Chapter # 31 Capacitors [1]

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Objective - I
1. A capacitor of capacitance C is charged to a pontential V. The flux of the electric field through a closed
surface enclosing the capacitor is
Ciilni i )iili V l(i( ni(lin li ^i r| iili i l+, (i +- iln (nnr|
(A) CV/c
o
(B) 2CV/c
o
(C) CV/2c
o
(D*) zero
Sol. D
+ v
-
Q
Q=cv
S
C
S :- Closed surface enclosing the capacitor.
no. of electricfied lines enter in the closed path = no. of electric field lines exist in the closed
Path.
0 | =
So we can say that the flux of the el3ectric field through a closed
surface enclosing the capacitor is zero.
2. Two capacitors each having capacitance C and breakdown voltage V are joined in series. The capacitance
and the breakdown voltage of the combinate will be
Ciilni - i iili, li i (i-ni V r, ii- - i in r| i i iilni )( i (i-ni ri^i -
(A) 2 C and 2 V (B) 2/C and 2/V (C*) 2 C and 2/V (D) 2/C and 2 V
Sol. D
+v- +v-
C C
C C C
Ceq.
C C 2

= =
+
Voltage across Ceq. = v + v = 2v
3. If the capacitors in the previous question are joined in paralle, the capacitance and the breakdown voltage of
the combination will be
l( - iili -in -- i i) ni i i iilni )( i (i-ni ri^i -
(A) 2 C and 2 V (B*) C and 2 V
(C) 2 C and V (D) C and V
Sol. C
Ceq. = C + C = 2C
Voltage across Ceq. = v
C
+v-
C
+v-
4. The equivalent capacitance of the combination shown in figure is -
li - ii) i i niilni r -
(A) C (B*) 2 C (C) C/2 (D) none of these
Sol. B
C =C
1
C =C
2
C =C
3
Here voltage cross C
3
is same across terminal charge flow through C
3
= 0
Chapter # 31 Capacitors [2]
manishkumarphysics.in

C
C
Ceq = C + C = 2C
5. Adielectric slab is inserted between the plates of an isolated capacitor. The force between the plated will
)l(l^n iili i -i - )i(nn ii i l--i ii ini r| -i -+-
(A) increase (B) decrease (C*) remain unchanged (D) become zero
(A) +^i (B) i-^i (C*) l(lnnr^i (D) iri i)^i
Sol. C
Force between capacitor plates :-
q = oA,
0
E
2
o
=
e
F = qE
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
F
2
0 0
A
F A.
2 2
o o
= o =
e e
After inserted dielectric slap, charge on the other plate is remain same & the fore between
the plates will remain uncharged.
6. The energy density in the electric field created by a point charge falls off with the distance from the point
charge as
)l+ i(i ,ii - l(nn ii - +i i-( l+ i(i i ii i-ni r -
(A) 1/r (B) 1/r
2
(C) 1/r
3
(D*) 1/r
4
Sol. D
2
2
0 0
2
0
1 1 Q
Energy density E
2 2
4 r
| |
= e = e |
|
t e
\ .
2
0
2 4
0
Q 1
2
16 r
e
=
t e
Energy density
4
1
r

7. A parallel-plate capacitor has plates of unequal of unequal area. The large plate is connected to the positive
terminal of the battery and the smaller plate to its neagtive terminal. Let Q
+
and Q

be the charges apperaing

on the positive and the negative plates respectively.
)-in --iili i -i i i i-iri r | +i -i +-i i-l-nii i-i -i ~i -l-
ii ini r| -ii Q
+
( Q

-i i ( ~i - i(i r ni -
(A) Q
+
> Q

. (B*) Q
+
= Q

. (C) Q
+
< Q

.
(D) The infromation is not sufficent to decide the relation between Q
+
and Q
-
.
Q
+
nii Q

+i+i nin l) i in r|
Sol. B
Charge not depends upon the Area of plates.
So Q
+
= Q
-
+Q -Q
Chapter # 31 Capacitors [3]
manishkumarphysics.in
8. A thin metal plate P is inserted between the plates of a parallel-plate capacitor of capacitance C in such a
way that its edges touch the two plates (fig.). The capacitance now becomes -
Ciilni -in --iili i -i -)ni iin i - P;nr (lini; ini r| l; li ii
-i i -i | iilni + ri ini r -
(A) C/2 (B) 2 C (C) 0 (D*)
Sol. D
d
Thin metal plate edges touch the two plates that causes the d is reduces to zero.
=
e
=
d
A
C
0
9. Fig. shows two capacitors connected in series and joined to a bettery. The graph shows the variation in
pontential as one moves from left to right on the branch containing the capacitors -
liii i iili i ii-- i )+ -i i i ini r | iilii (ii iii - +i i l(i( - l(n
^i,ii iii ^i r -
(A) C
1
> C
2
. (B) C
1
= C
2
. (C*) C
1
< C
2
.
(A) (B)
(D) The information is not sufficient to decide the relation between C
1
and C
2
.
(D) C
1
( C
2
-+i nin l) i in r|
Sol. C
v
E
x
=
C
2
> C
1 C
1
C
2
v vv
x
10. Two metal plates having charges Q, - Qface each other at some separation and are dipped into an oil tank.
If the oil is pumped out, the electric field between the plates will -
(A*) increase (B) decrease (C) remain the same (D) become zero
i iil-(-, l i(i Q, ( - Qr, ) i i- i- r| ;r n )-- +ii ^i r| l n
+ir lili ini r, ni -i - l(nn ii -
(A*) +^i (B) i-^i (C) (ri r^i (D) iri i)^i
Sol. A
0
v Q
E
d 2 A
= =
e
oil
0
Q
E
2 KA
=
e
E > E
oil
If oil is pumpedout, the electrif field between the plates will increased.s
Chapter # 31 Capacitors [4]
manishkumarphysics.in
11. Two spheres of capacitances C
1
and C
2
carry some charges. They are put in contact and then separated.
The final charges Q
1
and Q
2
on them will satisfy.
C
1
( C
2
iilni i iil-(^ii i(i r| r ) ln l ^ li ini r| ln- i( i
Q
1
( Q
2
l +i i n- ^ -
(A)
Q
Q
C
C
1
2
1
2
<
(B*)
Q
Q
C
C
1
2
1
2
=
(C)
Q
Q
C
C
1
2
1
2
>
(D)
Q
Q
C
C
1
2
2
1
=
Sol. B
Charge flow unit 1 potential diference accross the capacitor will be same.
Then final charge is Q, at C
1
& Q
2
at C
2
.
at capacitor C
1

Q
1
= C
1
Q
1
1
Q
v ....(i)
C
=
at capacitor C
2

Q
2
= C
2
v
2
2
Q
v ....(ii)
C
=
From eq. (i) & (ii) we get
1 2
1 2
Q Q
C C
=
1 1
1 2
Q C
Q C
=
12. Three capacitors of capacitances 2F each are available. The minimumand maximumcapacitances, which
may be obtained are -
niiili l- -i iilni 2F r| in n-( lin- iilni ri^i -
(A) 6F, 18F (B) 3F, 12F (C) 2F, 12F (D*) 2F, 18F
Sol. D
for minimum capacitances :-
Capacitor cannect in series
=
Ceq
1 1 1 1
Ceq 2 f
Ceq 6 6 6
= + + =
for maximum capacitances :-
Capacitor cannect in parallel
=
Ceq
Ceq. = 6 + 6 + 6 = 18f
Objective - II
1. The capacitance of a capacitor does not depend on
(A) the shape of the plates (B) the size of the plates
(C*) the charges on the plates (D) the separation between the plates.
)iili i iilni li ri ni r -
(A) -i i iln (B) -i ii
(C*) -i i(i (D) -i - i
Chapter # 31 Capacitors [5]
manishkumarphysics.in
Sol. C
0
A
C
d
e
=
Capacitance of capacitor does not depends on the charges at the plates.
2. A dielectric slab is inserted between the plates of an isolated charged capacitor. Which of the following
quantites will remain the same ?
(A) The electric field in the capacitor (B*) the charge on the capacitor
(C) the potential differencr between the plates (D) the stored energy in the capacitor
)l(l^n i(lin iili i -i - )i(nn l--i ii ini r| l - ii ilii ri +^i
(A) iili - l(nnii (B*) iili i(i
(C) -i -l(i(in (D) iili - ^lrn+i
Sol. B
a dielectric slap is inserted between the plates of an isolated charged capacitor. The charge
on the capacitor remain same.
0
K A
C
d
e
=
K - Dielectic constant of the slab
0
Q
E
2 KA
=
e
C - Capacitance
E - Electric field
L
2
0 0
0
1 1 Q
U E
2 2 2 KA
| |
= e = e
|
|
e
\ .
U - Energy storedin capacitor
3. A dielectric slab is inserted between the plates of a capacitor. The charge on the capacitor is Q and the
magnitude of the induced charge on each surface of the dielectric is Q.
(A) Q may be larger than Q. (B) Q must be large than Q.
(C) Q must be equal than Q. (D*) Q must be smaller than Q.
)iili i -i -)i(nnl--i (lii i; ini r| iili i(i Qr nii i(nnl--i -
- ln i(i i l-ii Q r -
(A) Q , Q ii ri ni r| (B) Q , Q ii rii ilr)|
(C) Q , Q +i+ rii ilr)| (D*) Q , Q - rii ilr)|
Sol. D
Q must be smaller than Q.
4. Each plate of a parallel plate capacitor has a charge q on it. The capacitor is now connected to a battery.
Now,
(A*) the facing surfaces of the capacitor have equal and opposite charges.
(B) the two plates of the capacitor have equal and opposite charges.
(C*) the battery supplies equal and oppostie charges to the two plates.
(D*) the outer surface of the plates have equal charges.
)-in --iili i -- q i(i r| iili i + )+-i ii ini r| + -
(A*) iili i-i- -i +i+ )( l(ln i(i r|
(B) iili i ii -i +i+ )( l(ln i(i r|
(C*) +-i ii -i i +i+ )( l(ln i(i ni r|
(D*) -i +iri -i -i i(i r|
Sol. ACD
q
0
The capacitor is now connected to a battery. Now the facing
surfaces of the capacitor have equal and opposite sharge
v
+q
2
-q
2
The battery supplies equal and opposite charges to the two plates.
The outer surface of the plates have equal charges.
Chapter # 31 Capacitors [6]
manishkumarphysics.in
5. The separation between the plates of a charged parallelplate capacitor is increased. Which of the following
quantities will charge ?
(A) charge on the capacitor (B*) potential difference across the capacitor
(C*) energy of the capacitor (D) energy density between the plates.
)i(lin-in --iili i -i -i +i; ini r| ;- ii ilii l(lnnri^i -
(A) iili i(i (B*) iili l(i(in
(C*) iili i +i (D) -i - +i i-(
Sol. BC
d
0
A
C
d
e
=
d > d
d'
0
A
C'
d'
e
=
C < C
Charge on the capacitor will remain same.
Q = Cv = C v
C > C, So V > V
V + V are the potential difference across the capacitor.
Energy V =
2
Q
2c
New energy
2
Q
u'
2c'
=
C > C , So U > U
6. Aparallel-plate capacitor is connected to a battery. Ametal sheet of negligable thickness is placed between
the plates. The sheet remains parallel to the plates of the capacitor.
(A) The battery will supply more charge
(B) The capacitance will increase.
(C) The potnetial difference between the plates will increase
(D*) Equal and opposite charges will appear on the two faces of the metal plate.
)-in -- iili )+-i i i ini r -i -)^-i -i; i iil-(--i ii ini r| --i iili i
-i -in rni r -
(A) +-i lii(i ^i|
(B) iilni + i)^i|
(C) -i -l(i(in + i)^i|
(D*) iin i - i ii nri +i+ )( l(lni(i i i)^i|
Sol. D
v
+ -
-q q
-Q +Q
Metal Plate
Equal and opposite charge will appear on the two faces of the metal plate.
7. Following operations can be performed on a capacitor:
X - connect the capacitor to a battery of emf w.
Y - disconnect the battery
Z - reconnect the battery with polarity reversed
W - insert a dilectric slab in the capacitor
(A) In XYZ (peroform X, then Y, then Z) the stored electric energy remains unchanged and no termal
energy is developed.
(B*) The charge appearing on the capacitor is greater after the action XWY than after the action XYW
(C*) The electric energy stored in the capacitor is greater after the action WXY than after the action XYW.
(D*) The electric field in the capacitor after the action XW is the same as that after WX.
Chapter # 31 Capacitors [7]
manishkumarphysics.in
)iili lli) i i ni r :
X- iili i c l(nn (ir+i +-i ii|
Y - +-i i r-ii
Z - +-i i l(in i(ini ii|
W - iili - )i(nnl--i iii|
(A) XYZ - (r X , l Y, l Z) ^lrn (nn +i l(lnn rni r )( i; nii+i - ri rini|
(B*) li XYW in iili ii i(i, li xyw in i i(i ii r|
(C*) li XWY in iili - ^lrn +i, li xyw in ^lrn +i ii r|
(D*) li XW in iili - (nnii, li WX in (nnii +i+ r|
Sol. BCD
A xyz
+
C
-
2
i
1
U c
2
= e
+
C
-
2
f
1
U c
2
= e
work doen by the battery =
2
2c e
Heat = W.D. by the battery - (U
f
- U
i
)
=
2
2c e
Thermal Energy
B xwy
+
C
- +
K
-
x w y
C'=CK
xyw
+
C
-
x y w
K
C'=CK
Q > Q
1
The charge appearing on the capacitor is greater after the action xwy than after the action
xyw.
C
w x y
K
C'=CK
Chapter # 31 Capacitors [8]
manishkumarphysics.in
Electric Energy =
2 2 2
2
Q C 1 C
E
2C' 2CK 2 K
e
= = = e
The electric Energy stored in the capacitor is greater after the action wxy then after the
action xyw.
D xw
+
C
-
x w
+
K
-
C'=CK
Electric field =
0 0 0
Q C K C
2A K 2A K 2A
e e
= =
e e e
wx
w
x
K
O O
C'=CK
C' -C'
+ -
Q = C' =CK
Electric field =
0 0 0
Q C K C
2A K 2A K 2A
e e
= =
e e e