S+modal+V1

S+modal+be+complement
S+modal+be+V-ing
S+modal+have+V3
S+modal+have been+
complemet

S+modal+be+V3
S+modal+being+V3
S+modal+have been+V3
S+would like+to+V1
S+would like+not+to+V1
would you please+V1
would you please+not+V1
MODAL PERFECT
1. Past Possibility
Could have=
Might have=
May have=
(mungkin telah)
Might not have=
May not have=
(mungkin tidak)
e.g.
A. Dede wasnt here
yesterday, he could have
left Tasik
B. He may not have been in
Tasik
2. Past Impossibility
Couldnt have=
(tidak mungkin)
e.g.
A. Poppy went to Bandung
yesterday
B. No, she couldnt have
gone to Bandung
yesterday
3. Past Direction
Could have=
(mungkin saja)
e.g.
Opick was free yesterday,
he could have studied but
he played games
4. Advice
Should have=
Ought to have=
(seharusnya)
Shouldnt have=
(tidak seharusnya)
e.g.
A. I should have met him
before you came
B. He shouldnt have taken
this class last semester
5. Past Conclusion
Must have=
pasti telah
Cant have=
Pasti tidak akan
e.g
A. She is upset. Her
boyfriend is not around
anymore.
She must have broken up
with her boyfriend
B. No, I locked it in her
pocket. He cant have had
money
6. Past Obligation
Be+supposed to have=
Be+have to=
(diharapkan telah)
e.g
I was supposed to have
passed STRUCTURE 1, but I
have to review it next
semester
In France, you have to drive
on the right.
FORM OF MODAL
1. Present Active



example :
1. I will teach English
S mo V1
2. I will be a teacher
S mo be complement
2. Progressive Active


example :
1. I will be teaching
S mo be V-ing
3. Perfect Active




example :
1. I would have taugh
S mo have V3
2. I would have been a
S modal have been
teacher
complemet
4. Present Passive


example :
English will be taught
S modal be V3
5. Progressive Passive


example :
English will being taught
S modal being V3
6. Perfect Passive


example :
English would have been
S modal have been
taught
V3

MODAL AUXILIARY
A. One Word of Modals
Present, future= will,
can, may, must, shall
Past= would, could,
might, should
B. Phrasal Modals
Past= could have, might
have, would have,
should have
Past, present, future=
Would= be going to, be
about to, be to, be
able, be allowed to, be
suprissed to, be used
to/used to, be
accustomed to, would
like, would rather,
would prefer, prefer,
would you mind, do
you mind if,
have/has/had to, have
got to, ought to (otta),
Ive gotta, be used
to+V-ing
1. Would you like/would like
form :



example :
I would like to go
I would like not to go
2. Would you please
form :



example :
would you please open
the door?
would you please not
open the door?
3. Possibility/Impossibility
Might, may, can, could, will,
would
4. Sugestion
How about, what about,
lets, why dont, why not
example :
Lets go!
Lets not go!
Let me go!
Let me not go!
5. Advice
Should, ought to, had
better, be supposed to
example :
POSITIVE
you should go
you ought to go
you had beter go
you are supposed to go
NEGATIVE
you oughtnt to go
you had better not go
you are supposed not
to go
you arent supposed to
go
6. Necessity/obligation
Must, have to/has to/ had
to, have got to
example :
you must come
you have to come
7. Prohibition
a. Choice : neednt, dont
have to
b. No choice : mustnt,
cant, may not
example :
you dont have to go
(kalau pergi, tidak ada
gunanya)
you mustnt go
(tidak ada pilihan untuk
pergi)


INFINITIVES AND GERUND
Infinitives and gerund are
formed from verb phrases

e.g. I want to go to Bandung
tomorrow
She avoids meeting her
friends
Infinitives and gerund
phrases function like noun,
adjective, and adverb
A. INFINITIVES
Function
a. As subject
(predicate always
singular)
e.g. To study hard
is difficult
To read books
makes you
cleaver
Invinitive as
subject after
introductory IT
e.g. It is important
to learn
English
It seems
impossible to
believe you
b. As subjective
complement
c. As objects of verbs
d. After certain noun
e. As adjective
complement
(certain adjective
can be followed by
infinitive)
B. GERUND