Formal letter

Introduction:
Dear Sir (Madam)/Dear Mr. Manaila/Mrs. Laptuca
I am writing on behalf of/I have been asked to write/(give reason why
you are writing this)
Main Body:
When recommending someone: Doru has always shown great
(commitment to his work)
-Use words of Latin origin e.g. honest, comprehend
-Use punctuation marks with caution
Conclusion:
I am certain that/I have no hesitation in recommending (Doru)
Please do not hesitate to contact me
Your faithfully, (If you know his name)/ Yours sincerely, (If you dont
know his name)
<Insert fake name here (first and last name)>

Informal letter
Introduction:
Dear Doru,/Hi, Doru!
It was good to get your letter/Im sorry I havent had time to/I was
delighted to hear about
-Can ask personal questions e.g. hows your brother doing?
Main Body:
When giving suggestions: In my experience(opinion)/ It seems to me
that/If I were you/To be honest
-Use words of German origin e.g. frank(instead of honest)
-Use lots of punctuation marks
-Use short forms e.g. Im,Its,Youre
-Use phrasal verbs e.g. to go with the flow, to get the picture
-Use rhetorical questions/exclamations
Conclusion:
I hope Ive been of some help/I cant wait to see you! /Take care of
yourself/Look after yourself
Best wishes, /Cheers, /Love,
<Insert fake name here (first name only)>

Article
Title
( must be catchy, can be a rhetorical question)
Introduction:
Either begin with rhetorical question and explain it or use phrases like:
In last weeks edition, you published an article that.. / I am writing on
behalf of my fellow students.. /I would like to refer(respond) to the
article in last weeks edition..
Main body:
The article suggested that/stated that/ The article was unfairly critical
of/On the contrary
-Use semi-formal language, if its a student magazine you are writing
for, the language can be informal, it depends on the targeted readers
-Since an article is a type of essay, use connectors: e.g. moreover, on
the other hand, however
Conclusion:
In conclusion/To summarize/There can be little doubt that/I hope I
have succeeded in putting the record straight.

Essay
Title
(not compulsory)
Introduction:
-Begin with the topic sentence (must be clear and brief) e.g. People
believe that Doru is the most awesome person in the world.
-You can state your opinion about the topic here and give arguments in
the main body, or you can remain neutral by developing separate
paragraphs about advantages and disadvantages, giving your opinion at
the end( not compulsory, you can remain neutral all the time, but the
essay must have a conclusion)
It is often said/Many people believe ( claim that)/Everyone often
says/mentions/claims/goes on..
Main body:
Argument 1 (2 examples to state your argument)
Argument 2 (2 examples to state your argument)
Argument 3 (2 examples to state your argument)
-Make separate paragraphs for each argument
-Argument 3 is not compulsory, it depends on how much youve written
so far
-Use lots of connectors:Also,Moreover,Furthermore,Secondly,on the
one hand,However,Alternatively,Nevertheless,In contrast,On the other
hand,whereas,while,Despite the fact that,for this
reason,Subsequently,which is why,as a result of this
Conclusion:
-State the ideas of the topic sentence using other words
-Can give your opinion here if you havent done that at the beginning
Therefore/To sum up/On balance/To conclude/in
conclusion/Finally/Considering all these

Proposal
Introduction:
The aim of this proposal is to/Considering the fact that/My experience
suggests that/In view of the fact that/At the present, the situation is
that
-Briefly outline the situation given+ your position e.g. As the supreme
ruler of the Planet,
Main body:
Heading 1
Heading 2
Heading 3
-The number of headings represents the number of suggested content
-Use conditionals:should,would,might
-Formal or semi-formal language
It would be helpful to students to be told/It would be great if/One
possible solution would be to/Providing the event is properly organized,
it could be of great assistance/You might also like to consider/The
chances are
Conclusion:
Any troubles could quickly be overcome/In conclusion, I feel quite
strongly that this is the best way to/Despite the effort required, this
would be a worthwhile step..
Report
Title
Introduction:
The following report evaluates(describes)/This report aims to
provide/The aim of this report is to
Body:
Heading 1
-Give details about the event ( it usually is an event)
-Use bullet points/lines (like I do here)
Heading 2
-Analyse problems
-Formal language
Heading 3
-Give solutions/recommendations
One idea is to/A solution to this problem/To combat this
Conclusion:
With careful planning, these ideas could prove/In my opinion, these
suggestions could prove useful to

Competition entry
-A competition entry can be like an article or review, in which case
youll need a title, or you could have the task to nominate somebody
for..supreme ruler of the Planet, lets say, in which case youll not need
a title
Introduction:
I would like to nominate Doru as the supreme ruler of the Planet/One
of the best films (books)
Body:
Paragraph 1
-State your nomination/give brief details about the person/situation
The story is about/The film begins with/Doru is a famous architect that
Paragraph 2 /3
-Give examples to support your choice e.g. Doru has shown great
strength and courage when slaying the dragon and saving the princess
Conclusion:
-Restate your choice with a strong point/argument
-Semi-formal language
To conclude with/I would strongly recommend/In conclusion, my
opinion is that

Review
-A review is usually about a place youve visited, a film youve seen, a
book youve read. The thing is they are going to give you the titles, in
which case you should choose another writing, unless you happen to
have read the book/seen the film and it has had a great impact on you
Introduction:
My family and I went last summer/ The Star Wars saga is probably one
of the best..
Main body:
The film/book is about/the plot begins with/the holiday began with
-Semi-formal language
-2-3 paragraphs each stating a different idea
Conclusion:
Looking back, I really enjoyed the film/book/experience/I strongly
recommend reading this book

Contribution to a longer piece
-You usually write for a history/geography manual/guide etc, in which
case youll need a title with the place you are going to describe
-Youll need a lot of information, and dont forget the give your opinion
if you ever went there
-Use clear, short sentences
-Language depends on the piece you are contributing to, the safest way
is to use a semi-formal one
Introduction:
Without doubt/It is generally understood that/One of the most
impressive places/buildings
Main body:
Built in the 5th century BC/It is a symbol of excellence to local
people/One of the most significant developments/Thanks to the hard
work of/It attracts people all over the world, who..
Conclusion:
For the visitors, Rome offers/It is an enduring symbol of human
achievement/For this reason, among others, a visit to Paris should not
be missed



Leaflet/Information sheet
-A leaflet is that thing you always throw away after taking it from a poor
employee that spreads out papers annoying people, so in order to
catch peoples attention, youll need a catchy title, with rhetorical
questions, and do try to be as persuasive as possible. Use a lot of you.
-Informal (or semi-formal) language
-Use short and clear sentences
-Use bullet points
-advertise, motivate the reader, use lots of punctuation marks
-the information sheet/leaflet is usually shorter, so youll most likely
find this at part 1
Introduction:
Why should you give Doru all your money? Because..!/Wouldnt you
like to/Have you ever wanted to/Now is your chance! /Come to Dorus
house for the time of your life!
Main body:
Headings 1/2 (add here rhetorical questions and explain them in bullet
points)
If you want to/You will need/Please bear in mind that/You may be
interested to know that/Take this opportunity/chance to
Conclusion:
Dont forget to/We are sure you will find the experience a useful one
Writing: You need to be familiar with all the text types you may be
required to write in the exam. You should also be aware of the criteria
that will be used in marking your texts:
-Have you achieved the purpose stated in the instructions?
-Does the text have a positive general effect on the target reader?
-Is the text organized effectively and are ideas linked appropriately?
-Has language been used accurately?
-Does the text have a good range of vocabulary and grammatical
features?
-Is the language/register appropriate for the task?
-Is the layout appropriate?
If you have answered all these questions with yes (be honest!) after
writing your text, then you should receive all the points awarded at this
part.
Part one (180-220 words)
Part two (220-260 words)