Setting Up A Lab-scale Sequential

Batch Reactor (SBR) for Wastewater

Treatment Study




Kalaiselvi Palani
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering
University of Malaya

SEMINAR PEMBENTANGAN KERTAS
KERJA STAF MAKMAL UM
9.2.2012
OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Wastewater treatment is a process to remove some or all of the
contaminants, improve and purify the water, making it fit for reuse or
discharge back to the environment. Treatment technology includes
physical, biological, and chemical methods

The goal of wastewater treatment in any community is to eliminate
disease-causing bacteria and to protect the human environment.

To comply with the regulations

COMPLIANCE TO
LAW OF MALAYSIA - EQA 1974 (ACT 127) :

Section 29. Prohibition of discharge of wastes into Malaysian waters.

(1) No person shall, unless licensed, discharge environmentally hazardous substances,
pollutants or wastes into the Malaysian waters in contravention of the acceptable conditions
specified under section 21.
[Am. Act 636:s.12]

(2) Any person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be
liable to a fine not exceeding five hundred thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for not
exceeding five years or to both.
[Am. Act A953:s.15]

Environmental Quality (Sewage) Regulations 2009 (PU 54 (A) 432)

Environmental Quality (Industrial Effluent) Regulations 57 2009 (PU (A) 434)



ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (SEWAGE) REGULATIONS
2009
SECOND SCHEDULE
(Regulation 7)
ACCEPTABLE CONDITIONS OF SEWAGE DISCHARGE OF STANDARDS A AND B
(i) New sewage treatment system
Parameter Unit Standard
A B
(1) (2) (3) (4)
(a) Temperature
o
C 40 40
(b) pH Value - 6.0-9.0 5.5-9.0
(c) BOD5 at 20C mg/L 20 50
(d) COD mg/L 120 200
(e) Suspended Solids mg/L 50 100
(f) Oil and Grease mg/L 5.0 10.0
(g) Ammoniacal Nitrogen (enclosed water body) mg/L 5.0 5.0
(h) Ammoniacal Nitrogen (river) mg/L 10.0 20.0
(i) Nitrate - Nitrogen (river) mg/L 20.0 50.0
(j) Nitrate - Nitrogen (enclosed water body) mg/L 10.0 10.0
(k) Phosphorous (enclosed water body) mg/L 5.0 10.0
Note:
Standard A is applicable to discharges into any inland waters within catchment areas listed in the
Third Schedule, while Standard B is applicable to any other inland waters or Malaysian waters.
STAGES IN CONVENTIONAL
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES
SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR (SBR)
SBR is a reactor that combines all treatment
steps and processes into a single basin, or tank
compared to conventional facilities which use
multiple basins

SBR uses activated-sludge process (microbes)
to treat wastewater.



SBR PLANT
SET UP OF SBR
SBR
BENCHTOP MODEL
(before and after FILL)
Sampling ports
Air inlet
Overflow level
control
FLOW SCHEMATIC OF THE EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
(Storage Tank and SBR reactor for process water treatment).
SBR OPERATION CYCLE
Source: University of Florida TREEO Centers Sequencing Batch Reactor
Operations and Troubleshooting Manual
1
5
4 3
2
1. FILL

Tank is filled with activated sludge (microbes needed for the
process).
Next Wastewater(Influent) is introduced into the SBR. The
influent is the food supply for the microbes.
Biochemical reaction will start.
Mixing is provided to ensure homogeneity.
Aeration is provided to supply oxygen demand by the
microbes.


2. REACT
During this phase, no new wastewater enters the basin and
the mechanical mixing and aeration units are on
continuously.
Microbes use up the organic material in the waste as food.
Most of the carbonaceous BOD removal occurs in the react
phase.
Nitrification occurs by allowing the mixing and aeration to
continue, while denitrification will takes place in the mixed-fill
phase.
The phosphorus released during mixed fill will be taken up
during the react phase.

3. SETTLE
Mixing and aeration is stopped.
Sludge is allowed to settle without any disturbances. An
efficient process will have sludge that settles as a flocculent
mass at the bottom of the tank and clear separation of the
supernatant at the top part.

4. DECANT

Clear supernatant (the treated wastewater) is now to be
drawn out from the top part of the tank without disturbing the
sludge(biomass) that has settled.

5. IDLE PHASE
A small amount of activated sludge at the bottom of
the SBR basin is pumped outa process called
wasting.
This is to control the population of microbes in the
tank.

NEXT ..
A NEW BATCH OF WASTEWATER IS INTRODUCED
INTO THE SBR AND
THE WHOLE PROCESS IS REPEATED.


Biological Process in SBR
Microbes use
up the organic
matter in
wastewater
Wastewater

Biological
nutrient
removal
Biological
nitrogen
removal
Biological
phosphorus
removal
Air
Set up Considerations
SBR Tank (Purchased Ready Or Self Designed)
Wastewater (Initial Characteristics determined)
Activated Sludge (acclimatized to the wastewater)
Sample Storage/Equalization Tank
Location/Temperature Control/Ambient
Aeration Devices Diffusers/Blowers/Flow meter
Pumping Equipment; Tubing ; Flow Calibration; Influent Flow Rate
Stirrers/Mixer /Impeller Type
Ph Control
Sampling Points/Sampling Devices
Waste Discharge Points/Power Requirement
Gas monitoring/Vent
In-situ/Online Measurement (Dissolved Oxygen; Ph)



MIXING DEVICE

DETERMINE SPEED OF
MIXING DEVICES USING
TORQUE METER

DIFFERENT TYPE OF IMPELLERS
CALIBRATION OF METERS

DO METER
PH METER
PERISTALTIC PUMP

DUAL CHANNEL PERISTALTIC
PUMP
SINGLE CHANNEL
PERISTALTIC PUMP
TUBING INSERTED
INTO HEAD
Tubing Number: 13 14 16 17 18 15
Tubing Size:
(OD x ID)
5
/
32
" x
1
/
32
"
(4 x 0.8 mm)
3
/
16
" x
1
/
16
"
(4.8 x 1.6 mm)
1
/
4
" x
1
/
8
"
(6.3 x 3 mm)
3
/
8
" x
1
/
4
"
(9.5 x 6.3 mm)
7
/
16
" x
5
/
16
"
(11 x 8 mm)
3
/
8
" x
3
/
16
"
(9.5 x 4.8 mm)
Wall Thickness:
1
/
16
"
(1.6 mm)
1
/
16
"
(1.6 mm)
1
/
16
"
(1.6 mm)
1
/
16
"
(1.6 mm)
1
/
16
"
(1.6 mm)
3
/
32
"
(2.4 mm)
Flow Rate with
MP-1 Pump
(
ml
/
min
)
0.03 3.6 0.11 12.6 0.4 48 1.4 168 1.9 228 0.83 100
Flow Rate with
MP-2 Pump
(
ml
/
min
)
0.36 36 1.3 126 5 480 17 1680 23 2280 10 1000
Recommended
Pump Head:
Fast Load
146924
Fast Load
146924
Fast Load
146924
Fast Load
146924
Fast Load
146924
Quick Release
146812
Tubing for use with pump heads:
Silicone, 3m 123732 123746 123760 123856 123788 123842
Silicone, 15m 123734 123748 123762 123858 123790 123844
Vinyl, 3m 123728 123742 123756 123852 123784 123838
Vinyl, 30m 123730 123744 123758 123854 123786 123840
Fluoroelastomer,
3m
123736 123750 123764 123860 123792 123846
Peristaltic Pump Tubing Selection Guide
BUY THE CORRECT SIZE AND TYPE AND CALIBRATE WITH THE
WASTEWATER TO BE USED (CONSIDER VISCOSITY OF LIQUID)

PERISTALTIC PUMP
ACCESSORIES
Tubing
Adapters
Tubing Clamp

AERATION DEVICES

Fine bubbles from ceramic
tube diffuser for aeration
Circular
shaped
diffuser
Flow meters to calibrate
flow and control flow rate

Air pump
and
manifold
SBR in Temperature
Control Bath

Reactor fully
set up in the
lab



REACTOR PERFORMANCE / MONITORING

Standard Methods for
Examination of Water
& Wastewater
21
st
Edition
PARAMETERS METHOD NO PART
ALKALINITY 2310
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
OXYGEN UPTAKE RATE 2710
SUSPENDED SOLIDS (BIOMASS-MLSS) 2540 D
VOLATILE SOLIDS 2540 E
BOD (BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND) 5210
ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS COD (CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND) 5220
VOLATILE ACIDS 5560
COLIFORM TEST 9222 MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION
PH 4500-H
INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS
AMMONICAL NITROGEN 4500-NH3
ORGANIC NITROGEN 4500-NORG
DISSOLVED OXYGEN 4500-O
PHOSPHATE 4500-P
Experimental
Results Showing
Efficiency Of
Treatment
Acknowledgement/References

http://www.neiwpcc.org/neiwpcc_docs/sbr_manual.pdf downloaded 18 J an 2012
http://www.wehrle-umwelt.com/sequencing-batch-reactor
http://www.google.com.my/search?q=sbr+reactor
Prof. Md. Ghazaly Shaaban; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR
ATTENTION