ELEC 433 - Spring 2013 Questions from Lab 1? x(t ) = Asin(ot + ph) Sinusoids have two very accessible parameters Modulate amplitude and phase. Complex modulated values are called "symbols" # of symbols in constellation is "modulation order", m M-order constellation can encode log 2 (M) bits per symbol.
ELEC 433 - Spring 2013 Questions from Lab 1? x(t ) = Asin(ot + ph) Sinusoids have two very accessible parameters Modulate amplitude and phase. Complex modulated values are called "symbols" # of symbols in constellation is "modulation order", m M-order constellation can encode log 2 (M) bits per symbol.
ELEC 433 - Spring 2013 Questions from Lab 1? x(t ) = Asin(ot + ph) Sinusoids have two very accessible parameters Modulate amplitude and phase. Complex modulated values are called "symbols" # of symbols in constellation is "modulation order", m M-order constellation can encode log 2 (M) bits per symbol.
QPSK: 2 bits/symbol I Q QPSK: 2 bits/symbol I Q 16-QAM: 4 bits/symbol I Q 64-QAM: 6 bits/symbol I Q 1E-09 1E-08 1E-07 1E-06 1E-05 1E-04 1E-03 1E-02 1E-01 1E+00 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 B E R BPSK QPSK 8-PSK 16-QAM 64-QAM E b /N 0 (dB) Bit error rate (BER) vs. SNR per bit (E b /N 0 )