INTRODUCTION

Ph is a measure of the acidity or basidity of an aqueous solution. Solutions with a ph

less than 7 are said to be acidic and solutions with a ph greater than 7 are basic or alkaline.
Pure water has a ph very close to 7.
The ph scale is traceable to a set of standard solutions whose ph is established by
international agreement. Primary ph standard values are determined using a concentration cell
with transference, by measuring the potential difference between a hydrogen electrode and a
standard electrode such as the silver chloride electrode. Measurement of ph for aqueous
solutions can be done with a glass electrode and a ph meter, or using indicators.
Ph measurements are important in medicine, biology, chemistry, agriculture, forestry,
food science, environmental science, oceanography, civil engineering, chemical engineering,
nutrition, water treatment & water purification, and many other applications.


















OBJECTIVE
1. The purpose of a pH test is to measure acidity / basidity of a solution. This is important in
chemistry applications, among other things.

2. Also, many life forms live within a specified pH range, and will die if the pH value is
unsatisfactory, especially water life





















PROCEDURE
1. In this experiment, the pH of water is measured using a portable pHmeter. The
measurement is taken in a free flowing portion of thestream. pH measurement is
accomplished by using pH meter.
2. The meter is on.
3. Probe is put in first calibrating buffer.
4. CAL is pressed to calibrate for two pH solution: pH 7.00. Then, button ENTER is pressed.
5. Probe is rinsed by using distilled water.
6. Next stored is buffered with pH 4.01 and ENTER button is pressed.
7. Probe is rinsed by using distilled water again and being place insample. Reading is
taken.
























EQUIPMENT
1. Ph meter


2. Beaker


3. Water sampling equipment






DATA
Sample Water PH Value
Waste water 8.43
Stream water 8.27


DISCUSSION
PH indicator is used to measure the acidity and alkalinity of water. The pH of natural
water is in the range of 6.5 to 8.5. The result obtained from this experiment shown that waste
water has pH of 8.43 and stream water has pH of 8.27. It could be seen clearly that waste water
has low pH compared to stream water.
Typically, natural water has pH 6.5-8.5 because most aquatic cannot survive in pH
below 4. The greater natural cause for change in pH in a stream is the seasonal and daily
variation in photosynthesis. Photosynthesis uses up hydrogen molecules which causes the
concentration of hydrogen ions to decrease and thus increase the pH value.
By comparing with both sample water, it is obviously that waste water and stream water
has been a bit polluted. This is because, normally waste water might have higher alkalinity due
to the presence of lots of ions inside while stream water may have either high pH or low. The
sample of water might be taken anywhere and the pH is depends on the position where the
sample is taken whether it is near to the industrial park, near to the village, inside a jungle or
else.


CONCLUSION
The differences between polluted and unpolluted stream can be determine by using
chemical and physical parameters of water. Stream can be a river, a junction where two rivers
are combine to become one, upstream, downstream and else. Different place that the water
sample has been take present different results. People keep doing a lot of activity related to
water everyday such as industry, camping, fishing, swimming, bathing and else. Those activities
did affect the water yet adds more content to the water. The water sample which is taken from
the place that is less of those activities will be unpolluted. Result shown the waste water is more
polluted compared to stream water.