Chapter # 17 Light Waves

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manishkumarphysics.in
SOLVED EXAMPLES
1. The refractive index of glass is 1.5. Find the speed of light in glass.
Sol. Wehave
=
material the in light of speed
vacuum in light of speed
Thus, speed of light in glass
=

vacuum in light of speed
=
5 . 1
s / m 10 30
8

= 20 10
8
m/s.
2. In a Youngs double slit experiment, the separation between the slits in 010 mm, the wavelength of light used
is 600 nm and the interference pattern in observed on a screen 1.0 m away. Find the separation between the
successive bright fringes.
Sol. The separation between the successive bright fringes is
w =
m 10 10 . 0
m 10 600 m 10
d
D
3
9

= 60 10
3
m = 6.0 mm.
3. The wavelength of light coming from a sodium source is 589 nm. What will be its wavelength in water?
Refractive index of water = 1.33.
Sol. The wavelength in water is =
0
/m, where
0
is the wavelength in vacuum and m is the refractive index of
water. Thus,
=
33 . 1
589
= 443 nm.
4. Find the minimumthickness of a filmwhich will strongly reflect the light of wavelength 589 nm. The refractive
index of the material of the film is 125.
Sol. For strong reflection, the least optical path difference introduced by the film should be /2. The optical path
difference between the waves reflected from the two surfaces of the film is 2d. Thus, for strong reflection.
2d = /2
or,

=
4
d =
25 . 1 4
nm 589

= 118 nm.
5. A parallel beam of monochromatic light of wavelength 480 nm passes through a long slit of width 0.2 mm.
Find the angular divergence in which most of the light is diffracted.
Sol. Most of the light is diffracted between the two first order minima. These minima occur at angles given by
b sinu =
or, sin u = /b =
2
2
10 2 . 0
m 10 450

= 2.25 10
3
.
or, u = 2.25 10
3
rad.
The angular divergence = 4.5 10
3
rad.
6. Abeam of light of move length 590 nmis focussed by a converging lens of diameter 10.0 cmat a distance of
20 cm from it. Find the diameter of the disc image formed.
Sol. The angular radius of the central bright disc in a diffraction pattern from circular aperture is given by
sinu =
b
22 . 1
=
m 10 0 . 5
m 10 590 22 . 1
7
9

= 1.4 10
5
rad.
The radius of the bright disc is
1.4 10
5
20 cm = 2.8 10
4
cm.
The diameter of the disc image = 5.6 10
4
cm.
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QUESTIONS FOR SHORT ANSWER
1. Is the colour of 620 nm light and 780 nm light same? Is the colour of 620 nm light and 0.21 light same? How
many colours are there is white light?
2. The wavelength of light in a medium is =
0
/, where (
0
= 720 nm) enters into water. The wavelength in
water. The wavelength in water is =
0
/ = 540 nm. To a person under water does this light appear green?
3. Whether the diffraction effects from a slit will be more clearly visible or less clearly, if the slit-width is
increased?
4. It we put a cardboard (say 20 cm 20 cm) between a light source and our eyes, we cant see the light. But
when we put the same cardboard between a sound source and our ear, we hear the sound almost clearly.
Explain.
5. TVsignals broadcast by Delhi studio cannot be directly received at Patna which is about 1000 km away. But
the same signal goes some 36000 km away to a satellite, gets reflected and is then received at patna.
Explain.
6. Can we perform Youngs double slit experiment with sound waves? To get a reasonable fringe pattern,
wheat would be the order of separation between the slits? Howcan the bright fringes and the dark fringes to
detected in this case?
7. Is it necessary to have two waves of equal intensity to study interference patter? Will there be an effect on
clearly if the waves have unequal intensity?
8. Can we conclude from the interference phenomenon whether light is a transverse wave or a longitudinal
wave?
9. Why dont we have interference when two candles are placed close to each other and the intensity is seen
at a distant screen? What happens if the candles are replaced by laser sources?
10. If the separation between the slits in a Youngs double slit experiment is increased, what happens to the
fringes-width? If the separation is increased too much, will the fringe pattern remain detectable?
11. Suppose white light falls on a double slit but one slit is covered by a violet filter (allowing = 400 nm).
Describe the nature of the fringe pattern observed.
Objective - I
1. Light is
(A) wavephenomenon (B) particle phenomenon
(C*) both particle and wave phenomenon
+izi t -
(A) -n |l- +i (B) +i +i |l- +i (C*) +i -n <i-i |l- +i
2. The speed of light depends
(A) on elasticity of the medium only (B) on inertia of the medium only
(C) on elasticity as well as inertia (D*) neither on elasticity nor on inertia
+izi +i nl- l-i +-i t
(A) +n nin +i i-ii (B) + n nin +
(C) -ii i-ii (D*) i -i i-ii -i ti
3. The equation of a light wave is written as y=A sin(kx-et). Here, y represents
(A) displacement of either particles (B) pressure in the medium
(C) density of the medium (D*) electric field
+izi +i -n +i =ni+i y =Asin(kx et) t. ti x <lzi- +-i t -
(A) :i + +ii +i l-ii- (B) nin n <i
(C) nin +i i- (D*) l - -i zi
4. Which of the following properties showthat light is a transverse wave?
(A) Reflection (B) Interference (C) Diffraction (D*) Polarization
l--- n = +i-=i |l- <lzi - +-i t l+ +izi ~--i -n t -
(A) i-- (B) l-+i (C) l-- (D*) i i
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5. When light is refracted into a medium,
(A) its wavelength and frequency both increase
(B) its wavelength increases but frequency remains unchanged
(C*) its wavelength decreases but frequency remains unchanged
(D) its wavelength and frequency both decrease
+izi nin n ~l- - ti -i t -i -
(A) :=+i - n< -ii ~i l-i <i-i n lz ti-i t
(B) :=+i -n< n lz ti -i t . -- ~il-i ~ll-- t-i t
(C*) :=+i -n< n +ni ti -i t . -- ~il-i ~ll-- t-i t
(D) :=+i -n< ~i l-i <i-i n +ni ti-i t
6. When light is reflected, which of the following does not change?
(A) Wavelength (B*) Frequency (C) Velocity (D) Amplitude
+izi ~ll- - ti -i t -i l--- n = +i ll- - -ti ti -i t -
(A) -n< (B*) ~i l-i (C) n (D) ~iin
7. The amplitude modulated (AM) radio wave bends appreciably round the corners of a 1 m x 1 mboard but the
frequency modulated (FM) wave only negligibly bends. If the average wavelength of AMand FMwaves are
a
and
f
,
(A*)
a
>
f
(B)
a
=
f
(C)
a
<
f
(D) we dont have sufficient information to decide about the relation of
a
and
f
~iin ni n (AM) li - n 1ni. x 1ni. + i + l+-ii = n i-i t . -- ~i l-i ni n (FM) - n -n
n -i t l< AM-ii FM-ni +i ~i =- - n<
a

f
ti -i -
(A*)
a
>
f
(B)
a
=
f
(C)
a
<
f
(D)
a

f
n = i ai- +- + ln( =--i( ~i -- t
8. Which of the following sources gives best monochromatic light?
(A) Acandle (B) Abulb (C) Amercury tube (D*) Alaser
l--- n = l+= = i - = =i -in (+ii +izi i-- ti ni -
(A) nin-ii (B) - (C) n+l (D*) n
9. The wavefronts of light wave travelling in vacuum are given by x + y + z = c. The angle made by the direction
of propagation of light with the X-axis is - [HCV_Obj-1_Q. 9]
l-i- n nl- + ti +izi - n +i -ni n x + y + z = c t +izi +i nl- +i l<zii +i x-~-i = -ii ni +ii
ti ni -
(A) 0
o
(B) 45
o
(C) 90
o
(D*) cos
-1
(1/\3)
10. The wavefronts of light coming from a distant source of unknown shape are nearly
(A*) plane (B) elliptical (C) cylindrical (D) spherical
~ai- ~i|l- + < l-i- = i - = ~i- in +izi +i -ni n nnin ti ni -
(A*) =n-n (B) <ii-ii+i (C) n-i+i (D) nini+i
11. The inverse square law of intensity (i.e., the intensity
1
2
r
) is valid for a
(A*) point source (B) line source (C) plane source (D) cylindrical source
-i -i (-i -i
1
2
r
) + +n n +i l-n nin ti -i t -
(A*) l-< =i- + ln( (B) ii =i- + ln( (C) =n-n =i- + ln( (D) n-i+i =i- + ln(
12. Two source are called coherent if they produce waves
(A) of equal wavelength (B) of equal velocity
(C) having same shape of wavefront (D*) having a constant phase difference
<i = i- +ni =-z +tni- t. l< -n --- +- t -
(A) =ni- -n< +i (B) =ni- n +i
(C) =ni- ~i|l- + -nin +i (D*) ~- +ni-- +i
13. When a drop of oil is spread on a water surface, it displays beautiful colours in daylight because of
(A) dispersion of light (B) reflection of light
(C) polarization of light (D*) interference of light
- n +i < +i n +i =-t + nii i-i t -i t l<- + +izi n = -< ni +i l--- i-i + +ii <zi -
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+-i t -
(A) +izi + i l-i i (B) +izi +i i--
(C) +izi +i i i (D*) +izi +i l-+i
14. Two coherent sources of different intensities send waves which interfere. The ratio of maximum to minimum
intensity is 25. The intensities of the sources are in the ratio -
<i +ni =-z = i -i = zi i n: ~nn~nn -i -i +i - n ~ii l- ti -i t ~li+-n -i-i - --n -i-i n
~-i- 25 t -i = i -i +i -i-i n ~- i- tini -
(A) 25: 1 (B) 5: 1 (C*) 9: 4 (D) 625: 1
15. The slits in a Youngs double slit experiment have equal width and the source is placed symmetrically with
respect to the slits. The intensity at the central fringe is Io. If one of the slits is closed, the intensity at this
point will be
n + l, iilz< i n n iilz< i +i -i i: =ni- t -i = i - +i iilz< i + =i -i =-ln- ii i-i t + -< i l+
+i -i -i I
0
t . l< (+ iilz< +i c+ l<i i -i := l-< -i -i ti ni -
(A) I
0
(B*) I
O
/4 (C) I
0
/2 (D) 4I
0
16. Athin transparent sheet is placed in front of a Youngs double slit. The fringe-width will
(A) increase (B) decrease (C*) remain same (D) becomenonuniform
n + l,iilz< in n (+ -ni i<zi+ l+i i <i i-i t -i l+ -ii: -
(A) cni (B) ini (C*) =ni- tni (D) ~=ni- tini
17. If Youngs double slit experiment is performed in water
(A*) the fringe width will decrease (B) the fringe width will increase
(C) the fringe width will remain unchanged (D) there will be no fringe
l< n + l,iilz< in +i i-i n l+i i -i -
(A*) l+ -i i: +n ti ini (B) l+ -ii: c i ni
(C) l+ -i i: ~ll- - tni (D) +i: l+ i-- -ti tini
Objective - II
1. Alight wave can travel
(A*) in vacuum (B) in vacuum only
(C*) in a material medium (D) in a material medium only
+izi - n nl- + =+-i t -
(A*) l-i- n (B) + n l-i - n
(C*) <ii nin n (D) +n <ii nin n
2. Which of the following properties of light conclusively support wave theory of light
(A) Light obeys laws of reflection
(B*) Speed of light in water is smaller than the speed in vacuum
(C*) Light shows interference
(D) Light shows photoelectric effect.
l--- n = +izi +i +i -=i |l- +izi +i - n |l- + -i n t -
(A) +izi i--+ l-n +i in- +-i t
(B*) n n +izi +i n l-i - n n = +n t
(C*) +izi + = -i +i l<zii + n-- t
(D) +izi. +izi l - ii <lzi - +-i t
3. When light propagates in vacuum there is an electric field and a magnetic field. These fields
(A) are constant in time
(B*) havezero averagevalue
(C*) are perpendicular to the direction of propagation of light
(D*) are mutually perpendicular
+izi l-i - n nn- +-i t -i -=n l - - -+i -i zi ti - t -i zi -
(A) =n + =ii ~- t
(B*) zi- ~i =- ni- in t
(C*) +izi + = -i +i l<zii + n-- t
(D*) (+ < = + n-- t
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4. Huygens principle of secondary wavelets may be used to
(A) find the velocity of light in vacuum (B) explain the particle behavior of light
(C*) find the newposition of a wavefront (D*) explain Snells law
ti:n- + l,-i+ -ln+i l=zi-- +i -in l+i i-i t -
(A) l-i - n +izi +i n ai- +- n (B) +izi +i -n |l- +i -i- n
(C*) -nin +i -: l-il- ai- +- n (D*) --n + l-n +i =nni- n
5. Three observers A, Band Cmessure the speed of light coming froma source to u
A
, u
B
and u
C
. The observer
A movies towards the source and C moves away from the source at the same speed. The observe B stays
stationery. The surrounding space is vaccum everywhere.
-i- i-i+i A, B-ii C,ii = i - = l-n - +izi +i nii n: nl- u
A
, u
B
~i u
C
t i-i+ A= i - +i -+ -ii i-i+
C = i- = < =ni- nl- = -n-i t i-i+ B l-i t-i t nin l-i - ti -i -
(A) u
A
> u
B
> u
C
(B) u
A
< u
B
< u
C
(C*) u
A
= u
B
= u
C
(D*) u
B
=
2
1
(u
A
+u
C
)
6. Suppose the mediumin the previous question is water. Select the correct option(s) fromthe list given in that
question.
ni-i lzn z- n nin n t -i =ti l+- - l- -
(Ans = A, D)
7. Light waves travel in vacuum along the X-axis. Which of the following may represent the wavefronts?
+izi l+i l-i - n x-~-i + ~- l<zi nl- + ti t l--- n = -ni n +i <lzi- +-i t -
(A*) x = c (B) y = c (C) z = c (D) x + y + z = c
8. If the source of light used in a Youngs double slit experiment is changed from red to violet,
(A) the fringes will become brighter (B*) consecutive fringes will comes closer
(C) the intensity of minima will increase (D) the central bright fringe will become a dark fringe
l< n + l,iilz< in n +izi + nin = n-i n ll-- + < -i -
(A) l+ ~li+ -n+ini ti i ni (B*) +nin- l+ ~i ~li+ i= ~i ni
(C) l-l--a +i -i-i c ini (D) + -<i -n+ini l+ +ini l+ ti ini
9. AYoungs double slit experiment is performed with white light,
(A*) The central fringe will be white (B*) There will not be a completely dark fringe
(C) The fringe next to the central will be red (D*) The fringe next to the central will be violet
n + l, iilz< in +i z - +izi ,ii l+i i -i -
(A*) + -<i l+ z- tini (B*) i +ini l+ -ti ti ni
(C) + -< i l+ + ~nni ini nin ti ni (D*) + -< i l+ + ~nni ini n-i ti ni
10. Four light waves are represented by -i +izi - ni +i l--- ,ii <lzi - l+i i-i t -
(i) y = a
1
sin et. (ii) y = a
2
sin(et + c) (iii) y = a
1
sin 2et (iv) y = a
2
sin 2(et + c)
Interference frings may be observed due to superposition of
l-+i l+ l--- + ~iii + +ii l<ii: <ni
(A*) (i) and (ii) (B) (i) and (iii) (C) (ii) and (iv) (D*) (iii) and (iv)
WORKED OUT EXAMPLES
1. White light is a mixture of wavelengths between 400 nm and 700 nm. If this light goes through water ( =
1.33), what are the limits of the wavelength there?
Sol. When a light having wavelength
0
in vacuumgoes through a mediumof refractive index , the wavelength in
the medium becomes =
0
/.
For
0
= 400 nm, =
33 . 1
nm 400
= 300 nm
and for l
0
= 700 nm, l =
33 . 1
nm 700
= 525 nm.
Thus, the limits are 300 nm and 525 nm.
2. The optical path of a monochromatic light it same if it goes through 2.00 cm of glass or 2,25 cm of water. If
the refractive index of water is 1.33, what is the refractive index of glass?
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Sol. When light travels through a distance x in a medium of refractive index , its optical path is x. Thus, if is
the refractive index of glass,
(2.00 cm) = 1.33 (2.25 cm)
or, = 1.33
00 . 2
25 . 2
= 1.50.
3. White light is passed through a double slit and interference pattern is observed on a screen 2.5 m away. The
sepration between the slits is 0.5 mm. The first violet and red fringes are formed 2.0 mm and 3.5 mm away
from the central white fringe. Calculate the wavelengths of the violet and the red light.
(+ l,lz< = =+ < v+izi +i l-+ini i-i t ~i l-+ivl- < 2.5 ni +i < i <ii i-i t lz<
(slits) + n <i 0.5 mm t +-<i =+< l+- = tni n-i -ii nin l+- +nzi 2.0 mm -ii 3.5 mm <i
--i t n-i -ii nin v+izi + -n< +i ni-i +il( ` [HCV-1_Ch.-17_WOE_3]
Sol. For the first bright fringe, the distance from the centre is y =
d
D
For violet light, y = 2.0 mm. Thus, 2.0 mm =
mm 5 . 0
) m 5 . 2 (
or =
mm 5 . 2
) mm 0 . 2 )( mm 5 . 0 (
= 400 nm.
Similarly, for red light , y = 3.5 mm. Thus, 3.5 mm =
mm 5 . 0
) m 5 . 2 (
or, = 700 nm. Ans.
4. Adouble slit experiment is performed with sodium(yellow) light of wavelength 589.3 nmand the interference
pattern is observed on a screen 100 cm away. The tenth bright fringe has its centre at a distance of 12 mm
from the central maximum. Find the separation between the slits.
(+ l,lz< vin n =iln (ini) v+izi l=+i -n< 589.3 nm t. +i -in l+i i-i t -ii 100 cm < i
l-i- < l-+i vl- vi-- l+i i-i t <=i -n+ini l+- +i + -< . + -< i -l--a = 12 mm+i < i
t lz<i + n < i -it HCV_17_WOE_4
Sol. For the nth maximum fringe, the distance above the central line is x =
d
D n
.
According to the data given,
x = 12 mm, n = 10, = 589.3 nm, D = 100 cm.
Thus, the separation between the slits is
d =
x
D n
=
m 10 12
m 10 100 m 10 3 . 589 10
3
2 19

= 4.9 10
4
m = 0.49 mm.
5. The intensity of the light coming from one of the slits in a Youngs double slit experiment is double the
intensityfromthe other slit. Find the ratio of the maximumintensity to the minimumintensity in the interference
fringe pattern observed.
Sol. The intensity of the light originating from the first slit is double the intensity from the second slit. The
amplitudes of the two interfering waves are in the ratio
1 : 2
, say
A 2
and A. A.
At the point of constructive interference, the resultant amplitude becomes (
2
+ 1)A. At the points of
destructive interference, this amplitude is (
2
1)A. The ratio of the resultant intensities at the maxima to
that at the minima is
A 3
A ) 1 2 (
A ) 1 2 (
2 2
2 2
=

+
6. The width of one of the two slits in a Youngs double slit experiment is double of the other slit. Assuming that
the amplitude of the light coming from a slit is proportional to the slit-width, find the ratio of the maximum to
the minimum intensity in the interference pattern.
Sol. Suppose the amplitude of the light wave coming fromthe narrower slit isAand that coming fromthe wider slit
is 2A. The maximumintensity takes place. Thentheresultant amplitude is thesumof theindividual amplitudes.
Thus,
A
max
= 2A + A = 3A
The minimum intensity occurs at a place where destructive interference takes place. The resultant amplitude
is then difference of the individual amplitudes. Thus,
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A
min
= 2A A = A.
As the intensity is proportional to the square of the amplitude,
9
A
) A 3 (
) A (
) A (
2
2
2
min
2
max
min
max
= = =
I
I
.
7. Two sources S
1
and S
2
emitting light of wavelength 600 nm are placed a distance 1.0 10
2
cm apart. A
detector can be moved an the line S
1
P which is perpendicular to S
1
S
1
. (a) What would be the minimum and
maximum path difference at the detector as it is moved along the line S
1
P? (b) Locate the position of the
farthest minimum detected.
Sol.
d
D
P
S
2
S
1
(a) The situation is shown in figure. The path difference is maximum when the detector is just at the position
of S
1
and its value is equal to d = 1.0 10
2
cm. The path difference is minimum when the detector is at a
large distance from S
1
. The path difference is then close to zero.
(b) The farthest minimum occurs at a point P where the path difference is /2. If S
1
P = D,
S
2
P S
1
P =
2

or,
2 2
d D +
D =
2

or, D
2
+ d
2
=
2
2
D |
.
|

\
|
+
or, d
2
= D =
4
2

or, D =

2
d

=
m 10 600
) m 10 0 . 1 (
9
3 4

150 10
9
m = 1.7 cm.
8. Abeam of light consisting of two wavelengths, 6500 and 5200 is used to obtain slit experiment (1 = 10

10
m). The distance between the slits is 2.0 mm and the distance between the plane of the slits and the
screen is 120 cm. (a) Find the distance of the third bright fringe on the screen from the central maximum for
the wavelength 6500 . (b) What is the least distance fromthe central maximumwhere the bright fringes due
to both the wavelengths coincide?
Sol. (a) The centre of the nth bright fringe is at a distance y =
d
D n
fromthe central maximum. For the 3rd bright
fringe of 6500 ,
y =
m 10 2
m 2 . 1 m 10 6500 3
3
10

= 0.117 cm = 0.12 cm.
(b) Suppose the mth bright fringe of 6500 coincides with the nth bright fringe of 5200 .
Then,
d
D 6500 m
=
d
D 5200 n
or,
n
m
=
6500
5200
=
5
4
.
The minimum values of m and n that satisfy this equation are 4 and 5 respectively. The distance of the 4th
bright fringe of 6500 or the 5th bright fringe of 5200 from the central maximum is
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y =
m 10 2
m 2 . 1 m 10 6500 4
3
10

= 0.156 cm ~ 0.16 cm.
9. Monochromatic light of wavelength 600 nm is used in a Youngs double slit experiment. One of the slits is
covered by a transparent sheet of thickness 1.8 10
5
m made of a material of refractive index 1.6. How
many fringes will shift due to the introduction of the sheet?
Sol. When the light travels through a sheet of thickness t, the optical path travelled is t where is the refractive
index. When one of the slits is covered by the sheet, air is replaced by the sheet and hence, the optical path
changes by ( 1)t. One fringe shifts when the optical path changes by one wavelength. Thus, the number
of fringes shifts when the optical path changes by one wavelength. Thus, the number of fringes shifted due to
the introduction of the sheet is

t ) 1 (
=
18
m 10 600
m 10 8 . 1 ) 1 6 . 1 (
9
5
~

10. White light is incident normally on a glass plate of thickness 0.50 10

5
and index of refraction 1.50. Which
wavelengths in the visible region (400 nm - 700 nm) are strongly reflected by the plate?
Sol. The light of wavelength l is strongly reflected if
2d = |
.
|

\
|
+
2
1
n , .....(i)
where n is a nonnegative integer.
Here, 2d = 2 1.50 0.5 10
6
m
=1.5 10
6
m ....(ii)
Putting l = 400 nm in (i) and using (ii),
1.5 10
6
m =
|
.
|

\
|
+
2
1
n
(400 10
9
m)
or, n = 3.25.
Putting l = 700 nm is (ii),
1.5 10
6
m =
|
.
|

\
|
+
2
1
n
(700 10
9
m)
or, n = 1.66
Thus, within 400 nm to 700 nm the integer n can take the values 2 and 3. Putting these values of n in (i), the
wavelengths become
=
1 n 2
d 4
+

= 600 nm and 429 nm.

Thus, light of wavelengths 429 nm and 600 nm are strongly reflected.
11. Aparallel beamof green light of wavelength 546 nm passes through a slit of width 0.40 mm. The transmitted
light is collected on a screen 40 cm away. Find the distance between the two first order minima.
Sol. The minima occur at an angular deviation u given by b sin u = n, where n is an integer. For the first order
minima, n = 1 so that sin u =
b
D
.
Thus, the minima are formed at a distance
b
D
from the central maximum on its two sides. The separation
between the minima is
b
D 2
=
m 10 40 . 0
m 10 40 m 10 546 2
3
2 9

= 1.1 mm.
Chapter # 17 Light Waves
Page # 9
manishkumarphysics.in
EXERCISE
1. Find the range of frequency of light that is visible to an average human being (400 nm < < 700 nm).
=iiii n- ,ii <ii i =+- ini +izi -ni +i ~i l-i ai- +il (400 nm < < 700 nm)
Ans. 774.3 10
14
Hz- 7.5 10
14
Hz
2. The wavelength of sodium light in air is 589 nm. (a) Find its frequency in air. (b) Find its wavelength in water
(refractive index - 1.33). (c) Find its frequency in water. (d) Find its speed in water.
i n =iln +izi +i -n< 589 nm t (a) i n ~il-i ai- +il (b) n n -n< ai- +il
(~--i+ = 1.33) (c) n n ~il-i ai- +il (d) n n :=+i -in ai- +il
Ans. (a) 5.09 10
14
hz (b) 443 nm (c) 5.09 10
14
Hz (d) 2.25 10
8
m/s.
3. The index of refraction of fused quartz is 1.472 for light of wavelength 400 nm and is 1.452 for light of
wavelength 760 nm. Find the speeds of light of these wavelengths in fused quartz.
400 nm - n< in +izi + ln + +i +i ~- -i + 1.472 t -ii 760 nm- n< in +izi + ln
1.452 t :- -n< i + ln + +i n +izi +i n ai- +il
Ans. 2.04 10
8
m/s, 2.07 10
8
m/s
4. The speed of the yellow light in a certain liquid is 2.4 10
8
m/s. Find the refractive index of the liquid.
i The speed of the yellow light in a certain liquid is 2.4 10
8
m/s. Find the refractive index of the liquid. i
Ans. 1.25
5. Two narrow slits emitting light in phase are separated by a distance of 1.0 cm. The wavelength of the
light is 5.0 10
7
m. The interference pattern is observed on a screen placed at a distance of 1.0 m. (a)
Find the separation between the consecutive maxima. Can you expect to distinguish between these
maxima? (b) Find the separation between the sources which will give a separation of 1.0 mm between
the consecutive maxima.
<i =ni in lz< i (l-+ i- +i < i 1.0 cm t ) n = v+izi l-+n-i t v+izi +i - n< 5.0 10
7
m t 1.0
m +i <i i < l-+i vl- vi-- l+i i-i t (a) <i +nin- -l--ai + i- +i <i ai- +il(
+i ~i t ~izii + =+- t l+ :- -l--ai +i ~nn~nn < i =+ (b) -- = i-i + n +i <i ai- +il(
i <ni- ~li+-n + i- 1.0 mm +i <i <- t HCV_Ch-17_Ex._5
Ans. (a) 0.05 mm (b) 0.50 mm
6. The separation between the consecutive dark fringes in a Youngs double slits experiment is 1.0 mm.
The screen is placed at a distance of 2.5 m from the slits and the separation between the slits is 1.0
mm. Calculate the wavelength of light used for the experiment.
n l,lz< vi n n <i +nin- ~<i-- l+-i + i- +i < i 1.0 mm t lz< i = < + i- +i < i 2.5 m t -ii lz< i
+ i- +i < i 1.0 mm t vi n n v+- v+izi +i - n< -i: HCV_Ch-17_Ex_6
Ans.400 nm
7. In a double slit inteference experiment, the separation between the slits is 1.0 mm, the wavelength of light
used is 5.0 10
7
m and the distance of the screen from the slits is 1.0m. (a) Find the distance of the centre
of the first minimum from the centre of the central maximum. (b) Howmany bright fringes are formed in one
centrimeter width on the screen ?
l,lz< vi n n lz< i + n +i < i 1.0 mm, t -ii v+izi +i -n< 5.0 10
7
ni t lz< i = < + i- +i
<i 1.0 ni t (a) vin l-l--a + +-< = +-<i -l--a + +-< + i- +i <i +i ni-i +il( (b) < +i
1 =nic -ii: n l+--i -n+ini l+- -ni ? HCV_Ch-17_Ex_7
Ans. (a) 0.25mm (b) 20
8. In a Youngs double slits experiment, two narrowvertical slits placed 0.800 mm apart are illuminated by the
same source of yellowlight of wavelength 589 nm. Howfar are the adjacent bright bands in the interference
pattern observed on a screen 2.00 m away ?
n l,l-n i n n . <i -ii = +i l-n 0.800 nm < i ii n: t. :-+i 589 nm -n< in in +izi
+ (+ ti = i - = ~ini l+- l+i ni t 2.00 ni. < l-i- < l-i- l-+i l- n <i +nin- -n+ini l+ i
+ n l+--i <i t`
Ans. 1.47 mm
Chapter # 17 Light Waves
Page # 10
manishkumarphysics.in
9. Find the angular separation between the consecutive bright fringes in a Youngs double slits experiment with
blue-green light of wavelength 500 nm. The separation between the slits is 2.0 10
3
m.
n l,l-n in n. -initi +izi +- l+i ni t l=+i -n< 500 --ini t iilz<i + n
2.0 10
3
ni. ~ -in t <i +nin- -n+ini l+i + n +i ii ~-in ai- +il
Ans. 0.014 degree
10. A source emitting light of wavelengths 480 nm and 600 nm is used in a double slit interference experiment.
The separation between the slits is 0.25 mmand the interference is observed on a screen placed at 150 cm
from the slits. Find the linear separation between the first maximum (next to the central maximum
correspoinding to the two wavelengths.
l,l-n i n n +- +izi = i - 480 nm-ii 600 nm- n< i +i +izi -=l - + ti t l-ni + n ~ -in
0.25 lnni t -ii l-+i l- +i -ii l-ni = 150 = ni < l-i- < l+i i-i t <i -i - n< i + = n-
in. -l--ai +i li+ ~-in (+-<i -l--ai = ~nn -l--ai +i) ai- +il
Ans. 0.72 mm
11. White light is used in a Youngs double slit experiment. Find the minimum order of the violet fringe ( = 400
nm) which overlaps with a red fringe ( = 700 nm).
nl,lz< vi n n =+ < v+izi +i -i n l+i i-i t n-i l+-( = 400 nm) + ln( t - --n +n l-+iln(
t nin l+- ( = 700 nm) =-i-i ti i( HCV_Ch-17_Ex_11
Ans. 7
12. Find the thickness of a plate which will produce a change in optical path equal to half the wavelength of the
light passing through it normally. The refractive index of the plate is .
l+=i l+i +i t ni i: ai- +il. i := ~lin-- ~il-- +izi l+i n it l-+n- -n<
+ ~ii ni- +i +ilzi+ i l-- --- + < l+i +i ~--i+ t
Ans.
) 1 u ( 2

13. A plate of thickness t made of a material of refractive index is placed in front of one of the slits in a dboule
slits experiment. (a) Find the change in the optical path due to introduction of the plate. (b) What should be
the minimum thickness t which will make the intensity at the centre of the fringe pattern zero. Wavelength of
the light used is . Neglect any absorption of light in the plate.
n l,l-n in n (+ l-n + =in- ~- -i+ in <ii +i t ni i: +i l+i i <i i-i t (a) l+i
i- + +ii +ilzi+ i n l- - ai- +il (b) l+i +i - --n ni i: t l+--i ti -i -ilt l+ l+ l-
+ + -< -i -i zi - ti ` +- +izi +i - n< t l+i ,ii +izi +i ~zii ii -n t
Ans. (a) ( 1) t, (b)
) 1 u ( 2

14. Atransparent paper (refractive index = 1.45) of thickness 0.02 mm is pasted on one of the slits of a Youngs
double slit experiment which uses monochromatic light of wavelength 620 nm. Howmany fringes will cross
through the centre if the paper is removed?
n l,l-n i n n 620 nm- n< +i (+ ii +izi +- ti ti t . :=+i (+ l-n + =in- 0.02 mmni i:
+i (+ i<zi+ +in (~- -i+ = 1.45) l-+ii ni t l< t +in ti lni i -i +-< = l+--i l+
i tini`
Ans. 14.5
15. In a Youngs double slit experiment using monochromatic light, the fringe pattern shifts by a certain distance
on the screen when a mica sheet of refractive index 1.6 and thickness 1.964 micron ( 1 micron = 10
6
m) is
introduced in the path of one of the interfering waves. The mica sheet is then removed and the distance
between the screen and the slits is doubled. It is found that the distance between the successive maximum
nowis the sameas the observed fringe-shift uponthe introduction of the micasheet. Calculatethe wavelength
of the monochromatic light used in the experiment.
n l,l-n i n n (+ ii +izi +i i n l+i i ti t . 1.6 ~- -i + ini ~i + +i 1.964 ni:+i - ( 1
ni:+i - = 10
6
ni.) ni i: +i l+i l+= (+ l-+il- - n + nin n i <i i-i t . -i < l+ l- + z
l-lz-- < i = l-iil- ti i-i t ~ ~i + +i l +i ti <i i-i t ( < -ii l-ni + i- +i < i < n-i +
<i i-i t t l-i- l+i i- t l+ ~ <i +nin- -l--ai + i- +i < i ---i ti t . l--i ~i +l +i l
+i- i-- t : ii in n +- (+ii +izi +i -n< +i ni-i +il
Ans. 590 nm
Chapter # 17 Light Waves
Page # 11
manishkumarphysics.in
16. A mica strip and a polysterene strip are fitted on the two slits of a double slit apparatus. The thickness of the
strips is 0.50mmand the separation betweenthe slits is 0.12 cm. The refractiveindex of mica and polysterene
are 1.58 and 1.55 respectively for the light of wavelength 590 nm which is used in the experiment. The
interference is observed on a screen a distance one meter away. (a) What would be the fringe-width? (b) At
what distance from the centre will the first maximum be located?
(+ ~i+ +i l+i -ii (+ iln- +i l+i l,l-n in -+i +i <i-i l-ni nni <i ni t
l+i~i +i nii: 0.50 mm -ii l-ni +i ~--in 0.12 cm t 590 nm - n< + +izi + ln(. i l+ i n
n +- l+i ni ~i + -ii iln- + ~- -i + +nzi 1.58 -ii 1.55 t l-+i l- +i -ii 1 ni. <
l-i- < l+i i ti t (a) l+ ~-in l+--i t` (b) +-< = l+--i < i in -l--a l-i- tini`
Ans. (a) 4.9 10
4
m (b) 0.021 cm on one side and 0.028 cm on the other side
17. Two transparent slabs having equal thickness but different refractive indices
1
and
2
are pasted side by side
to form a composite slab. This slab is placed just after the double slit in a Youngs experiment so that the
light from one slit goes through one material and the light from the other slit goes through one material and
the light fromthe other slit goes through the other material. What should be the minimumnon zero thickness
of the slab so that there is maximum at the point P
0
which is equidistant from the slits ?
=ni- nii: l+-- li--li-- ~--i +
1
(
2
ini <i i<zi + l+i( iz - l-+i + (+ =+- l+i
-ii i-i t t = +- l+i +i n l,l-n i n n l-ni + =in- := +i ii i-i t l+ (+ l-ni +
=in- := +i ii i-i t l+ (+ l-n +i +izi (+ <ii = ti+ n -i t l+i +i ---n nii: l+--i
ti-i -ilt. l== l+ l-ni = =ni- <i l-i- l-< P
0
(+ l-l--a i-- ti`
Ans.
| | 2
2 1

18. Athin paper of thickness 0.02 mm having a refractive index 1.45 is pasted across one of the slits in aYoungs
double slit experiment. The paper transmits 4/9 of the light energy falling on it. (a) Find the ratio of the
maximum intensity in the fringe pattern. (b) How many fringes will cross through the centre if an identical
paper piece is pased on the other slit also? The wavelength of the light used is 600 nm.
0.02 mm nii: + (+ -n +in +i ~--i+ 1.45 t. :=+i n l,l-n in n (+ l-n + =in- l-+i
l<i ni t +in := ~il-- +izi -i +i 4/9 iin inln- + < -i t (a) l+ l- n ~li+-n -i -i
-ii - --n -i -i +i ~- i- ai- +il (b) l< (+ ( =i ti +in l-n ii l-+i l<i i -i + -< = l+--i
l+ i tini` +- +izi +i -n< 600 nm t
Ans. (a) 25 (b) 15
19. AYoungs double slit apparatus has slits separated by 0.28 mm and a screen 48 cmaway fromthe slits. The
whol e apparatus i s i mmersed i n water and the sl its are il l umi nated by the red l ight
( = 700 nm is vacuum). Find the fringe-width of the pattern formed on the screen.
n l,l-n i n n l-ni +i ~ -in 0.28 mmt -ii l-ni = < +i < i 48 = ni t =- i -+i i-i n i
l<i i-i t -ii l-ni +i nin +izi ( = 700 nml-i - n ) = +ilzi- l+i i-i t < -- in l+ l-
+i l+~-in ai- +il
Ans. 0.90 mm
20. Aparallel beam of monochromatic light is used in a Youngs double slit experiment. The siits are separated
by a distance d and the screen is placed parallel to the plane of the slits. Show that if the incident beam
makes an angle u = sin
1
|
.
|

\
|
2d
with the normal to the plane of the slits, there will be a dark fringe at the
centre P
0
of the pattern.
n l,l-n i n n (+ ii +izi +i =ni-- +- l+i i ti t < +i l-ni = < i d t -ii l-ni +
=ni-i - ii t ~i t +- +il l+ l< ~il-- . < + -n ~lin- = u = sin
1
|
.
|

\
|
2d
+i i -i-i t .
-i l+ l- + + -< P
0
+ini l+ i-- tini
21. A narrowslit S transmitting light of wavelength is placed a distance d above a large plane mirror as shown
in figure. The light coming directly fromthe slit and that coming after reflection interfere at a screen E placed
at a distance D from the slit. (a) What will be intensity at a point just above the mirro, i.e., just above O? (b)
At what distance from O does the first maximum occur?
Chapter # 17 Light Waves
Page # 12
manishkumarphysics.in
(+ =+i l-n S = - n< +i +izi inln- ti ti t :=+i l-zii-=i (+ t- =n-n <i = d < i
- ii ni t l-n = ~i ti =iii +izi -ii < i = il- - ti + ~i- ini +izi. l-n = D< i l-i-
< E l-+i --- +- t (a) <i = -- - l-i- l-< ~ii- -- - l-< O. -i-i l+--i
tini` (b) O= l+--i <i in -l--a i-- tini`
Ans. (a) zero (b)
d 4
D
22. Along narrow horizontal slit is placed 1 mm above a horizontal plane mirror. The interference between the
light coming directly from the slit and that after reflection is seen on a screen 1.0 m away from the slit. Find
the fringe-width if the light used has a wavelength of 700 nm.
(+ -i l- =n-n < i = 1 lnni - (+ n-i -i l- l-n ii ni t l-n = 1.0 m< l-i- < . l-n =
=ii ~i- in -ii i- - + z-i- ~i- in +izi n il-+i ti -i t l< +- +izi +i - n< 700 nm
t. l+ -ii: ai- +il
Ans. 0.35 mm
23. Consider the situation of the previous problem. If the mirror reflects only 64%of the light energy falling on it,
what will be the ratio of the maximum to the minimum intensity in the interference pattern observed on the
screen?
lzn z- n li - l-il- l-i +il l< < i := ~il-- +izi -i +i 64%ti il- - +-i t . <
l-i- l-+i l- n ~li+-n -i-i -ii ---n -i-i +i ~-i- l+--i tini`
Ans. 81 : 1
24. A double slit S
1
S
2
in illuminated by a coherent light of wavelength . The slits are separated by a distance
d. Aplane mirror is placed in front of the double slit at a distance D
1
from it and a screen E is placed behind
the double slit at a distance D
2
from it (figure). The screen E receives only the light reflected by the mirror.
Find the fringe-width of the interference pattern on the screen.
(+ l,l-n S
1
S
2
, - n< in +ni =-z +izi = +ilzi- t l-ni + n < i d t l-ni + =in- D
1
< i (+ =n-n < i ii t ~i t -ii l,l-n + iz +i ~i :-= D
2
< i (+ <i E ii t ~i t (l-zi) <i
+n <i = il-- +izi ti nti +-i t < i-- l-- l- +i l+~-in ai- +il
Ans. (2D
1
+ D
2
)/d
25. White coherent light (400 nm-700) is sent through the slits of a Youngs double slit experiment (as shown in
the figure). The separation betweem the slits is 0.5 mm and the screen is 50 cm away from the slits. There
is a hole in the screen at a point 1.0 mmaway (along the width of the fringes) from the central line. (a) Which
wavelength(s) will be absent in the light coming from the hole ? (b) which wavelength(s) will have a strong
intensity?
n l,l-n i n +i l-ni = z - +izi l-n ln- ti -i t l-ni + n ~ -in 0.5 lnni t -ii <i l-ni = 50
= ni < t < + -< i ii = 1.0 mm< (l+ i +i -ii: + ~-l<zi) (+ lz< t (a) lz< = ~i- in +izi
n +i-=i -n< ~-l-i- t` (b) +i-=i -n< (-n<i) +i -i-i n-n t`
Chapter # 17 Light Waves
Page # 13
manishkumarphysics.in
Ans. (a) 400 nm, 667 nm, (b) 500 nm
26. Consider the arrangement showin figure. The distance Dis large compared to the separation d between the
slits. (a) Find the minimum value of d so that there is a dark fringe at O. (b) Suppose d has this value. Find
the distance x at which the next bright fringe is formed. (c) Find the fringe-width.
l-zi n <lzi - -ii l-i +il l-ni + n ~ -in d +i - n-i n < i Dt - ~li+ t (a) d +i t - --n
ni- ai- +il l== O +ini l+ i-- ti (b) ni-i l+ d +i t ni- t t <i x ai- +il . ti ~nni
-n+ini l+ -ni (c) l+ ~-in ai- +il
Ans. (a)
2
D
(b) d (c) 2d
27. Two coherent point sources S
1
and S
2
vibrating in phase emit light of wavelength . The separation between
the sources is 2. Consider a line passing through S
2
and perpendicular to the line S
1
S
2
. What is the
smallest distance from S
2
where a minimum of intensity occurs?
=ni- +ni n +--- + t <i l-< = i- S
1
-ii S
2
-n< +i +izi -=l- + t t =i -i + n <i 2
t S
2
= n - ini -ii S
1
S
2
+ n-- (+ ii l-i +il S
2
= t - --n < i l+--i t . ti - --n
-i -i i-- ti-i t
Ans. 7/12
28. As shown in the figure three equidistant slits being illuminated by a monochromatic parallel bea, of light. Let
BP
0
AP
0
= /3 and D >> . (a) Show that in this case d =
3 / D 2
. (b) Show thast the intensity at P
0
is
three times the intensity due to any of the three slits individually.
l-zi n (+ ii +izi + =ni-i- = +ilzi- =ni- < i l-i- -i- l-n <zii i ni t
ni-i l+ BP
0
AP
0
= /3 -ii D>> t (a) +- +il l+ := l-il- n d =
3 / D 2
t (b) +- +il l+
P
0
-i -i. l+=i (+ ~+ni l-n + +ii -i -i +i -i- n-i t
29. In a Youngs double slit experiment, the separation between the slits = 2.0 mm, the wavelength of the light =
600 nm and the distance of the screen from the slits = 2.0 m. If the intensity at the centre of the central
maximum is 0.20 W/m
2
, what will be the intensity at a point 0.5 cm away from this centre along the width of
the fringes ?
n l,l-n in n . l-ni +i ~-in = 2.0 lnni. +izi +i -n< = 600 nm -ii l-ni = < +i <i = 2.0
ni. t l< +-<i -l--a + +-< -i-i 0.20 ini
2
, t. := +-< =. l+-ii: + ~-l<zi 0.5 =ni <i
l-i- l-< -i-i l+--i tini`
Ans. 0.05 W/m
2
30. If a Youngs double slit interference experiment the fringe pattern is observed on a screen placed at a
distance D from the slits . The slits are separated by the distance d and are illuminated by monochromatic
light of wavelength . Find the distance fromthe central point where the intensity falls to (a) half the maximum,
(b) one fourth of the maximum.
n + l,l-n l-+i i n n l-ni = D<i l-i- < . l+ l- l-i- l+i i-i t l-ni + i-
+i < i d t -ii :-+i - n< in (+ii +izi = +ilzi- l+i ni t + -< i l-< = t < i ai- +il . ti
-i -i +n ti +. ti i-i t (a) ~li+-n +i ~iii, (b) ~li+-n +i (+ -i ii:
Ans. (a)
d 2
D
(b)
d 3
D
Chapter # 17 Light Waves
Page # 14
manishkumarphysics.in
31. In a Youngs double slit experiment = 500 nm, d = 1.0 mm and D = 1.0m. Find the minimum distance from
the central maximum from the central maximum for which the intensity is half of the maximum intensity.
n l,l-n in n = 500 nm , d = 1.0 mm -ii D= 1.0 m. t +-<i -l--a = t ---n <i ai- +il.
l=+ ln -i -i. ~li+-n -i -i +i ~iii t
Ans. 1.25 10
4
m
32. The linewidth of a bright fringe is sometimes defined as the separation between the points on the two sides
of the central line where the intensity falls to half the maximum. Find the linewidth of a bright finge in a
Youngs double slit experiment in terms of , d and D where the symbols have their usual meanings.
+ii+ii -n+ini l+ +i li+ -i i: := +i liili- +i i-i t l+ ''l+ +i -i i: + -< i ii + <i -i ~i
-- l-< ~i + i- +i < i t . ti -i -i ~li+-n +i ~iii t i-i t '' n + l,l-n i n n , d -ii D+ <i
n -n+ini l+ +i li+ -i i: ai- +il ti = + -i +i =ini- ~i t
Ans.
d 2
D
33. Consider the situation shown in figure. The two slits S
1
and S
2
placed symmetrically around the central line
are illuminated by a monochromatic light of wavelength . The separation between the slits is d. The light
transmitted by the slits falls on a screen E
1
placed at a distance D from the slits. The slit S
3
is at the central
line and the slit S
4
is at a distance z from S
3
. another screen E
2
is placed a further distance D away from E
1
.
Find the ratio of the maximum to minimum intensity observed on E
2
if z is equal to -
l-zi n <lzi- l-il- l-i +il +-< i ii = =nln- ii t : <i l-n S
1
-ii S
2
, - n< in (+ii
+izi = +ilzi- t l-ni + n < i d t l-ni = l-n ln- +izi. :-= D< i i t ( < E
1
~il-- ti -i
t l-n S
3
+-<i ii t -ii S
3
= z <i l-n S
4
l-i- t E
1
= D<i (+ ~- <i E
2
ii ni t
E
2
i-- ~li+-n -ii ---n -i -i~i +i ~-i- ai- +il l< z - - t :
(a)
d
D
(b)
d 4
D
(c) z =
d 2
D
Ans. (a) 1 (b) (c) 34
34. Consider the arrangement shown in figure. By some mechanism, the separation between the slits S
3
and S
4
can be changed. The intensity is measured at the point P which is at the common perpendicular bisector of
S
1
S
2
and S
3
S
4
. When z =
d 2
D
, the intensity measured at P is I. Find this intensity when z is equal to
l-zi n <lzi - -ii l-i +il l+=i i lzi+ -ii = l-ni S
3
S
4
+ n +i ~ -in ll- - l+i i
=+-i t -i -i +i ni- P l+i i-i t . i S
1
S
2
-ii S
3
S
4
z =
d 2
D
, t . P nii ni -i -i I t := -i -i
+i ni- +il. z +i ni- t :
(a)
d
D
(b)
d 2
D 3
and (c)
d
D 2
Ans. (a) zero (b) I (C) 2I
35. Asoap film of thickness 0.0011 mm appears dark when seen by the reflected light of wavelength 580 nm.
What is the index of refraction of the soap solution, if it is known to be between 1.2 and 1.5?
0.0011 lnni ni i: ini =i - +i l+-n 580 --i ni - n< in il-- +izi n +ini l<ii: < -i t =i - +
Chapter # 17 Light Waves
Page # 15
manishkumarphysics.in
iin +i ~- -i+ l+--i t. l< t ai- ti l+ :=+i ni- 1.2 -ii 1.5 + i- n t `
Ans. 1.32
36. A parallel beam of light of wavelength 560 nm falls on a thin film of oil (refractive index = 1.4). What should
be the minimum thickness of the film so that it strongly reflects the light?
560 nm - n< ini (+ +izi . -n +i (+ -ni l+-n (~--i + = 1.4) ~il-- t l+-n +i ---n
nii: l+--i ti l+ t +izi +i n-n = il-- + `
Ans. 100 nm
37. A parallel beam of white light is incident normally on a water film 1.0 10
4
cm thick. Find the wavelength in
the visible range (400 nm-700 nm) which are strongly transmitted by the film. Refractive index of water =
1.33.
i-i +i 1.0 10
4
= ni ni i l+-n z - +izi +i =ni-i - ~lin-- ~il-- t < z +izi i= (400 nm-
700 nm) n l+-n ,ii -i-in ~l-- - n< ai- +il i-i +i ~--i + = 1.33
Ans. 443 nm, 532 nm and 666 nm
38. A glass surface is coated by an oil film of uniform thickness 1.00 10
4
cm. The index of refraction of the oil
is 1.25 and that of the glass is 1.50. find the wavelengths of light in the visible region (400nm-750nm) which
are weakly transmitted by the oil film under normal incidence.
+i- +i =-t (+ =ni- nii: 1.00 10
4
=ni +i -n - nni <i n: t -n +i ~--i+ 1.25 -ii +i-
+i 1.50 t < z +izi -i zi (400 nm- 750nm) n +izi +i -- - n< i + ni- ai- +il . i ~lin-- ~i--
+i l-il- n -nl+-n = i-i inln- ti ini
Ans. 455 nm, 556 nm, 714 nm
39. Plane microwaves are incident on a long slit having a width of 5.0 cm. Calculate the wavelength of the
microwaves if the first diffraction minimum is formed at u = 30.
5.0 = ni -i i: +i (+ n-i l-n =n-n =-n- n ~il-- t l< in l-- l-l--a u = 30 i-- ti-i
t. -i =-n-ni +i -n< +i ni-i +il
Ans. 2.5 cm
40. Light of wavelength 560 nm goes through a pinhole of diameter 0.20 mm and falls on a wall at a distance of
2.00 m. What will be the radius of the central bright spot formed on the wall?
560 nm -n< +i +izi 0.20 mm lzii + =-ilz< (pinhole) = n+ 2.00 ni < l-i- <ii ~il--
ti-i t <ii -- in +-< i -n+in i +i lzii l+--i tini`
Ans. 1.37 cm
41. A convex lens of diameter 8.0 cm is used to focus a parallel beam of light of wavelength 620 nm. If the light
be focused at a distance of 20 cm fromthe lens, what would be the radius of the central bright spot formed?
620 nm - n< in +izi + =ni-i - +i +i +l=- +- + ln 8.0 = ni i= in --in n = +i -i n l+i
i-i t. l< +izi n = = 20 =ni < +i +l=- ti -i t . -- in + -< i -n+in i +i lzii l+--i ti ni`
Ans. 3.8 10
6
m