Chapter # 3 Rest & Motion : Kinematics

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SOLVED EXAMPLES
1. An old person moves on a semicircular track of radius 40.0 mduring a morning walk. If he starts at one end
of the track and reaches at the other end, find the distance covered and the displacement of the person.
Sol. The distance covered by the person equals the length of the track . It is equal to t R = t 40.0 m = 126 m.
The displacement is equal to the diameter of the semi-circular track joining the two ends. It is
2R = 2 40.0 m = 80.0 m. The direaction of this displacement is from the initial point to the final point.
2. The distance travelled by a particle in time t is given by s = (2.5 m/s
2
)t
2
. Find
(a) The average speed of the particle during the time 0 to 5.0 s and
(b) The instantaneous speed at t = 5.0 s.
Sol. (a)The distance travelled during time 0 to 5.0 s is
s = (2.5 m/s
2
) ( 5.0 s)
2
= 62.5 m
The average speed during this time is
v
av
=
s 5
m 5 62.
= 12.5 m/s
(b) s = (2.5 m/s
2
)t
2
or
dt
ds
= (2.5 m/s
2
) (2t) = (5.0 m/s
2
) t.
At t = 5.0 s the speed is
v =
dt
ds
= (5.0 m/s
2
) (5.0 s ) = 25 m/s
3. Figure shows the speed versus time graph for a particle . Find the distance travelled by the particle during the
time t = 0 to t = 3s
Sol. The distance travelled by the particle in the time 0 to 3 s is equal to the area shaded in the figure. This is a
right angled triangle with height = 6 m/s and the base = 3s. The area is
2
1
(base) (height)=
2
1
(3s) (6 m/s)
= 9m. Thus , the particle covered a diatance of 9 m during the time 0 to 3s.
4. A table clock has its minute hand 4.0 cm long. Find the average velocity of the tip of the minute hand (a)
between 6.00 a.m. to 6.30 a.m. and (b) between 6.00 a.m. to 6.30 p.m.
Sol. At 6.00 a.m. the tip of the minute hand is at 12 marks and at 6.30 a.m. or 6.30 p.m. it is 180 away.Thus , the
straight line distance between the initial and final positions of a tip is equal to the diameter of the clock.
Displacement = 2R = 2 4.0 cm = 8.0 cm.
The dispalcement is from the 12 mark to the 6 mark on the clock panel. This is also the direction of the
average velocity in both cases.
(a) The time taken from 6.00 a.m. to 6.30 a.m. is 30 minutes = 1800 s. The average velocity is
v
av
=
time
nt Displaceme
=
s 1800
cm 0 8.
= 4.4 10
3
cm/s
(b) The time taken from 6.00 a.m. to 6.30 p.m. is 12 hours and 30 minutes = 45000 s. The average
velocity is
v
av
=
time
nt Displaceme
=
s 45000
cm 0 8.
= 1.8 10
4
cm/s
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5. A particle starts with an initial velocity 2.5 m/s along the positive x direction and it accelerates uniformly at
the rate 0.50 m/s
2
.(a) Find the distance travelled by it in the first two seconds. (b) How much time does it
take to reach the velocity 7.5 m/s ? (c) How much distance will it cover in reaching the velocity 7.5 m/s ?
Sol. (a) We have ,
x = ut +
2
1
at
2
= (2.5 m/s)(2s) +
2
1
(0.50 m/s
2
)(2s)
2
= 5.0 m + 1.0 m = 6.0 m
Since the particle does not turn back it is also the distance travelled.
(b) We have ,
v = u + at
or, 7.5 m/s = 2.5 m/s + (0.50 m/s
2
)t
or, t =
2
s m 50 0
s m 5 2 s m 5 7
/ .
/ . / .
= 10s
(c) We have,
or, v
2
= u
2
+ 2ax
or, (7.5 m/s)
2
= (2.5 m/s)
2
+ 2(0.50 m/s
2
)x
or, x =
2
2 2
s m 50 0 2
s m 5 2 s m 5 7
/ .
) / . ( ) / . (

= 50 m.
6. A particle having initial velocity u moves with a constant acceleration a for a time t.(a) Find the displacement
of the particle in the last 1 second.(b) Evaluate it for u = 5 m/s , a= 2m/s
2
and t = 10 s.
Sol. (a) The position at time t is
s = ut +
2
1
at
2
The position at time (t 1s) is
s = u(t 1s) +
2
1
a(t1s)
2
= ut u(1s) +
2
1
at
2
at(1s) +
2
1
a(1s
2
)
Thus , the displacement in the last 1 s is
st = s s
= u(1s) + at(1s)
2
1
a(1s)
2
or, s
t
= u(1s) +
2
a
(2t 1s) (1s) .................(i)
(b) Putting the given values in (i)
s
t
=
|
.
|

\
|
s
m
5
(1s) +
2
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
2
s
m
2
(2 10s 1s)(1 s)
= 5m +
|
.
|

\
|
2
s
m
1
(19 s) (1s)
= 5m + 19m = 24m.
7. Aball is thrown up at a speed of 4.0 m/s. Find the maximum height reached by the ball. Take g= 10 m/s
2
.
Sol. Let us take vertically upward direction as the positive Yaxis . We have u = 4.0 m/s and a = 10 m/s
2
.At the
highest point the velocity becomes zero. Using the formula
v
2
= u
2
+ 2ay,
0 = (4.0 m/s)
2
+ 2(10 m/s
2
)y
Chapter # 3 Rest & Motion : Kinematics
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or, y =
2
2 2
s m 20
s m 16
/
/
= 0.80 m.
8. A particle moves in the XYplane with a constant acceleration of 1.5 m/s
2
in the diretion making an angle of
37 with the Xaxis . At t = 0 the particle is at the origin and its velocity is 8.0 m/s along the Xaxis . Find the
velocity and the position of the particles at t = 4.0 s.
Sol. a
x
= (1.5 m/s
2
)(cos37)
= (1.5 m/s
2
)
5
4
= 1.2 m/s
2
and a
y
= (1.5 m/s
2
)(sin37)
= (1.5 m/s
2
)
5
3
= 0.90 m/s
2
The initial velocity has components
u
x
= 8.0 m/s
and u
y
= 0
At t = 0 , x = 0 and y = 0
The x-component of the velocity at time t = 4.0 s is given by
u
x
= u
x
+ a
x
t
= 8.0 m/s + (1.2 m/s
2
) (4.0 s)
= 8.0 m/s + 4.8 m/s = 12.8 m/s
The y-component of the velocity at time t = 4.0 s is given by
u
y
= u
y
+ a
y
t
= 0 + (0.90 m/s
2
) (4.0 s) = 3.6 m/s
The velocity of the particle at t = 4.0 s is
v = y u x u
2 2
+ =
2 2
s m 6 3 s m 8 12 ) / . ( ) / . ( + = 13.3 m/s
The velocity makes an angle u with the Xaxis where
tanu =
x
y
u
u
=
s m 8 12
s m 6 3
/ .
/ .
=
32
9
The x-coordinate at t = 4.0 s is
x = u
x
t +
2
1
a
x
t
2
= (8.0 m/s)(4.0 s) +
2
1
(1.2 m/s
2
)(4.0 s)
2
= 32 m + 9.6 m = 41.6 m
The y-coordinate at t = 4.0 is
y = u
y
t +
2
1
a
y
t
2
=
2
1
(0.90 m/s
2
)(4.0 s)
2
= 7.2 m
= Thus , the particle is at (41.6m , 7.2 m) at 4.0 s.
9. Aball is thrown from a field with a speed of 12.0 m/s at an angle of 45 with the horizontal. At what distance
will hit the field again ? Take g = 10.0 m/s
2
Sol. The horizontal range =
g
2 u
2
u sin
=
2
2
s m 10
45 2 s m 12
/
) sin( ) / (
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=
2
2 2
s m 0 10
s m 144
/ .
/
= 14.4 m.
Thus , the ball hits the field at 14.4 m from the point of projection.
10. A swimmer can swim in still water at a rate 4.0 km/h .If he swims in a river flowing at 3.0 km/h and keeps his
direction (with respect to water) perpendicular to the current, find his velocity with respect to the ground.
Sol. The velocity of the swimmer with respect to water is
R S
v
,

= 4.0 km/h in the direction perpendicular to the

river. The velocity of river with respect to the ground
G R
v
,

= 3 km/h along the length of the river. The velocity

of the swimmer with respect to the ground is
G S
v
,

where
G S
v
,

=
R S
v
,

+
G R
v
,

Figure shows the velocities. It is clear that ,

G S
v
,

=
2 2
h km 0 3 h km 0 4 ) / . ( ) / . ( + = 5.0 km/ h
The angle u made with the direction of flow is
tan
u
=
h km 0 3
h km 0 4
/ .
/ .
=
3
4
11. A man is walking on a level road at a speed of 3.0 km/h. Raindrops fall vertically with a speed of 4.0 km/ h.
Find the velocity of the raindrop with respect to the man.
Sol. We have to find the velocity of raindrops with respect to the man. The velocity of the rain as well as the
velocity of the man are given with respect to the street. We have
man rain
v
,

=
street rain
v
,

street man
v
,

Figure shows the velocities.

Figure 3.13
It is clear from the figure that
man rain
v
,

=
2 2
h km 0 3 h km 0 4 ) / . ( ) / . ( + = 5.0 km/ h
QUESTIONS FOR SHORT ANSWER
1. Galileo was punished by the Church for teaching that the sun is stationary and the earth moves around it. His
opponents held the viewthat the earth is stationary and the sun moves around it. If the absoulte motion has
no meaning are the two viewpoints not equally correct or equally wrong?
2. When a particle moves with constant velocity, its average velocity, its instantaneous velocity and its speed
are all equal. Comment on this statement.
Chapter # 3 Rest & Motion : Kinematics
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3. Acar travels at a speed of 60 km/h due north and the other a speed of 60 km/h due east .Are the velocities
equal ? If no, which one is greater ? If you find any of the questions irrelevent, explain.
4. A ball is thrown vertically upward with a speed of 20 m/s. Drawa graph showing the velocity of the ball as a
function of time as it goes up and then comes back.
5. The velocity of a particle is towards west at an instant . Its accleration is not towards west, not towards east,
not towards east , not towards north and not towards south. Give an example of this type of motion.
6. At which point on its path a projectile has the smallest speed?
7. Two particles A and B start from rest and moves for equal time on a stright line. The particle A has an
acclereation a for the first half of the total time and 2a for the second half. The particle B has an acceleration
2a for the first half and a for the second half. Which particle has covered larger distance?
8. If a particle is accelerating , it is either speeding up or speeding down. Do you agree with this statement?
9. A flood packet is dropped from a plane going at an altitude of 100m. What is the path of the packet as seen
from the plane? What is the path as seen from the ground? If someone asks what is the actual path, what
will you answer?
10. Give examples where (a) the velocity of a particle is zero but its accleration. But its acceleration is not zero
(c) the velocity is opposite in direction to the acceleration.
11. Figure shows the x coordianate of a particle as a function of time . Find the signs of v
x
and a
x
at t = t
1
, t =t
2
and
t = t
3
.
12. A player hits a baseball at some angle. The ball goes high up in space. The player runs and the catches the
ball before it hits the ground. Which of the two(the player or the ball) has greter displacement ?
13. The increase in the speed of a car is proportional to the additional petrol put into the engine. Is it possible to
accelerate a car without putting more petrol or less petrol into the engin?
14. Rain is falling vertically. Aman running on the road keeps his umbrella tilted but a man standing on the street
keep his umbrella vertical to protect himself fromthe rain but both of them keep the umbrella vertical to avoid
sun-rays. Explain.
Objective - I
1. At motor car is going due north at a speed of 50 km/h. It makes a 90o left turn without changing the
speed. The change in the velocity of the car is about
(A) 50 km/h towards west (B*) 70 km/h towards south-west
(C) 70 km/h towards north-west (D) zero
) -i- i -i i i 50 l-i./i-i i i i ri r| r i i l(lnn in r) +i i i ci ii i -
ini r | i ( ^ - l(n r
(A) 50 l-ic/i -i, li- i i ( B*) 70 l -i 0/ i i < l - i i l z - n + i ~ i
( C) 70 l + n i c / i i . - - l z - n + i ~ i ( D) z i -
2. Fig. shows the displacement time graph of a particle moving on the X-axis.
(A) the particle is continuously going in positive x direction
(B) the particle is at rest
(C) the velocity increases up to a time t
o
, and then becomes constant.
(D*) the particle moves at a constant velocity up to a time t
o
, and then stops.
Chapter # 3 Rest & Motion : Kinematics
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X-~-i + ~- l<zi nl-ziin +i +i l-ii-=n niil-zi. l-zi n <lzi- t
(A) +i l--- i-in+ x l<zii n nl-ziin t
(B) +i lini-ii n t
(C) =n t
o
-+ n c -i t -z-i- l-- ti i-i t
(D*) +i =n t
o
-+ l-- n = nl-ziin t-i t . -z-i- lini-ii n ~i i-i t
3. A particle has a velocity u towards east at t = 0. Its acceleration is towards west and is constant, Let
x
A
and x
B
be the magnitude of displacements in the first 10 seconds and the next 10 seconds.
(A) x
A
< x
B
(B) x
A
= x
B
(C) x
A
> x
B
(D*) the information is insufficient to decide the relation of x
A
with x
B
.
=n t = 0 +i +i n +i ~i u t :=+i i l-- ( lz-n +i ~i t ni-il+ in 10 =+
-ii -== ~nn 10 = + n l-ii- + lnii +nzi x
A
-ii x
B
t
(A) x
A
< x
B
(B) x
A
= x
B
(C) x
A
> x
B
(D*) x
A
-ii x
B
n = i l-lz-- +- + ln( =--i ~i -- t
4. A person travelling on a straight line moves with a uniform velocity u
1
for some time and with uniform
velocity u
2
for the next equal time. The average velocity u is given by
(A*) u
u u
=
+
1 2
2
(B) u =
2 1
u u (C)
2 1 1
2 2
u u u
= +
(D)
1 1 1
2 2
u u u
= +
(+ l+- (+ =n ii + ~-l<zi +z =n + ln( (+=ni- n u
1
= nl- +-i t. -z-i- --- ti =n
+ ln( (+=ni- n u
2
= nl- +-i t ~i=- n u +i ni- t
(A*) u
u u
=
+
1 2
2
(B) u =
2 1
u u (C)
2 1 1
2 2
u u u
= +
(D)
1 1 1
2 2
u u u
= +
5. A person travelling on a straight line moves with a uniform velocity u
1
for a distance x and with a uniform
velocity u
2
for the next equal distance. The average velocity u is given by
(A) u
u u
=
+
1 2
2
(B) u =
2 1
u u (C*)
2 2
1 1 2
u
+
u
=
u
(D)
2 2
1 1 1
u
+
u
=
u
(+ l+- (+ =n ii + ~-l<zi x <i -+ (+ =ni- n u
1
= nl- +-i t -ii -== ~in =ni- <i l--
n u
2
= - +-i t ~i=- n u +i ni- t
(A) u
u u
=
+
1 2
2
(B) u =
2 1
u u (C*)
2 2
1 1 2
u
+
u
=
u
(D)
2 2
1 1 1
u
+
u
=
u
6. A stone is released from an elevator going up with an acceleration a. The acceleration of the stone after
the release is
(A) a upward (B) (g-a) upward (C) (g-a) downward (D*) g downward
- +i ~i a i = nl-ziin ln+ = (+ i zi i i-i t n +- +- + z-i- i +i i t
(A) a - +i ~i (B) (g-a) - +i ~i (C) (g-a) -i- +i ~i (D*) g -i- +i ~i
7. A person standing neat the edge of the top of a building throws two balls A and B. The ball A is thrown
vertically downward with the same speed. The ball Ahits the ground with a speed u
A
and the ball B hits
the ground with a speed u
B
. We have :
(+ i- + - l+-i ii l+- <i n< A( B ++-i t n< A-ii - +i ~i -ii n< B -i
i -i- +i ~i =ni- -in = ++i ni t n< Ani- = u
A
-in = +i-i t -ii n< B ni- = u
B
-in =
+i-i t tn +t =+- t l+
(A) u
A
> u
B
(B) u
A
< u
B
(*C) u
A
= u
B
(D) the relation between Aand B depends on height of the building above the ground.
v
A
-ii v
B
n = i i- +i ni- = - -i: l-i +-i t
Chapter # 3 Rest & Motion : Kinematics
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8. In a projectile motion the velocity v - i i n l - n n H C V _ C h -
3_Obj.I_8
(A) is always perpendicular to the acceleration
tnzii i + n-- ti-i t
(B) is never perpendicular to the acceleration
+ii ii i + n-- -ti ti =+-i
(C*) is perpendicular to the acceleration for one instant only
(+ -ii + ln( i + n-- ti-i t
(D) is perpendicular to the acceleration for two instants.
<i i i + n-- ti-i t
9. Two bullets are fired simultaneously, horizontally and with different speed from the same place. Which
bullet will hit the ground first?
(A) the faster one (B) the slower one
(C*) both will reach simultaneously (D) depend on the masses.
-il- l<zii n (+ ti -ii- = (+ =ii <i nilni li--li-- -ini = <ini ni t +i-=i nini ni- tn
t - ni
(A) - nl-ini (B) iini nl- ini
(C*) <i -i (+ =ii ti t -ni (D) --+ < ni-i l-i + ni
10. The range of a projectile fired at an angle of 15
o
is 50 m. If it is fired with the same speed at an angle of
45
o
, its range will be
(A) 25 m (B) 37 m (C) 50 m (D*) 100 m
15
o
+ii -il- -i- +i i= 50 ni. t l< :=+i =ni- -in = 45
o
+ii -il- l+i i. -i :=+i
i= ti ni
(A) 25 ni. (B) 37 ni. (C) 50 ni. (D*) 100 ni.
11. Two projectiles A and B are projected with angle of projection 15
o
for the projectile A and 45
o
for the
projection B. If R
A
and R
B
be the horizontal range for the two projectiles, then
(A) R
A
< R
B
(B) R
A
= R
B
(C) R
A
> R
B
(D*) the information is insufficient to decide the relation of R
A
with R
B
.
-i - A, 15
o
+i i -ii -i - B, 45
o
+i i -i l- l+ n t l< R
A
-ii R
B
:- <i -i +i -i l- i=
t . -i
(A) R
A
< R
B
(B) R
A
= R
B
(C) R
A
> R
B
(D*) R
A
-ii R
B
+ n = i =l-lz-- +- + ln = --i ~i -- t
12. A river is flowing from west to east at a speed of 5 metres per minute. A man on the south bank of the
river, capable of swimming at 10 metres per minute in still water, wants to swim across the river in the
shortest time. He should swim in a direction.
(A*) due north (B) 30
o
east of north (C) 30
o
north of west (D) 60
o
east of north
(+ -<i lz-n = +i ~i 5 ni.lnl- +i -in = t ti t -<i + <l-iii l+-i l-i- (+ l+- i
l-i i-i n 10 nilnl- +i -in = - =+-i t. ---n =n n -<i i +-i -it-i t -=+i l--- l<zii
n - -i -ilt
(A*) --i +i ~i (B) 30
o
--i = +i ~i
(C) 30
o
--i = lz-n +i ~i (D) 60
o
= --i +i ~i
13. In the arrangement shown in fig. the ends P and Q of an inextensible string move downwards with
uniform speed u. Pulleys A and B are fixed. The mass M moves upwards with a speed
l-zi n <lzi- -ii n. (+ ~-- ii + l= P -ii Q (+ =ni- -in = -i- +i ~i nl-ziin t li-i A
-ii B +i l-il- l-- t < ni- M +i. - +i ~i -in t
Chapter # 3 Rest & Motion : Kinematics
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(A) 2u cosu (B*) u/cosu (C) 2u/cosu (D) ucosu
OBJECTIVE - II
1. Consider the motion of the trip of the minute hand of a clock. In one hour
(A*) the displacement is zero (B) the distance covered is zero
(C) the average speed is zero (D*) the average velocity is zero
i i +i ln- ini =: +i -i + +i nl- l-i +l (+ i n
(A*) l-ii- zi- t (B) - +i n: < i zi- t
(C) ~i=- -in zi- t (D*) ~i=- n zi- t
2. A particle moves along the X-axis as
x = ut(t2s) + a(t2s)
2
(A) the initial velocity of the particle is u (B) the acceleration of the particle is a
(C) the acceleration of the particle is 2a (D*) at t =2s particle is at the origin.
[HCV_Ch_3-obj-II_2]
X-~-i +i ~i nl-ziin (+ +i + ln
x = ut(t2s) + a(t2s)
2
(A) +i +i ~il-i+ n u t (B) +i +i i a t
(C) +i +i i 2a t (D*) =n t = 0 = . +i n n l-< t
[HCV_Ch_3-obj-II_2]
Sol. at t = 2 second
x = 0 i.e. particle is at origin.
3. Pick the correct statements: =ti +i- +i -- +i
(A) Average speed of a particle in a given time is never less than the magnitude of the average velocity.
l+=i =n ~--in n +i +i ~i =- -in. ~i =- n + lnii = +n -ti ti -i t
(B) It is possible to have a situation in which 0
dt
d
=
u

but 0
dt
d
= u

.
l+=i l-il- n t =-i t l+ 0
dt
d
=
u

-- 0
dt
d
= u

.
(C) The average velocity of a particle is zero in a time interval. It is possible that the instantaneous
velocity is never zero in the interval.
l+=i =n ~--in n (+ +i +i ~i =- n zi - t -i t =-i t l+ -i-ili+ n =n ~--in n +ii
zi - -ti ti
(D) The average velocity of a particle moving on a straight line is zero in a time interval. It is possible that
the instantaneous velocity is never zero in the interval. (Infinite acceleration are not allowed)
(+ =n ii n nl- + t +i +i l+=i =n ~--in n n zi - t -i t =-i t l+ -i-ili+ n :=
=n ~--in n zi- - ti (~--- i +i ~-nl- -ti t )
Sol. (A), (B), (C)
4. An object may have
(A) varying speed without having varying velocity
(B*) varying velocity without having varying speed
(C) nonzero acceleration without having varying velocity
(D*) nonzero acceleration without having varying speed.
(+ -- + ln =-i t
(A) l- -ziin n + l-i l- -ziin -in
(B*) l--ziin -in + l-i l--ziin n
(C) l--ziin n + l-i ~zi- i
(D*) l--ziin -in + l-i. ~zi- i
5. Mark the correct statements for a particle going on a straight line:
(+ =n ii n nl- + t +i + ln( =ti +i- +i -- +il(
(A) If the velocity and acceleration have opposite sign, the object is slowing down.
l< n i +i l--t ll- ti -i -- n l<- ti ti t
Chapter # 3 Rest & Motion : Kinematics
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manishkumarphysics.in
(B) If the position and velocity have opposite sign, the particle is moving towards the origin.
l< l-il- n +i l--t li- ti -i +i n n l-< +i ~i nl- + ti t
(C) If the velocity is zero at an instant, the acceleration should also be zero at that instant.
l< l+=i -ii n zi - ti -i -= -ii i ii zi - ti -i -ilt(
(D) If the velocity is zero for a time interval, the acceleration is zero at any instant within the time interval.
l< l+=i =n ~--in n n zi - ti := =n ~--in n i zi - ti ni
Sol. (A), (B), (D)
During retardation, acceleration opposes velocity. n <- + <ii-. i n +i vl-ii +-i t
Velocity implies the direction of motion of a body. n -- +i nl- +i l<zii <zii -i t
6. The velocity of a particle is zero at t = 0
(A) The acceleration at t = 0 must be zero
(B*) The acceleration at t = 0 may be zero.
(C*) If the acceleration is zero from t = 0 to t = 10 s, the speed is also zero in this interval.
(D*) If the speed is zero from t = 0 to t = 10 s the acceleration is also in the interval.
t = 0 +i +i n zi - t
(A) t = 0 i l-lz-- = zi - ti ni
(B*) t = 0 i zi - ti =+-i t
(C*) t = 0 = t = 10 = . + n i zi- t . := =ni-- n -in ii zi - ti ni
(D*) l< t = 0 = t = 10 = . + n -in zi - t -i := =ni-- n i ii zi - ti ni
7. Mark the correct statements:
(A*) The magnitude of the velocity of a particle is equal to its speed.
(B) The magnitude of average velocity in an interval is equal to its average speed in that interval.
(C) It is possible to have a situation in which the speed of a particle is always zero but the average
speed is not zero
(D) It is possible to have a situation in which the speed of the particle is never zero but the average
speed in an interval is zero.
=ti +i-i +i -- +il
(A*) l+=i +i + n +i lnii -=+i -in + i t
(B) l+=i =ni -in n ~i =- n +i lnii. -= =ni - n ~i =- -in + i t
(C) (+ (=i ll-il- =-i t l+ l+=i +i +i -in =< zi- ti l+-- ~i=- -in zi- -ti ti
(D) (+ (=i ll-il- =-i t l+ l+=i +i +i -in +ii ii zi- -ti ti. l+-- l+=i =ni- n ~i=- -in
zi- ti
8. The velocity-time plot for a particle moving on a straight line is shown in fig.
(+ =n ii n nl-ziin +i +i n=n ni + <zii -i t
(A) The particle has constant acceleration
+i +i i l-- t
(B) The particle has never turned around.
+i +ii ii -ti n -i
(C) The particle has zero displacement
+i +i l-ii- zi - t
(D) The average speed in the interval 0 to 10s is the same as the average speed in the interval 10s to 20s.
0 = 10s n ~i=- -in n -ii 10s = 20s n ~i=- -in +i ni- =ni- t
Sol. (A), (D)
Slope of given v-t graph (i.e. acceleration) is constant.
From0 to 10 seconds, velocity is in positive and then negative. That means the particle trans around
at t = 10 sec.
The positive and negative areas are not equal, So displacement is not zero.
Area of v-t graph from t = 0 to t = 10 sec is same as that from t = 10 to 20 sec.
Hence average speed is same.
gy (A), (D)
l<( n( v-t ni+ +i cin (i.e. i) l-- t
0 = 10 =+ -+ n i-in+ t -z-i- n +iin+ t :=+i -i t l+ +i trans around at t =
Chapter # 3 Rest & Motion : Kinematics
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10 sec
+ i i n+ + i i n+ - i zi +n =ni - - t i t ~- l - i i - z i - - t i
t
v-t n i+ +i t = 0 = t = 10 sec -+ t = 10 = 20 sec. -+ -i zi+n =n- t ~-
~i =- -i n =ni - t
~- ~i =- -i n =ni - t
9. Fig. shows the position of a particle moving on X-axis as funcation of time.
l-zi n X-~-i + ~-l<zi nl-ziin +i +i l-il-. =n + +n- + n +- +i n: t
(A*) The particle has come to rest 6 times
+i 6 i lini-ii n ~i-i t
(B) The maximum speed is at t = 6 s
t = 6 = . ~li+-n -in t
(C) The velocity remains positive for t = 0 to t = 6 s
t = 0 = t = 6 = + + n n i-in+ t-i t
(D) The average velocity for the total period shows is negative.
<lzi - =- i =ni - n ~i =- n +iin+ t
10. The accelerations of a particle as seen from two frames S
1
and S
2
have equal magnitude 4 m/s
2
.
(A) The frames must be at the rest with respect to each other.
(B) The frames may be moving with respect to each other but neither should be accelerated with
respect to the other.
(C) The acceleration of S
2
with respect to S
1
may either be zero or 8 m/s
2
.
(D*) The acceleration of S
2
with respect to S
1
may be anything between zero and 8 m/s
2
.
[HCV_Ch_3-obj-II_10]
<i l-< zi - zii S
1
-ii S
2
= l+=i +i + i +i l-i- ni- (+ =ni- 4 ni./=
2
t
(A) l-< zi -zi l-lz-- = (+ <= + =i -i l-i t
(B) l-<zi -zi (+ <= + =i-i nl-ziin ti =+- t. l+-- +i: ii <= + =i -i l- -ti ti =+-i t
(C) S
1
+ =i-i S
2
+i i zi- ~ii 8 ni./=
2
ti =+-i t
(D*) S
1
+ =i-i S
2
+i i zi- -ii 8 ni/=.
2
+ n +z ii ti =+-i t
Sol.
1 2
s s
a

=
p s
2
a

+
1
ps
a

1 2
s s
a

=
u + + cos . 4 . 4 . 2 4 4
2 2
Hence
1 2
s s
a
may lie between 0 & 8 depending upon value of u.
WORKED OUT EXAMPLES
1. A man walks at a speed of 6 km/h for 1 km and 8 km/h for the next 1 km. What is his average speed for the
walk of 2 km ?
Sol. Distance travelled is 2 km.
Time taken =
hr km 6
km 1
/
+
hr km 8
km 1
/
=
|
.
|

\
|
+
8
1
6
1
h =
24
7
h.
Average speed =
hr 7
24 km 2
=
7
48
km/h
~ 7 km/h.
Chapter # 3 Rest & Motion : Kinematics
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manishkumarphysics.in
2. The I.Sc. lecture theatre of a college is 40 ft wide and has a door at a corner. Ateacher eneters at 12.00 noon
through the door and makes 10 rounds along the 40 ft wall back and forth during the period and finally leaves
the classroom at 12.50 p.m. through the same door. Compute his average speed and average velocity.
Sol. Total distance travelled in 50 minutes = 800 ft.
Average speed =
50
800
ft/min = 16 ft/min
At 12.00 noon he is at the door and at 12.50 pm he is again at the same door.
The displacement during the 50 min interval is zero.
Average velocity = zero.
3. The position of a particle moving on X-axis is given by
x = At
3
+ Bt
2
+ Ct + D
The numerical values of A , B , C, D are 1, 4, 2 and 5 respectively and SI units are used. Find (a) the
dimensions of A, B, C and D, (b) the velocity of the particle at t = 4s, (c) the acceleration of the particle at t
= 4s , (d) the average velocity during the interval t = 0 to t = 4s, (e) the average acceleration during the interval
t = 0 to t = 4s.
Sol. (a) Dimensions of x, AT
3
, Bt
2
, Ct and D must be identical and in this case each is length. Thus,
[At
3
] = L, or, [A] = LT
3
[Bt
2
] = L or, [B] = LT
2
[Ct] = L or, [C] = LT
1
and [D] = L.
(b) x = At
3
+ Bt
2
+ Ct + D
or, v =
dt
dx
= 3At
2
+ 2Bt + C
Thus , at t = 4s , the velocity
= 3(1 m/s
3
) (16 s
2
) + 2(4 m/s
2
) (4s) + (2 m/s)
= (48 + 32 2) m/s = 78 m/s
(c) v = 3At
2
+ 2Bt + C
or, v =
dt
dv
= 6At + 2B.
At t = 4s u = 6(1 m/s
3
)(4s) + 2(4 m/s
2
) = 32 m/s
2
(d) x = At
3
+ Bt
2
+ Ct + D
Position at t = 0 is x = D = 5 m.
Position at t = 4s is
(1 m/s
3
)(64 s
3
) + (4 m/s
2
)(16 m/s
2
)(16 s
2
) (2 m/s)(4s) + 5m
= (64 + 64 8 + 5)m = 125 m.
Thus , the displacement during 0 to 4s is
125m 5m = 120m
Average velocity =
s 4
m 120
= 30 m/s
(e) v = 3At
2
+ 2Bt + C
Velocity at t = 0 is C = 2 m/s.
Velocity at t = 4s is = 78 m/s.
Average acclearation =
1 2
1 2
t t
v v

= 20 m/s
2
.
4. From the velocity-time graph of a particle is given in figure, describe the motion of the particle qualitatively in
the interval 0 to 4s. Find (a) the distance travelled during first two seconds, (b) during the time 2s to 4s, (c)
during the time 0 to 4s, (d) displacement during 0 to 4s, (e) (acceleration at t =
2
1
sec).
Chapter # 3 Rest & Motion : Kinematics
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Sol. At t = 0, the particle is at rest, say at the origin. After that the velocity is positive , so that the particle moves
in the positive x direction. Its speed increses till 1 second when it starts decreasing. The particle continues
to move further in positive x direction. At t= 2s , its velocity is reduced to zero, it has moved throught a
maximum positive x distance . Then it changes its direction, velocity being negative , but increasing in
magnitude. At t =3s velocity is maximumin the negative x direction and then the magnitude starts decreasing.
It comes to rest at t= 4s.
(a) Distance during 0 to 2s = Area of OAB
=
2
1
2s 10 m/s = 10 m.
(b) Distance during 2 to 4s =Area of BCD = 10m. The particle has moved in negative x direction during this
period.
(c) The diatance travelled during 0 to 4s = 10m + 10m = 20m.
(d) displacement during 0 to 4s = 10m + (10m) = 0
(e) at t =1/2s acceleration = slope of line OA = 10 m/s
2
(f ) at t = 2s acceleration = slope od line ABC = 10 m/s
2
.
5. Aparticle starts from rest with a constant acceleration. At a time t second, the speed is found to be 100 m/
s and one second later the speed becomes 150 m/s. Find (a) the acceleration and (b) the distance treavelled
during the (t +1)
th
second. HCV_Ch-3_WOE_5
(+ +i lin = zi ti + l-- i = nl- +-i t =n t = + . :=+i -in 100 m/s -ii (+ = + i<
-in 150 m/s ti i-i t. -i: (a) i ~i (b) (t +1)
th
=+ n - +i n: <i
Sol. (a) Velocity at time t is
100 m/s = a.(t second)......................(1)
and velocity at time (t +1) second is
150 m/s = a.( t + 1) second...............(2)
Subtracting (1) from (2) a = 50 m/s
2
.........(3)
(b) Consider the interval t second to (t + 1) second,
time elapsed = 1s
intial velocity = 100 m/s
final velocity = 150 m/s.
Thus , (150 m/s)
2
= (100 m/s
2
) + 2(50 m/s
2
) x
or, x = 125 m.
6. Aboy streches a stone against the rubber tape of a catapult or gulel (a device used to detach mangoes from
the tree by boys in Indian villages) through a distance of 24 cm before leaving it. The tape returns to its
normal position acclerating the stone over the stretched length. The stone leaves the gulel with a speed 2.2
m/s. Assuming that the acceleration is constant while the stone was being pushed by the tape, find its
magnitude.
Sol. Consider the accelerated 24 cm motion of the stone.
Initial velocity = 0
Final velocity = 2.2 m/s
Distance travelled = 24 cm = 0.24 m
Using v
2
= u
2
+ 2ax
a =
m 24 0 2
s m 84 4
2 2
.
/ .

= 10.1 m/s
2
.
7. A police inspector in a jeep is chasing a pickpocket on a straight road . The jeep is going at its maximum
speed v(assumed uniform). The pickpocket rides on the motercycle of a waiting friend , when the jeep is at
Chapter # 3 Rest & Motion : Kinematics
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a distance d away, and the motercycle starts with a constant acceleration a . Show that the pickpocket will
be caught if v > ad 2
.
Sol. Suppose the pickpocket is caught at a time t after the motercycle starts. The distance travelled by the
motercycle during this interval is
s =
2
1
at
2
.............................................(i)
During this interval the jeep travels a distance
s + d = vt.............................................(ii)
By (i) and (ii),
2
1
at
2
vt + d = 0
or, t =
a
ad 2 v v
2

The pickpocket will be caught if t is real positive This will be possible if
v
2
> 2ad or, v > ad 2
.
8. Acar is moving at a constant speed of 40 km/h along a straight road which hends towards a large verticle wall
and makes a sharp 90 turn by the side of wall. Afly flying at a constant speed of 100 km/h, starts from the
wall towards the car at an instant when the car is 20 km away. flies until it reaches the glasspane of the car
and returns to the wall at the same speed. it continues to fly between the car and the wall till the car makes
the 90 turn.
(a) What is the total distance the fly has travelled during this period ?
(b) How many trips has it made between the car and the wall ?
Sol. (a) The time taken by the car to cover 20 km before the turn is
h km 40
km 20
/
=
2
1
h.The fly moves at a constant
speed of 100 km/h during this time . Hence the total distance covered by it is
100
h
km

2
1
h = 50 km.
(b) Suppose the car is at distance x away (at A) when the fly is at the wall (at O) . The fly hits the
glass plane at B , taking a time t. Then
AB = (40 km/h)t,
and OB = (100 km/h)t,
Thus x = AB + OB
= (140 km/h)t
or t =
h km 140
x
/
, or OB = x
7
5
.
The fly returns to the wall and during this period the car moves the distance BC. The time taken by the fly in
this return path is
|
|
.
|

\
|
h km 100
7 x 5
/
/
=
h km 140
x
/
Thus , BC =
140
x 40
=
7
2
or, OC = OB BC =
7
3
x
Chapter # 3 Rest & Motion : Kinematics
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manishkumarphysics.in
If at the begining of the ground trip (wall to the car and back) the car is at distance x away, it is
7
3
x away
when the next trip again starts .
Distance of the car at the begining of the 1st trip = 20 km.
Distance of the car at the begining of the 2nd trip =
7
3
20 km.
Distance of the car at the begining of the 3rd trip =
2
7
3
|
.
|

\
|
20 km.
Distance of the car at the begining of the 4th trip =
3
7
3
|
.
|

\
|
20 km.
Distance of the car at the begining of the nth trip =
1 n
7
3

|
.
|

\
|
20 km.
Trips will go on till the car reaches the turn that is the distance reduces to zero. This will be the case when
n becomes infinity. Hence the fly makes an infinite number of trips before the car takes the turn.
9. A ball is dropped froma height of 19.6 m above the ground rebounds fromthe ground and raises itself up to
the same height . Take the starting point as the origin and vertically downward as the positive X-axis. Draw
approximate plots of x versus t , v versus t and a versus t. Neglect the small interval during which the ball was
in contact with the ground. (g = 9.8 m/s
2
) HCV_Ch-3_WOE_9
n< +i ni- = 19.6 ni --i: = lnii i-i t ~i t -zn+ -=i --i: -+ i= i-i t il-i+ l-<
+i + -< ni- -ii -i- ini l<zii +i i-in+ ni- -i x -ii t, v -ii t, a -ii t + n + ii l-( -= =n +i -n
nil-( l= <ii- n< ni- + =-+ n t
Sol. Since the accelertaion of the ball during the contact is different from g , we have to treat the downward
motion and the upwards motion separately for the downward motion :
a = g = 9.8 m/s
2
, x = ut +
2
1
at
2
= (4.9 m/s
2
)t
2
.
The ball reaches the ground when x = 19.6m. This gives t = 2s. After that it mives up, x decreases and at t
= 4s, x becomes zero, the ball reaching the initial point.
We have at t = 0 x = 0
t = 1s x = 4.9m
t = 2s x = 19.6m
t = 3s x = 4.9m
t = 4s x = 0
Velocity : During the first two seconds,
1
2 3 4 t (seconds)
10 m
x
20 m
v = u + at = 9.8 (m/s
2
)t
at t = 0 v = 0
at t = 1s, v = 9.8 m/s
at t = 2s, v = 19.6 m/s
During the next two seconds the ball goes upwards , velocity is negative, magnitude decreasing and at t = 4s
, v = 0 . Thus
at t = 2s, v = 19.6 m/s
at t = 3s v = 9.8 m/s
at t =4s v = 0.
Chapter # 3 Rest & Motion : Kinematics
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At t = 2s there is an abrupt change in velocity from 19.6
m/s to 19.6 m/s. Infact this change in velocity takes
places over a small interval during which the ball remains
in contact with the ground.
Acceleration : The acceleration is constant 9.8 m/s
2
throughout the motion (except at t = 2s)
9.8 m/s
2
10 m/s
2
1 2 3 4
t (second)
10. Astone is dropped froma ballon going up with a uniformvelocity of 5.0 m/s. If the ballon was 50 mhigh when
the stone was dropped, find its height when the stone hits the ground .Take g = 10 m/s
2
.
Sol. At t = 0, the stone was going up with a velocity of 5.0 m/s. After that it moved as a freely falling particle with
downward acceleration g. Take vertically upwards as the positive X-axis. If it reaches the ground at time t,
x = 50m u = 5 m/s, a = 10 m/s
2
.
We have x = ut +
2
1
at
2
or, 50m = (5 m/s).t +
2
1
(10 m/s
2
)t
2
or, t =
2
41 1
s
or, t = 2.7s or 3.7s
Negative t has no significance in this problem. The stone reaches the ground at t = 3.7s. During this time the
ballon has moved uniformly up. The distance covered by it is
5 m/s 3.7s = 18.5 m
Hence , the height of the ballon when the stone reaches the ground is 50m + 18.5m = 68.5
11. A football is kicked with a velocity of 20 m/s at an angle of 45 with the horizontal. (a) Find the time taken by
the ball to strike the ground, (b) Find the maximum height it reaches, (c) How far away from the kick does it
hit the ground ? Take g = 10 m/s
2
.
(+ +in +i n 20 m/s = -il- = 45 + +ii l++ ( =) nii i-i t (a) +in +i ni- = +i-
n nn =n +i ni-i +il( (b) ~li+-n --i: ti -+ t +in t--i t (c) ti = tn- := l++ nii
t . -== l+--i < i t i n +i(ni ` g = 10 m/s
2
n
HCV_Ch-3_WOE_11
Sol. (a) Take the origin at the point where the ball is kicked , vertically upward as the Y-axis and the horizontal in
the plane of motion as the X-axis . The intial velocity has the components
u
x
= (20 m/s)cos45 = 10 2 m/s
and u
y
= (20 m/s)sin45 = 10 2 m/s
When the ball reaches the ground , y = 0
Using y = u
y
t
2
1
gt
2
,
0 = (10 2 m/s)t
2
1
(10 m/s
2
) t
2
or, t = 2 2 s = 2.8 s.
Thus , it takes 2.8s for the football to fall on the ground.
(b) At the highest point v
y
= 0. Using the equation v
y
2
= u
y
2
2gy
O =
( )
2
s / m 2 10
2 (10m/s)
2
H
H = 10 m
Thus the maximum height reaches is 10 m.
(c) The horizontal distance travelled before falling to the ground is x = u
x
t
= (10 2 m/s)(2 2 m/s)
= 40 m.
12. A helicopter on flood relief mission, flying horizontally with a speed u at an altitude H, has to drop a food
packet for a victimstanding on the ground. At what distance fromthe victim should be the packet be dropped
? The victim stands in the verticle plane of the helicopters motion.
Sol. The velocity of the food packet at the time of release is u and is horizontal. The vertical velocity at the time of
release is zero.
Chapter # 3 Rest & Motion : Kinematics
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manishkumarphysics.in
Verticle motion : If t be the time taken by the packet to reach the victim , we have for verticle motion,
H =
2
1
gt
2
or, t =
g
H 2
.....................(i)
Horizintal motion : If Dbe the horizontal distance travelled by the packet, we have D = ut. Putting t from (i)
,
D = u
g
H 2
The distance between the victim and the packet at the time of release is
2 2
H D +
=
2
2
H
g
H u 2
+
13. A particle is projected horizontally with a speed u from the top of a plane inclined at an angle u with the
horizontal. How far from the point of projection will the particle strike the plane?
(+ +i +i -il- = u -in = u +ii + ---n + -i l-< = v-il- l+i i-i t t +i v-ii l-<
= l+--i < i -n = +i(ni ` HCV_Ch-3_WOE_13
Sol. Take X,Y-axes as shown in figure. Suppose that the particle strikes the plane at a point P with coordinates
(x,y) . Consider the motion between Aand P.
Motion in x direction :
Initial velocity = u
Acceleration = 0
x = ut......................(i)
Motion in y direction :
Initial velocity = u
Acceleration = g
y =
2
1
gt
2
.......................(ii)
Eliminating t from (i) and (ii)
y =
2
1
g
2
2
u
x
Also y = xtan u
Thus ,
2
2
gu
gx
= xtan u giving x = 0 or,,
g
u 2
2
u tan
Clearly the point P corresponds to x =
g
u 2
2
u tan
then y = xtan u =
g
u 2
2 2
u tan
The distance AP = l =
2 2
y x + =
g
u 2
2
tanu u +
2
1 tan =
g
u 2
2
tanu sec u
Alternatively : Take the axes as shown in figure. Consider the motion between Aand P.
Chapter # 3 Rest & Motion : Kinematics
Page # 17
manishkumarphysics.in
Motion along the X-axis :
Initial velocity = ucos u
Acceleration = gsin u
Displacement = AP
Thus , AP = (ucos u )t +
2
1
(gsin u )t
2
............................(i)
motion along the y-axis initla velocity = u sinu
Acceleration = g cos u
Displacement = 0
Thus , 0 = utsin u +
2
1
gt
2
cos u
or, t = 0 ,
u
u
cos
sin
g
u 2
Clearly , the point P corresponds to t =
u
u
cos
sin
g
u 2
Putting this value of t in (i)
AP = (ucos u ) |
|
.
|

\
|
u
u
cos
sin
g
u 2
+
2
g u sin
2
g
u 2
|
|
.
|

\
|
u
u
cos
sin
=
g
u 2
2
u sin
+
g
u 2
2 2
u utan sin
=
g
u 2
2
sinu sec
2
u =
g
u 2
2
tanu secu
14. Aprojectile is fired with a speed u at an angleu with the horizontal, Find its speed when its direction of motion
makes an angle o with the horizontal.
-i l- = u +i i -i- t ( (+ -- +i u -in = v-i l- l+i i-i t :=+i -in -i:(. :=+i nl- +i l<zii -i l-
= o +i i -i-i t HCV_Ch-3_WOE_14
Sol. Let the speed be v when it makes an angle o with the horizontal. As the horizontal component of velocity
remains constant,
vcos o = ucos u
or, v = ucos u sec o
15. A bullet is fired horizontally aiming at an object which starts falling at the instant the bullet is fired. Showthat
the bullet will hit the object.
Sol. The situation is shown in figure. The object starts falling from the point B. Drawa vertical line BC through B.
Suppose the bullet reaches the line BC at a point D and it takes a time t in doing so.
Consider the vertical motion of the bullet. The initial vertical velocity = 0. The distance travelled vertically = BD
=
2
1
gt
2
. In time t the object also travels a distance =
2
1
gt
2
= BD. Hence at time t, the object will also be
at the same point D. Thus, the bullet hits the object at point D.
16. A man can swim in still water at a speed of 3 km/h. He wants to cross a river that flows at 2 km/h and reach
the point directly opposite to his starting point. (a) In which direction should he try to swim (that is , find the
angle his body makes with the river flow) ? (b) Howmuch time will he take to cross the river if the river is 500
m wide ?
Sol. (a) The situation is shown in figure. The X-axis is chosen along the river flow and the origin at the starting
positionof theman. Thedirection of thevelocityof manwithrespect to groundis alongtheY-axis (perpendicular
Chapter # 3 Rest & Motion : Kinematics
Page # 18
manishkumarphysics.in
to the river). We have to find the direction of velocity of the man with respect to water.
Let
G R
v
,

= velocity of the river with respect to the ground

= 2 km/h along the X-axis
r , m
v

= velocity of the man with respect to the river

= 3 km/h making an angle u with the Y-axis.
and g , m
u

= velocity of the man with respect to the ground along the Y-axis.
Wehave
g , m
u

=
r , m
v

+
g , r
v

.....(1)
Taking components along the X-axis
0 = (3 km/h)sin u + 2 km/h
or, sin u =
3
2
(b) Taking components in equation (i) along the Y-axis
g , m
u

= (3 km/h)cos u + 0
or, g , m
u

=
5
km/h
Time =
direction y in Velocity
direction y in nt Displaceme
=
h / km 5
km 5 . 0
=
10
5
h.
17. A man can swim at a speed of 3 km/h in still water to cross a 500 m wide river flowing at 2 km/h. He
keeps himself always at an angle of 120 with the river flowwhile swimming.
(a) Find the time he takes to cross the river.
(b) At what point on the opposite bank will he arrive?
Sol. The situation is shown in figure
Here
g , r
v

= velocity of the river with respect to the ground.

r , m
v

= velocity of the man with respect to the river

g , m
v

= velocity of the man with respect to the ground.

(a) We have
g , m
v

= r , m
v

+
g , r
v

.....(i)
Hence , the velocity with respect to the ground is along AC. Taking y-components in equation (i),
g , m
v

sinu = 3 km/h cos30 + 2 km/h cos90 =

2
3 3
km/h.
Time taken to cross the river
=
axis theY along velocity
axis theY along nt Displaceme

Chapter # 3 Rest & Motion : Kinematics
Page # 19
manishkumarphysics.in
=
h / km 2 / 3 3
km 2 / 1
=
3 3
1
h
(b) Taking x-components in equation (i),
g , m
v

cos u = 3 km/h sin30 + 2 km/h =

2
1
km/h
Displacement along the X-axis as the man crosses the river
= (velocity along the X-axis) (time)
=
|
.
|

\
|
h 2
km 1

|
|
.
|

\
|
h
3 3
1
=
3 6
1
km
18. Aman standing on a road has to hold his umbrella at 30 with the vertical to keep the rain away. He throws
the umberella and starts running at 10 km/h.He finds that raindrops are hitting his head vertically. Find the
speed of raindrops with respect to
(a) The road (b) the moving man,
Sol. When the man is at rest with respect to the ground , the rain comes to him at an angle 30 with the vertical.
This is the direction of the velocity of raindrops with respect to the ground. The situation when the man runs
is shown,in the figure.
Here
g , r
v

= velocity of the rain with respect to the ground

g , m
v

= velocity of the man with respect to the ground

and m , r
v

= velocity of the rain with respect to the man.

We have
g , r
v

= m , r
v

+ g , m
v

........(i)
Taking horizontal components , equation (i) gives
g , r
v

sin30 = g , m
v

= 10 km/h
or,
g , r
v

=
30 sin
h / km 10
= 20 km/h
Taking vertical components equation (i) gives
g , r
v

cos30 = m , r
v

or, m , r
v

= (20 km/h)
2
3
= 10 3 km/h
19. Aman running on a horizontal road at 8 km/h finds the rain falling vertically. He increses his speed to 12 km/
h and finds that the drops make angle 30 with the vertical. Find the speed and direction of the rain with
respect to the road.
Sol. Wehave road , rain
v

= man , rain
v

+ road , man
v

The two situations given in the problem may be respresented by the following figure.
Chapter # 3 Rest & Motion : Kinematics
Page # 20
manishkumarphysics.in
road , rain
v

is same in magnitude and direction in both the figures.

Taking horizontal components in equation (i) for figure,
road , rain
v

sin
o
= 8 km/h ..............(ii)
Nowconsider figure (3-W14b). Drawa line OA man , rain
v

as shown.
Taking components in equation (i) along the line OA.
road , rain
v

sin(30 +
o
) = 12 km/h cos30 ..............(iii)
From(i) and (ii)
o
o +
sin
) 30 sin(
=
2 8
3 12

or,
o
o + o
sin
sin 30 cos cos 30 sin
=
4
3 3
or,
2
1
cot o +
2
3
=
4
3 3
or, cot o =
2
3
or, o = cot
1
2
3
From(ii), road , rain
v

=
o sin
h / km 8
= 4
7
km/h.
20. Three particles A , B and C are situated at the vertices of an equilateral triangle ABC of side d at
t = 0. Each of the particles moves with constant speed v. Aalways has its velocity alongAB , B along BCand
C along CA. At what time will the particles meet each other ?
Sol. The motion of the particles is roughly sketched in figure. By symmetry they will meet at the
centroid O of the triangle. At any instant the particles will from an equilateral triangle ABC with the same
centroid O. Concentrate on the motion of any one. particle sayA. At any instant its velocity makes angle 30
with AO.
The components of this velocity alongAOis vcos30. This component is the rate of decrease of the distance
AO intially,
Chapter # 3 Rest & Motion : Kinematics
Page # 21
manishkumarphysics.in
AO =
2
2
2
d
d
3
2
|
.
|

\
|

=
3
d
Therefore , the time taken for AOto become zero
=
30 cos v
3 d
=
3 v 3
d 2

=
v 3
d 2
Time =
direction y in Velocity
direction y in nt Displaceme
=
h / km 5
km 5 . 0
=
10
5
h.
EXERCISES
1. A man has to go 50 m due north, 40m due east and 20m due south to reach a field.
(a) What distance he has to walk to reach the field ? (b) What is his displacement fromhis house to the field?
(+ l+- (+ n<i- -+ t -- + ln( 50 ni. -- +i ~i. 40 ni. +i ~i -ii 20 ni. <l-ii +i ~i -n-i
t
(a) n <i- -+ t -- + ln( -=+ ,ii -ni n: < i l+--i t `
(b) -=+ i = n <i- -+ l-ii- l+--i t `
[Ans : (a) 110 m (b) 50 m,tan
1
4
3
north to east ]
2. Aparticle starts fromthe origin , goes along the X-axis to the point (20m, 0) and then returns along the same
line to the point (20m,0) . Find the distance and displacement of the particle during the trip.
(+ +i X-~-i + ~-l<zi nn l-< = -n-i i-i ++ l-< (20ni., 0) -+ t--i t. :=+ z-i- - -=i
ii + ~- l<zi l-< (20ni.,0) -+ ni -i t =-i nl- n +i + ,ii - +i n: <i -ii l-ii- ai- +il
[Ans : 60 m, 20 m in the negative direction]
3. It is 260 kmfromPatna to Ranchi by air and 320 km by road.An aeroplane takes 30 minute to go fromPatana
to Ranchi wheras a delux bus takes 8 hour. (a)Find the average speed of the plane .(b) Find the average
speed of the bus.(c) Find the average velocity of the plane.(d) Find the average velocity of the bus.
-i = i-i +i <i i nin = 260 l+ni. -ii = + nin = 320 l+ni. t -i = i-i i- n ii- +i
30 lnl- -ii in+= = +i 8 i nn- t (a) ii- +i ~i=- -in ai- +il (b) = +i ~i=- -in ai-
+il (c) i i- +i ~i=- n ai- +il (d) = +i ~i =- n ai- +il
[Ans :(a) 520 km/h, (b) 40 km/h, (c) 520 km/h Patna to Ranchi,(d) 32.5 km/h Patna to Ranchi]
4. When a person leaves his home for sightseeing by his car, the meter reads 12352 km. When he returns
home after two hours the readind is 12416 km.(a) What is the average speed of the car during this period ?
(b) What is the average velocity? [Ans :(a) 32 km/h (b) zero ]
(+ l+- +i = ini t - i = l-+n-i t . ni +i iai+ 12352 l+ni. t t <i i z-i- i ni-i
t -i ia i + 12416 l+ni t (a) := =ni - n +i +i ~i=- -in l+--i t ? (b) ~i=- n l+--i t ?
[Ans :(a) 32 km/h (b) zero ]
5. An athelete takes 2.0 s to reach his maximum speed of 18.0 km/h. What is the magnitude of his average
accleration?
(+ ii+ ~-i ~li+-n -in18.0 km/h vi-- +- n 2.0 s =n n -i t -i +i + ~i =- i +i lnii ti ni `
Ans. 2.5 m/s
2
Sol. V
max
= 18 km/h = 5 m/s
using v = u + at +i -in +-
5 = 0 + a(2) a = 2.5 m/s
2
[Ans :2.5 m/s
2
]
6. The speed of a car as a function of time is shown in figure. Find the distance travelled by the car in 8 seconds
and its acceleration.
=n + +n- + n l+=i +i +i -in l-zi n <lzi- +i n: t +i + ,ii 8 =+ n - +i <i -ii
:=+i i ai- +il(
Chapter # 3 Rest & Motion : Kinematics
Page # 22
manishkumarphysics.in
as a function of time is shown in figure. Find the distance travelled by the car in
8 seconds and its acceleration.
[Ans : 80 m, 2.5 m/s
2
]
7. The acceleration of a cart started at t = 0, varies with time as shown in figure . Find the distance travelled in
30 seconds and drawthe displacement-time graph.
t = 0 zi ti - ini (+ ni i + i +i =n + =ii l- - l-zi n l<iii ni t 30 = + n - < i -i:
-ii l-ii-=n ~ii iil-( HCV_Ch-3_Ex._7
Time (in second)
A
c
c
e
l
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
(
i
n
f
t
/
s
2
)
-5.0
10 20 30
0
5.0
[Ans : 1000 ft.]
8. Figure shows the graph of velocity versus time for a particle going along the X-axis. Find (a) the acceleration,
(b) the distance travelled in 0 to 10 s and (c) the displacement in 0 to 10s.
X-~-i + ~- l<zi nl-ziin +i +i n=n ~i i l-zi n <lzi - l+i ni t ai- +il
(a) i
(b) 0 = 10 =+ n - +i n: <i -ii
(c) 0 = 10= + n l-ii-
Ans. (a) 0.6 m/s
2
(b) 50 meter (C) 50 meter
9. Figure shows the graph of the x-coordinate of a particle going along the X-axis as a function of time. Find the
average velocity during 0 to 10s., (b) instantaneous velocity at 2,5,8 and 12s.
l-zi n x-~-i + ~- l<zi nl-ziin +i + =n + +n- + n Xl-< zii + +i ~i i +- l+i ni t ai- +il
(a) 0 = 10 = + + n ~i=- n (b) 2,5,8 ( 12 = + -i-ili+ n
Chapter # 3 Rest & Motion : Kinematics
Page # 23
manishkumarphysics.in
[Ans : (a) 10 m/s , (b) 20 m/s, zero, 20 m/s, 20 m/s]
10. From the velocity-time plot shown in figure, find the distance travelled by the particle during the first 40
seconds. Also find the average velocity during this period.
l<( n( n=n ni+ +i =ti-i = +i ,ii vin 40 = + n - +i n: < i ai- +i -ii := ~--in n ~i =-
n ii ai- +i
0
v
5 m/s
5 m/s
20 10
30
40
t(s)
Ans. 100m, zero
Sol. Magnitude of area of v-t graph gives distance travelled
Distance =
2 x ] 5 x 20 [
2
1
)
`

= 100 m and Area of

t v

graph gives displacement.

Displacement =
2
1
[20 x 5] +
2
1
[20 x (5)] = 0 <v

> =
Time
nt Displaceme
= 0 Ans.
gy v-t ni+ + -i zi+n +i lnii - +i n: < i v<i- +-i t
<i =
2 x ] 5 x 20 [
2
1
)
`

= 100 m
-ii
t v

n i+ +i -i zi+n l-ii- v<i- +-i t

l-ii- =
2
1
[20 x 5] +
2
1
[20 x (5)] = 0 <v

> =
le;
foLFkkiu
= 0 Ans.
11. Figure (3-E6) shows x-t graph of a particle. Find the time t such that average velocity of the particle during the
period 0 to t is zero. [Ans: 12s]
(+ +i +i x-t ~i i l-zi n <lzi - l+i ni t =n t +i t ni- ai- +l l=+ ln 0 = t + =ni - n +i
+i ~i =- n zi - ti
Chapter # 3 Rest & Motion : Kinematics
Page # 24
manishkumarphysics.in
position B of the particle such that the average velocity between the positionsAand Bhas the same direction
as the instataneous velocity at B. [Ans :x = 5m, y = 3m]
(+ +i l-< A= -n-i i-i +-i t -ii <lzi- + + ~- l<zi nl- +-i t +i +i t l-il- B aii- +il
( nnin ) -il+ l-il-i A-ii B+ n +i + ~i =- n +i l<zii -ii B +i + -i-ili+ n +i l<zii (+ =ni-
ti
13. An object having a velocity 4.0 m/s is accelerated at the rate of 1.2 m/s
2
for 5.0s. Find the distance travelled
during the period of acceleration.
[Ans:35m]
4.0 m/s n = nl-ziin (+ -- +i 5 =. + ln 1.2 m/s
2
+i < = l- l+i i-i t l- l+ n =ni-
n - +i n: <i ai- +il
14. Aperson travelling at 43.2 km/h applies the brake giving a deceleration of 6.0 m/s
2
to his scooter. Howfar will
it travel before stopping? [Ans : 12m]
43.2 l+ni i i n = nl-ziin l+- + nni+ -=+ -+ n 6.0 m/s
2
~n-<- --- +-i t +- =
t l+--i <i - +ni`
15. A train starts fromrest and moves with a constant acceleration of 2.0 m/s
2
for half a minute. The brakes are
then applied and the train comes to rest in one minute. Find (a) the total distance moved by the train and (b)
The maximum speed attained by the train and (c) the position(s) of the train at half the maximum speed.
(+ - lini-ii = -n-i i-i ++ ~ii lnl- -+2.0 m/s
2
i = -n-i t :=+ z-i- + nni- = -
(+ lnl- n lini-ii n ~i i-i t (a) - + ,ii - +i ni +n < i. (b) - + ,ii i-- l+i ni ~li+-n
n -ii (c) ~li+-n +i ~iii -in - +i l-il-(i ) HCV_Ch-3_Ex.I_15
[Ans :(a) 2.7 km , (b) 60 m/s, (c) 225 m and 2.25 km]
Sol. (b) Plotting the velocity time graph according to the given conditions.
tan u = 2 maximum velocity achieved would be 60 m/sec.
tan u =
30
v
so v = 60
Now tan o =
60
60
= 1
Suppose at time t
1
and at t
2
train achieves half the maximum velocity.
tan u =
1
t
30
t
1
=
2
30
15 second
tan o =
2
t 90
30

90 t
2
=
1
30
; t
2
= 60 second Ans.
After 15 sec and 60 sec the train achieves half the maximum velocity.
16. A bullet travelling with a velocity of 16 m/s pentrates a treetrunk and comes to rest in 0.4m. Find the time
taken during the retardation.
16 ni.=. n = nl-ziin (+ ni ni + -- n 0.4 ni. i =+ + i-i t ~n<- n nni =n ai- +il
Ans : 0.05 s
17. A bullet going with a speed 350 m/s enters a concrete wall and penetrates a distance of 5.0 cm before
comming to rest. Find the deceleration.
350 ni.= . -in = nl-ziin ni ni + +i +i <ii n 5.0 =ni. i =+ + i-i t ~n<- ai- +il
Chapter # 3 Rest & Motion : Kinematics
Page # 25
manishkumarphysics.in
[Ans : 12.2 10
5
m / s
2
]
18. A particle starting from rest moves with constant acceleration . If it takes 5.0 s to reach the speed 18.0 km/
h find (a) the average velocity during this period,and (b) the distance travelled by the particle during this
period. [HCV_Ch-3_Ex._18]
l-i ~-ii n l-i- (+ +i l-- i = -n-i i-i +-i t l< :=+i 18.0 l+ni.ii -in i-- +-
n 5.0 = + nn- t . -i ai - +i l (a) : = =ni - - n ~i =- n - i i
(b) : = =ni - - n + i , i i - +i n: < i
[Ans :(a) 2.5 m/s , (b) 12.5 m]
19. A driver takes 0.20 s to apply the brakes after he sees a need for it. This is called the reaction time of the
driver. If he is driving a car at a speed of 54 km/h and the brakes cause a decleration of 6.0 m/s
2
.find the
distance travelled by the car after he sees the need to put the brakes on.
(+ i: ~iz+-i - + 0.20 =+ z-i- + nni i-i t t i: +i ''l-l+i =n'' +tni-i t
l< t 54 l+ni.ii +i -in = +i -ni ti t -ii + = --- ~n<- 6.0 ni.=.
2
-=+ ,ii + nni-
+i ~iz+-i ~-i ti- + z-i- - +i ni <i ai- +il
Ans :22 m
20. Complete the following table :
l--- =iii +i i +il
Car Model
Driver X
Reaction time 0.20s
Driver Y
Reaction time 0.30s
A( decleration
on hard braking =
6.0 m/s
2
)
Speed = 54 km/h
Braking distance
a = ..
Total stopping
distance
b =..
Speed = 72 km/h
Braking distance
c = ..
Total stopping distance
d =..
B( deceleration
on hard braking =
7.5 m/s
2
)
Speed = 54 km/h
Braking distance
e = ..
Total stopping
distance
f =..
Speed = 72 km/h
Braking distance
g = ..
Total stopping distance
h =..
dkj dkekWMy
MkbZoj
X
i zfrf; kl e;
0.20
l sd. M
MkbZoj
Y
i zfrf; kl e;
0.30
l sd. M
A (
i wj hr kdr l sczsd
yxkusi j czsd yxkusdh
voeanu
= 6.0
eh-@l s-
2
)
pky
= 54
fdeh-@?k.Vkdhnwj h
a = ..
: dusesayxhdqy nwj h
b =..
pky
= 72
fdeh-@?k.Vkczsd yxkus
dhnwj h
c = .
: dusesayxhdqy nwj h
d =..
B (
i wj hr kdr l sczsd
yxkusi j czsd yxkusdh
voeanu
= 6.0
eh-@l s-
2
)
pky
= 54
fdeh-@?k.Vkdhnwj h
e = ..
: dusesayxhdqy nwj h
f =..
pky
= 72
fdeh-@?k.Vkczsd yxkus
dhnwj h
g = .
: dusesayxhdqy nwj h
h =..
[Ans :(a) 19m (b) 22m (c) 33m (d) 39m (e) 15m (f) 18m (g) 27m (h) 33m]
]
21. A police jeep is chasing a culprit going on a moterbike. The motor bike crosses a turning at a speed of 72
km/h. The jeep follows it at a speed of 90 km/h, crossing the turning ten seconds later than the bike.
Assuming that they travel at constant speeds, how far from the turning will the jeep catch up with the bike?
[HCV_Ch-3_Ex_21]
(+ ln= i. ni =i:l+n =i (+ -i +i izi + ti t ni =i: l+n (+ ni 72 km/h +i -in
= l-+n-i t i :=+i izi 90 km/h, = + ti t ~i i ni ni=i:l+n + t-- +10 =+ i<
t --i t --i t t nil-( l+ l-- -in = -n- t ni + l+-- < i i< i ni =i: l+n +i +
Chapter # 3 Rest & Motion : Kinematics
Page # 26
manishkumarphysics.in
nni ?
[Ans : 1.0 km]
22. Acar travelling at 60 km/h overtakes another car treavelling at 42 km/h. Assuming each car to be 5.0 mlong,
find the time taken during the overtake and the total road distance used for the overtake.
60 l+ni.ii +i -in = nl-ziin (+ +i. 42 l+ni.ii +i -in = nl-ziin (+ ~- +i = ~in l-+n-i
t t n i - - t ( l + + +i 5.0 n i . n- i t . ~i n l - +n- n nni
=n ai - +l - i i i + + - n = + -ni n: + n < i ai - +l
Ans : 2s, 38m]
23. A ball is projected vertically upward with a speed of 50 m/s. Find (a) the maximum height, (b) the time to
reach the maximum height, (c) the speed at half the maximum height. Take g = 10 m/s
2
.
(+ n < 50 ni.= . +i -in = -i i - +i ~i -i l- +i n: t ai- +l (a) ~li+-n - -i: . (b)
~li+-n --i: -+ t -- n nni =n. (c) ~li+-n --i: +i ~iii - -i: -in (g = 10 ni.= .
2
n I)
Ans :(a) 125m , (b) 5s, (c)
2 25
m/s]
24. A ball is dropped from a ballon going up at a speed of 7 km/s. If the ballon was at a height 60 m at the time
of dropping the ball , how long will the ball take in reaching the ground?
- +i ~i 7 ni.=. +i -in = nl-ziin ni = (+ n< zi i i-i t l= =n n< zii ni t ni
+i - -i: 60 ni. t . ni- -+ t -- n n < +i l+--i =n nn ni `
Ans: 4.3s]
25. A stone is thrown vertically upward with a speed of 28 m/s.(a) Find the maximum height reached by the
stone.(b) Find its velocity one second before it reaches the maximumheight. (c) Does the answer of part (b)
changes if the intial speed is more than 28 m/s such as 40 m/s or 80 m/s?
(+ i +i 28 ni.=. -in = -ii - +i ~i ++i ni t (a) i ,ii - +i n: ~li+-n --i:
(b) ~li+-n --i: i-- +- n (+ =+ n (c) l< ~ill-i+ n 28 ni.=. = ~li+ = 40 ni.=.
i 80 ni.=. ti -i +i iin ti -i +i iin (b) +i --i ll-- ti in `
Ans :(a) 40m, (b) 9.8 m/s, (c) No]
26. A person sitting on the top of a tall building is dropping balls at regular intervals of one second. Find the
positions of the 3
rd
, 4
th
and 5
th
ball when the 6
th
ball is being dropped.
(+ -- i- + - ai t~i l+ 1 =+ + l-lz-- =ni--in n< lni ti t zai n< lnii
i ti ti -i -i=i. -i ii -ii i-i n < +i l-il-i ai- +l
Ans :44.1 m, 19.6 m and 4.9m below the top
27. Ahealthy youngman standing at a distance of 7 m from a 11.8 m high building sees a kid slipping from the
top floor. With what speed (assumed uniform) should he run to catch the kid at the arms height. (1.8 m)?
(+ -i+- --i l+ 11.8 ni. -- i- = 7 ni. <i i i t. t <i-i t l+ -i nln = (+ --i
l+=n+ ln ni t -- +i ~-i iti n (--i: 1.8 ni.) nn- + ln -= l+= -in ((+=ni- ni-) = iin-i
-ilt
Ans : 4.9 m/s
28. An NCC parade is going at a uniform speed of 6 km/h through a place under a berry tree on which a bird is
sitting at a height of 12.1 m. At a particular instant the bird drops a berry. Which cadet (give the distance from
the tree at the instant) will receive the berry on his uniform ?
12.1 ni. -- + (+ l-l i ai t: t := + -i- = 6 l+ni. l- ii +i -in = (-.=i.=i.
n ti t l+=i llzi -ii l-li (+ lni-i t +i-=i + (-= -ii + + = <i
-i: ) <i t ln ini ?
Ans : 2.62m
29. A ball is dropped from a height .If it takes 0.200s to cross the last 6.00m before hitting the ground, find the
height from which it was dropped.Take g = 10 m/s
2
. [HCV_Chp-3_Ex-29]
l+=i - -i: = (+ n < lnii ni t t ni- = +i- = :=+i ~l-n 6 ni. - +- n 0.200 =+
=n nn-i t . ai- +l l+ n < +i l+= - i: = lnii ni ii ` g = 10 m/s
2
.
Ans : 48m
30. Aball is droped from height of 5 m onto a sandy floor and pentrates the sand up to 10 cmbefore comming to
rest. Find the retardation of the ball in sand assuming it to be uniform.
(+ n< +i 5 ni. --i: = -in +zi lnii ni t. t lini-ii n ~i- = 10 =ni. nti: -+ i=
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i-i t - n n < +i ~n <- ((+n=i- ni-- t () ai- +l
Ans:490 m/s
2
]
31. An elevator is descending with uniform acceleration. To measure the acceleration , a person in the elevator
drops a coin at the moment the elavator starts. The coin is 6 ft above the floor of the elevator at time it is
dropped. The person observes that the coin strikes the floor in 1 second. Calculate from these data the
acceleration of the elevator.
( + l n+ ( + =n i - i = - i - +i ~i ~i t i t l n+ -n- i
i - i + -i t l n+ n l - i - (+ l + : =+i i ni - + l n ( +
l =++i l n i -i t l =++ +i l ni i ni t -= -i i l =++i l n+ +
+z i = 6 - t l +- l - i - + -i t l + l =++i 1 = + n +z i =
+ i - i t : = ~ i + i + ~i i i l n + + i i ai - +l
Ans : 20 ft/s
2
]
32. A ball is thrown horizontally from a point 100m above the ground with a speed of 20 m/s. Find(a) the time it
takes to reach the ground, (b) the horizontal distance it travells before reaching the ground, (c) the velocity
(direction and manitude) with which it strikes the ground. (g = 10 m/s
2
)
ni- = 100 ni. --i: l-i- (+ l-< = (+ n< 20 ni.=. +i -in = -il- l<zii n ++i i-i t ai-
+l (a) :=+i ni- -+ t -- n nni =n (b) ni- -+ t -- = :=+ ,ii - -i l- <i (c) ni-
= +i- =n :=+i n (lnii ( l<zii) (g = 10 m/s
2
)
Ans : (a) 4.5s, (b) 90m (c) 49m/s, (d) u = tan
1
5
= 66 with horizontal
33. A ball is thrown at a speed of 40 m/s at an angle of 60 with the horizontal. Find (a) the maximum height
reached and (b) the range of the ball. Take g = 10 m/s
2
.
(+ n < -i l- = 60 +i i 40 ni.= . -in = + +i n: t ai- +l
(a) :=+ ,ii - +i ni ~li+-n - -i: (b) n < +i i= )g = 10 m/s
2
)
Ans :(a) 60m , (b) 80 3 m
34. In a soccer practice session the football is kept at the centre of the field 40 yards from the 10 ft high
goalposts. Agoal is attempted by kicking the football at a speed of 64 ft/s at an angle of 45 to the horizontal.
Will the ball reach the goal-post ?
+in + ~i= + ln. nin + 10 +i -- i-ii = 40 n < n<i- + +-< +in ii t: t nin
+- +i - i +- + ln( l++ nni- = + in -il- = 45 +ii 64 +i= + +i -in = nl-ziin
ti-i t +i +in nin n t-ni `
Ans: Yes
35. A popular game in Indian villages is goli which is played with small glass balls called golis. The goli of one
player is situated at a distance of 2.0 m from the goli of the second player. This second player has to project
his goli by keeping the thumb of the left hand at the place of his goli, holding the goli between his two middle
fingers and making the throw. If the projected goli hits the goli of the first player, the second player wine. If the
height from which the horizontally, with that speed it be projected so that it directly hits the stationary goli
without on the ground earlier?
ii- + nii n +-i +i in -ln- t. t +i- +i ziizii nilni = ini i-i t. l-t +- +t- t
(+ lini i +i nini. <= lini i +i nini = 2.0 ni. < t <= linii +i ~-i nini i tii +i --i
-ii nni -nni + i- +=i+ ~-i nini + -ii- <i tii +i ~nai i+. <i tii +i --i -nni
= nini +i -il- +-i -i t l< -il- +i n: nini. in lini i +i nini +i i-i t -i <=i
lini i i- i-i t l< nini +i 19.6 =ni +i --i: = -il- l<zii n -il- l+i i-i t -i nini +i t
-ii n ai- +l . l== ni ni l-i ni ni = +i- = tn ti ni- = - +i(
Ans ; 10 m/s
36. Figure shows a 11.7 ft wide ditch with the approach roads at an angle of 15 with the horizontal. With what
minimum speed should a motorbike be moving on the road so that it safely crosses the ditch?
l-zii-=i 11.7 +i -i -in +i =-+ = + -il- = 15 +ii t = + nl-ziin ni =i:l+n +i
---n -in l+--i ti l+ t -in +i =l-i- = i + n ` ti t nil- l+ ni =i:l+n +i n-i:
5 +i t -ii t = + +i - zi -i t :=+i ~nni iin =-+ = + = it l-+n i-i t
15
11.7 ft
Assume that the length of the bike is 5 ft, and it leaves the road when the front part runs out of the approach
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manishkumarphysics.in
road. [Ans : 32 ft/s]
37. A person standing on the top of a cliff 171 ft. high has to throwa packet to his friend standing on the ground
228 ft horizontally away. If he throws the packet directly aiming at the friend with a speed of 15.0 ft/s, how
short will the packet fall?
(+ l+- 171 +i --i ni-i + - ii t. t ni-i = -il- l<zii n 228 + <i ni- i ~-
lnzi +i ~i (+ + ++-i t l< t + +i ai+ ~- lnzi +i l<zii n 15.0 +i=. +i -in = ++-i
t - i + l + - - i < i t i l n i n i `
Ans :192 ft.]
38. A ball is projected from a point on the floor with a speed of 15 m/s at angle of 60 with the horizontal. Will it
hit a vertical wall 5maway fromthe point of the projection and perpendicular to the plane of projection without
hitting the floor ? Will the answer differ if the wall is 22m away?
+zi l-i- (+ l-< = (+ n< 15 ni=. +i -in = -il- = 60 +ii -il- +i i-i t +i t n<
+zi +zi +i( l-i -ii l-< = 5 ni. < l-i- ( -ii -n + n-- l-i- (+ -ii <ii
++ nini ` l< <ii 22 ni. < l-i- ti -i --i n +i : l- - ti ni. +i `
Ans:Yes, Yes]
39. Find the average velocity of a projectile between the instants it crosses half the maximum height. It is
projected with a speed u at an angle u with the horizontal.
-i - +i -- <i l-il-i + n t ~li+-n --i: +i ~iii --i: i +-i t. ~i=- n ai- +l
:=+i -i l- = u +i i u -in = -i l- l+i ni t
Ans :ucos u ,horizontal in the plane of projection
40. A bomb is dropped from a plane flying horizontally with uniform speed. Show that the bomb will explode
verticallly below the plane is the statement true if the plane files with uniform speed but not horizontally?
-il- l<zii n (+ =ni- -in = nl-ziin ii- = (+ n lnii i-i t + +l l+ n. ii- + ai+
-ii -i- l-+il- tini +i t +i- - ii = tini ii- (+=ni-n = nl- + l+-- il- -n
n -ti `
41. Aboy standing on a long railroad car throws a ball straight upwards. The car is moving on the horizontal road
with an acceleration of 1 m/s
2
and the projection velocity in the vertical direction is 9.8 m/s. How far behind
the boy will the ball fall on the car.
(+ n +i n ii t~i n+i (+ n < ai+ -ii - +i ~i + +-i t +i -il- i 1 ni.=.
2
i
= nl- + ti t -ii -i i l<zii n -i i n 9.8 ni.=. t +i n n < n + = l+--i < ln ni `
Ans :2m
42. A staircase contains three steps each 10 cm high and 20 cm wide (Figure ) What should be the minimum
horizontal velocity of a ball rolling off the uppermost plane so as to hit directly the lowest plane?
=ic i n 10 =ni. --i ( 20 =ni. -i i -i- =ilc i t == -i =n-n nc + ti n< +i ---n -il- n
l+--i ti l+ t =iii == -i- =n-n +i `
Ans : 2m/s]
43. A person is standing on atruck moving with a constant velocity of 14.7 m/s on a horizontal road. The man
throws a ball in such a way that it returns to the truck after the truck has moved 58.8m. Find the speed and
the angle of projection (a) as seen from the truck , (b) as seen from the road.
=n-n -il- =+ 14.7 ni.=. +i (+ =ni- -in = nl-ziin + n (+ l+ ii t~i t t l+ (+
n< := +i ++-i t l+ + 58.8 ni. -n -+i ti-i t -i n< - + n ni ~i-i t ai- +l -ii
+i i -ii -in (a) + = < i- +- (b) = + = < i-
Ans : (a) 19.6 m/s upward (b) 24.5 m/s at 53 with horizontal]
44. The benches of a gallery in a cricket stadium are 1 m wide and 1mhigh. Abatsman strikes the ball at a level
one metre above the ground and hits a mammoth sixer. The ball starts at 35 m/s at angle of 53 with the
horizontal. The benches are perpendicular to the plane of motion and the first bench is 110 m from the
batsman. On which bench will the ball hit ?
l++ - ln +i n n i n 1 ni. -i i -ii 1 ni. --i - t (+ -n i ni- = 1 ni. --i: = n < +i ni+
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n-i z++i nni-i t n< -il- = 53 +ii 35 ni.=. -in = nl- i-i +-i t tni - -ni =
110 ni. < l-i- t -ii - nl- + -n + n-- t l+= - n< lnni `
Ans : Sixth]
45. Aman is sitting on the shore of a river. He is in the line of a 1.0 m long boat and is 5.5 maway from the centre
of the boat. He wishes to throw an apple into the boat. If he can throw the apple only with a speed of 10 m/
s. find the minimumand maximumangles of projection for sucessful shot. Assume that the point of projection
and the edge of the boat are in the same horizontal level.
(+ l +- - < i + l +- i ai t -t 1.0 ni . n- i - i +i =i i n
- i + + - < = 5.5 n i . < a i t t - i ( + = + +- i -i t - i t
t= +i + n 10 ni . = . +i -i n = + + =+-i t . =+n-i + + +-
+ l n - i i +i i +i - - - n - i i ~l i +- n n i - ai - +l t n i -
n i l l + - i i l - < - i i - i + i l + - i i ( + t i - i l - = n - n n
t
[Ans :Minimum angle 15, Maximum angle 75 but there is an interval of 53 between 15 and 75m,
which is not allowed for sucessful shot.]
46. A river 400 m wide is flowing at a rate of 2.0 m/s.A boat is sailing at a velocity of 10 m/s with respect to the
water, in a direction perpendicular to the river. (a) Find the time taken by the boat to reach the opposite
bank.(b) Howfar from the point directly opposite to the starting point does the boat reach the opposite bank.
400 ni. -ii -<i 2.0 ni.= . +i -in = ilt- ti ti t -<i + ti = n-- l<zii n (+ -i n + =i -i
10 ni.=. n = i ti t (a) -i +i li- l+-i -+ t-- n nni =n ai- +l (b) -i =in- in
l+-i ~i-i l-< + =ii in l-< = l+--i < t- ni `
Ans :(a) 40s, (b) 80 m
47. A swimmer wishes to cross a 500 m wide river flowing at 5 km/h. His speed with respect to water is 3 km/h.
(a) If he heads in a direction making an angle u with the flow, find the time he takes to cross the river..
(b) Find the shortest possible time to cross the river.
5 l+ni.ii +i -in = ilt- ti ti 500 ni. -i i -<i +i (+ - i+ i +-i -it-i t -=+i i-i +
=i -i -in 3 l+niii t
(a) l< t i-i + it +i l<zii = u +i i - -i t -i -<i i +- n nni =n ai- +l
(b) -<i i +- n nn- ini - --n =n ai- +l
[Ans : (a)
sin
minute 10
, (b) 10 minute ]
48. Consider the situation of the previous problem. The man has to reach the other shore at the point directly
opposite to his starting point. If he reaches the other shore somewhere else, he has to walk down to his
point.Find the minimum distance that he has to walk.
lzn z- l-i +l l+ < = l+-i ~- i-i l-< + ai+ =in- in l-< t--i -it-i
t l< t <= l+-i l+=i ~- l-< t --i t -i ai+ =in- in l-< -+ <n -n-i ni <n
-n- + ln ~iz+ - --n < i ai- +l
Ans :
3
2
km]
49. An aeroplane has to go from a point A to another point B,500 km away due 30 east of north. A wind is
blowing due north at a speed of 20 m/s. The air-speed of the plane is 150 m/s. (a) Find the direction in which
the pilot should head the plane to reach the point B. (b) Find the time taken by the plane to go fromAto B.
(+ ii- +i l-< A= 500 l+ni. < ( = --i +i ~i 30 +ii l-i- l-< B -+ i-i t i --i
+i ~i 20 ni.=. +i -in = ilt- ti ti t ii- +i ti n -in 150 ni.=. t (a) l-< B-+ t--
+ ln -in+ +i ii- l+= l<zii n -i-i tini ` (b) ii- +i A= B-+ t-- n nni =n ai- +l
Ans :(a) sin
1
(1/15) east of the line AB, (b) 50 min]
50. Two friends Aand B are standing a distance x apart in an open field and wind is blowing fromAto B. Abeats
a drum and B hears the sound t
1
time after he sees the event. A and B interchange their position and the
experiment is repeated. This time B hears the drum t
2
time after he sees the event. Calculate the velocity of
sound in still air v and the velocity of wind u. Neglect the time light takes in travelling between the friends.
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(+ n<i- n x <i <i lnzi A Bi t -ii i A= B +i ~i ilt- ti ti t A(+ n +i i-i t
-ii B -=+i i- t ( < i- + t
1
z-i- -=+i l- = --i t A B --i l-il-i - ll- - + n -
t -ii in +i <iti- t ~ Bi-i +i <i- + t
2
=n z-i- l- =--i t l-i i n l- + n v
-ii i + n u +i ni-i +l <i-i lnzii + n +izi +i nl- n nn =n +i -n ni- nil
Ans :
|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|
+
2 1 2 1
t
1
t
1
2
x
,
t
1
t
1
2
x
]
51. Suppose Aand Bin the previous problem change their positions in such that the line joining them becomes
perpendicular to the direction of wind while maintaining the separation x. What will be the time lag B finds
between seeing and hearing the drum beating byA?
ni-il+ lzn z- n li- A-ii B~- l-il-i := +i <n n- t l+ --+i lnni- in ii i it
+ n-- ti i-i t -ii :-+ n <i x ti t-i t A+ ,ii i n ain n B <i- -ii =-- n l+--i
=n z-i- l-i- + ni `
Ans :
2 2
u v
x

52. Six particles situated at the corners of a regular hexagon of side a move at a constant speed v. Each particle
maintains a direction towards the particle at the next corner. Calculate the time the particles will take to meet
each other.
a i i + =ni i + +i -i l-i- z +i (+ =ni- -in v = nl-ziin t + +i ~-i l<zii ~- = ~in in
+i - l-i- +i +i ~i i-i t + +i +i ~i= n lnn- n nni =n ai- +l
Ans : 2a / v