Introduction to the GeoWeb

ABT 182 - Winter 2014

Alex Mandel
Geography Graduate Group
University of California, Davis
Davis, California 95616
aimandel@ucdavis.edu
March 5, 2014
Creative Commons Attribution Share-alike Non-commercial
What is the GeoWeb?
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What is the GeoWeb?
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What is the GeoWeb?
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What is the GeoWeb?
A. Mandel (UCD) GeoWeb March 2014 5 / 18
What is the GeoWeb?
Denitions
Web 2.0: a 2-way website where the user can interact and edit
Spatial Data Infrastructure a.k.a Stack: All parts connected
Neo-geography: Non-traditional or untrained, users and methods
A. Mandel (UCD) GeoWeb March 2014 6 / 18
What is the GeoWeb?
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What is the GeoWeb?
A. Mandel (UCD) GeoWeb March 2014 8 / 18
What is the GeoWeb?
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Starting Simple - Web Clients
How can I do Geoweb?
Mashups - Blending 2
+
data sources
Flickr Photos on a Google Map
Broadband availability(FCC) vs. Wildres(CalFire)
API - Application Programming Interfaces
1
Javascript - .js
Flex (Flash) - Action-script, requires plugin
Html5 Canvas - .js of the future (the future is now-ish)
1
OpenLayers, Leaet
A. Mandel (UCD) GeoWeb March 2014 10 / 18
Starting Simple - Web Clients
How can I do Geoweb?
Mashups - Blending 2
+
data sources
Flickr Photos on a Google Map
Broadband availability(FCC) vs. Wildres(CalFire)
API - Application Programming Interfaces
1
Javascript - .js
Flex (Flash) - Action-script, requires plugin
Html5 Canvas - .js of the future (the future is now-ish)
1
OpenLayers, Leaet
A. Mandel (UCD) GeoWeb March 2014 10 / 18
Currency of the GeoWeb
KML
<?xml v e r s i o n= 1. 0 encodi ng= ut f 8 ?>
<kml xml ns= h t t p : //www. ope ngi s . net /kml /2. 2 >
<Document><Fol de r><name>wor l d</name>
<Schema name= wor l d i d= wor l d >
<Si mpl e Fi e l d name=Name t ype= s t r i n g ></
Si mpl e Fi e l d>
<Si mpl e Fi e l d name= De s c r i p t i o n t ype= s t r i n g ></
Si mpl e Fi e l d>
<Si mpl e Fi e l d name=name t ype= s t r i n g ></
Si mpl e Fi e l d>
</Schema>
<Pl acemar k>
<name>wor l d</name>
<St y l e><Li n e St y l e><c o l o r>f f 0 0 0 0 f f</ c o l o r></
Li n e St y l e><Po l y St y l e><f i l l >0</ f i l l ></
Pol y St y l e></ St y l e>
<ExtendedData><SchemaData schemaUr l=#wor l d >
<Si mpl eData name=Name>wor l d</ Si mpl eData>
</SchemaData></ExtendedData>
<Pol ygon><out e r Boundar yI s><Li ne ar Ri ng><
c o o r d i n a t e s>180,90 180,90 180 , 90
180, 90 180,90</ c o o r d i n a t e s></ Li ne ar Ri ng
></ out e r Boundar yI s></ Pol ygon>
</ Pl acemar k>
</ Fol de r></Document></kml>
GeoJson
{ t ype : Fe a t u r e Co l l e c t i o n ,
f e a t u r e s :
[ { t ype : Feat ur e , geometr y :
{
t ype : Pol ygon ,
c o o r d i n a t e s : [
[ [ 180 , 90] , [ 180 , 90] , [ 180 , 90] ,
[ 180 , 90] , [ 180 , 90] ]
] } ,
p r o p e r t i e s : {
name : wor l d ,
}
}
] }
GML - not shown here
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Currency of the GeoWeb, 2
Basemaps
Google, Bing, Mapquest ...
Satellite (AirPhoto), Terrain (Topography), Street (Road Atlas),
Oblique (3D) ...
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Sourcing Data - Web Services
Web Map Service (WMS)
Vector and Raster layers combined into a Raster output
Low bandwidth, server works harder, one-way + GetFeatureInfo
Web Feature Service (WFS)
Vector layer served as vector layer
Low bandwidth when few features(zoomed in), more than 100 points
slows many browsers, one-way OR two-way (Transactional)
Parameters, bounding box, zoom level(or scale), etc
http://firefly.geog.umd.edu/wms/wms?SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.1.
1&REQUEST=GetMap&LAYERS=fires24&width=400&height=250&BBOX=
-180,-90,180,90;
http://nsidc.org/cgi-bin/atlas_north?service=WFS&version=1.
1.0&request=GetFeature&typename=greenland_elevation_contours
A. Mandel (UCD) GeoWeb March 2014 13 / 18
Sourcing Data - Web Services
Web Map Service (WMS)
Vector and Raster layers combined into a Raster output
Low bandwidth, server works harder, one-way + GetFeatureInfo
Web Feature Service (WFS)
Vector layer served as vector layer
Low bandwidth when few features(zoomed in), more than 100 points
slows many browsers, one-way OR two-way (Transactional)
Parameters, bounding box, zoom level(or scale), etc
http://firefly.geog.umd.edu/wms/wms?SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.1.
1&REQUEST=GetMap&LAYERS=fires24&width=400&height=250&BBOX=
-180,-90,180,90;
http://nsidc.org/cgi-bin/atlas_north?service=WFS&version=1.
1.0&request=GetFeature&typename=greenland_elevation_contours
A. Mandel (UCD) GeoWeb March 2014 13 / 18
Sourcing Data - Web Services
Web Map Service (WMS)
Vector and Raster layers combined into a Raster output
Low bandwidth, server works harder, one-way + GetFeatureInfo
Web Feature Service (WFS)
Vector layer served as vector layer
Low bandwidth when few features(zoomed in), more than 100 points
slows many browsers, one-way OR two-way (Transactional)
Parameters, bounding box, zoom level(or scale), etc
http://firefly.geog.umd.edu/wms/wms?SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.1.
1&REQUEST=GetMap&LAYERS=fires24&width=400&height=250&BBOX=
-180,-90,180,90;
http://nsidc.org/cgi-bin/atlas_north?service=WFS&version=1.
1.0&request=GetFeature&typename=greenland_elevation_contours
A. Mandel (UCD) GeoWeb March 2014 13 / 18
Optimizing Data - Tiling
xyz: (x,y,zoom level) 256x256px at a time
Cached: the tiles are made ahead of time.
Fast on the server, Fast on the client
Not very interactive, commonly used for Basemaps aka background
images
Usually oered in only one Projected Coordinate System
Google/Popular/Web/Pseudo- Mercator aka EPSG: 900913, EPSG:3875 (ESRI might call them
102113 or 102100, was 3875 briey)
Reference http://www.maptiler.org/
google-maps-coordinates-tile-bounds-projection/
WMTS Standard, XYZ, TMS ...
Software: Tilecache,Tilestache, GeoWebCache, TileMill ...
2
Services: Google, Yahoo, Bing, Mapquest, Nasa, USGS, NOAA, etc ...
2
Built in to many WMS servers.
A. Mandel (UCD) GeoWeb March 2014 14 / 18
Optimizing Data - Tiling
xyz: (x,y,zoom level) 256x256px at a time
Cached: the tiles are made ahead of time.
Fast on the server, Fast on the client
Not very interactive, commonly used for Basemaps aka background
images
Usually oered in only one Projected Coordinate System
Google/Popular/Web/Pseudo- Mercator aka EPSG: 900913, EPSG:3875 (ESRI might call them
102113 or 102100, was 3875 briey)
Reference http://www.maptiler.org/
google-maps-coordinates-tile-bounds-projection/
WMTS Standard, XYZ, TMS ...
Software: Tilecache,Tilestache, GeoWebCache, TileMill ...
2
Services: Google, Yahoo, Bing, Mapquest, Nasa, USGS, NOAA, etc ...
2
Built in to many WMS servers.
A. Mandel (UCD) GeoWeb March 2014 14 / 18
Optimizing Data - Tiling
xyz: (x,y,zoom level) 256x256px at a time
Cached: the tiles are made ahead of time.
Fast on the server, Fast on the client
Not very interactive, commonly used for Basemaps aka background
images
Usually oered in only one Projected Coordinate System
Google/Popular/Web/Pseudo- Mercator aka EPSG: 900913, EPSG:3875 (ESRI might call them
102113 or 102100, was 3875 briey)
Reference http://www.maptiler.org/
google-maps-coordinates-tile-bounds-projection/
WMTS Standard, XYZ, TMS ...
Software: Tilecache,Tilestache, GeoWebCache, TileMill ...
2
Services: Google, Yahoo, Bing, Mapquest, Nasa, USGS, NOAA, etc ...
2
Built in to many WMS servers.
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Data Discovery - Catalog Services, CSW
Searches metadata in online data libraries
Geonetwork, Geoportal, pycsw ...
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Spatial Data Infrastructure
Stack of software for making maps
a software client - to display, query, and analyze spatial data
a catalog service - for the discovery, browsing, and querying of
metadata, spatial services, spatial datasets, or other resources,
a spatial data service - allowing the delivery of the data via the
Internet
processing services - such as datum and projection transformations
a (spatial) data repository - to store data, e.g. a Spatial database
GIS software (client or desktop) - to create and update spatial data
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_data_infrastructure
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In the Real World
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Advanced Tools
Web Processing Services
Send commands to server that does GIS. An server based toolbox.
Results are saved on the server and made available via web services.
Web Frameworks
Toolkits for building websites, so you dont have to reinvent the wheel
Django, MapFish, GeoMoose, SharpNet ...
GeoExt, MapQuery, JQuery ...
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Examples, Tools, and Interesting Links
http://compareamap.org
http://live.osgeo.org
http://cartodb.com/
http://mapbox.com/
http://stamen.com/
http://www.maptiler.org/google-maps-coordinates-tile-bounds-projection/
http://geojsonlint.com/
http://developmentseed.org/
http://clients.alexandria.ucsb.edu/globetrotter/
http://www.oldmapsonline.org/
http://fieldpapers.org/
http://publiclaboratory.org/home
http://mapknitter.org/
http:
//dev.openlayers.org/releases/OpenLayers-2.13.1/examples/georss-flickr.html
http://geocommons.com/maps/137227
http://www.walkscore.com/apartments/CA/Davis?overlay=walkability
http://www.trulia.com/for_sale/Davis,CA/x_map
http://haiti.openstreetmap.nl/
http://maps.ice.ucdavis.edu/developer
http://maps.google.com/
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