and partial-strength welds in quenched-and- tempered ASTM A514 steel is shown in Fig. 1.36. The fotmer weld is transverse to and the latter weld is parallel to the tensile load and the weldment. The plate has a tensile strength of a 110,000 psi, and it is welded with an E11018 covered electrode to provide afull strength weld, Fig. 1.3qA). When the stress is parallel to the weld axis, Fig. 1.36(B), a weld made with an E7018 covered electrode (70,000 psi minimum tensile strength) is adequate so long as there is sufficient weld to transmit any shear load from one member to the other. In the full-strength welded joint, both the plate and the weld metal have equivalent strengths and their behavior under load is shown by the stress strain curve shown in Fig. 1.3qA). If a transversely loaded test weld were pulled in ten- sion, it is likely that the plate would neck down and fail first. The weld would be stronger because of the reinforcement and the slightly higher strength of the weld metal and heat-affected zone as a result of rapid cooling following welding. In the partial-strength weld loaded axially, Fig. 1.36(B), both the plate and the weld would be strained together. As the member is loaded, thegtrain increases from 1 t o2on thestress-strain plot with a corresponding increase in the stress in both the plate and weld from 1 to3. At this point, the E7018 weld metal has reached its yield strength. On further loading, the strain is increased to 4. The weld metal is stressed beyond its yield strength at 5, and flows plastically. The stress in the plate, however, is still below its yield strength at 6. With still further loading, the strain will reach 7 where the ductility of the plate will be exhausted. The plate will fail first because the weld metal has greater ductility. The weld will not fail until its unit strain reaches 8. It is obvious in the example that the 70,000 psi weld metal has sufficient strength to carry axial load because it carries only a small portion of the total axial load on the weldment. When a weld must transmit the total load, it has to be as strong as the base metal. A514 plate & ~ Strainc - (A) Full-strength weld A514 plate b (B) Partial-strength weld F&. 1.36-Stress-strain characteristics of full and partial strength welds Copyright by the American Welding Society Inc Sat JUI a5 ia:52:58 1997