Biology Form 5 The Human Urinary System

BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
1
The organs of the urinary system
include the following:-
(a) kidneys
(b) ureters
(c) bladder
(d) urethra
2

kidney ~ You have two kidneys in
your body. They are located towards
your back, near your waist. Your
kidneys are the site of urine formation.

Ureters ~ These are muscular tubes
which transport urine from the kidneys
to the bladder.
3

Bladder ~ This is a hollow muscular
structure which stores urine. It is
capable of great distention and can
contract with considerable force.
Urethra ~ This is a muscular tube that
transports urine from the bladder to the
outside.
4
v
Label the organs in a
human urinary system
4.
3.
2.
1.
5
Bladder
Kidney
Ureter
Urethra
4.
3.
2.
6
Bladder
Kidney
Ureter
Urethra
4.
3.
7
Bladder
Kidney
Ureter
Urethra
4.
8
Bladder
Kidney
Ureter
Urethra
9
1. help to regulate the balance
of water and salts in the body
by excreting more or less salt
and increasing the intake or
loss of water.

The functions of the kidneys are:-
10
2. regulate osmotic pressure
and ionic levels in the blood.

3. excrete waste products.

4. regulate of blood pH.
11
Label the structure of a kidney
Renal pelvis
Medulla
Cortex
Renal artery
Renal vein
Ureter
1.
4.
5.
2.
3.
6.
12
The kidney has 2 internal layers.
a) renal cortex ~ an outer light-
red region
b) renal medulla ~ an inner
darker red-brown region
The structure of a kidney
13
supplies oxygenated blood
and nutrients to the kidney.

carries away filtered blood to
the body.
renal artery

renal vein
14
renal pelvis

urine formed in the kidney
drains into the renal pelvis
15
Renal pelvis
Medulla
Cortex
Renal artery
Renal vein
Ureter
4.
5.
2.
3.
6.
16
Renal pelvis
Medulla
Cortex
Renal artery
Renal vein
Ureter
4.
5.
3.
6.
17
Renal pelvis
Medulla
Cortex
Renal artery
Renal vein
Ureter
4.
5.
6.
18
Renal pelvis
Medulla
Cortex
Renal artery
Renal vein
Ureter
5.
6.
19
Renal pelvis
Medulla
Cortex
Renal artery
Renal vein
Ureter
6.
20
Renal pelvis
Medulla
Cortex
Renal artery
Renal vein
Ureter
21
The functional unit of the kidney is called
the nephron. Each human kidney consists
of about one million nephrons. A nephron
consists of three major parts-
a) the glomerulus
b) Bowmans capsule
c) the distal convoluted tubule.
The Nephron
22

- within the kidney, each nephron is
supplied with blood by an afferent
arteriole which is a branch of the renal
artery.
- each afferent arteriole divides further
into a tangled capillary network called
the glomerulus.

(a) The glomerulus
23

The capillaries of the glomerulus
reunite to from an efferent arteriole.

Each efferent arteriole divides to
from a network of blood capillaries
surrounding the kidney tubules.

These blood capillaries are called
peritubular capillaries which eventually
reunite into the renal vein.

24

Afferent
arteriole
To bladder and
external
environment
Efferent arteriole
Peritubular capillaries
To renal vein
Tubule
Bowmans capsule
Glomerulus
25

26
- The Bowmans capsule is made up of two
layers of cells that surround the glomerulus.
- The space between the two layer of cells is
called the capsular space.

(b)Bowmans capsule
27
The cells that make up the inner wall of the
Bowmans capsule are called podocytes.

The podocytes adhere closely to the
endothelial cells of the glomerulus.
T.
The renal tubule is made up of the
a) proximal convoluted tubule
b) the loop of Henle
c) the distal convoluted tubule
The distal convoluted tubules of
several nephrons join to a
common collecting duct.

28

.
Bowmans
capsule
Blood from renal
artery
Loop of Henle
Blood to
renal vein
Collecting
duct
Glomerulus
Tubule
29
Label the structure of a nephron
Bowmans
capsule

Glomerulus

Renal tubule
Loop of
Henle
Collecting
tubule
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.
30
Bowmans
capsule

Glomerulus

Renal tubule
Loop of
Henle
Collecting
tubule
5.
4.
3.
2.
31
Bowmans
capsule

Glomerulus

Renal tubule
Loop of
Henle
Collecting
tubule
5.
4.
3.
32
Bowmans
capsule

Glomerulus

Renal tubule
Loop of
Henle
Collecting
tubule
5.
4.
33
Bowmans
capsule

Glomerulus

Renal tubule
Loop of
Henle
Collecting
tubule
5.
34
Bowmans
capsule

Glomerulus

Renal tubule
Loop of
Henle
Collecting
tubule
35
The kidneys excrete waste
through urine. The kidney filter
blood and produce urine which
exits the body through the :-
a)ureters
b) urinary bladder
c) urethra.
36
All these structures are found in
both males and females.
However, the urethra exits
through the penis in males and
through the vulva in females.
37

Urine is a fluid which consists
of water, urea and other
dissolved wastes, and
some excess nutrients.

What is urine?
38
39

The formation of urine involves
3 stages:-
a. ultrafiltration
b. reabsorpton
c. secretion

The formation of urine
40

Blood containing urea and
other waste products are brought
into kidneys via the renal arteries.
Filtration occurs across the
glomerular walls.

(a) Ultrafiltration
41

Selective reabsorption takes place
when substances move across the
walls of the renal tubule into the
capillary network.It occurs at the
proximal convoluted tubule.

(b) Reabsorption
42

substances are actively secreted
from the blood into the nephron
tubule. Hydrogen ion, potassium,
ammonia, creatine and certain
drugs.

(c) Secretion
43

is the elimination of urine from
the bladder. Once a sufficient
quantity of urine has accumulated
in the bladder, the stretch receptors
located in the bladder wall will
become activated.

Urination
44

The internal sphincter in the
urethra must be relaxed by
conscious thought before the
urine can pass from the body.

Clean Blood
Renal vein
Ureter
Nephron
Tubule
Renal artery
Blood with waste
products
Waste products (urine)
to the bladder
45
1 (a) Draw and label the functional
unit of the kidney.
(i) In your diagram, outline the
arteriole from the renal artery
red to show that it carries
oxygenated blood.
Exercise
46
(ii) Outline the branch of the renal
vein blue to show that it carries
deoxygenated blood.
(iii) Outline the capillaries intertwine
the loop of Henle purple to show
that they carry a mixture of
oxygenated and deoxygenated
blood.
47
(iv) Using red, blue and purple
arrows, trace the direction
of oxygenatedand deoxygenated
blood flow through the unit.
48
(v) Using yellow arrows, trace the
direction of filtrate as it flows
through the unit beginning at
the glomerulus.
49

The End.
Thank you...

MysLkc2009@smk aminuddin baki chemor.

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BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE

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