Building Structure Individual Report

Building Structures [ARC2522/2523]
PROJECT 2: EXTENSION OF A R.C. BUNGALOW

Name : Chan Kah Leong Leon
Student ID : 0310587
Lecturer : Ar Chin Tuck Heng
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Table of Contents
1) Introduction 2
1.1) Design Brief 2
2) Extension Proposal 3-7
2.2) Architectural Plans 3-7
3) Quantify Dead & Live Loads Acting on Structure 7

4) Load Distribution Diagram (Beams) 7-9
5) Beam Analysis Calculation 9-32
6) Load Distribution Diagram (Columns) 33-34
7) Column Analysis Calculation 35-49

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Introduction
Our case study is a two storey bungalow corner house. It is located at 8, Jalan Pulau
Angsa U10/5A, Puncak Perdana, 40150, Shah Alam. This bungalow sits at the end of one road;
right beside it is a numerous forest which provides good scenery. It is corner house and has
own garden area around existing building. This potential really benefits us to extend the existing
structure.
A documentation of drawings are done to identify the structural elements of the building
and after that, we are to propose a renovation idea individually. After designing a renovated
space with appropriate structural elements, the load acting on the structure must be identified.
An analysis of the beams load distribution, bending moment and shear force will be carried out
along with the columns load distribution.
Design Brief
The proposed extension area must not exceed 100m per floor and 30% of the total area
of the house. The extension must also be sideways and of two-storey in height. Taking a fellow
course mate as a client, the extension includes a music room on the ground floor as they are an
avid follower of music. There is a gym adjacent to the room to promote exercise in the
convenience of their own home. The gym has a glass faade to get a good view of the garden.
This faade is shaded by the balcony on the first floor. On the first floor, a dedicated
multipurpose studio is designed right before a store room to enable easy storage of supplies
and keep the room looking neat as the course mate is an architecture student. A balcony is
connected to the studio to allow fresh air and daylight into the room.

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Extension Proposal
Architectural Plans

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Ground floor area: 252.6m First floor area: 264.2m Total area: 516.8m
Extension area: 29.1m Extension area: 39.3m Total ext.: 68.4m
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Structural Plans

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Quantify Dead Loads Acting on Structure
Ground Floor
Gym Music Room
Slab thickness = 150mm Slab thickness = 150mm
Slab self-weight = 0.15 x 24kN/m Slab self-weight = 0.15 x 24kN/m
= 3.6kN/m = 3.6kN/m
Exterior Space
Slab thickness = 100mm
Slab self-weight = 0.1 x 24kN/m
= 2.4kN/m
First Floor
Multipurpose Studio Balcony
= 3.6kN/m = 2.4kN/m
Bathroom Store room
= 2.4kN/m = 2.4kN/m

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Quantify Live Loads Acting on Structure
Ground Floor
Gym = 4.0kN/m Music room = 5.0kN/m Exterior space = 1.5kN/m

First Floor
Multipurpose Studio = 2.5kN/m Balcony = 1.5kN/m
Bathroom = 2.0kN/m Store room = 1.0kN/m
(According to 4
th
schedule of UBBL for live load according to function of space.)

Load Distribution Diagram

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Beam Analysis Calculation
1) Ground Floor Beam, G-I / 4
1) Self-weight Dead load
2) Slab dead load & live load:
> G-I / 3-4 (2-way slab)
> G-I / 4-5 (2-way slab)
3) Brick wall Dead load

____________________________________________________________________________

Beam self-weight = beam size x concrete density
= 0.15m x 0.45m x 24kN/m
= 1.62kN/m
Brick wall weight = wall height x thickness x density
= 3.65 x 0.15 x 19kN/m
= 10.4kN/m

____________________________________________________________________________

Dead load on slab G-I / 3-4 (2-way slab)
Load is transferred to the beam in a trapezoidal form. Convert the trapezoidal load into UDL.
Dead load = 3.6kN/m x (3.29/2)m
= 5.9kN/m

= 5.4kN/m
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Live load on slab G-I / 3-4 (2-way slab)
Live load = 5.0kN/m x (3.29/2)m
= 8.2kN/m

= 6.0kN/m

Total Dead Load Diagram Total Live Load Diagram
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Ultimate Load
Apply factor of 1.4 and 1.6 to dead and live load respectively.

Dead load G-I = 23.32 x 1.4 = 32.6kN/m

Live load G-I = 14.2 x 1.6 = 22.7 kN/m

Ultimate load G-I = 32.6 + 22.7 = 55.3 kN/m

Reaction Force
Mg = 0
0 = Ri(4.72) 261.0(2.36)
(4.72)RI = 616.0
Ri = 130.5kN
Fy = 0
= 130.5 + Rg 261.0
Rg = 130.5 kN

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The size of the beam used (0.15x0.45) with 2% reinforcement can handle a bending moment up
to 205kN and hence, is suitable.

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2) Ground Floor Beam, G-I / 5
> G-I / 4-5 (1-way slab)
> G-I / 5-6 (2-way slab)
____________________________________________________________________________

= 0.15m x 0.45m x 24kN/m
= 1.62kN/m
= 3.65 x 0.15 x 19kN/m
= 10.4kN/m
____________________________________________________________________________

= 5.4kN/m
Load is transferred to the beam in a UDL form.
= 2.8kN/m
= 6.0kN/m
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Dead load = 1.5 kN/m x (2.31/2)m
= 1.7 kN/m
Ultimate Load

Dead load G-I = 20.2 x 1.4 = 28.3kN/m

Live load G-I = 7.7 x 1.6 = 12.3kN/m
Ultimate load G-I = 28.3 + 12.3 = 40.6kN/m

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Reaction Force
Mg = 0
0 = Ri(4.72) 191.6(2.36)
(4.72)Rd = 452.2
Ri = 95.8 kN
Fy = 0
= 95.8 + Rg 191.6
Rg = 95.8 kN
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3) First Floor Beam, 3-4 / H
> G-H / 3-4 (2-way slab)
> H-I / 3-4 (2-way slab)
____________________________________________________________________________

= 0.15m x 0.45m x 24kN/m
= 1.62kN/m
= 3.65 x 0.15 x 19kN/m
= 10.4kN/m

____________________________________________________________________________

Dead load on slab G-H / 3-4 (2-way slab)
Load is transferred to the beam in a triangular form. Convert the triangular load into UDL by
applying factor of 2/3.
Dead load = 3.6kN/m x (3.28/2)m x 2/3
= 3.94kN/m

Dead load on H-I / 3-4 (1-way slab)
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= 3.9kN/m

Live load on slab G-H / 3-4 (2-way slab)
Live load = 2.5 kN/m x (3.28/2)m x 2/3
= 2.7kN/m

Live load on slab H-I / 3-4 (2-way slab)
= 3.3kN/m

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Ultimate Load

Dead load 3-4 = 10.8 x 1.4 = 30.5kN/m

Live load 3-4 = 6.0 x 1.6 = 11.8kN/m

Ultimate load 3-4 = 30.5 + 11.8 = 42.3kN/m

Reaction Force
M3 = 0
0 = R4(3.286) 139(1.643)
(3.286)R4 = 228.4
R6 = 69.5kN
Fy = 0
= 69.5 + R6 139
R6 = 69.5kN

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4) First Floor Beam, 4-5 / H
> G-H / 3-4 (2-way slab)
> H-I / 3-4 (2-way slab)
____________________________________________________________________________

= 0.15m x 0.45m x 24kN/m
= 1.62kN/m
= 3.65 x 0.15 x 19kN/m
= 10.4kN/m

____________________________________________________________________________

Dead load = 3.6kN/m x (3.00/2)m x 2/3
= 3.6kN/m

Dead load on H-I / 4-5 (1-way slab)
= 3.6kN/m

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Load is transferred to the beam in triangular form. Convert the triangular load into UDL by
applying factor 2/3.
Live load = 2.5 kN/m x (3.00/2)m x 2/3
= 2.5kN/m

= 1.5kN/m

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Ultimate Load

Dead load 4-5 = 19.2 x 1.4 = 29.4kN/m

Live load 4-5 = 4.0 x 1.6 = 8.5kN/m


Reaction Force
M4 = 0
0 = R5(3.00) 113.7(1.5)
(3.00)R4 = 170.6
R6 = 56.9kN
Fy = 0
= 56.9 + R6 113.7
R6 = 56.8kN
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5) First Floor Beam, G-I / 4
> G-H / 3-4 (2-way slab)
> G-H / 4-5 (2-way slab)
____________________________________________________________________________

= 0.15m x 0.45m x 24kN/m
= 1.62kN/m
Brick wall weight = wall height x thickness x density (only from H I)
= 3.65 x 0.15 x 19kN/m
= 10.4kN/m

____________________________________________________________________________

= 5.9kN/m

Dead load on G-H /4-5 (2-way slab)
= 5.4kN/m

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Live load = 2.5 kN/m x (3.28/2)m
= 4.1kN/m

= 3.8kN/m

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Ultimate Load
Dead load G-H = 12.9 x 1.4 = 18.0kN/m
Dead load H-I = 12.0 x 1.4 = 16.8kN/m
Live load G-H= 7.9 x 1.6 = 12.6kN/m
Ultimate load G-H = 18.0 + 12.6 = 30.6kN/m
Ultimate load H-I = 16.8kN/m

Reaction Force (Point load present at H)
Mg = 0
0 = Ri(4.647) 133.9(1.649) 47.25(3.972) 56.8(3.297) 69.5(3.297)
(4.647)Ri = 824.89
Ri = 177.5kN
Fy = 0
= 177.5 + R4 133.9 47.25 56.8 69.5
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R4 = 129.95kN
to 205kN and hence, is not suitable. It should be replaced with a beam of 0.25 x 0.75 with 2%
reinforcement.

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6. First Floor Beam, 5-6 / H
> G-H / 5-6 (2-way slab)
> H-I / 5-6 (2-way slab)

____________________________________________________________________________

= 0.15m x 0.61m x 24kN/m
= 2.2kN/m

____________________________________________________________________________

Dead load = 2.4kN/m x (3.297 /2)m x 2/3
= 2.64kN/m

Dead load on slab H-I / 5-6 (2-way slab)
= 1.72kN/m
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Live load = 1.5kN/m x (3.30/2)m x 2/3
= 1.65kN/m

= 1.07kN/m


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Ultimate Load

Dead load 5-6 = 5.98 x 1.4 = 8,4kN/m
Live load 5-6 = 2.72 x 1.6 = 4.4kN/m

Reaction Force
M5 = 0
0 = R6(2.314) 29.6(1.157)
(2.314)R6 = 34.25
R6 = 14.8kN
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Fy = 0
= 14.8 + R6 29.6
R4 = 14.8kN

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Load Distribution Diagram
The distribution of load from slab to column using the tributary area method.

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1.0 Column Analysis Calculation
1.1 Column I / 3
Slab ( Dead load )

Given: Quantify dead load of roof = 1.0 kN/m
2
Dead load from roof slab = 1.0 kN/m
2
x Area
= 1.0 kN/m
2
x 1.64m x 2.36m

= 3.87 kN

Assuming slab thickness is 150mm,
Given: Density of concrete = 24 kN/m
3

Dead load from first floor slab = 0.15 m x 24 kN/m
3

x Area
= 0.15 m x 24 kN/m
3

x 1.6 m x 0.712 m

= 4.10 kN

Dead load from ground floor slab = 0.15 m x 24 kN/m
3

x Area
= 0.15 m x 24 kN/m
3

x 1.64m x 2.36m

= 13.93 kN

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Beam ( Dead load )
Assuming beam size is 150 mm x 500 mm,
Given: Density of concrete = 24 kN/m3
Self weight of beam = Beam size x Density of concrete
= 0.15 m x 0.5 m x 24 kN/m3
= 1.8 kN/m

Dead load of beam from roof level
= self weight of beam x total length
= 1.8 kN/m x ( 1.6 + 2.4 )m
= 7.4 kN

Dead load of beam from first floor level
= 1.8 kN/m x ( 1.6 + 0.7 )m
= 4.14 kN

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Dead load of beam from ground floor level
= 1.8 kN/m x ( 1.6 + 2.4 )m
= 7.4 kN
3) Brick wall
Assuming wall height is 3000 mm, wall thickness is 150 mm,
Given: Density of brick = 19 kN/m
3
Brick wall weight = Wall height x Wall thickness x Density of brick
= 3.0 m x 0.15 m x 19 kN/m
3
= 8.55 kN/m
Dead load of brick wall from first floor level
= self weight of brick wall x total length
= 8.55 kN/m x ( 1.6 + 0.7 )m
= 19.67 kN

Dead load of brick wall from ground floor level
= 8.55 kN/m x ( 1.6 + 2.4 )m
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= 34.20 kN

Total dead load = 3.87 kN + 13.93 kN + 4.1 kN + 7.4 kN + 4.14 kN + 7.4 kN + 19.67 kN + 34.2 kN =94.71kN
Slab ( Live load )
Given: Quantify live load of roof = 0.5 kN/m2
Live load from roof = 0.5 kN/m2 x Area
= 0.5 kN/m2 x 1.64m x 2.36m

= 1.93 kN
Given: Quantify live load of first floor = 2.0 kN/m2
Live load from first floor slab = 2.0 kN/m2 x Area
= 2.0 kN/m2 x 1.6 m x 0.712 m
= 2.28 kN
Given: Quantify live load of ground floor = 1.5 kN/m2
Live load from ground floor slab = 1.5 kN/m2 x Area
= 1.5 kN/m2 x 1.64m x 2.36m

= 5.81 kN
Total live load = 1.93 kN + 2.28 kN + 5.81 kN = 10.02 kN
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Ultimate load on column
*Ultimate Load = 1.4 D.L. + 1.6 L.L.
( 1.4 x 94.71 kN ) + ( 1.6 x 10.02 kN ) = 148.59 kN
Column size estimation
Assuming Fcu = 30 N/mm
2

Fy (mild steel) = 250 N/mm
2

Ac = ( 150 x 150 )mm
2
= 22500 mm
2

Asc = 22500 mm
2
x 2% = 450 mm
2
F = ( 0.4 x Fcu x Ac ) + ( 0.8 x Asc x Fy ) N
= ( 0.4 x 30 x 22500 ) + ( 0.8 x 450 x 250 ) N
= 360 kN
Therefore, this column can sustains a load of 148.59 kN

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1.2 Column I / 4
Slab ( Dead load )

2
x 3.1 m x 2.4 m

= 7.44 kN
3

x 3.1 m x 0.7 m
= 5.21 kN
3

x 3.1 m x 2.4 m
= 26.78 kN

Beam ( Dead load )
= 1.8 kN/m x ( 3.1 + 2.4 )m
= 9.9 kN
= 1.8 kN/m x ( 3.1 + 0.7)m
= 6.84 kN
= 1.8 kN/m x ( 3.1 + 2.4 )m
= 9.9 kN
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Brick wall

Brick wall weight = 3.0 m x 0.15 m x 19 kN/m
3

= 8.55 kN/m
= 8.55 kN/m x ( 3.1 + 0.7)m
= 32.49 kN
= 8.55 kN/m x ( 3.1 + 2.4 )m
= 47.02 kN
Total dead load = 7.44 kN + 5.21 kN + 32.49 kN + 9.9 kN + 6.84 kN + 9.9 kN + 26.78 kN + 47.02 kN
= 145.58 kN

Slab ( Live load )

Live load from roof = 0.5 kN/m
2
x 3.1 m x 2.4 m

= 3.72 kN
Live load from first floor slab = 2.0 kN/m
2
x 3.1 m x 0.7 m
= 4.34 kN
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Live load from ground floor slab = 1.5 kN/m
2
x Area
= 1.5 kN/m
2
x 3.1 m x 2.4 m
= 11.16 kN


( 1.4 x 145.58 kN ) + ( 1.6 x 19.22 kN ) = 234.56 kN

2

2

Ac = ( 150 x 150 )mm
2
= 22500 mm
2

Asc = 22500 mm
2
x 2% = 450 mm
2
= ( 0.4 x 30 x 22500 ) + ( 0.8 x 450 x 250 ) N
= 360 kN
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Column G / 3
Slab ( Dead load )

Given: Quantify dead load of roof = 1.0 kN/m
2
2
x Area
= 1.0 kN/m
2
x 1.64m x 2.36m

= 3.87 kN

Assuming slab thickness is 150mm,
Given: Density of concrete = 24 kN/m
3

3

x Area
= 0.15 m x 24 kN/m
3

x 1.6 m x 0.712 m

= 4.10 kN

3

x Area
= 0.15 m x 24 kN/m
3

x 1.64m x 2.36m

= 13.93 kN

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Beam ( Dead load )
Assuming beam size is 150 mm x 500 mm,
Given: Density of concrete = 24 kN/m3
Self weight of beam = Beam size x Density of concrete
= 0.15 m x 0.5 m x 24 kN/m3
= 1.8 kN/m

= 1.8 kN/m x ( 1.6 + 2.4 )m
= 7.4 kN

= 1.8 kN/m x ( 1.6 + 0.7 )m
= 4.14 kN

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= 1.8 kN/m x ( 1.6 + 2.4 )m
= 7.4 kN
Brick wall
Assuming wall height is 3000 mm, wall thickness is 150 mm,
Given: Density of brick = 19 kN/m
3
Brick wall weight = Wall height x Wall thickness x Density of brick
= 3.0 m x 0.15 m x 19 kN/m
3
= 8.55 kN/m
= 8.55 kN/m x ( 1.6 + 0.7 )m
= 19.67 kN

= 8.55 kN/m x ( 1.6 + 2.4 )m

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= 34.20 kN

Total dead load = 3.87 kN + 13.93 kN + 4.1 kN + 7.4 kN + 4.14 kN + 7.4 kN + 19.67 kN + 34.2 kN =94.71kN
Slab ( Live load )
Given: Quantify live load of roof = 0.5 kN/m2
Live load from roof = 0.5 kN/m2 x Area
= 0.5 kN/m2 x 1.64m x 2.36m

= 1.93 kN
Given: Quantify live load of first floor = 2.0 kN/m2
Live load from first floor slab = 2.0 kN/m2 x Area
= 2.0 kN/m2 x 1.6 m x 0.712 m
= 2.28 kN
Given: Quantify live load of ground floor = 1.5 kN/m2
Live load from ground floor slab = 1.5 kN/m2 x Area
= 1.5 kN/m2 x 1.64m x 2.36m

= 5.81 kN
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*Ultimate Load = 1.4 D.L. + 1.6 L.L.
( 1.4 x 94.71 kN ) + ( 1.6 x 10.02 kN ) = 148.59 kN
2

2

Ac = ( 150 x 150 )mm
2
= 22500 mm
2

Asc = 22500 mm
2
x 2% = 450 mm
2
= ( 0.4 x 30 x 22500 ) + ( 0.8 x 450 x 250 ) N
= 360 kN

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Column G / 4
Slab ( Dead load )

2
x 3.1 m x 2.4 m

= 7.44 kN
3

x 3.1 m x 0.7 m
= 5.21 kN
3

x 3.1 m x 2.4 m
= 26.78 kN

Beam ( Dead load )
= 1.8 kN/m x ( 3.1 + 2.4 )m
= 9.9 kN
= 1.8 kN/m x ( 3.1 + 0.7)m
= 6.84 kN
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= 1.8 kN/m x ( 3.1 + 2.4 )m
= 9.9 kN
Brick wall

Brick wall weight = 3.0 m x 0.15 m x 19 kN/m
3

= 8.55 kN/m
= 8.55 kN/m x ( 3.1 + 0.7)m
= 32.49 kN
= 8.55 kN/m x ( 3.1 + 2.4 )m
= 47.02 kN
Total dead load = 7.44 kN + 5.21 kN + 32.49 kN + 9.9 kN + 6.84 kN + 9.9 kN + 26.78 kN + 47.02 kN
= 145.58 kN

Slab ( Live load )

Live load from roof = 0.5 kN/m
2
x 3.1 m x 2.4 m

= 3.72 kN
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Live load from first floor slab = 2.0 kN/m
2
x 3.1 m x 0.7 m
= 4.34 kN
Live load from ground floor slab = 1.5 kN/m
2
x Area
= 1.5 kN/m
2
x 3.1 m x 2.4 m
= 11.16 kN
( 1.4 x 145.58 kN ) + ( 1.6 x 19.22 kN ) = 234.56 kN
2

2

Ac = ( 150 x 150 )mm
2
= 22500 mm
2

Asc = 22500 mm
2
x 2% = 450 mm
2
= ( 0.4 x 30 x 22500 ) + ( 0.8 x 450 x 250 ) N
= 360 kN

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Building Structures [ARC2522/2523]

PROJECT 2: EXTENSION OF A R.C. BUNGALOW

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