0

SAP AG
R
System Wide Concepts
Enterprise Structure
Organizational Structure
Data Structure
Technical Architecture
Documents
Data Warehouse
Workflo
(C) SAP AG TACO40 4-1
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SAP AG
R
System#Wide Concepts$ %nit O&'ecti(es
At the conclusion of this unit) you ill &e a&le
to$
*ist se(eral system#ide concepts
Descri&e the structure of R+, in general terms
*ist &enefits of the architecture of R+,
(C) SAP AG TACO40 4-2
0!,
SAP AG
R
O(er(ie$ System#Wide Concepts
R+, R+,
Client + Ser(er Client + Ser(er
A-A. A-A.
CO CO
Controlli ng Controlli ng
A/ A/
Asset /gmt Asset /gmt
.S .S
.ro'ect .ro'ect
System System
W0 W0
Workflo Workflo
1S 1S
1ndustry 1ndustry
Soluti ons Soluti ons
2R 2R
2uman 2uman
Resources Resources
SD SD
Sales 3 Sales 3
Distri&ution Distri&ution
.. ..
.roduction .roduction
.lanning .lanning
4/ 4/
4uality 4uality
/gmt /gmt
01 01
0inancial 0inancial
Accounting Accounting
./ ./
.lant /ai n# .lant /ain#
tenance tenance
// //
/aterials /aterials
/gmt /gmt
System#Wide Concepts
TeamSA. Academy
R+, O(er(ie 3
1ntegration
R+, Applications
Support 3 Ser(ices
5etting Started
(C) SAP AG TACO40 4-3
0!6
SAP AG
R
System#Wide Concepts$ -usiness Scenario
7ou ant to learn the &asic structure of the
R+, system
This ill help you decide if R+, is appropriate
for your company
(C) SAP AG TACO40 4-4
0!8
SAP AG
R
Enterprise Structure
.lant .lant
5roup 5roup
Storage Storage
location location
Department Department
.roduct .roduct
line line
Ser(ice company Ser(ice company
Company Company Su&sidiary Su&sidiary
SA. SA.
Client Client
Company code Company code
.lant .lant
Storage location Storage location
Sales Sales
organization organization
Di(ision Di(ision
Distri&ution Distri&ution
channel channel
Distri&ution Distri&ution
channel channel
An enterprise structure is mapped to SAP applications using organizational units. Organizational units handle speci fic business functions.
Organizational units may be assigned to a single application. (for example, sales organization assigned to Sales) or to several applications (for example, plant assigned to aterials anagement and Production Planning).
!he enterprise structure is organized hierarchically in the SAP System. !he client is at the highest level and may cover several company codes.
Several plants may be assigned to one company code and several "arehouses may be assigned to one plant.
(C) SAP AG TACO40 4-5
0!9
SAP AG
R
Organizational Structures
Client Client
.lant :000 .lant ::00 .lant :"00
Company Code
::00
Company Code
:000
Controlling Area
"000
!he highest#level element of all organizational units is the client. !his may be a company group "ith several subsidiaries. All the enterprise data of the $%& installation is bro'en do"n at least into client area, usually also into lo"er level organizational structures.
(lexible organizational units in the $%& System $%& enable more complex enterprise structures to be modeled. )f there are many organizational units, the legal and organizational structure of a company can be presented in different vie"s.
*y lin'ing the organizational units the separate enterprise areas can be integrated and the structure of the "hole enterprise represented in $%&.
(C) SAP AG TACO40 4-6
0!;
SAP AG
R
Data Types in R+,
/aster /aster
Data Data
.lant .lnt Section .ersResponsi&le .hone
:000
:000
"000
0:0
:00
:00
,000 :00
We&er
/eyer
Schultz
*e(y
:;8;
:<96
;899
"9,;
.urchase Order
:
"
Transactional Data
Purchase order
Goods receipt
Accountin postin
/aster Data
Custo!er !aster
"ateria# !aster
Asset !aster
$endor !aster
Ta&le Data =Customizing>
Pa%!ent ter!s
To#erance settins
Pricin condition ta&#es
!here are & different types of data in the $%& system.
!ransactional data is the day#to#day information that is put into or generated by the system. )t includes transactions in all applications.
aster data is core information that is shared across applications.
!able data is the data that is specially configured for your business.
(C) SAP AG TACO40 4-'
0!?
SAP AG
R
/aster Data
@ies
/aster Data /aster Data
= =0or eAample 0or eAample) ) customer customer
master data master data> >
5eneral 5eneral Data Data
= =cross cross# #company company> >
Sales and Sales and
Distri&ution Distri&ution
Data Data
Accounting Data Accounting Data
=rele(ant =rele(ant for for
company code only company code only> >
aster data refers to data records held for a long period of time in the database. ((or example, customers, suppliers, materials, accounts).
aster data is stored on a central system (cross#application).
+xample, !he customer master data # delivery, invoice, payment and so on could be used in one customer order.
aster data has an organizational function. )t is assigned to organizational units.
aster data may be used across modules
+xample, -ustomer master data share the sales and distribution and financial accounting data. One customer master record may be assigned to the follo"ing organizational units,
company code
sales organization
distribution channel
division
(C) SAP AG TACO40 4-(
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SAP AG
R
1ntegrated Technical Architecture
Operating System Operating System
2ardare 2ardare
SD
//
..
4/
./
2R
01
CO
A/
.S
W0
1S
R+,
.sing the $%& *asis System, you can run applications can on different platforms "ith increased performance and adapt them to customers/ individual re0uirements.
!he $%& *asis soft"are processes the application/s re0uirements and for"ards them to the database. )t also
ensures that the application is optimally embedded in the system environment
defines a stable architecture frame"or' for system enhancements
contains the tools for managing the "hole system
enables distribution of resources and system components
provides interfaces for decentralized system components and external products
(C) SAP AG TACO40 4-)
0!:0
SAP AG
R
Client+Ser(er En(ironment
SA. R+, architecture is &ased on a softare#oriented)
multi#tier client+ser(er principle
The multi#tier client+ser(er architecture ithin the SA.
R+, netork pro(ides optimum use of processing
resources and fleAi&ility for future groth
SA. R+, integrated softare functionality is porta&le
across different hardare platforms
*ogical and physical structures allo task processing
to &e distri&uted across the en(ironment
Client/Server Basic Principles
)n SAP terminology, a soft"are component provides a service (soft"are#oriented vie"). !his type of component can consist of a process or a group of processes and is then called a server for that service.
Soft"are components that use this service are called clients. At the same time, such clients can also be servers for speci fic services.
Aserver often also means a computer (host) on "hich soft"are components run that provide specific services (hard"are#oriented vie").
(C) SAP AG TACO40 4-10
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SAP AG
R
Documents$ Output Types
Output
Ti!in
Output t%pe
.rinter 0aA
TeleA
E#/ail ED1 Online
=output to screen>
******************************
******************************
******************************
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
1mmediately
=e!g!) create an order>
On reBuest
=e!g!) print transaction>
With neAt selection run
or at a specified time
=e!g!) scheduling>
******************************
******************************
******************************
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
******************************
******************************
******************************
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
******************************
******************************
******************************
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
******************************
******************************
******************************
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
******************************
******************************
******************************
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
******************************
******************************
******************************
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
+ach time you save a 0uotation re0uest, order, outline agreement, 0uotation re0uest confirmation, delivery note and so on, an output format is generat ed by the document concerned. !his output format represents a message (message type). !he message is then placed in the message 0ueue and then, from here it can be released for printing or output via +1), or "hatever is
re0uired. essages can be released either automatically or manually using a message control program.
2ou can release individual messages during processing via the different communication media, provided that the relevant message types and communication media have been assigned in -ustomizing. 2ou can define "hen and ho"messages are sent for each document type.
Aform can be defined for each message type, containing for example the format of the message
essage control can be the default value in the master record of the business partner.
(C) SAP AG TACO40 4-11
0!:"
SAP AG
R
Reporting Concepts
Online
Transaction
.rocessing
+ATA
,A-.-
/O0S.
O1TP
O1AP
Analysis tools
Online
Analytical
.rocessing
Aggregated information
1ntegrated application modules
Sales and
Distri&ution
0inance
.roduction
.lanning
/aterials
/anagement
EAternal
data
State#of#the#art data "arehouse concepts use a three#tier model as the starting point for implementing efficient, integrated information systems.
!he three tiers subdivide the flo" of data, from data ac0uisition in the operative systems right through to the presentation of information at the top level.
)ntegrated, operative applications in O3!Psystems form the basis for obtaining information. !hey are filled "ith large 0uantities of master and process data. !he )nformation Systems serve to present this information in a compact and structured form.
!his is achieved by compressing the application data to obtain more compact, informative 'ey figures and then managing it in the database tables of a data "arehouse.
!he statistical data obtained in this "ay can then be analyzed using a variety of analysis tools "hich are available in the third tier.
!hese tools offer a "ide range of methods that allo" statistical data to be analyzed and presented in an effici ent and impressive "ay. !hey can therefore ma'e a huge contribution to"ards reducing the time needed to ma'e decisions in modern management.
(C) SAP AG TACO40 4-12
0!:,
SAP AG
R
*ogistics Data Warehouse in R+,
4ty
Time
1nfo structures
-usiness
1ntelligence
SA. R+, SA. R+"
S0:" S0:"
*1S updating
S!!! S!!!
S0,< S0,<
S00: S00:
Online
Transaction
.rocessing
+ATA
,A-.-
/O0S.
O1TP
O1AP
Online
Analytical
.rocessing
!he 3ogistics )nformation System is a component of the SAP Open )nformation 4arehouse and provides information from the areas of Sales and 1istribution, Purchasing, Production, )nventory anagement, 4arehouse anagement, Plant aintenance, and 5uality
anagement.
)mportant information is stored in the 3ogistics 1ata 4arehouse/s o"n database, "hich is maintained in parallel to the operational systems. !he 'ey concept here is that the detailed data in the operational systems is transformed into significant 'ey figures.
(urther information systems are available for the (inancial Accounting, -ontrolling, and 6uman $esources modules.
(C) SAP AG TACO40 4-13
0!:6
SAP AG
R
Workflo in R+,
Application Application
Arrange
(isit
Ad'ust
credit limit
Change
production
plan
SD - Clerk SD - Clerk
0leAi&le 0leAi&le
link link
Prod. Manager Prod. Manager
Credit-clerk Credit-clerk
Sales Rep. Sales Rep.
/a'or Customer
Workflo
Change customer Change customer
master master
Change Change
document document
SAP *usiness 4or'flo" is a support tool that can optimize the execution of activities. 4or' steps carried out consecutively can be automated, the information flo"s can be coordinated.
4or'flo" enables the electronic "or'flo" management of structured flo"s that,
-over a se0uence of activities
Al"ays occur in the same or similar form
)nvolve several departments or people
4or'flo" controls flo" according to a predefined model and are especially suited for structured organizations divided into departments%divisions
4or'flo" brings the 7right7 "or' in the 7right7 order at the 7right7 time to the 7right7 people. !his can be done through automated mail or through a "or'flo" item.
A"or'flo" item is a "or'flo" tas' that has itself been generated from a "or'flo" and appears in the inbox of the office component.
)f human%manual intervention is re0uired, employees can deal "ith messages in their electronic mail boxes.
4or'flo" is not, +#mail, +1), A3+ or management of screen se0uences "ithin a transaction # 4or'flo" can ma'e use of all these processes.
(C) SAP AG TACO40 4-14
0!:8
SAP AG
R
EAtended Supply Chain (ia 1nternet
@endor Customer
Purchasing Purchasing
Production Production
Sales/Shipping Sales/Shipping
Contract
1nternet
Contract
1nternet 1nternet
1ntranet 1ntranet
.urchase
Order
.roducts
Order
.roducts
Internet / Intranet Applications in the R/3 System
!he )nternet !ransaction Server ()!S) is the technological basis for )nternet application components. !he )!S constitutes the interface bet"een an 6!!P server (6yper!ext !ransfer Protocol) and the $%& System. !he 4eb*ro"ser acts as a presentation program. !he 6!!Pserver transfers the data to the bro"ser client. !he soft"are is available as of $%& $elease &.89 and runs under a server for 4indo"s :!; <.=.
!oma'e it easier for users to connect the $%& System to the )nternet, SAP has developed )nternet application components for important business application scenarios. !hese scenarios can either be used directly or as as a reference for your o"n developments.
!he range of applications is not limited to the "orld"ide )nternet. (or internal communication in a company, the significance of the )ntranet is increasing. )n both net"or's the same protocols and services are used that "ere originally developed for the )nternet.
Adescription of the )nternet scenarios is available in the online documentation.
(C) SAP AG TACO40 4-15
0!:9
SAP AG
R
System#Wide Concepts$ %nit Summary
*ist se(eral system#ide concepts
Descri&e the structure of R+, in general terms
*ist &enefits of the architecture of R+,
(C) SAP AG TACO40 4-16