IMPACT OF VOLCANIC ASH TOWARD THE RAINFALL

QUANTITY
(CASE STUDY OF MOUNT SINABUNG ERUPTION ON
SEPTEMBER 7
th
2013
Rizki Adzani
Paulus Agus Winarso
Bambang Suprihadi
School of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics
Abstract
During the year 2013, eruptions of Mount Sinabung, coordinated 3,17 N and 98,38 E,
occurred seera! ti"es triggered dust partic!es that significant!y inf!uenced rainfa!!# $eop!e in
%aro &igh!ands, %aro District, North Su"atera suffered fro" the i"pact of such eruption# 'he
ob(ectie is to identify )eather in North Su"atera before, during and after the eruption of Mount
Sinabung*s strongest eruption and to ana!y+e the effect of its eruption to)ard rainfa!! ,uantity in
Medan, Sibo!ga, De!i Serdang, -unung Sito!i, Meu!aboh and .ho/seu"a)e# Supported by
isobar "aps, strea"!ine "aps, S02 distribution and rainfa!! data ta/en during 21 days consisted
of 7 days before, upon pea/ eruption on Septe"ber 7
th
2013 and 13 days after)ard, the 0utgoing
.ong1)ae 2adiation 30.24 a!ue )as app!ied to deter"ine the !ee! of !ong1)ae radiation,
a!so dai!y )eather "ap for sea !ee! pressure, )ind fie!d, and the a!ue of 2&# 2esu!t sho)ed
after the eruption, 0.2 a!ues in North Su"atera and 5ceh aried fro" 617 to 180 9:"
2
# 'he
)ind b!e) fro" east to )est , brought air "asses fro" the $acific 0cean )aters containing "ore
)ater apor resu!ting to high rain intensity in Su"atera# Eddy circu!ation and !o) pressure center
triggered rain of ;0 "" in De!i Serdang# Such eruption spread S02 to North Su"atera and 5ceh
resu!ting to condensation nuc!ei then increasing rainfa!! in the area )ith high a!ue of 2&# <n
contrast, in areas of !o) 2&, S02 acted as a hygroscopic aeroso!s partic!e, that reduced rain to
0,1 "" in .ho/seu"a)e#
Keywords: o!canic ash, aeroso!s, rainfa!! ,uantity
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3S'>D< %5S>S .E'>S5N ->N>N- S<N5=>N- 7 SE$'EM=E2 20134
Rizki Adzani
Paulus Agus Winarso
Bambang Suprihadi
Akademi Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofsika
5bstra/
Sepan(ang tahun 2013, !etusan -unung Sinabung yang ter!eta/ di 3,17 .> and 98,38 =',
te!ah ter(adi beberapa /a!i yang "enghasi!/an parti/e! debu yang secara signifi/an
"e"pengaruhi (u"!ah curah hu(an di /ota1/ota se/itarnya# Masyara/at di dataran tinggi %aro,
%abupaten %aro Su"atera >tara "enderita dari da"pa/ /e(adian !etusan ini# 'u(uan pene!itian
ini ada!ah "engidentifi/asi /ondisi cuaca di )i!!ayah Su"atera >tara pada sebe!u", saat dan
sete!ah !etusan ter/uat -unung Sinabung dan "engana!isa da"pa/ !etusan tersebut terhadap
intensitas curah di /ota Medan, Sibo!ga, De!i Serdang, -unung Sito!i, Meu!aboh dan
.ho/seu"a)e# Dengan didu/ung peta isobar, strea"!ine, sebaran S02 dan data curah hu(an yang
dia"bi! se!a"a 21 hari yaitu 7 hari sebe!u", saat !etusan ter/uat 7 Septe"ber 2013 dan 13 hari
sete!ahnya# Ni!ai 0utgoing .ong1)ae 2adiation diap!i/asi/an da!a" "enentu/an !ee! radiasi
ge!o"bang pan(ang, serta peta te/anan "u/a !aut, angin dan ni!ai 2&# &asi! "enun(u//an bah)a
ste!ah !etusan, ni!ai 0.2 di Su"atera >tara 5ceh berariasi antara 617 sa"pai 180 9:"
2
# 5ngin
bertiup ti"uran "e"ba)a "assa udara dari Sa"udera $asifi/ yang "engandung banya/ uap air
yang "endu/ung hu(an !ebat di Su"atera >tara# Sir/u!asi Eddy dan pusat te/anan rendah
"endu/ung hu(an ;0 "" di De!i Serdang# S02 yang tersebar di Su"atera >tara dan 5ceh
bertinda/ sebagai inti /ondensasi yang "ening/at/an intensitas hu(an di daerah dengan /ondisi
ni!ai 2& tinggi# Seba!i/nya, di daerah1daerah dengan 2& rendah , S02 bertinda/ sebagai parti/e!
aeroso! higros/opis yang "engurangi hu(an hingga 0#1 "" di .ho/seu"a)e#
%ata /unciB Debu u!/ani/, aeroso!, (u"!ah curah hu(an#