Page 78

Standard Specification For Road Works

Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
SECTION 4 -
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
4.1 UNBOUND PAVEMENT
COURSES
4.1.1 Lower Subbase
4.1.1.1 Description
This work shall consist of
furnishing, placing, compacting
and shaping lower subbase
material on a prepared and
accepted subgrade in accordance
with this Specification and the
lines, levels, grades, dimensions
and cross-sections shown on the
Drawings and/or as required by
the S.O.
4.1.1.2 Materials
Lower subbase material shall be
inorganic soil, sand, gravel,
weathered or fragmented rock, or
a mixture of any of these
materials, essentially free from
vegetative and other organic
matter and expansive clay
minerals. It shall have a
maximum particle size of 75 mm
or less, and shall have a CBR
value not less than that shown on
the Drawings when compacted to
95% of the maximum dry density
determined in the B.S. 1377
Compaction Test (4.5 kg rammer
method) and soaked for 4 days
under a surcharge of 4.5 kg.
4.1.1.3 Construction Methods
Prior to placing any lower
subbase material, the underlying
subgrade (particularly the top 300
mm of the subgrade) shall have
been shaped and compacted in
accordance with the provisions of
Sub-Section 2.2.7.
Notwithstanding any earlier
approval of finished subgrade,
any damage to or deterioration of
the subgrade shall be made good
to the satisfaction of the S.O.
before lower subbase is
constructed.
Lower subbase shall be placed
over the full width of the
formation to the required
thickness as shown on the
Drawings or directed by the S.O.
in one layer or more, each layer
not exceeding 200 mm
compacted thickness. Where two
or more layers are required they
shall be of approximately equal
thickness and none shall be less
than 100 mm compacted
thickness.
Each layer of lower subbase shall
be processed as necessary to
bring its moisture content to a
uniform level throughout the
material suitable for compaction,
and shall then be compacted
using suitable compaction
equipment approved by the S.O.
to not less than 95% of the
maximum dry density determined
in the B.S. 1377 Compaction Test
(4.5 kg rammer method).
Compaction shall be carried out
in a longitudinal direction along
the roadbed, and shall generally
begin at the outer edge and
progress uniformly towards the
crown on each side in such a
manner that each section receives
equal compactive effort, all to the
satisfaction of the S.O.
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Page 79
Standard Specification For Road Works
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
The lower subbase shall be
finished in a neat and workman
like manner, and shall have an
average thickness over any 100
metre length not less than the
required thickness. The top
surface of the lower subbase shall
have the required shape,
superelevation, levels and grades,
and shall be everywhere within
the tolerances specified in Sub-
Section 4.4.
4.1.2 Subbase
4.1.2.1 Description
This work shall consist of
furnishing, placing, compacting
and shaping subbase material on
a prepared and accepted subgrade
or lower subbase in accordance
with this Specification and the
lines, levels, grades, dimensions
and cross-sections shown on the
Drawings and/or as required by
the S.O.
4.1.2.2 Materials
Subbase material shall be a
natural or prepared aggregate
comprising crushed rock,
weathered or fragmented rock,
gravel or crushed gravel, sand, or
a mixture of any of these
materials. It shall have a small
proportion of plastic or
non-plastic fines and shall be
essentially free from vegetative
and other organic matter,
expansive clay minerals and
lumps of clay. The material
shall conform to the following
physical and mechanical quality
requirements :-
i) the liquid limit shall be not
more than 25%;
ii) the plasticity index shall be
not more than 6;
iii) the aggregate crushing value
when tested in accordance
with M.S. 30 shall be not
more than 35;
iv) unless otherwise specified on
the Drawings or directed by
the S.O., the material shall
have a CBR value of 30 or
more when compacted to
95% of the maximum dry
density determined in the B.S.
1377 Compaction Test (4.5 kg
rammer method) and soaked
for 4 days under a surcharge
of 4.5 kg;
v) the gradation shall conform
to one of the envelopes
shown in Table 4.1 with the
fraction passing the B.S. 75
um sieve not greater than 2/3
of the fraction passing the
B.S. 425 um sieve.
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Page 80
Standard Specification For Road Works
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
% Passing By Weight B.S.
Sieve
Size A B C D E F
50.0 mm
25.0 mm
9.5 mm
4.75 mm
2.00 mm
425 um
75 um
100
-
30-65
25-55
15-40
8-20
2-8
100
79-95
40-75
30-60
20-45
15-30
5-20
-
100
50-85
35-65
25-50
15-30
5-20
-
100
60-100
50-85
40-70
25-45
5-20
-
100
-
55-100
40-100
20-50
6-20
-
100
-
70-100
55-100
30-70
8-25
TABLE 4.1 - GRADATION LIMITS FOR SUBBASE MATERIAL
4.1.2.3 Construction Methods
Prior to placing any subbase
material, the underlying subgrade
(particularly the top 300 mm of the
subgrade) or lower subbase shall
have been shaped and compacted in
accordance with the provisions of
Sub-Section 2.2.7 or Sub-Section
4.1.1.3 as appropriate.
Notwithstanding any earlier
approval of finished subgrade or
lower subbase, any damage to or
deterioration of the subgrade or
lower subbase shall be made good
to the satisfaction of the S.O. before
subbase is constructed.
Subbase shall be placed with
equipment approved by the S.O.
over the full width of the formation
to the required thickness as shown
on the Drawings or directed by the
S.O. in one layer or more, each
layer not exceeding 200 mm
compacted thickness. Where two
or more layers are required they
shall be of approximately equal
thickness and none shall be less
than 100 mm compacted thickness.
Each layer of subbase shall be
processed as necessary to bring
its moisture content to a uniform
level throughout the material
suitable for compaction, and shall
then be compacted using suitable
compaction equipment approved
by the S.O. to not less than 95%
of the maximum dry density
determined in the B.S. 1377
Compaction Test (4.5 kg rammer
method). Compaction shall be
carried out in a longitudinal
direction along the carriageway,
and shall generally begin at the
outer edge and progress
uniformly towards the centre on
each side, except on
superelevated curves where
rolling shall begin at the lower
edge and progress uniformly
towards the higher edge. In all
cases compaction shall be carried
out in such a manner that each
section receives equal compactive
effort, all to the satisfaction of the
S.O.
Throughout the placing,
adjustment of moisture content
and compaction of subbase
material, care shall be taken to
maintain a uniform gradation of
the material and prevent its
separation into coarse and fine
parts, all to the satisfaction of the
S.O.