The history of the

music
By:
Raquel Mentxaka 3B
Ekain Diaz de Junguitu 3B
alder Etxaniz 3B
!agore "ernandez 3#
$zaskun omez de %alazar 3#
The $ndex:
1. Ancient Greek music:
-What it is.
-Instruments.
-The Gregorian chant.
2. Classical Period:
-This type o music orms.
-!eetho"en.
-#is symphonies.
-#is deaness.
-$o%art "s. !eetho"en.
&. The 'enaissance:
-What the renaissance is.
-What it means.
-The situation o the musicians at this time.
-The printing press.
-A Capella style.
-$adrigal music.
-$otet music.
-$ass music.
-Instrumental music.
-The instruments.
-(ome important composers.
). The !aro*ue Period.
-What the !aro*ue means.
-(inging.
-Instruments and the Cham+er ,rchestra.
-The instrumental suite.
-The ugue.
-Te-ture.
-#o. to listen.
#ncient reek music
What it is:
The Greeks lo"ed music/ and made it an important part o their li"e/ they
thought that the music is a .ay o honour the gods/ and make the .orld a
more human place.
This type o music .as almost uni"ersally present rom marriages and
unerals/ the .ord music comes rom the muses/ daughters o 0eus/ and
they .ere creati"e and intellectual .omen. The Greeks had pipes/ lyres/
and drums/ and cym+als such as instruments. The irst lyre .as made rom
a turtle1 it .as +elie"ed that this instrument .as in"ented +y the god
Apollo.
Instruments:
Panpipes: in"ented +y the gods/ .ere cane tu+es arranged in a scale.
(ound could +e produced +y +lo.ing across the holes.
The syrin-: A series o .ooden tu+es/ tuned +y their diering lengths
.ere +lo.n/ the sound is popular at poetry recitals.
The aulos: .as a .ind instrument .hich produced a lo. and
resonant clarinet sound/ it .as diicult to play.

The Gregorian chant:

In the $iddle Age started the Gregorian Chant/ and represents almost a
thousand year o the music history o 2urope/ +ut much o the music had
+een lost. $ost o the composers o this period are anonymous. There are
some techni*ues at this time/ such as the plainchant/ .itch considerer that
.as sung only and .ithout rhythm or harmony/ e"eryone sang in a unison/
this means that e"eryone sang the same thing and these tunes are also
called Gregorian Chant.
&lassical 'eriod
()*+,-)./*0
The music o this period is "ery structured and the e-citement .as
controlled. The music .as melodious and simple. There are like )3
musicians. The classical period .anted +alance and contrast.
This type of music forms:
(onata .as the most important musical orm during this
period.
The symphony +ecame "ery popular in this period. A
symphony is an immense musical .ork. 4or e-ample:
(ymphony )3 +y $o%art.
5ery amous composers during this period are: $o%art/ !eetho"en/
#aydn6
This period ended .hen !eetho"en died in 1728.!eetho"en .as the +ridge
+et.een the classical and the 'omantic periods.

Beethoven:
9ud.ig "an !eetho"en .as +orn in Germany in 1883 and died in 1728 at
the age o :;.
!eetho"en<s grandather and ather .ere proessional musicians. Children
oten caught the trade rom his ather or grandather. #is ather teaches him
to play the piano and to +e a good musician.
!eetho"en<s ather .anted his son to +e successul. #is ather .anted that
+ecause his dream .as to his son +ecame the amily rich. (ometimes the
parents got up !eetho"en to practice ho. to play the piano. !eetho"en
ga"e his irst pu+lic perormance .hen he .as 8 years old.
#e +ecame a ine pianist and .ould oten impro"ise. When he .as a
teenager he played to $o%art. $o%art .as "ery impressed .ith him.
His symphonies:
While he .as in 5ienna =Austria>/ the 4rench 'e"olution +egan and a
4rench general called ?apoleon inspired ideas o reedom and e*uality.
With only ) notes he could +e a+le to create his most amous piece o
music: (ymphony ?o. :.
(ymphony ?o. ; .as inspired +y the +eauty !eetho"en sa. in nature. This
symphony .as also called the Pastoral (ymphony.
(ymphony ?o. @ .as .ritten +y !eetho"en .hen he .as dea. #e .as
inspired in a lo"e poem =,de To Aoy>.
His deafness:
When !eetho"en .as 27 +egan his deaness. 4irst it .asn<t a pro+lem +ut
then .hen he .as :3 he couldn<t hear anything. The ama%ing thing is that
he .rote his +est pieces o music .hen he .as dea.
#e .as angry and sad a+out his dea and in some occasions he thought to
kill himsel +ut he didn<t do it.
#e cut the legs o his piano and put the instrument on the loor to eel the
"i+rations o the music on the loor.
4amous pieces o music o him are: $oonlight (onata/ !agatelle in G =sol>
$inor.
Mozart vs. Beethoven:
$o%art .as happy and not "ery responsi+le .ith his money. !eetho"en
.as moody and ill-tempered.
The music +y $o%art .as neat and thought in his head +eore he .rite it.
!eetho"en<s music .as remiss.
!eetho"en pu+lished his irst symphony .hen he .as &3 years old and
$o%art at the same time pu+lished o"er )3 symphonies.
$o%art married/ had children and died at age o &:. !eetho"en ne"er
married1 he didn<t ha"e any children and died at the age o :;.
The Renaissance )1,,-)2,,
What the Renaissance is:
The renaissance is a period o time that started in the middle o the B5 th
Century and inished at the +eginnings o the B5II th Century.
This period o time is +et.een the +aro*ue age and the middle ages and
makes the modern age.
What it means:
It means the re+irth o the kno.ledge and the science and arts +ecame more
important.
2l Greco/ da 5inci/ 'aael/ (hakespeare6 .ere the most amous people or
renaissance men .ho started this age.
The situation of the musicians at this time:
At this age/ all the monarch had the po.er and they paid musicians to .ork
in their houses/ +ut .ith the ne. technologies and the transports/ they
started mo"ing their o.n ideas to all the composers.
The 9uther reorm also had an important position on the age.
The humanism .as important too/ the human .as the centre o all the
things that let the teocentrism in an other position.
The printing press:
In that period o time/ the printing press .as in"ented and they put it like a
contri+ution or the ci"ili%ation and +y this method/ the musician<s didn<t
ha"e to .rite the music and their compositions +y hand. They printed their
o.n scores too.
!ut some people already liked the teocentrism idea and they said that this
age .as a dark era .ith no artistic interest and they disregard that ne. art
returning to the one .ho they liked .This .as made in Greece and 'ome
mostly.
At this time/ the music started not +een religious and it +ecame more
popular that the other music +ecause it had dances and instruments too.
A ape!!a sty!e:
A Capella style .as on the renaissance. It reers not singing .ith
instruments/ the Italians +rought it to all the .orld to people kne. .ithout
melody .ho the singers sang truly.
The popular songs .ere three: the madrigal/ the motet and the mass.
Madriga! music:
It means re+aCo in (panish and .as used to sing poetically .The irst
madrigal .ere simple/ they had t.o or three "erse in each strophe /they
.ere only sang .ith t.o people .Then they started singing .ith our person
and then they changed to si- "oices. It is similar to the motet/ the only
dierence .as that this .as proane and the other religious.
Motet music:
It is one o the most important orms o singing/ +ecause it started in the
BIII th century and it inished in the B5III.
It has a lot o polyphonic "ariations/ or e-ample the cantus irmus/ it .as
named like tropo.
It had a short te-t .ritten in 9atin .ith sacred scripture.
Mass music:
This music .as religious/ and some+ody said that .as hypnotic. Was a
cele+ration sang in 9atin.
Instrumenta! music:
Ater those three music styles/ the instrumental music started gro.ing up.
This kind o music .as isolated a lot o years +eore1 this music .as going
to +e pure/ only or the placer o our inner ears.
The lute .as the most popular instrument/ the amilies o instruments
started orming and .ere called consorts and o that .ord .e get the
concert .ord.
With the instruments/ "oices and dances people o that era started creating
groups o music sets.
4our o them .ere the most important:
"#ieces for voca! acts:
They .ere principally used to +e sang .ith "oices and some instruments
like the organ and another instrument .ith keypad.
"Improvised pieces:
They .ere to types here: pieces to +e impro"ised .ith a melody reerence
and pieces .ith any reerence.
"#ieces $ased on variety:

The singer has to repeat the same part lot o times1 this .as in"ented in
(pain +y Antonio de Ca+e%on.
"#ieces created for dancing:
The dance .as the a"ourite pastime in the renaissance.
It .as elegant/ that<s .hy the no+le amilies .ere the people .ho mostly
danced/ and this .as used in the cele+rations.
!ut the to.n people in"ented another orm o dancing +ecause they .anted
to mo"e their +odies too.
The no+le amilies .eren<t allo.ed to dance only i the .anted/ they had to
memorise the dances. !ut .as a thing that impeded dancing .ell/ those
+eautiul dresses that .omen .ore. The dances had to +e danced clearly
and .ith the enormous dresses they can<t/ +ut that thing let the dances
+een elegant and slo.ly and .ere "ery .ell kno.n +y that.
The instruments:
The lute .as the most used instrument/ +ut there .ere a lot o more
instruments that had importance in the renaissance music. These are ones o
the renaissance instruments:
The s.eet lute: .as made o .ood and today has an educated orm.
Trumpets: .ere made o metal and they .ere used in military and in
sho.s.
The guitar: .as used in (pain +ut had an Ara+ian origin.
9auds: it .as used in the middle ages/ +ut the renaissance people
took it to +e used in that age too.
%ome important composers:
"Monteverdi:
#e is the most important igure o the +aro*ue and the renaissance.
#e marked the transition o the polyphonic music and he +ornt the drama
"Mi!an:
Was a (panish composer o the renaissance/ he pu+lished the irst music or
the "ihuela and he made instructions or the tempo.
"&os'uin des prez:
#e .as an inluence character o the +eginnings o the renaissance in
4rance.
Baroque 'eriod ()2,,-)*+,0
What the Baro'ue means:
!aro*ue means highly decorated. The .orld !aro*ue .as +orro.ed
rom architecture to descri+e the ela+orate music o the day. !aro*ue
music is ull o conidence and "ery complicated.
$usicians o the day made up music as they played it. That is called
impro"ising. People .ho supported musicians .ere called patrons.
They .ere usually kings/ *ueens/ dukes/ and .ealthy +usiness people.
%inging
,pera appeared during this period. ,pera is a singing play/ like a
musical. ,pera singers had to learn ho. to sing "ery loud +ecause
there .as no .ay to ampliy their "oice.
An oratorio .as like an opera/ +ut .ithout scenery. (olo singers/
choirs/ and an orchestra .ere used in oratorios. There .ere "ery
serious and dramatics .orks.
Instruments and the ham$er (rchestra
T.o popular key+oard instruments o the day .ere the organ and
harpsichord. The "iolin .as the *ueen o the instruments during this
time. The piano .asn<t in"ented yet .!eore the !aro*ue period/
instrumental music .as used mostly or singing and dancing. ?o.
instrumental music is .ritten and played or its o.n sake.
Cham+er music is played +y trios =&>/ *uartets =)>/ *uintets =:>/ and up
to a+out ten players.
The instrumenta! %uite
An instrumental suite is a set o dances. It is like an assortment o
chocolates. Instrumental suites .ere "ery popular during the !aro*ue
period. A suite could +e played +y one instrument or many
instruments.
The )ugue
A popular orm o this time .as the ugue. ?o one .rote +etter ugues
than !ach. A ugue is like a round. ,ne "oice starts the piece/ and then
other "oices enter/ one ater another/ Dust like in a round. The
dierence is that the "oices in ugues enter on higher and lo.er
pitches.
Te*ture
!aro*ue music has a polyphonic te-ture. The music has many "oices
playing dierent things all at the same time. It is like listening to i"e
people talking to you at the same time. Aust think ho. hard it .ould
+e to keep track o .hat e"eryone .as saying to you.
Ho+ to !isten
I you hear the harpsichord/ you are pro+a+ly hearing !aro*ue music.
,rnamentation .as used to dress up the music. !aro*ue music uses
lots o ornamentation/ more than any other style o music.