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VMware

View

5
with PCoIP
NET WORK OPT I MI ZAT I ON GUI DE
VMware View 5 with PCoIP
Network Optimization Guide
VMWARE VI EW WI T H PCOI P / 2
Table of Contents
Introduction to VMware View PCoIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
PCoIP Bandwidth Optimization in View 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Using VMware View Planner to Optimize Your View Deployments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Recommended Congurations for Optimal Bandwidth Utilization in View 5. . . . . . . . 7
Importing the PCoIP Administrative Template. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Conguring Recommended View Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Windows Desktop Settings to Optimize Performance over a WAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Windows 7 Visual Settings Optimization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Windows XP Visual Settings Optimization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Network Optimization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Strengths of the PCoIP Protocol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Network Bandwidth Planning for Basic Ofce Productivity Desktops. . . . . . . . . . . 21
Network Conguration Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
WAN Virtual Desktop Testing Guidelines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Advanced Congurations in VMware View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Image Display Settings in View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Network Settings in View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Client Cache Size Setting in View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Using PCoIP Session Statistics to Monitor End-User Experience. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
References for Further Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
About the Author and Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
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Introduction to VMware View PCoIP
ThePCoIPprotocolprovidesreal-timedeliveryofarichuserdesktopexperienceusingUDP.Thisdocument
addressestheoptimizationofthePCoIPdisplayprotocolinVMwareView.
Anysuccessfulvirtualdesktopdeploymentstartswithasolidplananddesign,fromtheendpointdevicetothe
datacenter,tosupporttheusecasesandbusinessobjectives.Aswithanyremotedisplayprotocol,themost
importantdesignconsiderationisaproperlyarchitectednetwork.Toensurearesponsivedesktop,thePCoIP
protocolmustbedeployedacrossanetworkinfrastructurethatmeetsbandwidth,latency,jitter,andpacket
lossrequirements.
Networkrequirementscanvarygreatlydependingonthenetworkparameters,applicationgraphical
requirements,anduserdemands.
Thesectionsofthepaperare:
PCoIPBandwidthOptimizationinView5
UsingVMwareViewPlannertoOptimizeYourViewDeployments
RecommendedConfgurationsforOptimalBandwidthUtilizationinView5
WindowsDesktopSettingstoOptimizePerformanceoveraWAN
NetworkOptimization
AdvancedConfgurationsinVMwareView
UsingPCoIPSessionStatisticstoMonitorEnd-UserExperience
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PCoIP Bandwidth Optimization in View 5
InView5withPCoIP,VMwaremadesignifcantperformanceoptimizationstoimproveoverallbandwidth
utilizationandCPUconsumption.Thebandwidthimprovementspermithighersessionconsolidationper
networkconnectionandincreasedWANscalability.CombinedwiththeCPUoptimizations,youcanachieve
higherconsolidationratiosperhostandgreaterresponsiveness.
Thebandwidthreductionwasachievedwithacombinationofthesechanges:
Losslesscodecimprovements
Client-sidecaching
AbilitytoturnofBuildtoLossless
Thelosslesscodecandclient-sidecachingchangesareenabledbydefaultinViewPCoIP.BuildtoLossless
isenabledbydefaulttoprovidetherichestgraphicalexperience,andnowyoucandisableBuildtoLossless.
Thesethreechangescombinedresultinoptimalbandwidthutilization.Thebandwidthreductionoccursonboth
aLANandaWAN,butyougainthemostvalueonaWANbecauseofthesmallerbandwidthavailable.
UpdatestotheLosslessCodec
InView5,VMwareandTeradiciimprovedthelosslesscodecbychangingthealgorithmforcompressingtext.
Thisimprovementsignifcantlyreducedbandwidthusage,especiallyincaseswhereClearTypeandanti-aliased
fontsareused.
Theupdatedlosslesscodecisenabledbydefaultanddoesnotrequireconfguration.
Client-SideImageCaching
Client-sidecachingstoresimagecontentontheclienttoavoidretransmission.Bydefault,client-sidecachingis
settoOn,whichhelpstoreducebandwidthusage.
Client-sidecachingisafeatureinWindowsViewClients,butnotinzeroclientsormobileclients.Inaddition,
theMacandLinuxClientsdonotyethaveclient-sidecaching.
Therecommendedmemoryforclient-sidecachingis1GB.Windows,Mac,andLinuxclientsusuallyhavemore
than1GBmemory,asdothinclients,butavirtualmachinecouldhaveless.Consulttheclientdocumentationor
clientproviderforinformationonavailablememory.Iftheclientmemoryislessthan512MB,reducetheclient
cachesizeforoptimalperformanceofclient-sidecaching.SeeClientCacheSizeSettinginView.
BuildtoLossless
BuildingtolosslessisauniquecapabilitybuiltintoPCoIPtoprovidethehighestqualityofgraphicimage.
VMwareViewwithPCoIPusesaprogressivebuildprocessforscreenimagessothatusershavetheoptimal
experience,evenunderconstrainednetworkconditions.PCoIPbuildstolosslessinthreeincrementalsteps:
Sendsinitial,highlycompressedlossy(grainy)imagetotheclient,withtheimagecontentcachedonthe
client
Buildsimagetoperceptuallylossless
Buildsimagetofullylossless(fullfdelity)
Bydefault,PCoIPbuildstofullylossless,thehighestimagequality.Thefnalstepbetweenperceptuallylossless
andfullylosslessbydefaulttakesthirtyseconds.Theprocessofbuildingtolossless,whenenabled,occursin
thebackground.
BuildingtolosslessworksbestonaLANorhigh-bandwidthWAN.Tomaintaindesktopresponsivenesson
congestednetworks,PCoIPdynamicallyreducesimagequalityandscreenupdatefrequency.Onnetworks
withlessthan1Mbpsofbandwidthpersession,PCoIPdynamicallyadaptstochangingnetworkconditionsand
adjustsbyslowingdownthebuildtolossless,withavisiblylossyimagetotheuser,thenarapidbuildofthe
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imagetoalosslessstate.Whenthenetworkisnolongercongested,PCoIPresumesmaximumimagequality
andupdatefrequency.Thisalgorithmallowsthedesktoptoremainresponsiveevenundervaryingnetwork
conditions.
Afullylosslessimageiscriticalforusecasessuchasmedicalimagingandgraphicdesign,whereimagequality
isamoreimportantconsiderationthanbandwidthutilization.
Otherusecases,suchasofceworkers,taskworkers,andknowledgeworkers,donotrequirethesamelevelof
imageperfection.Inthesecases,bandwidthutilizationisusuallymoreimportantthanimagequality.InView
5withPCoIP,youhavetheabilitytodisablethebuildtolosslessstagetolowerbandwidthutilization.This
providesstandarduserswithaperceptuallylosslessrichuserexperienceatthesametimeasyouoptimize
networkbandwidthutilization.
Youconfgurethebuild-to-losslesscapabilitywiththeDisableBuildToLosslessgrouppolicysettingprovidedin
VMwareView.ThedefaultvalueofDisableBuildToLosslessisOf;fullylosslessisenabled,andimagesarebuilt
tothehighestquality.Incaseswherebandwidthutilizationismorecriticalthanhighestimagequality,disable
thebuild-to-losslessfeaturebysettingDisableBuildToLosslesstoOn.SeeRecommendedCongurationsfor
OptimalBandwidthUtilizationinView5.
TheDisable-Build-to-LosslessfeatureextendsbeyondthestandardViewClientstozeroclientsandmobile
clients.
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Using VMware View Planner to Optimize
Your View Deployments
VMwareViewPlannerisaworkloadgeneratorandsizingtoolthatsimulatesalarge-scaledeploymentof
virtualizeddesktopsystems.ThisvirtualapplianceenablesyoutostudytheefectsofaViewdeploymenton
anentirevirtualizedinfrastructure.ThetoolisscalablefromafewvirtualmachinesrunningononeVMwareESX
hostuptohundredsofvirtualmachinesdistributedacrossaclusterofESXhosts.
ViewPlannerassistsinthesetupandconfgurationofthetestinginfrastructure,runsasetofapplication
operationsselectedtoberepresentativeofreal-worlduserapplications,andreportsdataonthelatenciesof
thoseoperations.ViewPlannerishighlyexibleandaccommodatesmanytestingandusagescenarios.
VMwareusedViewPlannertotesttheperformanceofPCoIPinView5.TheViewPlannertoolisavailable
toconsultantsfromtheVMwareProfessionalsServicesOrganizationandtoVMwarePartnersviadownload
fromPartnerCentral.FormoreinformationaboutevaluatingyourViewdeploymentwiththistool,contacta
VMwarePartnerortheVMwareProfessionalServicesOrganization.
ForanintroductiontoViewPlannerseetheVMwareViewPlannercommunityforumandtheViewPlanner
Datasheet.
ForcompleteinstructionsonusingViewPlanner,seetheViewPlannerandInstallationGuideandUsing
CustomApplicationsinViewPlanner.
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Recommended Congurations for Optimal
Bandwidth Utilization in View 5
View5isoptimizedtoanewleveloflowbandwidthusage.Updatestothelosslesscodecandclient-side
cachingareenabledbydefaultinView5.Youcanachievethemaximumbandwidthefciencyby:
TurningoftheBuildtoLosslesscapability
Youcangainfurtherreductionby:
Confguringaudiocompression
AllconfgurablePCoIPsettingsarewithintheViewpcoip.admgrouppolicyadministrative(ADM)template
fle.Youcanconfgurethegrouppoliciesinoneofthefollowing:
InActiveDirectory
Onanindividualvirtualmachinethatwillbetheparentortemplateforadesktoppool
BeforeyoucanconfguretheViewPCoIPsettings,youmustimportthePCoIPadministrativetemplateintothe
environmentwhereyouwillconfgurethepolicies.
ChoosetoconfgurethePCoIPgrouppolicysettingsontheActiveDirectoryserverwhenoneofthefollowing
istrue:
Youwanttoapplythepoliciestodesktoppools
YouwanttoapplythepoliciestotheentireViewenvironment
ChoosetoconfgurethePCoIPgrouppolicysettingsonanindividualmachinethatwillbetheparentor
templateforadesktoppoolwhen:
Youwanttoapplythepoliciestoonlyonedesktoppool
Ifyouareapplyingthepoliciestoonlyonedesktoppool,youhavethechoiceofconfguringthepolicieseither
inActiveDirectoryoronamastervirtualmachine.However,paycarefulattentiontothelevelatwhichyou
confgurethePCoIPgrouppolicysettings:
Planyourgrouppolicysettingsforusersandmachinesaheadoftime.YoucanmapViewdesktoppoolsto
ActiveDirectoryorganizationalunits.
ActiveDirectorydomain-levelsettingsoverridemachine-levelsettings.Formorecentralizedmanagement,
confgurethesettingsintheActiveDirectory.
ImportingthePCoIPAdministrativeTemplate
ImportingtheTemplateintotheActiveDirectoryServer
ToconfgurethegrouppoliciesinActiveDirectory,youmustfrstimportthepcoip.admgrouppolicy
templateintotheActiveDirectoryserver.
WhenyouinstallView,thisfleisautomaticallyinstalledin:
<install_directory>\VMware\VMware
View\Server\extras\GroupPolicyFiles\pcoip.adm
onyourViewConnectionServer,andyoucopyittoyourActiveDirectoryserver.
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Priortocopyingthepcoip.admtemplatefletotheActiveDirectoryserver,prepareyourViewenvironment
forapplyingpoliciestoorganizationunits(OUs):
CreateorganizationalunitsforyourViewdesktopssothatyoucanisolatetheconfguredgrouppoliciesfrom
otherWindowscomputersinthesameActiveDirectorydomain.AddyourViewdesktopstotheOUs.
FordetailsoncreatingOUsandaddingdesktopstotheOUs,seeCreateanOUforViewDesktopsinthe
ConfguringPolicieschapterintheVMwareViewAdministrationguide.
CreateGPOstocontaintheViewgrouppoliciesandlinkthemtotheOUsforyourdesktops
SelectStart>AllPrograms>AdministrativeTools>ActiveDirectoryUsersandComputers.Continuewith
theinstructionsinCreateGPOsforViewGroupPoliciesintheConfguringPolicieschapterintheVMware
ViewAdministrationguide.
AddthetemplatetoyourGPOssoyoucanapplytheViewgrouppolicysettingstoyourViewdesktops
1. Copy the pcoip.adm template fle from the Connection Server (<install_directory>\VMware\VMware
View\Server\extras\GroupPolicyFiles) directory to your Active Directory.
2. Continue with the instructions in Add View ADM Templates to a GPO in the Confguring Policies chapter
of the VMwareViewAdministrationguide.
You are now ready to confgure the pcoip.adm group policy settings in Active Directory. See
Conguring Group Policies in Active Directory.
ImportingtheTemplateintoanIndividualVirtualMachine
Toconfgurethegrouppoliciesonanindividualvirtualmachinethatwillbetheparentortemplatefora
desktoppool,youmustfrstimportthepcoip.admgrouppolicytemplateintoavirtualmachineinyourView
deployment.Youaddthepcoip.admtemplatefletotheLocalComputerPolicyconfgurationonthisvirtual
machine.
WhenyouinstallView,thisfleisautomaticallyinstalledin:
<install_directory>\VMware\VMware
View\Server\extras\GroupPolicyFiles\pcoip.adm
ontheViewConnectionServer,andyoucopyittothemastervirtualmachine.
1. On the virtual machine you will use to create the desktop pool, click Start > Run.
2. Type gpedit.msc, and click OK.
This opens the Local Group Policy Editor console in Windows.
3. Make sure you can connect to the View Connection Server from this virtual machine.
4. Navigate to Local Computer Policy > Computer Conguration.
5. Right-click Administrative Templates.
Alert: Do not select Administrative Templates under User Conguration.
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6. Click Add/Remove Templates.
Figure 1:LocalGroupPolicyEditor>Add/RemoveTemplates
7. Click Add.
Figure 2:Add/RemoveTemplates
8. Navigate to <install_directory>\VMware\VMware
View\Server\extras\GroupPolicyFiles\pcoip.adm
on the View Connection Server.
9. Click Open.
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10. Close the Add/Remove Templates window.
The PCoIP group policy settings are added to the Local Computer Policy environment on the desktop
system and are available for confguration.
Figure 3:PCoIPSessionVariablesAddedtoLocalGroupPolicyEditor
Nowthatthetemplateisonthedesktopsystem,youcanconfgurethegrouppolicies.SeeConguringGroup
PoliciesinanIndividualVirtualMachine.
ConguringRecommendedViewSettings
Nowthatyouhaveimportedthepcoip.admtemplateintoeithertheActiveDirectoryserveroraViewvirtual
machine,youconfguretheViewPCoIPsettings.
ConfiguringGroupPoliciesinActiveDirectory
ConfguregrouppoliciesinActiveDirectoryif:
Youwanttoapplythepoliciestodesktoppools
YouwanttoapplythepoliciestotheentireViewenvironment
Youmusthavefrstimportedthepcoip.admtemplateintotheActiveDirectoryserver.SeeImportingthe
TemplateintotheActiveDirectoryServer.
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ToconfgurePCoIPpoliciesinActiveDirectory:
1. On the Active Directory server, navigate to Start > Administrative Tools > Group Policy Management.
Figure 4:AdministrativeTools>GroupPolicyManagement
2. In the left pane, navigate to Group Policy Management > your_forest > Domains > your_cloud > View
Environments > View Desktops.
3. Right-click View Desktops and select Edit.

Figure 5:GroupPolicyManagement>Edit
TheGroupPolicyManagementEditoropenswithViewDesktopsindetail.
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4. Navigate to Computer Conguration > Policies > Administrative Templates... > Classic Administrative
Templates (ADM) > PCoIP Session Variables.

Figure 6: GroupPolicyManagement>ViewDesktops>PCoIPSessionVariables
Fromthispointon,theconfgurationofPCoIPsessionvariablesisthesameasinanindividualvirtualmachine.
SeeCongurationofIndividualPCoIPSessionVariables.
ConfiguringGroupPoliciesinanIndividualVirtualMachine
ChoosetoconfgurethePCoIPgrouppolicysettingsonanindividualmachinethatwillbetheparentor
templateforadesktoppoolwhen:
Youwanttoapplythepoliciestoonlyonedesktoppool
Youmusthavefrstimportedthepcoip.admtemplateintotheLocalComputerPolicyconfgurationofthe
mastervirtualmachine.SeeImportingtheTemplateintoanIndividualVirtualMachine.
ToconfgurePCoIPpoliciesonanindividualvirtualmachine:
1. Select Start > Run and type gpedit.msc.
The Local Group Policy Editor window opens.
2. Under Local Computer Policy, navigate to Computer Conguration > Administrative Templates >
Classic Administrative Templates (ADM) > PCoIP Session Variables.
3. From this point on, the confguration of PCoIP session variables is the same as for an Active Directory
server. See Conguration of Individual PCoIP Session Variables.
ConfigurationofIndividualPCoIPSessionVariables
YouhaveopenedthegrouppolicyeditoreitherinActiveDirectoryoronamastervirtualmachine.The
followingstepsarecommontoeithergrouppolicyeditor.
1. Decide whether you want to open Overridable Administrator Defaults or Not Overridable
Administrator Settings. See View PCoIP Session Variables ADM Template Settings in the Confguring
Policies chapter in the VMware View Administration guide.
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After you choose a type, the list of PCoIP session settings appears.

Figure 7:ListofPCoIPSessionSettings
Foreachsetting,theprocedureisthesame:
1. Double-click the setting name, or highlight the setting name and select Edit policy setting.
The setting window opens.
2. Select a value at the top left and confgure any details in the lower left of the window.
3. Click OK, or Apply and then Next Setting or Previous Setting.
Note:YouareconfguringthesettingsontheWindowsdesktop(sometimescalledthesofthost).Youdonot
confgureontheViewClient(softclient),butthesettingstakeefectwhenyouconnecttothedesktopwiththe
ViewClient.
RecommendedSettingstoConfigure
ViewPCoIPisoptimizedtoreducebandwidthusage.Toreachfulloptimization,VMwarerecommendsthatyou
disabletheBuild-to-LosslessfeaturewiththePCoIPsetting:
TurnofBuild-to-Losslessfeature
YoucanfurtherreducebandwidthbyincreasingaudiocompressionwiththePCoIPsetting:
CongurethePCoIPsessionaudiobandwidthlimit
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DisablingBuildtoLossless
TheBuildtoLosslessfeatureinPCoIPgiveshighestquality,preciseimagessuitableforthemedicalimagingand
artisticillustrationprofessions.Imagesarebuilttolosslessbydefault.Mostusersdonotrequirethisqualityof
imageandcannotdiferentiateperceptuallylosslessfromfullylossless.VMwarerecommendsthatyoudisable
BuildtoLosslessforallusersexceptthoseinthesespecializedprofessions.
YouconfguretheBuildtoLosslessfeatureintheTurnofBuild-to-Losslessfeaturesettinginthepcoip.adm
template.DisablingBTLgivesyouthefullimprovementinbandwidthoptimizationinView5.
TURN OFF BUI LD-TO-LOSSLESS FEATURE
Briefdefnition DisabletheBuild-to-Losslessfeaturesothatbandwidthusageisreduced.
BuildtoLosslessprovidesthehighestqualityofimagerendering.
Defaultvalue Disabled(BuildtoLosslessisenabled)
Possiblevalues Disabled,enabled.Disabledpreserveshighest-qualitylosslessimages.
Enabledbuildsimagestoperceptuallylosslessandreducesbandwidth
usageinlimitedbandwidthnetworkenvironments.Userswhorequiregreat
precisionofimagesmedicaltechniciansandillustratorsneedthissetting
disabled.Mostusersaresatisfedwithperceptuallylossless(enabled
setting).
Usecasesanddetails Enablethissettingtoreducebandwidthusageinlimitedbandwidthsettings.
Figure 8:TurnofBuildtoLossless
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ConfiguringAudioCompression
AudiocompressioniscontrolledbytheCongurethePCoIPsessionaudiobandwidthlimitsettinginthe
pcoip.admtemplate.Thelowerthebandwidthassigned,thehigherthecompression,andthelowerthe
quality.Audiocompressionisnormallyautomaticallycontrolled,withthebestaudioqualityprovidedforthe
givennetworkbandwidthavailable.IfalimitissetinCongurethePCoIPsessionaudiobandwidthlimit,the
audioqualityisreducedtoftwithinthebandwidthlimit.
CONFI GURE THE PCOI P SESSI ON AUDI O BANDWI DTH LI MI T
Briefdefnition MaximumbandwidththatcanbeusedforsoundplaybackinaPCoIPsession.
Thelowerthebandwidthassigned,thehigherthecompression,andthe
lowerthequality.Audioisnormallyautomaticallycompressed,depending
upontheavailablenetworkbandwidth.Inacongestedorconstrained
network,theaudiocompressionisincreasedtoreducethenetwork
bandwidth.Afterthecongestionisalleviated,theaudiocompressionis
reduced.Audioprocessingmonitorsthebandwidthavailableforaudioatall
timesandselectstheaudiocompressionalgorithmtousebasedon
providingthebestaudiopossible,giventhecurrentbandwidthutilization.If
alimitisset,thequalityisreduced(bychangingthecompressionalgorithm)
untilthebandwidthlimitcanberespected.Ifminimumqualityaudiocannot
beprovidedwithinthebandwidthlimitspecifed,thenaudioisdisabled.The
activebandwidththatPCoIPaudiorequiresmayuctuateandmaybe
temporarilyabovethelimit.DoesnotapplytoUSBaudio.Audiomustbe
enabledonbothendpointsbeforethesettingtakesefect.
Defaultvalue 500Kbps
Possiblevalues 0100,000Kbps.Thehighertheaudiocompression,thelowerthequality,
buttheaveragebandwidthusagefromdesktopaudioperuserisreduced.
Uncompressedhigh-qualitystereoaudiorequires1600Kbpsorabove.
450Kbpsorhigherallowsforcompressedhigh-qualitystereoaudio.
50450KbpsprovidesaudioqualitybetweenFMradioandphonecalls.
50Kbpsandbelowmayresultinnoaudioplayback.50-100Kbpsisgood
withhighnetworktrafcandaudiothatdoesnotrequirehighquality.
Usecasesanddetails Usecases:
Considerusingthissettingifthemaximumbandwidthlimitresultsin
anautomaticaudiobandwidthsettingthatishigherthanyourtarget
averagebandwidth.Forexample,alawfrmsetamaximumsession
bandwidthlimitof5Mbps,whichresultedinupto400Kbpsforusers
consistentlylisteningtoaudio.However,thisaudiobandwidthwaswell
abovethelawfrmstotalsessionaveragebandwidthtargetof175Kbps.
Inthiscase,anaudiobandwidthlimitcanbeset.
Emailandinstantmessengeraudionotifcationscauseabandwidth
spikeforeachnotifcation.Thedefaultaudiobandwidthof500Kbpsfor
200emailsperusercanresultinmorebandwidthusagethanrequired.
Emailalertsdonotneedhigh-qualityaudio,soyoucanincreaseaudio
compression.Youcansafelylimitaudiobandwidthto50100Kbpsif
networktrafcishigh,andyourusersdonotrequirehigh-qualityaudio
forotherreasons.
Videosandradiotransmissionrequirelessaudiocompression.
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Figure 9:AudioBandwidthLimit
Thefollowingtableshowsthedefaultaudiobandwidthandqualityundervariousnetworkbandwidth
conditions.ViewPCoIPisconstantlymeasuringtheavailablenetworkbandwidthforthesession.Therangesfor
availablenetworkbandwidtharesetwithintheViewaudiocompressionalgorithm,oraudiocodec.Foreach
range,audiousesasetamountofbandwidth,whichresultsinaparticularaudioquality.Withoutaconfgured
audiobandwidthlimit,theaudiocompressionalgorithmsetsaudiobandwidthconsumptionatthedefaultlevel
indicatedinthetableaccordingtoavailablebandwidth.

I F THE AVAI LABLE


NETWORK BANDWI DTH I S:
THEN AUDI O WI LL USE
THI S AMOUNT OF BANDWI DTH:
AND THE RESULTI NG
AUDI O QUALI TY I S:
>=8Mbps 1500Kbps CD-qualitystereoaudio
28Mbps 400Kbps Stereoaudio
700Kbps2Mbps 90Kbps Mono
125700Kbps 60Kbps Compressedmono(likeaphonecall)

Ifyousetanaudiobandwidthlimit,thenPCoIPrecognizesonlythatamountofavailablebandwidth,andthe
audioqualityisreduced(bychangingthecompressionalgorithm)untiltheaudiobandwidthlimitcanbe
respected.Ifminimumqualityaudiocannotbeprovidedwithinthebandwidthlimitspecifed,thenaudiois
disabledforthatPCoIPsession.
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Windows Desktop Settings to Optimize
Performance over a WAN
Operatingsystemtuningandoptimizationisextremelyimportant.Theefectsofsmallreductionsinbandwidth
usagearegreatlybenefcialwhenscaledoverhundredsandthousandsofinstances.Evena10%reductionin
CPU,I/O,ornetworkconsumptioncanbesignifcantoverawholedeployment.
ThereareanumberofvisualsettingsinWindowsthatrequireadditionalbandwidthtodeliver.Aninitialstepin
optimizingforWANnetworksistoconsiderturningthesefeaturesoftosignifcantlyreducetheaverageand
peaknetworkbandwidthrequired.
Theseconfgurationsarenotrequired,butyoumaywishtotesttheefectsofturningofcertainvisualsettings
thatyourusersdonotneed.
ThesesettingschangesapplytobothRDPandPCoIP,toreducenetworkbandwidthused.
FormoreinformationaboutWindows7andWindowsXPsettingsforaViewdeployment,see:
VMwareViewOptimizationGuideforWindows7
WindowsXPDeploymentGuide
Windows7VisualSettingsOptimization
TooptimizeWindows7visualsettings,usethecommandscommands.txtfleintheVMwareView
OptimizationGuideforWindows7.Thisfleshouldberunonlybyanexperiencedadministratorwhofully
understandsthechangesmadebythescript.ReviewthesectioncalledOptimizationAidsProvidedand
AppendixB.
Important:IfyouareimplementingPersonaManagement,deletethesethreelinesfromthescriptforthose
desktops:
Powershell Set-Service VSS -startuptype disabled
...
vssadmin delete shadows /All /Quiet
Powershell disable-computerrestore -drive c:\

Tooptimizethevisualsettings:
1. Save Commands.txt as Commands.bat.
2. Right-click Commands.bat and select Run as administrator.
WindowsXPVisualSettingsOptimization
Setvisualefectstobestperformance:
1. Right-click My Computer, and select Properties.
2. From the Advanced tab, click Settings.
3. Select the Adjust for best performance option.
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Removedesktopwallpaper:
1. From the Start menu, click Run.
2. Enter gpedit.msc to display the Group Policy window.
3. From the Computer Conguration folder, select Administrative Templates > Windows Components >
Terminal Services > Enforce Removal of Remote Desktop Wallpaper.
4. Select Enabled, and click OK.
Enableblankscreensaver:
1. From the Start menu, click Run.
2. Type gpedit.msc to display the Group Policy window.
3. From the User Conguration folder, select Administrative Templates > Control Panel > Display >
Screen Saver.
The Screen Saver dialog appears.
4. Select Enabled.
5. Click Next Setting to display the Screen Saver executable name Properties dialog.
Type scrnsave.scr for Screen Saver executable name.
EnabletheClassicStartmenu:
1. Right-click the Taskbar and select Properties.
2. From the Start menu tab, select the Classic Start Menu.
3. Click Apply, and then click Customize.
4. Scroll to the bottom of the Advanced Start menu options, and select Show Small Icons in Start menu.
5. Deselect Use Personalized Menus, click OK, and then click OK again.
Disableadditionalfading:
1. Right-click the desktop, and select Properties.
2. From the Appearance tab, click Efects.
3. Deselect all options, click OK, and then click OK again.
Changesystemiconandtextsettings:
1. From the Control Panel, select the View menu.
2. Select Toolbars > Customize, and set the Text options to No text labels and set Icon options to
Small icons.
3. Click Close.
4. From the Control Panel, select the Tools menu.
5. Select Folder Options, and select the View tab.
VMware View 5 with PCoIP
Network Optimization Guide
VMWARE VI EW WI T H PCOI P / 1 9
6. Select options as shown in the following two screenshots.

Figure11:SystemIconandTextChanges
7. Click Apply.
VMware View 5 with PCoIP
Network Optimization Guide
VMWARE VI EW WI T H PCOI P / 2 0
Network Optimization
IfperformanceneedsimprovementinyourViewdeployment,thefrstthingtocheckisthenetwork
confguration.
Theneedsofeveryorganizationarediferent.Whenyouplanyournetwork,consider:
Thekindsofcomputingtaskstheenduserswillperform(typicalofcework;VoIP;heavyaudio/video
utilization)
Graphicalintensityoftheworkofthetypicaluser(suchasformspagesor3Dviewing)
Importanceofimagequalitytouser(artistsandmedicaltechnicians,asopposedtoadministratorsandofce
workers)
Amountofinteractiveorstaticviewing
Physicalorgeographicallocationofallusers(workingfromhome;ofshore)
Requiredperipherals(printers,microphones,specializedkeyboards,externalCDorDVD)
WhetherLocalModewillbeused
Averagebandwidthutilizationofusersperformingthejobrequirementsforeachusecase
Increasedbandwidthrequiredtosatisfymoredemandingusers
Note:VMwareViewisnotdesignedtohandleheavy3Dapplications,suchasCAD/CAM.Viewsupportslight3D
applicationssuchasOfce2010andAero.
StrengthsofthePCoIPProtocol
PCoIPisareal-timeprotocolbasedontheUserDatagramProtocol(UDP).UDPprovidesnoresiliency
facilitiesatthenetworklayer.Instead,PCoIPprovidesresiliencyattheapplicationlayer.Thereal-timenature
oftheprotocolmeansthatPCoIPmakesthedecisionsaboutwhichdataisimportant,andwhichdatacanbe
discarded.Theprotocolisthereforeveryresponsive,butanythingthatmayinducepacketlossoraddlatency
mustbeeliminatedforoptimalperformance.
PCoIPautomaticallyreducesimageorsoundqualityoncongestednetworks,andresumesbestqualitywhen
congestionisalleviated.PCoIPisadaptiveandcandetectavailablenetworkbandwidthandnetworkconditions,
suchasdelayedorout-of-orderpacketdelivery.Whentheseconditionsreachaparticularthreshold,PCoIP
compensatesbylimitinghowmuchbandwidthitusesorbyincreasingcompressiondepth.Youneedtomake
surethenetworkisoptimizedsothatPCoIPdoesnotadjustitselfdowntoalevelwithunsatisfactoryquality.
PCoIPrequiresminimalandconsistentlatencyandhigh-priorityqueuingtoperformwell.
ThereareanumberoftuningoptionsforoptimizingperformanceonaWANincluding:
EnsuringsufcientminimumnetworkbandwidthforPCoIPpackets
MinimizingpacketbuferingforPCoIPpacketsthroughthenetwork
Ensuringanappropriatequeuingorpriorityconfgurationintheswitchorrouter
FollowingkeyWANtestingguidelines
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Network Optimization Guide
VMWARE VI EW WI T H PCOI P / 2 1
NetworkBandwidthPlanningforBasicOfceProductivityDesktops
Determinetheminimumbandwidthrequiredforsimultaneousaccessfortypicalofceproductivityusers.
Whenyouconsideryournetworkbandwidth,planwiththefollowingestimates:
100to150Kbpsaveragebandwidthforabasicofceproductivitydesktop:typicalofceapplications
withnovideo,no3Dgraphics,andthedefaultWindowsandVMwareViewsettings
50to100Kbpsaveragebandwidthforanoptimizedofceproductivitydesktop:typicalofceapplications
withnovideo,no3Dgraphics,withWindowsdesktopsettingsoptimizedandVMwareViewoptimized
400to600Kbpsaveragebandwidthforvirtualdesktopsutilizingmultiplemonitors,3D,Aero,and
Ofce2010
500Kbpsto1Mbpsminimumpeakbandwidthtoprovideheadroomforburstsofdisplaychanges.In
general,sizeyournetworkusingtheaveragebandwidth,butconsiderpeakbandwidthtoaccommodate
burstsofimagingtrafcassociatedwithlargescreenchanges.
Thepercentageofuserswhowilluse3Dgraphics.Youmightbalanceuserswhowilluse3Dwith
otheruserswhowillnotuse3Dgraphics.Thoseusing3Dwillhavehigherbandwidthutilization.With
thereducedbandwidthconsumptioninView5,adding3DusersissatisfactoryonaWANwithupto
approximately100mslatency.
2Mbpspersimultaneoususerrunning480pvideo,dependingupontheconfguredframeratelimitandthe
videotype
Lessthan80%networkutilization
Note:50to150Kbpspertypicaluserisbasedontheassumptionthatallusersareoperatingcontinuouslyand
performingsimilartasksoveran8-to10-hourday.The50KbpsbandwidthusagefgureisfromViewPlanner
testingonaLANwiththeBuild-to-Losslessfeaturedisabled.Situationsmayvaryinthatsomeusersmaybe
fairlyinactiveandconsumingalmostnobandwidth,allowingmoreusersperlink.Therefore,theseguidelines
areintendedtoprovideastartingpointformoredetailedbandwidthplanningandtesting.Afteryouknowthe
realbandwidthrequirementsofyourtypicalusers,substituteinthosevalues.
1.5MbpsT1ExampleforaBasicMicrosoftOfficeDesktop
Scenario:
Userswithbasicofceproductivityapplications,novideo,no3Dgraphics,andkeyboard/mouse
USBtrafc
BandwidthrequiredpertypicalofceuseronVMwareViewisfrom50150Kbps
T1networkcapacityis1.5Mbps
80%bandwidthutilization(.8utilizationfactor)
Calculations:
Intheworstcase,usersrequire150Kbps:
(1.5Mbps*.8)/150Kbps=(1500*.8)/150=8users
Inthebestcase,usersrequire50Kbps:
(1.5Mbps*.8)/50Kbps=(1500*.8)/50=24users
Result:
Between8and24concurrentusersperT1linewith1.5Mbpscapacity
Note:YoumayrequireoptimizationofbothVMwareViewandWindowsdesktopsettingstoachieve
thisuserdensity.
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Network Optimization Guide
VMWARE VI EW WI T H PCOI P / 2 2
10MbpsExampleforaMicrosoftOfficeDesktopwithOccasionalMultimedia
Inthisexample,one480pvideouserissharingthenetworklinkwithtypicalofceusers.Suchavideo
userrequiresapproximately2Mbpsofbandwidth,dependingupontheconfguredframeratelimitandthe
videotype.Twoscenariosarepresented,onewithalowerframeratelimit.Withalowerframeratelimit,
thebandwidthconsumedbythisonevideousercanbecalculatedat1.5Mbps,ratherthan2Mbps.With
thelowerframeratelimit,andthereforelessbandwidthutilizationforthevideouser,thenumberofofce
workersabletosharethelinkincreases.
Scenario1:
Userswithbasicofceproductivityapplications,no3Dgraphics,andkeyboard/mouseUSBtrafc
sharethenetworklinkwithasingleuserwatchingoccasional480pvideo
Frameratelimitissetto12fps
Bandwidthrequiredforasingle480pvideovieweris2Mbps
BandwidthrequiredpertypicalofceuseronVMwareViewisfrom50150Kbps
Networkcapacityis10Mbps
80%bandwidthutilization(.8utilizationfactor)
Resolution:
Desktopoptimizationsincluding:
Windowsdesktopsettingsoptimized
Maximumbandwidthlimitsetto5Mbps
Maximuminitialimagequalitysetto70%
Note:Amaximumbandwidthlimitpersessionof5Mbpshasbeensetsothatoneusercannotconsumeall
10Mbpsofbandwidth.
Calculations:
Becausethebandwidthutilizationfactoris.8,youneedtosetasidemorethan2Mbpsforthe
onevideouser:
2Mbps/.8utilizationfactor=2.5Mbps
Setaside2.5Mbpsforthevideouser.Dividetheremainingbandwidthoverthetypicalofceusers:
10Mbps-2.5Mbps=7.5Mbps
Theworstcasesituationisifofceusersconsume150Kbpsperuser:
(7.5Mbps*.8)/150Kbps=(7500*.8)/150=6000/150=40users
Bestcaseis50Kbpsperuser:
(7.5Mbps*.8)/50Kbps=(7500*.8)/50=6000/50=120users
Result:
40to120typicalofceuserscansharea10Mbpsnetworklinewithonevideouseriftheframerateisset
at12fpssothatthevideouserconsumes2Mbpsbandwidth.(Theframerateof12fpsisbuiltintothe
estimated2Mbpsbandwidthutilizationforthevideouser.)
Note:YoumayneedadditionalVMwareViewandWindowsoptimizationtoachievethisuserdensity.
VMware View 5 with PCoIP
Network Optimization Guide
VMWARE VI EW WI T H PCOI P / 2 3
Scenario2:
Userswithbasicofceproductivityapplications,no3Dgraphics,andkeyboard/mouseUSBtrafcshare
thenetworklinkwithasingleuserwatchingoccasional480pvideo
Frameratelimitissetto8fps
Bandwidthrequiredforasingle480pvideovieweris1.5Mbps,becauseofthelowerconfguredframe
ratelimit
BandwidthrequiredpertypicalofceuseronVMwareViewisfrom50150Kbps
Networkcapacityis10Mbps
80%bandwidthutilization(.8utilizationfactor)
Note:TheonlydiferencebetweenScenario1andScenario2istheframeratelimitsetting,whichchanges
thefgureforconsumedbandwidthofthevideouser.
Resolution:
Desktopoptimizationsincluding:
Windowsdesktopsettingsoptimized
Maximumbandwidthlimitsetto5Mbps
Maximuminitialimagequalitysetto70%
Note:Amaximumbandwidthlimitpersessionof5Mbpshasbeensetsothatoneusercannotconsumeall
10Mbpsofbandwidth.
Calculations:
Becausethebandwidthutilizationfactoris.8,youneedtosetasidemorethan1.5Mbpsfortheonevideouser:
1.5Mbps/.8utilizationfactor=1.875Mbps
Setaside1.875Mbpsforthevideouser.Dividetheremainingbandwidthoverthetypicalofceusers:
10Mbps-1.875Mbps=8.125Mbps
Theworstcasesituationisifofceusersconsume150Kbpsperuser:
(8.125Mbps*.8)/150Kbps=(8125*.8)/150=6500/150=43users
Bestcaseis50Kbpsperuser:
(8.125Mbps*.8)/50Kbps=(8125*.8)/50=6500/50=130users
Result:
43to130typicalofceuserscansharea10Mbpsnetworklinewithonevideouseriftheframerateisset
at8fpssothatthevideouserconsumes1.5Mbpsbandwidth.(Theframerateof8fpsisbuiltintothe
estimated1.5Mbpsbandwidthutilizationforthevideouser.)
Note:YoumayneedadditionalVMwareViewandWindowsoptimizationtoachievethisuserdensity.
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VMWARE VI EW WI T H PCOI P / 24
NetworkCongurationConsiderations
ToensureasuccessfulVMwareViewdeployment,performanetworkassessmenttodetermineproper
confgurationtosupportthenecessarybandwidthwhilemeetinglatency,jitter,andpacketlossrequirements.
WANAcceleratorNetworkDevicesandPCoIP
PCoIPisalreadyhighlycompressedanddoesnotneedandcannotmakeuseofWANacceleratornetwork
devices.SomeWANaccelerationfeaturesarebuiltintoPCoIP:
UDPprotocol
Noresendingofstaledroppedpackets
AudioandHIDarealreadythehighestprioritypackets
NetworkBandwidth
Followingarerecommendationsforoptimizingnetworkbandwidth:
Ensurethatafull-duplexend-to-endnetworklinkisused.
Note:Olderswitchesmayincorrectlydefaulttohalf-duplexwhenconnectedtoalinkwithautonegotiation.
Inthiscase,youmustexplicitlysettheswitchlinktofullduplex.
ConfrmnetworkconnectivityandthatsufcientbandwidthisavailablebetweentheVMwareViewserver,
VMwareViewAdministrator,andtheViewClient.
EnsurethatPCoIPpacketsarenotfragmentedatanypointinthenetworkpath.
Checkthatthemaximumtransmissionunit(MTU)intheswitchesorroutersinthenetworkpathisnotbelow
thePCoIPpacketMTUsize.ConsiderincreasingtheswitchorrouterMTUorreducingthePCoIPpacketMTU
viathePCoIPMtuSizeGPOsettoavaluebetween500and1500bytes(defaultis1400).
Note:Considerincreasingtheswitch/routerMTUbeforereducingthePCoIPpacketMTU,asalowerMTUsize
canimpactdesktopperformance.
ConsidersegmentingPCoIPtrafcviaIPQualityofService(QoS)DiferentiatedServicesCodePoint(DSCP)
oralayer2ClassofService(CoS)orvirtualLAN(VLAN).
IfaVPNisused,confrmthatUDPtrafcissupported.
DonotroutePCoIPtrafcthroughTCP-basedSSLtunnels.
UseaVPN-lesssolutionsuchasasecuritygateway,oruseInternetProtocolSecurity(IPsec)orDatagram
TransportLayerSecurity(DTLS)-enabledSSLsolutions.SeetheVMwareknowledgebasearticleVMware
ViewPCoIPSecurityGateway.
NetworkLatencyandJitter
Followingaresuggestionsforhandlingnetworklatencyandjitter:
Ensurethattheround-tripnetworklatencyislessthan250ms.
Performathoroughassessmentofactiveapplicationtrafcacrosstheend-to-endnetworktoensurethat
thereissufcientminimumbandwidthavailableforPCoIPtrafc,evenwithnetworkcongestion.
Networkcongestionandtrafcshapingwithdeeppacketbuferscancausehighpacketlatency,whichcan
beconsideredaslostpacketstoPCoIPprotocol.
Ensurethatthebufersinroutersorswitchesaresettominimizelatency(forexample,toabsorb50to100ms
ofPCoIPpackettrafc).
Ifaserviceprovidercannotreducethebuferdepthsinallroutersinthenetworkpath,considerapplying
trafc-shapingpoliciesintheCustomerEdge(CE)router,orServiceProviderEdge(PE)router.
AllowPCoIPtrafctoburstwhennetworkbandwidthisavailable(forexample,donotsetahardlimiton
PCoIPtrafcasapercentageofthelinkrate).
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VMWARE VI EW WI T H PCOI P / 2 5
EnsuresufcientpriorityforPCoIPtrafcwhileconsideringthereal-timenatureoftheprotocol.Consider
optionssuchasClass-basedWeightedFairQueuing(CBWFQ).
AssignaprioritytoPCoIPtrafcthatisabovestandardTCPtrafc,butbelowVoice-over-IP(VOIP)protocol.
EnsureguaranteednetworkbandwidthforPCoIPtrafcduringcongestion.Ingeneral,setPCoIPtrafcto
have80%oftheremainingbandwidthafterthehigherprioritytrafcisallocated.Forexample,considera
networkthatguarantees20%ofalinkbandwidthforcriticaltrafcsuchasVoIP.PCoIPshouldbesetto
receive80%oftheremainingbandwidth,or64%.Thisletsotherprotocols,suchasfletransfersorweb
trafc,totransfersometrafcwithoutstarvingthePCoIPsessions.
ToensureproperdeliveryofPCoIP,tagitinQualityofService(QoS)sothatitcompetesfairlyacrossthe
networkwithotherreal-timeprotocols.AlsoprioritizePCoIPaboveothernon-criticalandlatency-tolerant
protocols(suchasfletransfersorprintjobs).FailuretotagPCoIPproperlyinacongestednetwork
environmentleadstoPCoIPpacketlossandapooruserexperience,asPCoIPadaptsdowninresponse.
TagandclassifyPCoIPasinteractivereal-timetrafc.Generally,youwillclassifyPCoIPjustbelowVoIP,but
aboveallotherTCP-basedtrafc.WhilethisrecommendationislikelytohaveafarlargerimpactinaWAN
scenario,consideritabestpracticeforLANenvironmentsaswell.
Iftrafcshapersarebeingused,usetheminconjunctionwithaschedulingqueue,andassignhighpriorityto
thisqueuebasedontheCoSvaluesetforPCoIPtrafc.ThisisCBWFQ.
Toreducepacketlatencyfurther,confgurepriority-queuingforlow-latencytrafc,alsocalledlow-latency
queuing.Itcanbeconfguredwithclassofservicetomatchandmarkthehigh-prioritytrafc,andthensend
ittoalow-latencyqueue.OnCiscodevices,networkmanagersshouldtrydiferentqueue-limitstoensure
therearenotail-dropsonPCoIPpackets.Thisgiveshighprioritytolow-latencytrafc.Thisisaversionof
policy-basedroutingavailableonmostrouters.
Confgurecongestionavoidancepoliciestouseweightedrandomearlydetection(WRED)forPCoIPtrafc.
EnsurethattheESXvirtualswitchtrafcshaperisturnedof.
Note:Periodicexcessivelatencyisanindicationthattrafcshapingwithdeeppacketbufersisimpacting
PCoIPpacketdeliveryduringperiodsofcongestion.
Jitterorlatencyvarianceof+or30msmaybetoomuchforPCoIPtosucceed.
Ifyourusersmakeuseof3Dgraphics,networklatencyonaWANshouldnotexceed100ms.Ifyournetwork
latencyishigher,youruserswillprobablynotbesatisfedwiththerenderingof3Dgraphics.
NetworkPacketLoss
PCoIPprotocolistolerantofareasonableamountofpacketloss.BecausePCoIPtrafcisareal-timedeliveryof
arichuserdesktopexperience,packetlossshouldbeminimizedwhereverpossible.PCoIPissensitivetodelays
inpacketdeliveryandpacketlosscausedbycongestion-avoidancemechanisms.
TherearemultiplepotentialsourcesofpacketlossinaVMwareViewenvironmentincluding:
Networkcongestiontriggeringcongestionavoidancealgorithms.Whilethisisexpectedbehaviorwhen
congestionavoidancepoliciesareconfgured,excessivepacketlossduetocongestionisanindicationthat
additionaloptimizationisrequiredtoincreasebandwidthavailableortoreducePCoIPtrafc.
PCoIPpacketsthatarrivewithahighlatencyduetonetworkcongestionmaybeconsideredaslostpackets
byVMwareView.
PCoIPpacketsthatarrivesufcientlyoutofordermaybeconsideredaslostpacketsbyVMwareView.Be
suretominimizepacketre-orderinginthenetwork.
Note:Ifnetworklogsshownopacketloss,butVMwareVieworPCoIPzeroclientlogsshowpacketloss,this
indicatesthatpacketswithhighlatency,orsufcientlyout-of-orderpackets,arebeingconsideredaslost.
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VMWARE VI EW WI T H PCOI P / 2 6
DESCRI PTI ON RESOLUTI ON OPTI ONS TO CONSI DER
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Signifcantpacketloss
duetocongestion
(e.g.WREDbeingtriggered)
3 3 3 3 3
Packetsconsideredlostby
VMwareViewduetohigh
latencypacketdelivery
3 3 3 3 3 3
Packetsconsiderdlostby
VMwareViewduetosufciently
out-of-orderpackets
3 3 3
Table 1: ResolutionOptionsWhenExperiencingSignicantPacketLossforaVMwareViewSession
WANVirtualDesktopTestingGuidelines
WhenyoutestViewoveraWAN,besuretotestrealworkloadswithmultipleusersactivelysharingthelink.Key
considerationsinclude:
Single-userbandwidthtestsareinvalidbecausePCoIPprotocolwilltakeasmuchbandwidthaspossible
unlessconstrainedbythenetwork,orbyconfguration.Whenconstrained,thePCoIPprotocolfairlyshares
bandwidthwithotherPCoIPprotocolusers.
Donottrytosimulatedesktopperformancebylimitingasinglesession.Thisisalsoaninvalidtest.
Donotrelyonvideoplaybacktoberepresentativeofreal-applicationuserperformance.
Testrealwebsitesthatusersgoto,notjustsitesthatsupportWindowsmedia,becauseMMRimprovesvideo
injustthatcase.
Important:Donotuserandompacketlosstoemulatenetworkloss.Randompacketlossisnotrepresentative
ofrealnetworklossandresultsinPCoIPprotocolusingtheminimumqualityandperformance.
FreeWANemulationtoolscanrandomlydroppacketstoemulatenetworkpacketloss.
However,inrealnetworks,randompacketlossisrareandduetopoornetworklinkqualitywhichistypically
repairedbyServiceProviderswhenitoccurs.PCoIPprotocoladaptstothepacketlosstoreducethenetwork
load,howevertherandomlossalgorithmcausesPCoIPprotocoltocontinuallylowerthedisplayqualityand
frameratesuntiltheminimumqualityoorishit.
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Network Optimization Guide
VMWARE VI EW WI T H PCOI P / 2 7
Acommoncauseofpacketlossisnetworkcongestion(ortheresultofcongestionavoidancealgorithms
beingtriggered),whichresultsinperiodicandsequentiallostpackets.Thislossgoesawaywhenthe
congestionisalleviated.MoresophisticatedWANemulationtoolsincorporatemoreintelligentpacket
lossalgorithms.PCoIPprotocoladaptstothepacketlosstoreducethenetworkloadtohelpalleviatethe
networkcongestioncausingtheloss.
VMwareViewPlannerishighlyrecommendedfortestingtypicalworkloads.SeeUsingVMwareViewPlanner
toOptimizeYourViewDeployments.
X86andThinClientConsiderations
Multimediaredirection(MMR)addsvaluebecauseitacceleratessomemediaformats.MMRrequiresamore
powerfulclient,butmostclientsarepowerfulenough.VMwareViewPCoIPworkswithmultimediaredirection
(MMR),butMMRdoesnotworkacrossallViewClients.Forexample,zeroclientsdonotsupportMMR.Ifyou
needMMRinyourenvironment,chooseclientscarefullyandtestthem.
VMware View 5 with PCoIP
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VMWARE VI EW WI T H PCOI P / 2 8
Advanced Congurations in VMware View
BecauseVMwarehasoptimizedView5PCoIP,youdonotneedtoconfgureanythingbeyonddisablingBuildto
Losslessandconfguringaudiocompression.ConfguringanyotherViewPCoIPsettingsmayhavelittleefect
onbandwidthusage,exceptinspecializedcases.
ThissectionspecifessomeadvancedViewPCoIPsettingsthatmaybebenefcialinsomeusecases.
Note:ThedefaultvaluesfortheViewPCoIPsettingshavebeencarefullyselectedtogivemaximum
performanceinmostenvironments.VMwarerecommendsthatyoudonotchangethesesettingsunlessyou
havecarefullydeterminedtheoverallefecttobebenefcial.
Considerconfguringthefollowingsettingsforspecialusecases:
Imagequalitylevels
- MaximumInitialImageQuality
- MinimumImageQuality
- MaximumFrameRate
Networksettings
- CongurethemaximumPCoIPsessionbandwidth
- CongurethePCoIPsessionbandwidthoor
Clientcachesize(CongurePCoIPclientimagecachesizepolicy)
ImageDisplaySettingsinView
Foroptionaloptimization,adjusttheimagequalitysettingsinView.Thesesettingsareinthepcoip.adm
administrativepolicytemplate.RefertoImportingthePCoIPAdministrativeTemplateforinstructionson
copyingtheadministrativetemplateandconfguringsettings.
TheCongurePCoIPimagequalitylevelssettinginthepcoip.admadministrativetemplateenablescontrol
overhowPCoIPcompressesimagesduringperiodsofnetworkcongestion.Threevariableswithinthisone
settinginteroperatetoallowfnecontrolinnetwork-bandwidth-constrainedenvironments:
MaximumInitialImageQuality
Minimum Image Quality
Maximum Frame Rate
VMware View 5 with PCoIP
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VMWARE VI EW WI T H PCOI P / 2 9
MAXI MUM I NI TI AL I MAGE QUALI TY
Briefdefnition Limitstheinitialimagequalityofchangedregionsofthedisplay,whichcan
reducenetworkbandwidthpeaks.Mostusefulinlimitedbandwidth
scenarios.(Note:Theunchangedregionsoftheimageprogressivelybuildto
alossless(perfect)quality,regardlessofthissetting.)
Defaultvalue 90(percentageoffullylossless)
Possiblevalues 30100(percentageoffullylossless).Alowervaluereducestheimage
qualityofcontentchangesanddecreasespeakbandwidthrequirements.A
highervalueincreasestheimagequalityofcontentchangesandincreases
peakbandwidthrequirements.Therecommendedvalueof90orlower
bestutilizestheavailablenetworkbandwidth.Mustbesettoavalue
greaterthanorequaltotheMinimumImageQualitysetting.
Usecasesanddetails Usecases:
Whentryingtoachievealowaveragebandwidthusageperuser
Wherealinkisdesignedtobeheavilyutilizedbasedontheaverage
bandwidthused,andwherecongestionisexpectedalongwithlimited
headroomforpeaksinindividualsessionbandwidth
Environmentswhereasmallnumberofusersspikeinbandwidthand
impactotherusers
MI NI MUM I MAGE QUALI TY
Briefdefnition Setsthelowerlimitofqualityforimages.UsefulinalimitedPCoIP
bandwidthscenario,Note:Whennetworkbandwidthisnotconstrained,the
PCoIPprotocolmaintainsmaximumimagequalityregardlessofthe
MinimumImageQualitysetting.
Defaultvalue 50(percentageoffullylossless)
Possiblevalues 30100(percentageoffullylossless).Mustbesettoavaluelessthanor
equaltotheMaximumInitialImageQualitysetting.Highervaluesofimage
qualityusemorebandwidth.
Usecasesanddetails Insomemedicalorhealthcareapplications,youmightnotwanttodisplay
belowacertainqualityofimage
VMware View 5 with PCoIP
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VMWARE VI EW WI T H PCOI P / 3 0
MAXI MUM FRAME RATE
Briefdefnition Limitsthenumberofscreenupdatespersecond,whichcanreducethe
averagebandwidthconsumedperuser.Mostusefulinalow-bandwidth
scenario.Thehighertheframerate,themorefrequentlythescreenis
updated,andthemorebandwidthused.Thissettingreducesaverage
bandwidthonlywhentheworkloadshavesignifcantimagingmotion.
Desktopworkloadswithouthighimagingframerate(belowthemaximum
framerate)arenotafectedbythissetting.
Defaultvalue 30fps
Possiblevalues 1120fps.Ahighersettingmayusemorebandwidth,butprovideslessjitter,
forsmoothertransitionsinimagesthatchange,suchasvideo.Alower
settinguseslessbandwidth,butresultsinmorejitter.Dependingupon
networksettings,1015fpsisrecommended.WhensettingMaximum
FrameRate,considertheframerateofanunconstraineddesktopinyour
environment.Lookatthemaximumandaverageframeratespersecondin
thePCoIPsessionstatistics.Usertestinginyourenvironmentwillindicate
theneedforahigherorlowervalue.
Usecasesanddetails ConfgureforWANenvironmentswithvideoplaybackandfastgraphics
operations.
Inlimitedbandwidthscenarios,youmaywanttoconfguretheseimagequalitysettings.Youcanbalance
MinimumImageQualitywithMaximumFrameRate.Youcancombinealowerminimumimagequality(with
possibleblurredimages)withahigherframerateforsmoothmotion,orcombineahigherminimumimage
qualityforcrispimagingwithalowerframerate(andpossiblechoppymotion).
MaximumInitialImageQualityallowsyoutoreducethenetworkbandwidthpeaksbylimitingtheinitial
imagequalitydisplayed.Youcanconfgurealowerinitialimagequality(withpossibleblur)withmorefrequent
updates(higherframerate,smoothermotion)todecreasepeakbandwidthrequirementsduringlargescreen
changes.Oryoucanconfgureahigherinitialimagequality(crisperimage)withlessfrequentupdates(lower
framerate,possiblechoppymotion),whichincreasespeakbandwidthrequirementsduringlargescreen
changes.
PCoIPattemptstomaximizetheimagequalitywithinthefollowingbandwidthconstraints:
Confguredmaximumsessionbandwidth
Determinedbandwidthlimit(seetheserver/clientlogs)
Confguredmaximuminitialimagequality
Tip:IfyouadjustMaximumInitialImageQuality,considerconfguringitbeforeapplyingamaximumsession
bandwidthlimitorconfguringtheMinimumImageQuality.
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Network Optimization Guide
VMWARE VI EW WI T H PCOI P / 3 1
Example:NetworkCongestionCausesOccasionalDegradedUserExperience

Scenario:
Basicofceproductivityapplications,novideo,no3Dgraphics
T1linewithfouractiveusers
Ananalysisofthelinkshowsperiodicspikesinbandwidththatconsumetheavailablelinkbandwidth,
orthebandwidthassignedtoPCoIPtrafc.Furtheranalysisshowsthatthenetworktrafcduringthese
spikesisroughlydistributedacrossallactiveusers.
Usersnoticeamomentarydegradationintheirdesktopexperience.
Resolution:
SettheWindowsdesktopsettingsforbestperformanceasdescribedinWindowsDesktopSettingsto
OptimizePerformanceoveraWAN
ReducetheMaximumInitialImageQuality(forexample,to70percent)
Result:
Usersmaintainanacceptabledesktopexperienceevenduringspikesinbandwidth.
Example:ScreenPerformanceIsInconsistent

Iftheuserdesktopexperienceisdegraded,orthescreenperformanceisinconsistent,thePCoIPprotocol
adjustsandisoptimized.Ifissuesarise,adjusttheMaximumInitialImageQuality.Onlychangetheseimage
qualitysettingsifyouareconfdentaboutyourunderstandingofthem.
NetworkSettingsinView
YoucanachievetheoptimalbandwidthusageinView5withthedefaultsettings,plusbydisablingBuildto
Lossless.ThePCoIPprotocolautomaticallytakesadvantageofavailablenetworkbandwidthandfairlyshares
bandwidthacrossactiveusersonalink.Changethenetworksettingsonlyifyouhavedeterminedtheoverall
efecttobebenefcial.
ConfguringsomeofthePCoIPnetworksettingsmaybeusefulinspecialcases:
MaximumPCoIPsessionbandwidth(maximumlinkrate)(CongurethemaximumPCoIPsession
bandwidth)
Sessionbandwidthfoor(CongurethePCoIPsessionbandwidthoor)
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VMWARE VI EW WI T H PCOI P / 3 2
Thesesettingsareinthepcoip.admadministrativepolicytemplate.RefertoImportingthePCoIP
AdministrativeTemplateforinstructionsoncopyingtheadministrativetemplateandconfguringsettings.
CONFI GURE THE MAXI MUM PCOI P SESSI ON BANDWI DTH
Briefdefnition SetsthemaximumsessionbandwidthusedbyanyonePCoIPsessionsothat
oneusersbandwidthpeaksdonotinterferewithothersproductivity.
ConstrainsthemaximumlinkrateinaPCoIPsession.Permitsyoutobetter
estimatetotalbandwidthusage.Setthisvaluetotheoverallcapacityofthe
linktowhichyourendpointisconnected.Youdonotwanttheservertotry
totransmitatahigherratethanthisbecauseyouwouldhaveexcessive
packetlossandapooruserexperience.Thissettingforcesboththeclient
andservertousethelowestbandwidthsettingfoundoneitherside.Leaving
thissettingNotConfguredimposesnobandwidthconstraintsfromthe
endpointside.
Defaultvalue 90,000Kbps
Possiblevalues 10490000Kbps.Donotsetittoolowbecausetheabilitytopeakiskeyto
desktopperformance.Youwantindividualsessionstotakeadvantageof
additionallinkbandwidthwhenavailable.
Usecasesanddetails Ifsomeoneisoverconsumingbandwidth,limitthissetting.ForaLAN,there
isnoneedtoconfgurethissetting.SetperyourWANnetworkconditions.
CONFI GURE THE PCOI P SESSI ON BANDWI DTH FLOOR
Briefdefnition LowerlimittothebandwidthreservedforeachPCoIPsession.Improves
responsiveness:Auserdoesnotneedtowaitforbandwidthtobecome
availablebecausethisminimumamountiswaitingforthem.Actualsession
bandwidthcanbebelowtheoorifthedesktopdoesnotneedthe
minimumamountconfgured.
Defaultvalue 0Kbps(nominimumbandwidthisreserved,sousersmaywaitfor
bandwidthtobeavailable)
Possiblevalues 0100,000Kbps.Foragivenconfguration,thesumofallfoorsforall
connectionscannotexceedthenetworkcapability(whichwouldbe
oversubscribing).
Usecasesanddetails Useonlyinspecialcases;consumesbandwidth.

Example:NetworkCongestionfromaSmallNumberofUsersCausesDegradedUserExperience

ThePCoIPprotocolautomaticallyhandlesvariationinuserbandwidthrequirements,andyougenerallydonot
needtoconfgurenetworksettings.Insomesituations,considerchangingthesePCoIPsettings.Forexample,
usersmaycomplainofnetworkdegradation.Youinvestigateandnoticethatoneortwousersareconsuming
3or4Mbpsduringthisdegradation.Theusersmaybewatchingmorevideosthanyouanticipated.Inthis
case,makesuretheWindowsvisualsettingsareoptimized.Inaddition,youcanadjustthemaximumsession
bandwidthforallusersonthenetworklinktolimithowmuchbandwidththevideowatcherscanconsume.If
youalsosetthePCoIPbandwidthoor,youcanensureabaselineperformanceforallusersduringanetwork
congestionevent.
Ifthesesettingsarenotsufcient,consideradjustingtheimagequalitysettings.Reducethemaximuminitial
imagequalityandincreasetheminimumimagequality.
VMware View 5 with PCoIP
Network Optimization Guide
VMWARE VI EW WI T H PCOI P / 3 3
Example:OptimizingforIncreasedUserDensityonWANNetworkLinks

Scenario:
Userswithbasictaskworkerorcallcenterapplications,novideo,no3Dgraphics.Lowaveragebandwidth
isahigherprioritythanuserexperience.
1.5MbpsT1WANlink
Morethan25activeusers
Resolutionoptions:
SettheWindowsvisualsettingsforbestperformance.
SetthemaximumPCoIPsessionbandwidthperuser.Theactualsettingdependsonthenumberofusers
targetedforthelink.Thismustbesetforallusersonthelink.
Adjusttheminimumandmaximumimagequality.Forexample:
MaximumInitialImageQuality=70
MinimumImageQuality=40
ReducetheMaximumFrameRateto8fps.
Iftheaveragebandwidthisnotsufcientlyreduced,youcanuseevenlowersettingsforthemaximum
bandwidthandimagequality.
Result:
Morethantwenty-fveuserscanbeactivesimultaneouslyonaT1WANlink.
ClientCacheSizeSettinginView
Client-sideimagecachingisenabledbydefaultinViewtoreducebandwidthusage.Therecommended
memoryforclient-sidecachingis1GB.IftheViewClienthaslessmemory,youcanreducebandwidthusage
byadjustingtheViewClientcachesize.ThissettingisCongurePCoIPclientimagecachesizepolicyinthe
pcoip.admpolicytemplate.
CONFI GURE PCOI P CLI ENT I MAGE CACHE SI ZE POLI CY
Briefdefnition ControlsthesizeofthePCoIPViewClientimagecache.Client-sidecaching
storespreviouslytransmittedimagecontentontheViewClienttoavoid
retransmission,whichreducesbandwidthusage.Takesefectonlyon
WindowsViewClients,notmobileorzeroclients,andnotyetonMacor
LinuxViewClients.
Defaultvalue 250MB
Possiblevalues 50300MB.Alargercachesizereducesbandwidthusage,butrequires
morememoryontheclient.Asmallercachesizerequiresmorebandwidth
usage.
Usecasesanddetails Athinclientwithlittlememoryrequiresasmallercachesize.
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VMWARE VI EW WI T H PCOI P / 3 4
Figure12:ImageCacheSize
VMware View 5 with PCoIP
Network Optimization Guide
VMWARE VI EW WI T H PCOI P / 3 5
Using PCoIP Session Statistics to Monitor
End-User Experience
VMwareView5oferstheadministratormorethanthirtyPCoIPsessionstatisticstomonitor,obtaintrending
on,andtroubleshootend-userconnections.Troubleshootingremotedesktopconnectionsisdifcult,and
traditionallogsdonotgiveenoughinformation.ThesePCoIPcountersgiveper-sessionfeedbackonPCoIP
protocolperformance.Whenlatencyarises,orusersreportaproblem,administratorscanexaminethese
statistics.Theabilitytoexamineindividualsessionsisveryhelpful.
ThisperformancemonitoringrunsfromtheWindowsdesktop.Youcanimportthedataintoanystandard
WindowsManagementInstrumentation(WMI)-basedtoolorprogramminginterfaceforfurtheranalysis.If
youcurrentlyuseamonitoringormanagementtoolintheenterprisetocollectWMIstatistics,youcanpoint
thetooltotheViewvirtualmachinesandsetthecounterstocollectdata.Forexample,youcanusePerfMon
(WindowsPerformanceMonitor),whichissimpleandfree,yetnotveryscalable.YoucanalsodoWMIscripting.
SeveralVMwarePartnershaveintegratedthesestatisticsintorobusttools.
FormoreinformationonintegratingPCoIPsessioncountersintoyourperformancemonitoringenvironment,
seetheExaminingPCoIPSessionStatisticschapterintheVMwareViewIntegrationguide.
View5measuresandtrackssessionswithindividualsessioncountersinfvemajorcategories:
PCoIPSessionGeneralStatistics
PCoIPSessionImagingStatistics
PCoIPSessionNetworkStatistics
PCoIPSessionUSBStatistics
PCoIPSessionAudioStatistics
VMware View 5 with PCoIP
Network Optimization Guide
VMWARE VI EW WI T H PCOI P / 3 6
ThemostcommonlyusedsessionstatisticsinViewareinthefollowingtable.
PCOI P SESSI ON STATI STI C DEFI NI TI ON
AudioRXBWkbit/sec(calculatedfrom
AudioBytesReceived)
Incomingaudiopacketbandwidthbeingused,in
kilobitspersecond
AudioTXBWkbit/sec(calculatedfrom
AudioBytesSent)
Outgoingaudiopacketbandwidthbeingused,in
kilobitspersecond
SessionDurationSeconds
(SessionDurationSeconds)
HowlongthePCoIPsessionhasbeenconnected,in
seconds
ImagingEncodedFrames/sec
(ImagingEncodedFramesPersec)
ImagingencodingframespersecondthatPCoIPis
sendingacrossthenetwork
RoundTripLatencyms(RoundTripLatencyms) Networkroundtriplatencybetweenserverandclient,
inmilliseconds
RXBWkbit/sec(calculatedfromBytesReceived) ReceivebandwidthavailableforincomingPCoIP
packets,inkilobitspersecond
TXBWkbit/sec(calculatedfromBytesSent) TransmissionbandwidthavailableforoutgoingPCoIP
packets,inkilobitspersecond
TXPacketLoss%(calculatedfromPacketsSent
andTXPacketsLost)
Percentageoftransmittedpacketslostduringthe
sampledperiod
RXPacketLoss%(calculatedfrom
PacketsReceivedandRXPacketsLost)
Percentageofreceivedpacketslostduringthe
sampledperiod(receivedpacketshavesequenceIDs,
soifsomearemissing,theyareconsideredlost)
Table 2: CommonlyUsedPCoIPSessionStatisticsinView
ForacompletelistingofthePCoIPsessioncounters,seetheExaminingPCoIPSessionStatisticschapterinthe
VMwareViewIntegrationguide.
Sessionstatisticsaresampledeverysecond.

VMware, Inc.3401HillviewAvenuePaloAltoCA94304USATel877-486-9273Fax650-427-5001www.vmware.com
Copyright 2011 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. This product is protected by U.S. and international copyright and intellectual property laws. VMware products are covered by one or more patents listed at
http://www.vmware.com/go/patents. VMware is a registered trademark or trademark of VMware, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. All other marks and names mentioned herein may be
trademarks of their respective companies. Item No: VMW-NOG-VIEW-PCOIP-USLET-101-WEB
VMware View 5 with PCoIP
Network Optimization Guide
References for Further Information
FormoreinformationonVMwareView:
VisittheVMwareCommunityForumforView
QuerytheVMwareKnowledgeBase
ContactyourlocalauthorizedVMwarepartner
DelveintotheViewTechnicalResources(technicalwhitepapers),including:
- Windows7OptimizationGuideforVMwareView
- UsingPCoIPHostCardsBrokeredbyVMwareView4
- UsingPCoIPZeroClientswithPCoIPHostCards
RefertotheVMwareViewdocumentation:
- VMwareViewArchitecturePlanning
- VMwareViewAdministrationguide
- VMwareViewInstallationguide
- VMwareViewUpgradesguide
- VMwareViewClientsdocumentation
- VMwareViewIntegrationguide
ConsiderViewPlannerfortestingyournetwork
About the Author and Contributors
TinadeBenedictisisaTechnicalMarketingManagerforEnterpriseDesktopatVMware,focusedonVMware
ViewandThinApp.TinasbackgroundatVMwareincludeswritingKnowledgeBasearticlesanddeveloping
TechnicalSupporttrainingonThinApp,Fusion,andCapacityPlanner.Herpreviousbackgroundisincustomer
training,technicalsupport,andtechnicalpublicationsatcompaniesincludingMobileum(Roamware),Scopus
(Siebel),andASK/Ingres(ComputerAssociates).
SpecialthankstoWarrenPonder,RishiBidarkar,BanitAgrawal,LawrenceSpracklen,ChuckHirstius,and
TommyWalkerfortheircontributionstothecontentinthisguide.

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