CCST question

The relationship between thermocouples and thermopiles is:

A. thermocouples consist of two or more thermopiles.
B. thermopiles consist of two or more thermocouples.
C. thermocouples only measure heat conductivity.
D. thermopile is another name for thermocouple.
CCST answer
A thermocouple is a temperature-measurin instrument that develops an electric
voltae when heated because of the combined thermoelectric effect caused by the
dissimilar composition of two electrically connected conductors-usually wires-and by
the temperature difference between the connection-hot !unction-and the other end of
the conductors-cold !unction.
A thermopile is an array of thermocouples that serves either to measure temperature
or radiant enery or to convert radiant enery into power. The thermocouples may
connect in series to ive a hiher voltae output or in parallel to ive a hiher current
output.
The correct answer is B.
"hich orifice plate is used to eliminate dammin of material at the top or bottom of
the pipe#
A. Concentric
B. $ound-eded
C. %uadrant-eded
D. Semental
CCST answer
An orifice plate is a flow-path restriction that we use in flow detection. They are in a
straiht run of smooth pipe away from valves and fittins so they do not interfere with
the restrictor and readins.
The pressures on opposite sides of the plate are different& and the difference in
pressures is proportional to the flow rate.
Semental and eccentric plates have many similarities as to function. The semental
portion of the orifice mitiates the dammin of forein materials on the upstream side
of the orifice.
'ccentric orifice plates wor( to stop dammin as well. The best answer to this
question is D& semental.
CCST question
A beveled orifice should form an anle of:
A. )ot less than *+ derees to the a,is of the pipe
B. )ot more than *+ derees to the a,is of the pipe
C. )ot less than -. derees to the a,is of the pipe
D. )ot more than -. derees to the a,is of the pipe
CCST answer
The orifice plate inserted in the line causes an increase in flow velocity and a
correspondin decrease in pressure. The flow pattern shows an effective decrease in
the cross section beyond the orifice plate& with a ma,imum velocity and minimum
pressure at the vena contracta.
The vena contracta is that area of the flow stream at its minimum si/e& where fluid
velocity is at its hihest level and where fluid pressure is at its lowest level& and it
occurs !ust downstream of the actual physical restriction.
This flow pattern and the sharp leadin ede of the orifice plate that produces it are of
ma!or importance. The anle of the bevel should not be less than -. derees. The best
answer is C.
The most common pressure tap is the:
A. Corner
B. 0lane
C. 1ipe
D. 2ena contracta
CCST answer
The purpose of pressure taps is prevent as or vapor accumulations in the connections
between the pipe and differentialpressure 3d14 measurin device.
There are five common locations for d1 taps. They are flane taps& vena contracta
taps& radius taps& full-flow 3or pipe taps4& and corner taps.
5n the 6.S.& flane taps are the predominant choice for pipe si/es 7 inches 3.+ mm4
and larer.
The best answer is B& flane.
CCST question
Control valves& which have a plu positioned by a stem& which slides throuh a
pac(in land& are often referred to as:
A. $otary motion control valves
B. 8inear stem motion control valves
C. Ball-control valves
D. 9otori/ed control valves
CCST answer
A rotary valve has a flow closure member that rotates in the flow stream to modify the
amount of fluid passin throuh the valve.
A linear valve or a lobe valve refers to the linear or straiht-line movement of the
plu and stem.
Some valves use a movable part li(e a ball& a dis(& a ate& in the flow path to modify
the rate of flow throuh the valve.
The best answer to this question is B.
CCST question
The Coriolis effect is associated with the:
A. :ead meter
B. 9anetic flowmeter
C. 1ositive displacement meter
D.Turbine meter
CCST answer
6sin the Coriolis effect that causes a laterally vibratin tube to distort& a direct
measurement of mass flow is obtainable usin a Coriolis flowmeter.
0urthermore& a direct measure of the density of the fluid is also possible.
Coriolis measurement can be very accurate irrespective of the type of as or liquid
that is measured; the same measurement tube wor(s for hydroen as and peanut
butter.
The correct answer is B& mass flowmeter.
CCST question
"hich meter does not use an obstruction#
A. :ead meter
B. 9anetic flowmeter
C. <pen channel meter
D.Turbine meter
CCST answer
A manetic flowmeter is a volumetric flowmeter& which does not have any movin
parts and is ideal for wastewater applications or any dirty liquid& which is conductive
or water based.
9anetic flowmeters will enerally not wor( with hydrocarbons.
The operation of a manetic flowmeter rests upon 0araday=s 8aw& which states the
voltae induced across any conductor as it moves at riht anles throuh a manetic
field is proportional to the velocity of that conductor.
The fluid must be electrically conductive for the 0araday principle to apply.
The other meters in this list leverae some (ind of wheel or obstacle that creates a
pressure differential from which one ascertains a flow measurement.
The correct answer is B.
CCST question
5mpulse lines are used with:
A. :ead meters
B. 9anetic flowmeters
C. 1ositive displacement meters
D. <pen channel meters
CCST answer
The head meter we refer to here is a flowmeter that uses head 3pressure4 as a
parameter in measurin the fluid flow.
5mpulse lines 3sensin lines4 connect the process to the pressure transmitter& at a
distance& so as to reduce the effect of ambient temperature on the transmitter=s
operability and life span. 2ibration and accessibility are other reasons for locatin the
transmitter away from the process.
The (ey to nailin this question is to (now that head is the same as pressure& that
impulse lines wor( in pressure related measurements& and that the other three meters
don=t use pressure as part of their scheme.
The correct answer is A.
CCST question
A continuity chec( should ta(e place prior to hoo(-up of a field transmitter to the
control room so the technician:
A. Can ma(e sure the transmitter is bein hoo(ed-up to the proper
indicator>controller.
B. Can ma(e sure the proper voltaes are present.
C. Can ma(e sure that he continues hoo(-up on a particular transmitter.
D. ?nows he may connect another transmitter to the loop circuit.
CCST answer
The best answer is A.
A continuity chec( is a test performed on a lenth of finished wire or cable to
determine if the electrical current flows continuously throuhout the lenth. 'ach
conductor may also chec( off aainst each other to ascertain that no shorts e,ist. This
ma(es sure the transmitter is hoo(in up to the indicator that one is e,pectin it to
hoo( up to& which is to say& they are connected.
CCST question
"hen the percentae of flow throuh a valve equals the percentae of plu
movement& a valve has:
A. 8inear flow characteristic
B. 'qual percentae flow characteristic
C. %uic( openin flow characteristic
D. Curved flow characteristic
CCST answer
A linear flow characteristic is when flow capacity or 3C@sub v@4 increases linearly
with valve travel. 0low is directly proportional to valve travel. This is the preferred
valve characteristic for a control valve that is wor(in at the behest of a distributive
control system 3DCS4 or prorammable loic controller 318C4.
An equal-percentae valve-flow characteristic is for equal increments of valve plu
travel the chane in flow rate with respect to travel manifests as a constant percent of
the flow rate at the time of the chane.
The chane in flow rate observed with respect to travel will be relatively small when
the valve plu is near its seat and relatively hih when the valve plu is nearly wide
open.
The correct answer is A.
CCST question
A. "hat is a thermowell#
A. 1rotective tube
B. Type of manometer
C. ',pandable bulb
D. $eservoir
CCST answer
A thermowell is a closed-end tube that surrounds the measurin !unction of
thermocouple and protects it from physical damae& corrosion& or thermo chemical
interaction with the medium whose temperature is the sub!ect of measurement. The
correct answer is A.
CCST question
"hat occurs if the temperature of the thermocouple measurin !unction is lower than
the reference !unction#
A. There is no emf output.
B. The output voltae polarity is reversed.
C. The polarity stays the same& but voltae increases.
D. The emf remains the same when temperature chanes.
CCST answer
A thermocouple wor(s on a principal that Thomas seebec( discovered in AB7A. :e
found when any conductor-metal-e,periences a difference in temperature& it would
enerate a voltae.
"hen it connects another conductor to the C hotC end of the first conductor& an
additional conductor will then also e,perience the temperature radient and develop a
voltae of its own which will oppose the oriinal.
The manitude of the effect depends on the metal in use. 6sin a dissimilar metal to
complete the circuit will have a different voltae enerated& leavin a small difference
voltae available for us to measure& which increases with temperature.
This difference can typically be between one to about D+ micro-volts per deree
Celsius for the modern rane of available metal combinations.
Thermocouples measure the temperature difference between two points not absolute
temperature. "hether one !unction is hotter or colder than other doesn=t matter& only
the direction of the voltae flow chanes. 1olarity reverses 3B4 is the correct answer.
CCST question
"hich type of flowmeter measures flow by measurin volume directly#
A. Coriolis
B. 9anetic
C. 1ositive displacement
D. Differential pressure
CCST answer
A Coriolis-type mass flowmeter measures the flow rate by determinin the torque
caused by the radial acceleration of the fluid. 5t does not measure the volume of the
liquid passin throuh the tube; it measures the amount of mass flowin throuh the
device.
A manetic flowmeter is a device for measurin volumetric flow rate across a fluid
stream by settin up a manetic field perpendicular to the direction of flow. A flowin
conductive fluid then enerates a voltae proportional to fluid speed.
A positive-displacement flowmeter measures the flow by brea(in it up into discrete
elements or pac(aes of fluid. 'ach pac(ae has a (nown volume. <ne determines the
flow rate by countin how many discrete elements pass throuh the meter per unit
time.
A differential pressure flowmeter 3d14 uses a primary element to place a constriction
in the flow stream& causin a drop in pressure. Then one uses the resultin pressure
drop to calculate the flow rate. 0low rate is proportional to the square root of the
difference in pressure one can calculate it usin Bernoulli=s equation.
<f these four methods only C-positive displacement-measures the volume directly.
CCST questions
A. "hich of the followin types of actuators responds to a pneumatic sinal#
A. Solenoid
B. 9otor
C. Diaphram
D. 'lectromanetic valve
7. Chanin the point of oriin for input data and the output sinal destination is easy
with a Distributed Control System because many chanes can be implemented by:
A. $elocatin wire !umpers in a !unction bo,.
B. Chanin the pneumatic tubin connections.
C. $eassinin inputs>outputs by chanin loop confiuration.
D. 5nstallin new transmitters and final control elements.
CCST answers
An actuator is a hydraulic& electric& or pneumatic device that moves an ob!ect or
device.
1neumatics 3from the Eree( pneumati(os& comin from the wind4 is the use of
pressuri/ed ases to do wor( in science and technoloy.
The solenoid& the motor& and an electromanetic valve all use electricity. A diaphram
e,pands and contracts dependin on the amount of air pressure that e,erts upon it.
The best answer to question A is C.
The best answer to question 7 is also C.
"hile one could accomplish chanin data input and output by performin A& B& and
D& the whole point of beauty in a distributed control system 3DCS4 is one doesn=t have
to o into the field to reconfiure the process.
$ecall that a DCS is that class of instrumentation 3input>output devices& control
devices& and operator interface devices4 that in addition to e,ecutin the stated control
functions also permits the transmission of control& measurement& and operatin
information to and from one or many user-specifiable locations& all connected by a
communication lin(. F5SA-..*-AGB*
CCST questions
A. 5n most process-control systems& the final control element is a:
A. Transmitter
B. Sensor
C. Controller
D. 2alve
7. A control valve with a direct actin actuator and direct trim will:
A. 0ail closed
B. 9aintain position
C. 0ail open
D. )ot fail
CCST answers: A. The best answer is D& valve. A final control element is a device that
directly controls the value of the manipulated variable of a control loop. <ften the
final control element is a control valve 3A)S5>5SA-..A-AGB-& revised AGG74. 5t can
also be the component of a control system& such as a control valve& that directly
reulates the flow of enery or material to or from the process 3A)S5>5SA-DD.--.+A-
7+++4. <ther e,amples of final control elements are solenoids and servomotors.
7. The best answer is C& fail open. A direct actin valve travels to the closed position
when the sinal increases. "hen there is a failure& there is no sinal and power& and
the direct actin valve fails open.
CCST questions:
A. 6sin 5SA symbols on a 1H5D 3pipin and instrument diaram4& a solid line with
three mar(s crossed by another hash mar( represents:
A. 'lectric binary sinal
B. 1neumatic binary sinal
C. 6ndefined sinal
D. Capillary tubin
CCST answer: 5SA-..A-AGB-- 3$TGG74 5nstrumentation Symbols and 5dentification
provides sufficient information to enable anyone reviewin any document depictin
process measurement and control 3who has a reasonable amount of process
(nowlede4 to understand the means of measurement and control of the process.
The symbolism and identification methods provided in this standard are applicable to
all classes of process measurement and control instrumentation. They can describe
discrete instruments and their functions. They can also describe the analoous
functions of systems that are variously termed shared display& shared control&
distributed control& and computer control.
The best answer is A.
"hat part of a test procedure should be performed 05$ST#
A. <perations test
B. 2isual inspection
C. <utput wirin chec(
D. Continuity test
CCST answer:
8oo(in at a mechanical and electrical situation lobally to spot obvious and safety
threats first is always best. Then move to more local and specific unit areas of the
tas(. The best answer is B& visual inspection.
CCST questions:
A. 6sin 5SA symbols on a 1H5D 3pipin and instrument diaram4& a solid line with
three mar(s crossed by another hash mar( represents:
A. 'lectric binary sinal
B. 1neumatic binary sinal
C. 6ndefined sinal
D. Capillary tubin
CCST answer: 5SA-..A-AGB-- 3$TGG74 5nstrumentation Symbols and 5dentification
provides sufficient information to enable anyone reviewin any document depictin
process measurement and control 3who has a reasonable amount of process
(nowlede4 to understand the means of measurement and control of the process.
The symbolism and identification methods provided in this standard are applicable to
all classes of process measurement and control instrumentation. They can describe
discrete instruments and their functions. They can also describe the analoous
functions of systems that are variously termed shared display& shared control&
distributed control& and computer control.
The best answer is A.
"hat part of a test procedure should be performed 05$ST#
A. <perations test
B. 2isual inspection
C. <utput wirin chec(
D. Continuity test
CCST answer:
8oo(in at a mechanical and electrical situation lobally to spot obvious and safety
threats first is always best. Then move to more local and specific unit areas of the
tas(. The best answer is B& visual inspection.
CCST questions
A. All of the followin allow specific information to be e,tracted from an electronic
database 'IC'1T:
A. 0ilter
B. $eport
C. Template
D. %uery
The continuous sequence of steps or Coperatin cycleC performed by a 18C processor
is (nown as:
A. 6pdatin
B. Scannin
C. 1ollin
D. $ectifyin
CCST answers
These two questions test the CCST test ta(er=s (nowlede of nomenclature.
A filter is a proram that accepts a certain type of data as input& transforms it in some
manner& and then outputs the transformed data. 0or e,ample& a proram that sorts
names is a filter because it accepts the names in unsorted order& sorts them& and then
outputs the sorted names. 6tilities that allow you to import or e,port data are also
sometimes called filters.
5n this conte,t& a report is a formatted and orani/ed presentation of data. 9ost
database-manaement systems include a report writer that enables one to desin and
enerate reports.
A template is somethin that establishes or serves as a pattern for reference.
A query is a request for information from a database. There are several different ways
to pose a query.
Scannin is the process by which a computer collects data from process sensors for
use in calculations. 5t is the sequential interroation of devices or lists of information
under the 18Cs control.
"hile the 18C may in fact update values& poll devices& and rectify aspects of the
process in response to data it encounters durin its routine& the best term for this
continuous sequence is scannin.
The correct answers are C& template& and B& scannin.
CCST question
"ith a DCS it is possible to chane from sinle loop control of a process variable to
cascade& ratio& feedforward& adaptive& or multi-variable control by JJJJJJJJJJ if all
of the peripheral hardware is installed in the field and connected to the DCS terminal
board.
A. relocatin the transmitters and 0C'
B. reconfiurin the loop
C. installin a 61S and inverter
D. installin another C16
CCST answer
5n that all the peripherals and hardware are present and in order& the tas( of chanin
control strateies and alorithms and how the athered data from the process
underoes manipulation by the distributed control system.
5n ratio control& the DCS maintains a predetermined ratio between two variables. 5n
cascade control& one controller output is the input for another controller. 0eedforward
input comes from some possible disturbance that then converts to corrective action to
the process. 0eedforward ta(es place outside the feedbac( loop. Adaptive and
multmariable control strateies also leverae numbers per their own dispositions.
These control strateies use process data& process numbers& and manipulate those
inputs mathematically. :ow that data parses depends on the confiuration of the loop.
The DCS doesn=t care; it can do the arithmetic for all these control strateies.
The best answer is B.
CCST question
All of the followin are basic components of a 18C system 'IC'1T:
A. 1rocessor
B. 5>< system
C. 1ower supply
D. C$T monitor
CCST answer
A prorammable loic controller 318C4 has a microprocessor& and it controls
industrial processes. 5t communicates with other process control components throuh
data lin(s& handles simple switchin tas(s& 15D 3proportional-interal-derivative4
control& comple, data manipulation& arithmetic operations& timin& process& and
machine control-all without a C$T 3cathode ray tube4 or video monitor. 'nineers
proram it and leave it alone. The correct answer is D.
CCST question
1rorammable 8oic Controllers:
A. 6se sequential loic control.
B. 1erform 15D control with the same capability as DCS.
C :ave limitations in fle,ibility of control strateies.
D. Are prorammed usin flow charts and 1 H 5Ds.
CCST answer
"e use ladder loic to proram prorammable loic controllers 318Cs4& where a
series of comple, loic chec(s are required before somethin is turned on. 8adder
loic is useful for simple but critical control systems or for rewor(in old hardwired
relay circuits. As 18Cs became more sophisticated& it has also been used in very
comple, automation systems.
8adder loic 3sequential loic4 is a rulebased lanuae rather than a procedural
lanuae. A CrunC in the ladder represents a rule. "hen implemented with relays and
other electromechanical devices& the various rules Ce,ecuteC simultaneously and
immediately.
The rules are typically e,ecuted sequentially by software in a loop. The best answer is
A.
This question is from the 8evel 555 study uide& Domain 7& 8oop chec(in.
CCST questions
A process is JJJJJJJJJJ if heat is produced by a reaction.
A. endothermic
B. continuous
C. intermittent
D. e,othermic
A process is JJJJJJJJJJ if heat input is required to produce a reaction.
A. endothermic
B. continuous
C. intermittent
D. e,othermic
CCST answers
These two questions are as(in about chemical reactions that are part of a process. An
endothermic reaction is one that absorbs heat from its surroundins. An e,othermic
reaction occurs with the evolution of heat that transfers into the surroundins.
An e,ample of an endothermic reaction is the decomposition of liquid water into
hydroen and o,yen as.
:7< 3A4 K heat Farrow rihtL :7 34 K M<7 34
This intuitively ma(es sense too& as one must add heat to ma(e steam 34 from water
3A4.
A typical e,othermic reaction is asoline burnin. 6pon inition& it burns
spontaneously in o,yen to ive C<7 and :7<.
7 C@sub B@:@sub AB@ 3aseous octane4 K 7. <7 34 Farrow rihtL AN C<7 34 K AB
:7< 34 K heat
The answer to question one is D; the answer to question two is A.
CCST question
The span& in inches of water& of a differential pressure transmitter used to measure the
full level of a tan( that is . ft& N in hih and contains a process material with a specific
ravity of +.G should be:
A. D*.*
B. .G.-
C. NN.+
D. ..N
CCST answer
0irst& recall the definition of span& which is the alebraic difference between the upper
and lower rane values. 5n this problem& that difference is the heiht of the tan(& or .
ft& N in.
The heiht translates to NN in of water. The process material& however& has a different
density than water& and therefore its specific ravity is different too. The specific
ravity of a liquid is the density of that liquid compared to the density of water.
The problem says the material has .G the SE of water. 0iure the correct answer by
multiplyin .G times NN to et .G.-& answer B.
This question is from the 8evel 5 study uide& Domain A& Calibration.
Aug. 2008
CCST question
An instrument calibration error comes to your attention. Your
analysis of the calibration plot determines that ________ and the
instrument does in fact need recalibration.
A. there is a !ero error
". there is a span error
C there is both a !ero and span error
#. there is a linearity error
CCST ans$er
Span error is the difference bet$een the actual span and the ideal
span. %n an input&output calibration graph span error has an as'
found line that is not parallel to the ideal line. The slopes of the t$o
lines are different. That is the case here and the correct ans$er is
".
(ero error on an input&output calibration graph has an as'found line
that is parallel to the ideal line. The !ero error may produce a
constant offset throughout the range of the instrument.
)inearity error is only a measure of the straightness of the line and
not the slope of the line. A system $ith gross sensiti*ity errors can
be linear.
CCST question
+hich orifice plate is used to eliminate damming of material at the
top or bottom of the pipe,
A. Concentric
". -ound'edged
C. .uadrant'edged
#. Segmental
CCST ans$er
An orifice plate is a flo$'path restriction that $e use in flo$
detection. They are in a straight run of smooth pipe a$ay from
*al*es and fittings so they do not interfere $ith the restrictor and
readings.
The pressures on opposite sides of the plate are different and the
difference in pressures is proportional to the flo$ rate.
Segmental and eccentric plates ha*e many similarities as to
function. The segmental portion of the orifice mitigates the
damming of foreign materials on the upstream side of the orifice.
/ccentric orifice plates $or0 to stop damming as $ell. The best
ans$er to this question is # segmental.