 15 inches wide, and is
the longest known papyrus of the Theban Recension.
It is made of six distinct lengths of papyrus which
have been joined together with great neatness. The
text was written by three scribes at least, but the
beautiful Vignettes appear to have been painted by
one hand. In some instances the artist has occupied
so much space that the scribe has been obliged to
crowd the text, and at times he has written it on the
border. This proves that the Vignettes were drawn
before the text was written. The titles of the Chapters,
Rubrics, catchwords, etc., are written in red. The text
contains many serious errors, and a large section of
Chapter XVII has been entirely omitted. The papyrus
was probably produced in the latter years of the
XVIIIth dynasty, i. e., about B. C. 1400. Of Ani's
parentage Ave know nothing, but he held several im-
portant offices both at Thebes and Abydos, for he was
a "veritable royal scribe, scribe and registrary of the
''offerings of all the gods, overseer of the granaries of
"the Lords of Abydos, and scribe of the offerings of
"the Lords of Thebes".
D
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married
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1 1 21
the lady Thuthu
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singer and
priestess in the Temple of Amen-Ra at Thebes. The
I
II I I
XXIV THE BOOK OF THE DEAD.
Chapters from the Papyrus of Ani printed in the pre-
sent work are: I, II, V,
VIII, IX, X, XV, XVII,
XVIII, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXVI, XXVII, XXIX A
and B, XXX B, XLII (tabular form), XLIII, XLIV,
XLV, XLVI, LVIII, LIX, LXI, LXXVIII, LXXX,
LXXXI (two versions), LXXXIX, XCI, XCIII, CXXV
(Parts 1 and
2),
CXXXII, CXLVII , CXLVIII,
CLXXVI, and CLXXXVL
IV. The Papyrus of Iuau. This interesting" papyrus
was discovered by Mr. Theodore M. Davis at Thebes,
and published, with a description of its contents, by
Prof. E. Naville.^ It is about 30 feet long, and it con-
tains 40 Chapters of the Theban Recension of the Book
of the Dead. The papyrus was written for Iuau,
[ [
^^
'^
n ik>
^ father-in-law of Amen-hetep III
,
king of
Egypt about B. C. 1450, to which fact its value is
chiefly due. It is one of the very few fine copies of
the Theban Recension to which a tolerably exact date
can be assigned. The Vignettes are Avell painted, and
the text is good, and it contains an interesting version
of Chapter I B, in which the names of the Nine Ser-
pents of Amenti are given with pictures of them. The
Chapters from this papyrus printed in the present work
are: I, XIII, XVII, LXIII, LXIV (both versions),
LXXXI, LXXXII, CXIX, CIV, CX, CXXV (parts 2
and
3),
CXXXVI, CXLI, CXLIV, CXLVI, CLI,
CLV, and CLVI.
1. The Funeral Papyrus
of
louiya, London, 1908.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PAPYRI. XXV
V.
The Papyrus of Hunefer^ was found at Thebes,
and was purchased by the Trustees of the British Mu-
seum from the late Clot Bey in 1852. It is 18 feet
long", and IS^/g inches wide, and it is the shortest
known illustrated text of the Theban Recension. The
material is composed of three layers of gfood papyrus
of a light colour. The inscribed text is perfect, and
appears to have been the work of two scribes. The
titles of the Cha2)ters, catchwords, etc., are in red.
The Papyrus was written in the reign of Seti I, about
B. C. 1370, and the text states that Hunefer was the
king's steward, and the overseer of his cattle ; he was
also a royal scribe, and a superintendent of Western
Thebes
"-|
^J
^
^
^
C3^
"~^l
^
i
married the lady Nasha 'K
T^T^T ^^
'"
J\^
who was
a priestess and a singer in the Temple of Amen-Ra
at Thebes. The texts from this papyrus printed in the
present work are the Introductory Hymns to Ra and
Osiris ; the latter is commonly called Chapter CLXXXIIL
VI. The Papyrus of Mut-hetep was j)robably found
at Thebes. It was purchased by the Trustees of the
1. For a detailed description of the papyrus with texts and
translations, see Facsimiles
of
the Papyri
of
Hunefer, Anhal, etc.,
London, folio, 1899.
XXVI THE feOOK OF THE DEAD.
British Museum from Mr. Murray in 1861. It is 9 feet,
9^/2 inches long, and
13
^/g
inches wide; it is mounted
under ghass in five sheets, and hears the number 10,010.
This papyrus was probably written under the XXth dy-
nasty, about B. C. 1150, and is the work of a careful
scribe. The deceased was a priestess and singer in the
Temple of Amen-Ra at Thebes ^
-=^
^^^^^
(
^^
2v\
c.
D
j)
^
^ . The Vignettes are coloured,
f\Af^AAA
and are of peculiar interest ; they are figured in my trans-
lation of the Book of the Dead with the Chapters which
they illustrate. Chapter CLXXIV is a modified copy
of a passage in the text of the Pyramid of Unas,
lines 379 to 399. Its appearance along with Chapters
of the Theban Recension goes to prove that portions
of the older religious texts were made into Chapters
by giving them titles and supplying them Avith Vignettes.
The Chapters given in the papyrus are : XV, CLI,
CLXVIII, CLXXIV, CLXXV, and CLXXXII, all
of which are printed in the present work.
VII. The Papyrus of Nekht, a "chief of the bow-
men", and "veritable royal scribe", was found at Thebes,
and was acquired by the Trustees of the British Mu-
seum in 1888. It is 47 feet, P/g inches long, and 14
in. wide, and is mounted under glass in twenty-two
sheets; it bears the number 10,471. Nekht probably
flourished under the XXth dynasty; his Avife's name
was Thuau s=>^[ v\J}. His papyrus contains a
DESCRIPTION OF THE PAPYRI. XXVII
large number of Chapters, and is specially interesting
for its Vignettes, which are well painted ; the only text
in it printed in the present work is tlie fine Hymn to
Ra, which is found on sheet 21.
VIII. The papyrus of a person whose name is not
given. This 2)apyrus was found at Thehes, and was
acquired hy the Trustees of the British Museum in
1890. It is
15^2
feet long, and 11^/4 inches wide; it
is mounted under glass in seven sheets and hears the
number 10,478. The central portion of the papyrus
is filled with the picture of a hall having a door at
each end. The space between the ceiling and floor is
divided into three parts : in the first and third of these
is a
series of short addresses to personages in four
sections of the Other World, and in the second division
is a series of vignettes illustrating them. These ad-
dresses are printed in the present work as Chap-
ter CLXVIII. The papyrus opens with a vignette in
which the deceased is seen standing in adoration at a
table of offerings in the presence of Osiris ; on a
standard, before the god, are the four children of
Horus, and behind him is Heru-netch-tef. The ^'Chap-
ter" which accompanies this Vignette reads:

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in which the deceased, accompanied by his wife, is
seen standing in adoration at a table of offerings in
the presence of the god Osiris, who is seated in a
shrine. The god wears the
atef
crown, and in his riglit
hand is the crook, and in the left are the crook and whip.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PAPYRI. XXIX
emblems of sovereignty and dominion. Behind Osiris
stands Isis, who has on her head the disk and horns.
The text above the deceased reads : -<s>-
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III
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IX. The PAprRus of Queen Netchemet.
^
This pa-
papyrus was found at Der al-Bahri, in AVestern Thebes,
and Avas purchased by the Trustees of the British
Museum in 1894 at the sale of the Eg}^tian collection
of the late General ,Sir Edward Stanton, K. C. B. It
is 13 feet, 3 inches long, and 9 inches w^ide, and be-
longs to the period of the XXth dynasty. It bears
the number 10,490. It is inscribed in hieratic with
versions of Chapters CXLVIII, CXXV (Parts 1 and
2),
XIX, CXXIX, CI, CXXXIX and IB, and contains
several Vignettes which are also found in some of the
later Tombs of the Kings at Thebes. The Chapters
from this papyrus printed in the present work are :
XIX, CI, CXXXIX and CXLVIII.
X. Several Chapters, Hymns, etc. not found in other
papyri are printed from facsimiles and editions of them
published by Mariette, Leemans, Lepsius, Naville, Le-
febure, Bergmann and others. These are:
1. See my Facsimiles
of
the Papyri
of
Uunefer, Arlha?, Kerasher,
Netchemet^ etc. London, 1899, p.
44.
XXX
THE BOOK OF THE DEAD.
1. Papyrus of Mes-em-neter at Cairo, Chapters XIV,
XXXIX, LXIX, LXX, CLXIX, and CLXX. See Na-
yille, Todtenhuchj Einleitung,
p. 74,
2. Papyrus of Tura, surnained Nefer-uben-f, Chap-
ters LVII, LXII, CIX, CI and CLXI. See Naville,
Einleitu7ig,
p.
97.
3. Papyrus of Nekhtu-Amen at Berlin, Chapter I B.
See Naville, Einleitung^ 70.
4. Papyrus of Amen-hetep at Cairo, Chapters CXLII,
CLXXI. See Mariette, Les Papyrus Egyptiens, tome III,
Plate
7.
5. Papyrus of Qenna at Leyden, Chapter CLXXXI
and two Introductory Hymns. See Leemans, Pafyrus
Egyptiens, tome II, Plate 19.
6. Papyrus of Amen-em-heb at Paris, Chapter LXVI.
See Naville, Einleitung,
p.
103.
7. Papyrus of Ptah-mes (Papyrus Busca), Chap-
ter CXXVII B. See Naville, Einleitung,
p.
89.
8. Papyrus of Sutimes at Paris, Chapter CLXXXV.
See Guieyesse and Lefehure, Le Papyrus Funeraire
de Soutimes, Paris, 1877.
9. From a papyrus at Paris (No.
3073), Chap-
ter CLXXX; from a papyrus at Parma, Chapter XXIXA;
from a papyrus at Dublin, Cha})ter XV B 5. See Na-
ville, Einleitung,
pp.
86,
96 and 80.
10. FromtheToMBOFRAMESEsIV, Chapter CXXVII a.
See Lefehure, Tombeau de Ramses IV, Paris, 1889,
Plate XIII.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PAPYRI. XXXI
11. The Turin Papyrus, edited by Lepsius, Chap-
ters XII, XIX, XX, XXX, XXXII, LX, LXY, LXXIII,
CVII, CXX, CXXVIII, CXXIX, CXXXV, CXXXIX,
CXL, CXLII, CXLV, CXLVI, CLIV, CLY, CLVI,
CLVII, CLVIII, CLIX, CLXII, CLXIII, CLXIV,
CLXV.
12. The Coffin of Pa-nehem-Ast at Vienna, Chap-
ters XVIII, and XIX. See Bergmann, Jahrbuch, II,
1, 2,
Vienna, 1883.
LIST OF CHAPTERS.
Volume I.
I. Introductory Hymns
:

Papyrus of Ani
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LIST OF CHAPTERS.
II. Scene of the Weighing of the Heart.
Papyrus of Aiii
1. Names of. the gods of the Great Company
Papyrus of Ani
2. Prayer of the deceased (Chapter XXX B)
Papyrus of Aui
3. The Eater of the Dead. Papyrus of Aui
4. The Speech of Thoth.
5. The Speech of the Gods
G. The Speech of Horus
7. The Speech of Ani
III. The Chapters of Coming Forth hy Day:
XXXIII
PAGE
Chap. I.
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XXXIV THE BOOK OF THE DEAD.
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LIST OF CHAPTERS.
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Chap. CXLII c. The Forms of Osiris
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LVI THE BOOK OF THE DEAD.
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273
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Appendix I.
I. A Prayer for the preservation of a Pyra-
mid-Tomb ... ... ... ... ... ... IIG
II. The Contract beetween Amen-Ka and Nesi-
Khensu ... ... ... ... ... ... 117
III. The Book of Breathings. Part I. g)
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LIST OF CHAPTERS. LXV
PAGE
The Book of Breathings. Part II.
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IV. The Book of traversing Eternity, i
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The Book of traversing Eternity. Short
Version. Stele in the Vatican ... ... 157
V.
Address to Takhert-p-seru-abtiu. Papyrus
in the British Museum, No. 10,112 ... 160
VI. A PRAYER FOR THE PRESERVATION OF THE
Name. Pyramid of Pepi II ... ... ... 162
VII. Funeral Text of Hertu. Papyrus at Berlin 166
VIII. Funeral Text of Ankii-f-en-hetemti. Pa-
pyrus at Cairo ... ... ... ... ... 175
Appendix II.
Specimen Chapters of the Book of the Dead
FROM Recensions of Various Periods.
A. I. Chap. XLIL From the Pyramid of Pepi I 184
A. II. 1. Chap. XVII. From the tomh of Her ... 189
A. II. 2. Chap. XVII. From the sarcophagus of
Her 192
A. II. 3. Chap. XVII. From the sarcophagus of Her 200
A. II. 4. Chap. XVII. From the coffin of Sat-
Bast 205
LXVI THE BOOK OF THE DEAD.
PAGE
A. II. 5. Chap. XXIV. Of bringing spells ... 210
A. 11. G. Chap. XXIX. Of not letting the heart
of a man be carried away. Two Versions 211,
212
A. II. 7. Chap. XLIII. Of not letting the head
of a man be cut off ... ... ... ... 212
A. 11. 8,
9. Chap. LII. Of not eating filth. Two
Versions 213, 214
A. II. 10. Chap. LIV. Of liAdng in the air, of
smelling the air ... ... ... ... ... 215
A. II. 11, 12. Chap. LXII. Of having power
over water. Two Versions ... ... 217, 218
A. 11. 13. Chap. XCIX. Of bringing a Boat ... 219
A. II. 14. Cha]) Of finding the Rehti
Goddesses 228
A. II. 15. Chap Of not being tripped up
in the Other World 229
A. II. IG. Chap Of entering the Boat of
Hathor 230
A. II. 17. Chap Of entering the Boat of Ra 231
A. II. 18. Chap Of remembering Words
of Power
232
A. II. 19. Chap Of the rocognition of
Friends 234
A. II. 20. Chap Of journeying in peace
in the House of Osiris ... ... ... 238
A. III. 1. Chap. XXVI. From the Stone of Peta-
Amen-apt ... ... ... ... ... ... 241
A. III. 2. Chap. XXX b. From the Stone of Peta-
Amen-apt ... ... ... ... ... ... 242
LIST OF CHAPTERS. LXVII
PAGE
A. III. 3. Chap. LXIV. From the Stone of Peta-
Amen-apt ...
Chapters from the Coffin of Basa-en-Mut in the
British Museum :
A. IV. 1. Chap. I AH-
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OF Unas ...
PAGE
264
265
267
269
270
270
271
274
277
294
THE CHAPTERS
OF
COMING FORTH BY DAY.
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The Scene of the Weighing of the Heart
of the Deceased.
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I. Names of the Gods of the Great Company
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Chapter I.
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6).]
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1)
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22 THE BOOK OF THE DEAD.
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Chap, i] OF MAKING THE SA^U ENTER THE TUAT.
23
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1. The names of the Nine Serpents are given in the Davis Pa-
pyrus of luAU (ed. Naville, plate XIX)
;
see version B of this Chapter
on
p.
25.
24
THE BOOK OF THE DEAD. [Chap, i b
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Chap, i b] OF MAKING THE SAI.TU ENTER THE TUAT. 25
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THE BOOK OF THE DEAD.
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[Chap, ii
AAAAAA AAAAAA
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tures of the Nine Serpents.]
Chapter II.
[A. From the Papyrus of Nu (Brit. Mus. No. 10,477,
sheet
13).]
[B. From the Papyrus of Ani (Brit. Mus. No. 10,470, sheet
18).]
A I
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Chap, hi] OF LIVING AFTER DEATH.
21
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[From the Papyrus of Nu (Brit. Mus. No. 10,477, sheet
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THE BOOK OF THE DEAD. [Chap, iv
I
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[From the Papyrus of Nu (Brit. Mus. No. 10,477,
sheet
19).]
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CuAPs.v,vi] OF NOT DOING WORK IN THE TUAT.
29
Chapter V.
[A. From the Papyrus of Nu (Brit. Mus. No. 10,477, sheet
21).]
[B. From the Papyrus of Nebseni (Brit. Mus. No. 9,900,
sheet
11).]
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Chapter VI.
[A. From the Papyrus of Nu (Brit. Mus. No. 10,477, sheet 21).]
[B. From the Papyrus of Nebseni (Brit. Mus. No. 9,900,
sheet 10).]
A I
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30
THE BOOK OF THE DEAD. [Chap, vii
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Chaptee vii.
[From the Papyrus of Nu (Brit. Mus. No. 10,477, sheet
22).]
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Chap, vm] OF ENTERING AMENT BY DAY. 31
f
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Chapter VIII.
[A. From the Papyrus of Nu (Brit. Mus. No. 10,477, sheet
12).]
[B. From the Papyrus of Ani (Brit. Mus. No. 10,470, sheet
18).]
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32
THE BOOK OF THE DEAD. [Chap, ix
111^^ A
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Chaptee IX.
[From the Papyrus of Ani (Brit, Mus. No. 10,470, sheet
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33
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Chapter X.
[From the Papyrus of Ani (Brit. Mus. No. 10,470, sheet
18).]
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Chapter XT.
[From the Papyrus of Nu (Brit. Mus. No. 10,477, sheet
21).]
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34
THE BOOK OF THE DEAD. [Chap, xii
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[From the Papyrus of Nu (Brit. Mus. No. 10,477, sheet
9).]
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Chaps, xin, xiv] OF DESTROYING ANXIETY. 35
Chapter XIII. (Saite Recension, Chap. CXXI.)
[From the Papyrus of Nebseni (Brit. Mus. No. 9,900, sheet 12, line
6).]
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Hymn to Ra.
[From the Papyrus of Ani (Brit. Mus. No. 10,470, sheet
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Chap, xv] HYMN TO RA AT SUNRISE.
43
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45
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A Hymn to the setting Sun.
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THE ROOK OF THE DEAD. [Chap, xv
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A Hymn to the setting Sun.
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49
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50 VIGNETTE OF THE RISING SUN
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Chapter XVI.
The scene to which Lepsius inadvertently gave the
number XVI and which he regarded as a Chapter of
the Book of the Dead is, strictly speaking, only a
Vignette intended to accompany the Hymn to Ra at
Sunrise. In the Papyrus of Ani the Disk is seen sup-
ported by the hands of a pair of arms
[
j
which
proceed from the sign of "life"
";
this, in its turn,
is supported by the
tet u. Above is the vault of
heaven f=^, ^. e., the rounded end of the Tuat, and
on each side of the Disk are three apes,
or spirits of the dawn, with their paws raised in ado-
ration. On one side of the u kneels Nephthys, and on
the other Isis
;
beneath each goddess is the sign for
Chap, xvi] VIGNETTE OF THE SETTING SUN. 51
"gold" r^SSTi^ and both they and the u rest on the
horizon
c^. Some papyri have a Vignette accompanying
the Hymn to Ra at Sunset. In the Papyrus of Qenna
Ra appears in the form of a hawk resting on a stand-
O
ard, with the solar Disk on his head
.^.
Before him
kneel three hawk-headed gods/ each having his left
arm raised, and behind him kneel three jackal-headed
gods,^ each having his right arm raised. Below this
scene is a smaller one, in the centre of which we see
a cluster of lotus plants and two seated lions, each
with a disk on his head. On one side kneels Isis,
and on the other Nephthys, each goddess having her
hands raised in adoration of the Lion -gods, one of
whom symbolizes the rising sun and the other the
setting sun. In a papyrus at Dublin the setting sun
TO.
appears on the standard of Amentet
^,
which rests
on the horizon, with bread and ale
^^^;
and the god
is adored by four ape-gods and two gods and two
goddesses.
1. Their names are Horus, Mestha and IJapi.
2, Their names are Horus, Tuamutef and Qeb^sennuf.
4*
52
PRAISINGS AND COMMEMORATIONS. [Chap, xvii
Chapter XVII.
[From the Papyrus of luau (Davis Papyrus, ed. Naville, plate
12)
]
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Chap, xvii] PRAISINGS AND COMMEMORATIONS. 53
Chapter XVII.
[From the Papyrus of Nebseni (Brit. Mus. No. 9,900, sheet
13).]
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54
RA AND HIS NAMES. [Chap, xvii
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Chap, xvii] RA AND HIS NAMES. 55
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Chap, xvii] THE PLUMES OF RA. 57
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THE DOOR OF THE TUAT
59
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14).]
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THE BOOK OF THE DEAD.
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137
Chaptee xxxviii a.
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THE BOOK OF THE DEAD. [Chap, xxxviii b
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THE BOOK OF THE DEAD.
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[A. From the Papyrus of Nu (Brit. Mus. No. 10,477, sheet
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54).]
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143
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THE BOOK OF THE DEAD. [Chap, xlii
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148 THE BOOK OF THE DEAD. [Chap, xlii
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Chap, xlii] OF DRIVING AWAY SLAUGHTER
149
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150
THE BOOK OF THE DEAD. [Chap, xlii
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Chaptee xlii.
[From the Papyrus of Ani (Brit. Mus. No. 10,470, sheet
32).]
In the Papyrus of Ani only a portion of this Chapter
is given; i. e., the section which gives the names of the
deities with whom the various members of the body of
the deceased are identified
;
it is arranged in tabular
form and is printed on
pp.
151; 152; 153.
Chap, xlii] THE DEIFICATION OF MEMBERS.
151
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152
THE BOOK OF THE DEAD. [Chap, xlii
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Chap, xlii] THE DEIFICATION OF MEMBERS. 153
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154 THE BOOK OF THE DEAD. [Chap, xliii
Chaptee xliii.
[A. From the Papyrus of Nu (Brit. Mus. No. 10,477, sheet
5).]
[B. From the Papyrus of Ani (Brit. Mus. No. 10,470, sheet
17).]
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155
Chapter XLIV.
[From the Papyrus of Ani (Brit. Mus. No. 10,470, sheet
16).]
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sheet
16).J
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156 THE BOOK OF THE DEAD.
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Chaptee xlvi.
[A. From the Papyrus of Nebseni (Brit. Mus. No. 9,900, sheet
5).]
[B. From the Papyrus of Nu (Brit. Mus. No. 10,477, sheet
12).]
[C. From the Papyrus of Ani (Brit. Mus. No. 10,470, sheet
16).]
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Chaps, xlvii-l a] OF AVOIDING THE BLOCK.
Chapter XLVIL
157
[From the Papyrus of Nu (Brit. Mus. No. 10,477, sheet
8).]
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166 THE BOOK OF THE DEAD. [Chaps, liv, lv
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THE BOOK OF THE DEAD. [Chap, lxii
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[A. From the Papyrus of Nebseni (Brit. Mus. No. 9,900, sheet
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[B. From the Papyrus of Nefer-uben-f (Naville, op. cit., I, 72).]
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[B. From the Papyrus of luiiu (Davis Papyrus, ed. Naville, pi. IX).]
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THE BOOK OF THE DEAD. [Chaps. lxiiib,lxiv
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The LXIVth Chapter is one of the oldest and one
of the most important Chapters of the Book of the
Dead. It exists in two forms, one of which is much
longer than the other; both forms are given in the
Chap, lxiv] THE SIXTY-FOURTH CHAPTER. 175
oldest and best manuscri}3ts of the Theban Recension,
e.
g.^
the Papyrus of Nu and the Papyrus of luau.
The longer form is entitled "The Chapter of Coming
Forth by Day in Neter-khert" (i. e., the Other World),
and according to the Rubric the text was "found" by
Herutataf, a son of Cheops, cut on a block of baa
stone
(?),
in letters of real lapis-lazuli, in the city of Her-
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the Mykerinos of the Greeks, a king of the IVth dynasty.
It was to be recited by a man who was fasting from
meat and fish, and was ceremonially pure, in connection
with the Heart Chapter (XXX B), and with the per-
formance of the ceremony of "Opening the Mouth".
The shorter form is entitled "The Chapter of knowing
"the Chapters of Coming forth by Day in a single
"Chapter", and was "found'' in the temple of Hennu
by a chief mason in the reign of Semti, a king of the
1st dynasty. Another tradition assigned the composition
of the Chapter to the reign of Menthu-hetep, presumably
one of the kings of the Xlth dynasty. The shorter form
was probably regarded as an abridgment of all the
Chapters of Coming Forth by Day, and it seems to
have had a value which was equivalent to them all.
176
THE BOOK OF THE DEAD. [Chap, lxiv
Chapter LXIV. (Long" Version.)
[A. From the Papyrus of Nu (Brit. Mus. No. 10,477, sheets 20,
21).]
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177
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[From the Papyrus of Nebseni (Brit. Mus. No. 9,900, sheets 24 and
25).]
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