24 Chemical Arithmetic

7. (d) For NaOH,

N M
) ( 100 1 100
1 1
N ml N ml V N
For
4 2
SO H ,
) ( 100 10 10
2 2
N ml N ml V N
Hence,
2 2 1 1
V N V N .
10. (b) 1 mole of
4
CH contains 4 mole of hydrogen
atom i.e. 4g atom of hydrogen.
11. (a)
NaI O S Na I SO Na + +
+ + 5 . 2
6 4 2 2
2
3 2
1 5 . 0 2 n
M
M
n
M
E

1 factor
12. (b)
5
M
E
13. (a) tomic mass
100
11 !1 1" 10 +

100
!"1 1"0+

100
10!1


!1 . 10
14. (c) 0.1M
3
AgNO #ill react #ith 0.1M NaCl to
form
3
1 . 0 NaNO M . $%t as the &ol%me
do%bled, conc. of M NO 05 . 0
2
1 . 0
3

.
16. (c) #t. of metallic chloride 5 . '4
#t. of chlorine ( 35.5
#t. of metal 3" 5 . 35 5 . '4
)*%i&alent #eight of metal
5 . 35
chlorine of #eight
metal of #eight

3" 5 . 35
5 . 35
3"

17. (a) 5.!L of gas has mass gm 5 . '
22.4L + + + (
"6 . 2! 4 . 22
! . 5
5 . '

,o molec%lar #eight ( 2"
,o, molec%lar form%la of com-o%nd is NO
18. (d) 1'gm
3
NH contains
23
10 6
molec%les
of
3
NH
4.25gm
3
NH contains (
25 . 4
1'
10 6
23

.o. of atoms 4
1'
25 . 4 10 6
23

23
10 6
.
19. (a) 1L of gas at ,./.0. #eight 1.16g
22.4 L of gas at ,./.0. #eight
16 . 1 4 . 22
26 "!4 . 25
/his molec%lar #eight indicates that gi&en
com-o%nd is
2 2
H C .
20. (a) 1olec%lar #eight
D V. 2
4 . 22 2 . 11 2
22.4gm of gas occ%-ies 22.4L at ,./.0.
11.2gm of gas occ%-ies
L 2 . 11 2 . 11
4 . 22
4 . 22
.
21. (b) )*%i&alent #eight
2alency
#eight 1olec%lar

1olec%lar #eight of
63
2
126
2
2
3
O H
OOH C
COOH
.
22. (b) 2alency of the element
5 . 35
. 2
+

E
D V
5 . 35 4
25 . 5" 2
+

5 . 3"
50 . 11!
(3.
23. (d) 1olarity
#eight molec%lar ) (
1000 ) (

ml V
gm W
#eight molec%lar 25
1000 25 . 1
25 . 0

1olec%lar #eight 200

25 25 . 0
1000 25 . 1

.
24. (c) 4et #eight of metal o5ide ( 100gm
6eight of o5ygen ( 32gm
#eight of metal
gm 6! 32 100
25 Chemical Arithmetic
)*%i&alent #eight of o5ide
!
o5ygen of #t.
metal of #t.

1' !
32
6!
.
25. (a)
23
10 6
molec%les has mass gm 1!
1 molec%les has mass
23
10 6
1!

gm
23
10 3


kg
26
10 3

.
26. (a) 7hoice (a) is
3 4
S P
gm
) 124 (
4 31
P is -resent in 220gm
3 4
S P
1.24gm P is -resent in (
gm 2 . 2 24 . 1
124
220

27. (c) .%mber of moles of A
40
x

.%mber of atoms of A
y
x
no. &ogadro
40
(say)
8r
no. &ogadro
40y
x
.%mber of moles of B
!0
2x

.%mber of atoms of B
y no. &.
no. &.
40
!0
2
no. &.
!0
2

y x
28. (d) +
2 3
CO BaO BaCO
1olec%lar #eight of
16 3 12 13'
3
+ + BaCO (1"'
1"'gm -rod%ces 22.4L at ,./.0.
".!5gm -rod%ces
L 12 . 1 !5 . "
1"'
4 . 22
at ,./.0.
29. (a) 14 gm
3
N
ions ha&e
A
N ! &alence
electrons
4.2gm of
3
N
ions ha&e
A
A
N
N
4 . 2
14
2 . 4 !

30. (c) 9 1olec%lar #eight of O H CuSO

2 4
5 .
"0 64 32 5 . 63 + + + 5 . 24"
:
23
10 6
molec%les has #eight gm 5 . 24"
22
10 1
molec%les has #eight
23
22
10 6
10 1 5 . 24"

1
10 5! . 41


15! . 4
31. (a) (;) 1 molec%le of o5ygen

23
10 6
molec%le has mass gm 32
1 molec%le of
2
O has mass
23
10 6
32

gm
23
10 3 . 5


(;;) 1 atom of nitrogen

23
10 6 2
atoms of
2
N has mass (
2!gm
1 atom of
2
N has mass
23
10 6 2
2!

gm
23
10 3 . 2


(;;;) g
10
10 1

molec%lar #eight of o5ygen
g atomic #eight
g
10 10
10 2 10 1 2


(;2) g
10
10 1

atomic #eight of co--er
,o, order of increasing masses
;2 ;;; ; ;; < < <
.
32. (d)

+
+

EO EM
EOH EM
o5ide metal of #t.
hydro5ide metal of #t.
!
1'
""5 . 0
520 . 1
+
+

x
x

! 520 . 1 520 . 1 + x
1' ""5 . 0 ""5 . 0 + x
"15 . 16 ""5 . 0 160 . 12 520 . 1 + + x x
or '55 . 4 525 . 0 x
"
525 . 0
'55 . 4
x .
33. (b) 8ne ion carries coulomb
1"
10 6 . 1 3


/hen 1 gm ion
3
N
(1 mole) carries
23 1"
10 02 . 6 10 6 . 1 3

Chemical Arithmetic
26
coulomb
5
10 !" . 2
34. (a)
4 . 1
V
P
C
C
so, gi&en gas is diatomic
11.2L
23
10 01 . 3
molec%les
.o. of atoms
2 10 01 . 3
23

23
10 023 . 6
aom!
36. (b) /he acid is dibasic.
1olec%lar #eight of
3 3
PO H
!2 4! 31 3 + +
)*%i&alent #eight
2
!2
$asicity
#eight 1olec%lar
( 41.
37. (b) 22400 ml at ./0 has
23
10 023 . 6
molec%le
1 ml at ./0 has (
22400
10 023 . 6
23

(
23
10 00026!! . 0
1"
10 6" . 2
.
38. (c) ,-. heat < atomic #t.( 6.4
0.16 < atomic #t.( 6.4
tomic #t. 40
16 . 0
4 . 6
.
39. (a) 1olec%lar #eight of
122 60
H C
1 122 60 12 +
!42 122 '20 +

23
10 6
molec%le
122 60
H C has mass
( !42gm
1 molec%le
122 60
H C has mass
23
10 6
!42

gm
23
10 333 . 140


gm
21
10 4 . 1

.
40. (b) O H CO O H C
2 2 2 4 2
2 2 2 + +
2!gm
4 2
H C re*%ires 64gm o5ygen

3
10 ! . 2
gm
4 2
H C re*%ires (
gm
3
10 ! . 2
2!
64
gm
3
10 4 . 6 (
6.4kg.
41. (c) 2.5 molal OH NH
4
means 2.5 moles of
3
NH in 1000g O H
2
(1000cc of sol%tion)
Hence, 100cc sol%tion of
3
NH re*%ires (
0.25 mole
L L 6 . 5 4 . 22 25 . 0
.
42. (d)
V
M
" =
V
M
1 or M ( V= 1!gm ( 1!ml
23
10 6
molec%le of #ater has &ol%me (1!cc
1 molec%le of #ater has &ol%me
23
10 6
1!

3 23
10 3 cm

.
43. (a) 100gm ca>eine has 2!."gm nitrogen
1"4gm ca>eine has (
gm 06 . 56 1"4
100
" . 2!

.o. of atoms in ca>eine 4
14
06 . 56
.
44. (d) 1olec%lar #eight of 1'0 ) (
2
#e CHCOO
#e -resent in 100mg of #e CHCOO
2
) (
mg mg " . 32 100
1'0
56

/his is -resent in 400mg of ca-s%le
? of #e in ca-s%le 2 . ! 100
400
" . 32
.
45. (d) 1 atom has mass kg
26
10 !6 . 10


gm
23
10 !6 . 10


23
10 023 . 6
atoms has mass (
23 23
10 023 . 6 10 !6 . 10

( gm 40 . 65
/his is the atomic #eight of $n.
46. (b) 1mole O H COOH
2 2
2 . ) ( has "6gm
o5ygen
0.3 mole O H COOH
2 2
2 . ) ( has
gm ! . 2! 3 . 0 "6
.o. of gram atoms of o5ygen
! . 1
16
! . 2!
.
47. (c) )*%imolec%lar -ro-ortion means both gases
occ%-ied e*%al &ol%me L 12 . 1
2
24 . 2

For
4
CH @
22.4L
4
CH has mass gm 16
1.12L
4
CH has mass
gm ! . 0 12 . 1
4 . 22
16
.
27 Chemical Arithmetic
For
6 2
H C
22.4L
6 2
H C has mass ( 30gm
1.12L
6 2
H C has mass 12 . 1
4 . 22
30

gm gm 5 . 1
2
0 . 3

/otal mass gm gm gm 3 . 2 ! . 0 5 . 1 + .
48. (c) 4et #t. of metal o5ide ( 100gm
#t. of metal ( 53gm
#t. of o5ygen ( 4'gm
)*%i&alent #eight of o5ygen
!
o5ygen of #t.
metal of #t.


02 . " !
4'
53

2alency
3 "6 . 2
5 . 44
132
5 . 35 "
66 2
5 . 35
. 2

+

E
D V
tomic #eight
2alency #eight )*%i&alent
06 . 2' 3 02 . "
49. (b) 8ne gram of hydrogen combines #ith !0gm of
bromine.
,o, e*%i&alent #eight of bromine ( !0gm
4gm of bromine combines #ith 1gm of
Ca
!0gm of bromine combines #ith (
20 !0
4
1
.
50. (b)
2
4
4
2
O Mn SO Mn
+ +

7hange of &alency
2 2 4
)*%i&alent #eight
2
M
.
51. (a)
ml
ml
H P
ml
ml
PH
150
3
3 2
100
2
2
2
(solid)
3
+
;ncrease in &ol%me
ml ml ml 50 100 150
increase.
52. (b)
2 2
2 H MgCl HCl Mg + +
24g Mg e&ol&es 22.4L
2
H at ,/0
12g Mg e&ol&es
2
H at ,/0 12
24
4 . 22

(11.2L at ,/0.
53. (b) (a) 2gm atom of nitrogen ( 2!gm
(b)
23
10 6
atoms of C has mass gm 12
23
10 3
atoms of C has mass
gm 6
10 6
10 3 12
23
23

(c) 1mole of S has mass ( 32gm

(d) '.0gm of Ag
,o, lo#est mass ( 6gm of C.
54. (c) 1mole of any gas at ,/0 occ%-ies 22.4L.
55. (b) 22400cc of gas at ,/0 has
23
10 6
molec%les
1.12
'
10

of gas at ,/0 has

22400
10 12 . 1 10 6
' 23

12 14
10 3 10 03 .
.
56. (a) 2.24L of gas has mass ( 4.4gm
22.4L of gas has mass
44 4 . 22
24 . 2
4 . 4

,o gi&en gas is
2
CO beca%se
2
CO has
molec%lar mass(44.
57. (d) 1L of air (210cc
2
O
22400cc ( 1 mole
00"3 . 0 210
22400
1
210 cc .
58. (d) 22.4L of a gas at ,/0 has no. of
molec%les
23
10 023 . 6
!."6L of a gas at ,/0 has no. of
molec%les
4 . 22
"6 . ! 10 02 . 6
23

23
10 40! . 2
22
10 0! . 24
.
59. (a) Ai&en e*%i&alent #eight of metal ( "
2a-o%r density of metal chloride ( 5".25
molec%lar #eight of metal chloride
5 . 11! 25 . 5" 2 . 2 D V
&alency of metal
35.5 metal of #eight e*%i&alnet
chloride metal of #eight molec%lar
+

2alency of metal 66 . 2
5 . 44
5 . 11!
5 . 35 "
5 . 11!

+

/herefore atomic #eight of the metal

(e*%i&alent #eight &alency
" . 23 66 . 2 "
Chemical Arithmetic
28
60. (d) /he density of gas
&ol%me
metal of #t. molec%lar


1
2
4 . 22
45

li%e gm
61. (c) )*%i&alent #eight of bi&alent metal ( 3'.2
tomic #eight of metal
4 . '4 2 2 . 3'
Form%la of chloride
2
MCl
Hence, molec%lar #eight of chloride
4 . 145 5 . 35 2 4 . '4 ) (
2
+ MCl
62. (c) s #e Bno# that
)*%i&alent #eight !
o5ygen of #eight
metal of #eight

64 !
4 . 0
32

2a-o%r density
2
#t mol.

1ol. #t
64 32 2 . 2 D V
s #e Bno# that
1
64
64
#t e*.
#t mol.
n
,%--ose, the form%la of metal o5ide be
n
O M
2
. Hence the form%la of metal o5ide
O M
2
.
63. (b) 1olec%lar #eight of
3
NH is 1'
ccording to the mole conce-t
gm 1'

3
NH has molec%les
23
10 02 . 6
gm 1

3
NH has molec%les
1'
10 02 . 6
23

gm 25 . 4

3
NH has molec%les
molecule
23
23
10 5 . 1
1'
25 . 4 10 02 . 6

The mole concept

1. (a) 16g
2
O has no. of moles
2
1
32
16

14g
2
N has no. of moles
2
1
2!
14

.o. of moles are same, so no. of molec%les are
same.
2. (b) O H SO Na
2 4 2
10 .
1! 10 16 4 32 23 2 + + +
gm 322 1!0 64 32 46 + + +
322gm O H SO Na
2 4 2
10 . contains ( 224
gm o5ygen
32.2gm O H SO Na
2 4 2
10 . contains
( gm 4 . 22
322
224 2 . 32

3. (b) 1olarity
) . 2( #t. molec%lar
1000 ) (
ml
gm W

M 1 . 0
250 106
1000 65 . 2

10ml of this sol%tion is dil%ted to 1000ml

2 2 1 1
V N V N
x 1000 1 . 0 10
M x 001 . 0
1000
10 1 . 0

.
4. (c) ccording to deCnition of molar sol%tion
molar sol%tion is one that contains one mole of
a sol%te in one litre of the sol%tion.
5. (a) 44g of CO2 has
23
10 6 2
atoms of o5ygen
4.4g o& CO2 has ( 4 . 4
44
10 12
23

23
10 2 . 1
atoms.
6. (b) 44g
2
CO occ%-ies 22.4L at ,/0
4.4g
2
CO occ%-ies 4 . 4
44
4 . 22
( 2.24L.
7. (a) Density
2ol%me
1ass
=
ml
g
1 or ml g
0.001!ml ( 0.001!gm
.o. of moles
4
10 1
1!
001! . 0
#eight 1olec%lar
#eight


.o. of #ater molec%les (
4 23
10 1 10 023 . 6



1"
10 023 . 6
.
8. (c)
2 3 2 2 3
) ( 3 2 6 OH Ca PH O H P Ca + +
9. (d) mo%nt of gold kg ' . 1"
gm 1000 ' . 1" (1"'00gm
29 Chemical Arithmetic
.o. of moles 100
1"'
1"'00

.o. of atoms
23
10 023 . 6 100

25
10 023 . 6
atoms.
10. (c) 100gm
23
3
10 023 . 6 CaCO
molec%les
10gm
3
CaCO ' 10
100
10 023 . 6
23

22
10 023 . 6
molec%le
1 molec%le of
3
CaCO ( 50 -rotons
22
10 023 . 6
molec%le of
3
CaCO
22
10 023 . 6 50
24
10 0115 . 3
11. (b) 16gm of
4
CH ( 1mole
23
10 023 . 6

molec%les.
12. (c) ccording to a&ogadroEs hy-othesis e*%al
&ol%mes of all gases %nder similar conditions
of tem-erat%re and -ress%re contains e*%al
no. of molec%les.
14. (d)
V
M
" (" ( density, M( mass, V (&ol%me)
,ince " ( 1
,o,
V M
1!gm ( 1!ml
1!ml ( NA molec%les (NA ( a&ogadroEs no.)
1000ml 1000
1!

A
N
( 55.555 NA.
15. (a) /his is fact.
16. (a) 3 moles of o5ygen is that in 1 mole of
3
BaCO
1.5 moles of o5ygen is that in mole of
3
BaCO 5 . 1
3
1
5 . 0
2
1
.
17. (b) /he no. of molec%les -resent in 1ml of gas at
,/0 is Bno#n as 4aschmidt n%mber.
22400ml of gas has total no. of molec%les
23
10 023 . 6
1ml of gas has total no. of molec%les
22400
10 023 . 6
23

1"
10 6" . 2
.
18. (b) 2gm of hydrogen
23
10 02 . 6
molec%les
1gm of hydrogen
23
23
10 01 . 3
2
10 02 . 6

molec%le.
19. (a) 1olec%lar #eight of
2 2
Cl SO
5 . 35 2 32 32 + +
( 135gm
135 gm of
2 2
Cl SO ( 1gm molec%le
13.5gm of
2 2
Cl SO
1 . 0 5 . 13
135
1
.
20. (a) (a) 34gm of #ater
1!gm O H
2
(
23
10 023 . 6
molec%le
34gm O H
2
( 34
1!
10 023 . 6
23

23
10 3' . 11
mole
(b) 2!gm of
2
CO
44gm
2
CO
23
10 6
molec%les
2!gm
2
CO
23
23
10 ! . 3 2!
44
10 6

(c) 46gm of OH CH
3
32gm
23
3
10 6 OH CH molec%les
46gm
23
23
3
10 625 . ! 46
32
10 6

OH CH
(d) 10!gm of
23
5 2
10 6 O N molec%les
54gm of
23
23
5 2
10 3 54
10!
10 6

O N
molec%les.
21. (b) ,odi%m o5ide O Na
2
1olec%lar #eight ( 46 F16 ( 62
62gm of O Na
2
( 1 mole
620gm of O Na
2
( 10 mole.
22. (b) 2gm of o5ygen contains atom
!
1
16
2
mole
also 4g of s%l-h%r
!
1
32
4
mole.
23. (c) 1olarity ( moleGlitre
1cc contains 1.1'gm
Chemical Arithmetic
30
1000cc contains 11'0gm
#t. 1ol.
11'0gm
li%e moleG 05 . 32
5 . 36
11'0
(1ol. #t. of
HCl(36.5)
24. (a) 1 mole of s%crose contains
23
10 023 . 6
molec%les
1 molec%le of s%crose has 45 atoms

23
10 023 . 6
molec%le of s%crose has
23
10 023 . 6 45
atomsGmole
25. (a) #t of 44
2
CO
mol #t of 44
2
CO
.o. of molec%le
23
2
2
10 02 . 6
of #t.

CO o& ( mol
CO

23
10 02 . 6
44
44

23
10 02 . 6
26. (c) .o. of atoms in one molec%le
( no. of moles
23
10 022 . 6
23 23
10 432 . ! 10 022 . 6 4 . 1
27. (d) s #e Bno# that fo%r sodi%m atom are -resent
in sodi%m ferrocyanide : ) ( 9
6 4
CN #e Na
Hence, n%mber of
Na
atoms ( .o. of moles
n%mber of atom &ogadroHs n%mber
23 23
10 4! 10 023 . 6 4 2
Percentage composition & Molecular formula
1. (a) 40gm NaOH contains 16gm of o5ygen
100gm of NaOH contains 100
40
16

(40) o5ygen.
2. (a) IreaJ
2 2
NH CO NH
60gm of %rea contains 2!gm of nitrogen
100gm of %rea contains
66 . 46 100
60
2!
.
3. (b) $ased on facts.
4. (d) gm C 24 , gm H 4 , gm O 32
,o, 1olec%lar form%la
2 4 2
O H C
,o, )m-irical form%la O CH
2

(,im-lest form%la).
5. (a) 0.0!35 mole of com-o%nd contains 1gm
of hydrogen
1gm mole of com-o%nd contain (
"' . 11
0!35 . 0
1

(12gm of hydrogen.
12 gm of
2
H is -resent in
6 12 2
O H C
6. (b) )m-irical form%la of an acid is
2 2
O CH

n
form%la) )m-irical ( 1olec%lar form%la
n ( #hole no. m%lti-le i.e. 1,2,3,4..............
;f
1 n
molec%lar form%la
2 2
O CH .
7. (b) Al%cose J
6 12 6
O H C
Katio of C, H and O
1 @ 2 @ 1
;n acetic acid
O
H O C CH
33
3
Katio of C, H and O
1 @ 2 @ 1
.
Chemical stoichiometry
1. (c)
)*.#t.
1000 ) 6(

V
gm
N
1500ml of 0.1N HCl ( 150ml (N)
40 150
1000 ) ( 6
1

gm
, 6 (gm)
gm 6
1000
40 150

.
2. (c)
2 2 1 1
V N V N =
2
10
1
200
2
1
V =
ml V 1000
2

2ol%me of #ater added
ml !00 200 1000
.
3. (a)
2 2 3 2
2 4 2 O CO Ag CO Ag + +

gm 2'6 2

gm 10! 4
gm 2'6 2 of
3 2
CO Ag gi&es
gm 10! 4

gm 1
of
3 2
CO Ag gi&es
2'6 2
10! 4

gm '6 . 2
of
3 2
CO Ag gi&es
gm 16 . 2
2'6 2
'6 . 2 10! 4

4. (c)
31 Chemical Arithmetic
x x x x

O H NO O NH
g g g g
6 4 5 1 4 1
0 0 1 1 0
6 4 5 4
) ( 2 ) ( ) ( 2 ) ( 3

+ +
85ygen is limiting reagent
,o, 2 . 0
5
1
* all o5ygen cons%med
4eft 2 . 0 2 . 0 4 1
3
NH .
5. (c) 100gm Hb contain ( 0.33gm #e
6'200gm Hb ( #e gm
100
33 . 0 6'200
gm atom of #e ' 4
56
33 . 0 6'2

.
6. (c)
gm
HCl NH SO NH
'3 ) 5 . 36 ( 2
3
132
4 2 4
2 2 ) (

4 2 4
) ( 132 '3 SO NH g HCl g
4 2 4
) ( 52! 2"2 SO NH g HCl g
7. (c)
142 !0 62
5 2
264 ) 64 31 1 36 ( 2
4 2 4
) ( 2
+ + + +
O P HPO NH
? of 100
salt of #t
of #t.
5 2
5 2

O P
O P
? '! . 53 100
264
142
.
8. (b)
3 2 2
2
3
2 O Al O Al +
ccording to e*%ation
2
3
mole of
2
O
combines #ith 2 mole Al.
2 mole Al ( 54gm
9. (a) 0.5gm Se 100gm -ero5idase anhydro%s
enLyme
'!.4gm Se
4
10 56! . 1
5 . 0
4 . '! 100

1inim%m m.#. molec%le at least contain

one seleni%m.
10. (d)
L
gm
H NaAlO NaOH Al O H
6 . 33 4 . 22
2
3
2 2
2'
2
2
3

+ + +
11. (c) ;n O H CNS #e
2 3
3 . ) (
? of ? 1" 100
2!4
1! 3
2

O H .
12. (d)
2 2
5 5 5 SO O S + =
2 2
5 5 SO O =
gm 320 64 5 .
13. (d)
4 3
PO H is tribasic so
3 1 3 3 M N
.
14. (b)
4 2
SO H is dibasic
4 2 2 2 M N
.
15. (a) For Dibasic acid 100
2
200
2

M
E
) in (
1000
ml V E
W
N

gm W
W
1
100 100
1000
10
1

.
16. (b)
#t. )*. sol%te of #t. 1olec%lar
#t. 1ol. sol%te of ? #t. sol%tion of the gr. s-. 10

N
" . 2'
4" "!
"! !0 '1 . 1 10

N
18. (c) +
4 2 4
3 2 SO H +MnO
: 9 3 2
2 4 4 2
O O H MnSO SO + + + +
+

+ : 9
salt: 91ohr
2
4 2 4
O SO H #eSO
5 : ) (
2 3 4 2
+ O H SO #e
+ +
4 2 4 4
! 10 2 SO H #eSO +MnO
O H SO #e MnSO SO +
2 3 4 2 4 4 2
! ) ( 5 2 + + +
1ohrJsalt red%cing agent
+
H +MnO G
4
o5idising agent
19. (d) tomic #eight ( )*%i&alent #eight < 2alency
' . 26 3 " . !

,
_

3
!."
26.!"
2alency .
20. (c)
. . 2 D V MW 44 22 2
.
21. (d)
: 9 5 3
2
2 3
'
2
2 4 4 2 4 2 4
O O H MnSO SO + SO H +MnO + +
+
+ +
+
5
#t. 1ol.
#t. )*.
22. (c) Dibasic acid NaOH,
2 2 1 1
V N V N
25
10
1
1000
E
W
;
10
25
1000
16 . 0

E
12! 64 2 2 E M
.
23. (d) NaOH HCl
2 2 1 1
V N V N = V
20
1
10
1
20 = V (
40ml.
24. (a)
2 2 1 1
V N V N NV +
7hange by 5
Chemical Arithmetic
32
) 2 ( 1 . 0 5 . 0 2 2 . 0 x x +
x x 1 . 0 2 . 0 5 . 0 4 . 0 +
x 4 . 0 2 . 0
L L x 5 . 0
2
1

25. (d)
3 3 2 2 1 1
V N V N V N NV + +
+ +
3
1
20
2
1
5 1 1000 N 30
25 10 10 5 + +
40
025 . 0
N
N .
26. (b)
solid
0
20
40
0
20 0
) ( 4 ) ( ) ( 3
ml
ml ml

Cl NH HCl NH
! g g

+
Final &ol%me ( 20ml.
27. (b)
4
+MnO 85alic acid

1
1 1
n
V M
2
2 2
n
V M
=
5 2
1 . 0 20
2 2
V M

=
5
2 2
V M .
28. (b) cidic medi%m gm
M
E 6 . 31
5
15!
5
.
29. (c) 0.1 M
3
AgNO #ill react #ith 0.1 M NaCl to
form 0.1 M
3
NaNO . $%t as the &ol%me is
do%bled, conc. of M NO 05 . 0
2
1 . 0
3

30. (a) cid base

1 1
V N (
2 2
V N = 15 2 . 0 30
1
N =
N N 1 . 0
1

31. (b) (;) 0heno-thalein indicate -artial ne%tralisation
of
3 3 2
NaHCO CO Na
1e*. of
3 2
CO Na F 1e*. of NaOH ( 1e*. of
HCl
NV
E
W
E
W
+ 1000 1000
(,%--ose gm a CO Na
3 2
, NaOH ( b gm)
1 . 0 300 1000
40
1000
106
+
b a
.....(1)
(;;) 1ethyl orange indicate com-lete
ne%tralisation
HCl HCl
2 2 1 1
V N V N ,
1 . 0 2 . 0 25
ml V V 50 so
2 2
e5cess
1 . 0 350 1000
40
1000
53
+
b a
.....
(2)
From (1) and (2) b (1gm.
32. (c) From sol%tion of (31)
From e*%ation (1)
gm CO Na a 53 . 0
3 2
.
33. (b)
) ( ) (
2
2 2
1
1 1
4 2
NaOH
n
V M
n
V M
SO H
2
10 1
1
1
1

V
; ml V 5
1
.
34. (c) tom in highest o5idation state can o5idiLe
iodide to liberate
2
I #hich is &ol%metrically
meas%red by iodometric titration %sing hy-o.
2
2 I I

+2
Pb
4o#est o5idation state can not
o5idise iodide to
2
I .
35. (d)
4
+MnO 1ohr salt
2
2 2
1
1 1
n
V M
n
V M

;
5 1
10 1 . 0
2 2
V M

;
5
2 2
V M .
36. (d) /he e*%i&alent #eight of
2
#eight molec%lar
4 3
PO H
mole #t of
4 3
PO H ( 3 F 31 F 64 ( "!
4"
2
"!

37. (b) O H BaCO CO OH Ba

2 3 2 2
) ( + +
tomic #t. of
3
BaCO ( 3 16 12 13' + + (
1"'
.o. of mole
mol #t.
s%bstance of #t.

1 mole of
2
) (OH Ba gi&es 1 mole of
3
BaCO
205 mole of
2
) (OH Ba #ill gi&e .205
mole of
3
BaCO
#t. of 0.205 mole of
3
BaCO #ill be
gm gm 5 . 40 3!5 . 40 1"' 205 .
38. (d) mL mg N N -er 10 5 . 0
1

1000
1 40
10 10
3
2

gm
N (0.25N
ml V 500
1
, M
2
V
33 Chemical Arithmetic
2 2 1 1
V N V N =
2
25 . 0 500 5 . 0 V
mL V 1000
2
Cnal &ol%me #ater added (
1000 N 500
( 500mL.
39. (a) e*. of
4
+MnO ( e*. of ) (
4 2
O C #e
3 1 5 x
6 . 0 x
40. (b)
)lement t.#
t.
1ol
e
Kati
o
)m-irical
form%la
C (!6? 12 '.1 1 CH2
H (14? 1 14 2 $eleongs
to alBene
n n
H C
2
41. (b)
S Ag
S H
S Ag AgNO
2
2
2
3
) (
2 +
+
2 mole 1 mole 9100<1 (100
millimole:
100 miliimole 50 millimole S H
2
re*%ired
CuS
S H
S Cu CuSO +
+
) (
2
2 2
4
1 mole 1 mole 9100<1(100
millimole:
100 millimole 100 millimole S H
2
re*%ired
Katio
2
1
100
50

.
42. (c) t room tem-erat%re
) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2
2 2
l g g
O H O H +
(0 50ml 50ml 0
( 50 N 2x 50 N x 2x
(0 25ga!e!
(50)li*%id
;n this case
2
H is limiting reagent
x ( 25ml
t 110OC
) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2
2 2
g g g
O H O H +

ml V '5
gas

( 0 25ml 50ml
43. (c)
2
2 4 2
2
4
2
+ +
+ + CuI SO + +I CuSO
=
2
1
2
2
2
2 I CuI CuI +
+ +
6 4 2 3 2 2 2
2 2 O S Na NaI O S Na I + +
)*. #t. 8f 250 #t. 1ol. 5 .
2 4
O H CuSO
100 ml of 0.1 N hy-o 100 ml of 0.1 N
O H CuSO
2 4
5 .
gm 5 . 2
100
100 1 . 0 250

44. (d) O H +NO +OH HNO

2 3 3
+ +

63
6 . 12
0.2 mole= +OH HNO
3
0.2 mole 0.2 mole
gm 2 . 11 56 2 . 0 .
45. (a) ;sob%tane and nJb%tane [ ]
10 4
H C ha&e same
molec%lar form%la=
O H CO O H C
2 2 2 10 4
5 4
2
13
+ +
For 5!gm of
10 4
H C 20! gm
2
O is re*%ired
then for 5 kg of
10 4
H C
kg O " . 1'
5!
20! 5
2

46. (b) n '5 . 0

4 . 22
! . 16
mole of
2
H and
2
O
1 @ 2
2 2
2 2 2
O H O H +

2
2
25 . 0
25 . 0
'5 . 0
H
O

2 mole
2
H N 2 mole O H
2
0.5 mole
2
H N 0.5 mole O H
2
( "gm.
47. (a) 3ml (O) 1ml
3
O
30ml (O) 10ml
3
O
ml x 15
100
10 150

V of +
2
O V of ml O 145 10 135
3
+
/%r-entine oil absorb oLone.
48. (a) 50? HCl itself means 50gm HCl react #ith
100gm sam-le
? 0%rity ? 50 100
100
50
.
49. (a)
3 3
HNO AgCl HCl AgNO + +

1'0
30

1000
2 . 0 500
(0 0.1'6 mole 0.1 mole limiting
(14.345gm
( 0.0'6 mole 0 0.1mole
50. (d)
4
+MnO
4
#eSO
1
1 1
n
V M
(
2
2 2
n
V M
;
2 2
2
1
1 1
V M
n
n
V M
2 . 0
5
1
10
1
10
10
2

Chemical Arithmetic
34
For (d),
5
1
10 02 . 0
1 1
V M
51. (c)
cc
I
O-
Mg CH MgI CH -OH
22400 mol 1
4 3
mol. 1

+ +

1.12 mL is obtained from 4.12 mg
22400 mL #ill be obtained from
g mg 2 . !4 22400
12 . 1
12 . 4

52. (b)
)lement ?(a) t.#t.
(b)
aGb Kati
o
* 50 10 5 2
. 50 20 2.5 1
,im-lest form%la . *
2

53. (a)
2 4 3
) (BC A 0 ): 4 2 ( 5 9 2 3
2
+ + .
54. (b)
2 3
10
CO CaO
gm
CaCO +
"0? -%re "gm
100
"
mole
0" . 0
2 3
CO CaCO mole
t ./0 2ol. L CO 016 . 2 4 . 22 0" . 0
2
.
55. (b) C"S S C" +
+ 2 2
20<1( 20
CuS S Cu +
+ 2 2
20<0.5 (10
Katio (
1 @ 2
56. (b)
2
2
H Mg
+
2
1
24
12

gm
gm
n
mole of
2
H
57. (a)
MgO O Mg +
mole 5 . 0
2
1
mole 1
2
0.5 mole of o5ygen react #ith 1 mole of Mg
1.5 mole of o5ygen react #ith 3
5 . 0
5 . 1
mole
gm '2 3 24 .
58. (c)
O H CO CaCl HCl CaCO
g
N
g
2
44
2 2
2
100
3
2 + + +
100 g
3
CaCO #ith 2 N HCl gi&es 44 g
2
CO
100 g
3
CaCO #ith 1 N HCl gi&es 22 g
2
CO
Critical Thinking Questions
2. (b) O H
2
contains H and O in a C5ed ratio by
mass. ;t ill%strates the la# of constant
com-osition.
3. (b) 100 g of $nSO4 crystals are obtained from
(22.65g $n
1g of $nSO4 crystals #ill be obtained from
g
100
65 . 22
$n
20 g of $nSO4 crystals obtained from
g 53 . 4 20
100
65 . 22

4. (a) ;f same &ol%me is occ%-ied by the gas, the no.
of molec%les are same, so no. of moles are
same.
1 mole of
2
N gas gm 2! 14 2
1 mole of
CO
gas gm 2! 16 12 +
5. (c) Heat ca-acity of #ater -er gram 1' . 4
1!
'5

/ ( mS0
1' . 4 100 1000
+ 4 . 2
1' . 4 100
1000

.
6. (b) !gm s%l-h%r is -resent in 100gm of
s%bstance
32gm s%l-h%r #ill -resent (
400 32
!
100
.
7. (b) (a)
23
10 023 . 6
molec%les of
2
CO
.o. of atoms
21
10 023 . 6 3
(
21
10 06" . 1!
atoms
(b) 22.4L of
2
CO
.o. of atoms (
3 10 023 . 6
23

23
10 06" . 1!
atoms
(c) 0.44gm of
2
CO
.o. of moles
23
10 023 . 6
100
1
44
44 . 0

moles
21
10 023 . 6
moles
21
10 023 . 6 3
atoms
21
10 06" . 1!
atoms
8. (b) ;t is abo%t 22.4L.
9. (a) 200mg of
2
CO ( gm 2 . 0 10 200
3


35 Chemical Arithmetic
44gm of
2
CO (
23
10 6
molec%les
0.2gm of
2
CO (
23
23
10 02'2 . 0 2 . 0
44
10 6

21
10 '2 . 2
molec%le
.o#
21
10
molec%le are remo&ed.
,o remaining molec%les
21 21
10 10 '2 . 2
) 1 '2 . 2 ( 10
21
(
21
10 '2 . 1
molec%les
.o#,
23
10 023 . 6
molec%les ( 1mole
21
10 '2 . 1
molec%les
2
23
21
10 2!5 . 0
10 023 . 6
10 '2 . 1 1

3
10 !5 . 2


.
10. (d)
O H +Cl O C% + HCl O C% +
2 ' 2 2 4 2 2
2 2 2 + + +
11. (a) 1e* of

+2
Mg
1e* of #ashing soda
1000
E
W

2 +
Mg = 12
2
24
EW
1 1000
12
10 12
3

.
12. (c)
atom 6Gt#o
) ( 4
atom 12Gt#o
3 4 2 4 2 4 2 ' 2 2
+
+
+
+ SO C% SO + SO H O C% +

: 9 3 4
2
O O H + +
6
#t. 1ol.
#t. )*.
13. (a)
4
+MnO ( 1ohr salt
5
1000
5 1
2 2 2 1 1
V
V M
W V M V M

1
]
1

1!
1000 5!
1000

1
]
1

W

5
20
1000 3"2
1000 "2 . 3

6(3.4'6gmGL.
14. (d) 2ol%me m of HCl ne%tralised by NaOH (
(7a%stic soda) (
1
V
2 2 1 1
V N V N = 30 2 . 0 1 . 0
1
V ;
ml V 60
1

2 total (HCl) ( 100ml
1
V ( 60ml
40ml
40ml 0.1N HCl is no# ne%tralised by +OH
(0.25N)
(HCl)
2 2 1 1
V N V N (+OH)
2
25 . 0 40 1 . 0 V = ml V 16
2
.
15. (c) HCl B H BCl 3 : 9 3
3
+ +
HCl B H BCl 3
2
3
2 3
+ + ; 2
! . 10
6 . 21
B
mole
2
2
3
H B
1mole
2
3
mole = 2 mole N 3 mole
L V 2 . 6' 4 . 22 3 .
16. (c)
22400
V
M
W
n =
22400
112
16

W
=
gm W 0! . 0 .
17. (a)
100
44
12
?
2

W
W
C
CO
? 6 . !3 100
!5! . 0
63 . 2
44
12

100
1!
2
?
2

W
W
H
O H
? 4 . 16 100
!5! .
2! . 1
1!
2

)lemen
t
?
(a)
t.#t.
(b)
aGb Kati
o
C !3.6 12 6."6 1
H 16.4 1 16.4 2.3
gm H C 43 ' 3 12
' 3
+ .
18. (b)
2 2 2 2
2
0
2
4
O H S O H SO + +
+
16
4
64
4

M
EW ; /#ice
32 2 16
Assertion & Reason
1. (e) 6e Bno# that from the reaction
HCl Cl H 2
2 2
+ that the ratio of the &ol%me
of gaseo%s reactants and -rod%cts is in
agreement #ith their molar ratio. /he ratio of
HCl Cl H @ @
2 2
&ol%mes is
2 @ 1 @ 1
#hich is
the same as their molar ratio. /h%s &ol%me of
gas is directly related to the n%mber of moles.
/herefore, the assertion is false b%t reason is
tr%e.
7hange by 6
<
3
'
Chemical Arithmetic
36
2. (e) 6e Bno# that molec%lar #eight of s%bstance
is calc%lated by adding the atomic #eight of
atoms -resent in one molec%les. 6e also Bno#
that molec%lar #eight of o5ygen ) (
2
O (2x
(tomic #eight of o5ygen)
. . . 32 16 2 u m a
tomic #eight of
o5ygen is 16, beca%se it is 16 times hea&ier
than1G12
th
of carbon atom. /herefore assertion
is false b%t reason is tr%e.
3. (c) ccording to DaltonEs atomic theory atoms can
neither be created nor destroyed and
according to berLeli%s hy-othesis, %nder
similar condition of tem-erat%re and -ress%re
e*%al &ol%mes of all gases contain e*%al no. of
atom. /herefore assertion is tr%e b%t reason is
false.
4. (e) 8ne mole of any s%bstance corres-onding to
23
10 023 . 6
entities is res-ecti&e of its
#eight.
1olec%lar #eight of
gm SO 64 16 2 32
2
+ .
1olec%lar #eight of gm O 32 2 16
2
.
1olec%lar #eight of
2
SO is do%ble to
that of
2
O .
5. (d) 1.231 has fo%r signiCcant Cg%res all no. from
left to right are co%nted, starting #ith the Crst
digit that is not Lero for calc%lating the no. of
signiCcant Cg%re.
6. (d) 1olar &ol%me (at ./0) ( 22.4L
.o# 22.4L of
2
N &ol%me occ%-ied by one
mole of
23
2
10 023 . 6 2! gm N
molec%les.
,imilarly, gm O 32 16 2
2
,
23
10 023 . 6 32 gm molec%les ( 22.4L

23
10 023 . 6 4 . 22 L
or
4 . 22
6 . 5 10 023 . 6
6 . 5
23

L
23
10 023 . 6
4
1

ccording to a&agadroEs hy-othesis e*%al
&ol%me of all gases contain e*%al no. of
molec%les %nder similar condition of
tem-erat%re and -ress%re.
7. (a) For %ni&ersally acce-ted atomic mass %nit in
1"61, CJ12 #as selected as standard.
Ho#e&er the ne# symbol %sed is E1E (%niCed
mass) in -lace of amu.
8. (c) 2a-o%r density of
2
M
B ,
2a-o%r density of M
M
A 2
4
4
1olec%lar mass of
M M A 4 2 2
.
9. (a) 0%re #ater al#ays contains hydrogen and
o5ygen in the ratio
! @ 1
by mass. /his is in
accordance #ith the la# of constant
com-osition.
10. (b) /he n%mber of moles of a sol%te -resent in
litre of sol%tion is Bno#n is as molarity (M).
/he total no. of molec%les of reactants -resent
in a balanced chemical e*%ation is Bno#n as
molec%larity. For e5am-le,
2 3 5
Cl PCl PCl + (Inimolec%lar)
2 2
2 I H HCl + ($imolec%lar)
1olarity and molec%larity are %sed in
di>erent sense.
11. (a) $oth assertion and reason are tr%e and reason
is the correct e5-lanation of assertion.
12. (e) )*%i&alent #t. of Cu in CuO (
2alency
t.#t.
2
6 . 63
(31.!
)*%i&alent #t. of Cu in
1
6 . 63
2
O Cu (63.6
(2alency of Cu (1).
13. (e) 1ass s-ectrometer is the instr%ment %sed for
the determination of acc%rate atomic mass
and the relati&e ab%ndance of the isoto-es.
14. (a) $oth assertion and reason are tr%e and reason
is the correct e5-lanation of assertion.
15. (a) )5am-le of isomor-ho%s com-o%nds are
,
3 2
SO +
4 2 4 2
, SeO + C%O +
(&alency of S,
C%, Se ( 6) and
37 Chemical Arithmetic
O H #eSO O H MgSO O H $nSO
2 4 2 4 2 4
' . , ' . , ' .
(&alency of $n, Mg, #e (2).
16. (b) .o. of atoms -resent in a molec%les of a
gaseo%s element is called atomicity.
For e5am-le,
2
O has t#o atoms and hence
its atomicity is 2.
17. (a) 12gm of CJ12 contain
23
10 023 . 6
atom

24 23
10 66 . 1 10
023 . 6
12

.