EXPERIMENT NO: - DATE:-

AIM: - TO PERFORM SPEED CONTROL OF D.C. SHUNT MOTOR.

EQUIPMENTS:-
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THEORY:-
D.C. shunt motor when drives various machines in the industry, it becomes essential to change the speed
of the motor. Sometimes speed is also required to be kept constant. Speed control can be achieved by
varying the applied voltage or flux of the motor.
FACTORS CONTROLLING THE MOTOR SPEED: -
It has been shown earlier that the speed of a motor is given by the relation

[]

Where Ra = armature circuit resistance
It is obvious that speed can be controlled by varying
1. Flux/pole
2. Resistance Ra of armature circuit( Rheostat control ) and
3. Applied voltage V (voltage control) these methods as applied to shunt, compound and series
motor


.

a) FLUX CONTROL METHOD: -

It is seen from above that N 1/, by decreasing the flux, the speed can be increased and vice versa.
Hence, the name is flux or field control method. The flux of a dc motor can be changed by changing Ish
with help of shunt field rheostat. Since Ish is relatively small, shunt field rheostat is of small current,
which means I
2
R loss is small, so that rheostat is small in size. This method is very efficient. This method
is used when speeds above the no-load speed are required.
b) ARMATURE OR RHEOSTATIC CONTOROL METHOD: -


This method is used when speeds below the no load speed are required. As the supply voltage is
normally constant, the voltage across the armature is varied by inserting a variable rheostat or resistance
(called controlled resistance) in series with the armature circuit as shown in figure. As controller
resistance is increased, p.d. across the armature id decreased; thereby decreasing the armature speed. For
a load constant torque, speed is approximately proportional to the p.d. across the armature. From the
speed/armature current characteristic, it is seen that greater the resistance in the armature circuit, greater is
the fall in the speed.

PROCEDURE: -
a) FLUX CONTROL METHOD: -


1. Connect the ckt as shown in the ckt diagram.
2. After getting it checked switch on the supply.
3. Run the motor at its rated speed by keeping rated voltage & adjusting the field current.
4. Keep applied voltage constant & change the field current i.e. reduces the value of flux by
increasing the resistance and takes the reading of speed.
5. Note down the reading in observation table.
6. Plot the graph of field current v/s speed.

b) ARMATURE OR RHEOSTATIC CONTROL METHOD: -

1. Connect the ckt as shown in ckt diagram.
2. After getting it checked switch on the supply.
3. Run the motor at its rated speed by keeping rated voltage & adjusting the field current.
4. Keep field current constant & change the armature voltage i.e. reduces the value of
armature voltage by increasing the resistance and take the readings of speed.
5. Note down the reading in observation table.
6. Plot the graph of armature voltage v/s speed.



CONCLUSION: -



QUESTIONS: -

1. State the method of speed control of D.C. motor.
2. Explain the meaning of the term used in equation.
[]

3. If only armature voltage applied to the motor is changed, what type of speed variation will be
available?
4. If the field current of the d.c. shunt motor becomes zero, what will happen to motor?
5. Discuss the merits and demerits of both the method of speed control.
6. What will happen if the field circuit gets opened during the experiment?
7. How do u change the direction of rotation of D.C. shunt motor?


OBSERVATION TABLE :( PERFORM SPEED CONTROL OF D.C. SHUNT MOTOR)

[1] Field Control Method:
Constant Armature Voltage:________Volt

Sr. No. Field Current (I
GF
) Amp Speed (N) in rpm














[2] Armature Control Method: -
Constant Field Current: __________Amp

Sr. No. Field Current (I
GF
) Amp Speed (N) in rpm