NATIONAL RIVER

NATIONAL RIVER
CONSERVATION PLAN
CONSERVATION PLAN
MinistryofEnvironment&Forests
March15,2010

45,000kmofriverinelength 45,000kmofriverinelength

12 major river basins, 46 12 major river basins, 46

medium river basins, 14 minor medium river basins, 14 minor
anddesertriverbasins anddesertriverbasins

Ganga Basin: largest, lies in Ganga Basin: largest, lies in

11States 11States

Lifelineofthepeople Lifelineofthepeople

Closelylinkedwithculture Closelylinkedwithculture
andtradition andtradition
Rivers in India
Rivers in India
Main Water Quality Threats
Main Water Quality Threats

WaterScarcity WaterScarcity
Distributionofrainfall Distributionofrainfall
Over Over exploitationofwaterresources exploitationofwaterresources

PathogenicPollution PathogenicPollution

Oxygendepletion Oxygendepletion

Salinity Salinity

Toxicity Toxicity
Major Cause for Water Quality Degradation Major Cause for Water Quality Degradation
PointSourcesofPollution PointSourcesofPollution
l l DomesticWastewater DomesticWastewater
l l IndustrialWastewater IndustrialWastewater
Non Non PointSourcesofPollution PointSourcesofPollution
l l RuralandSlumPopulation,opendefecation,garbageetc RuralandSlumPopulation,opendefecation,garbageetc
l l AgriculturalRun AgriculturalRun off off
l l Half Half burntbodies burntbodies
l l Stormwater Stormwater
l l Cattlewallowing Cattlewallowing
l l DepositionofAirpollutants DepositionofAirpollutants
Main Sources of Pollution
Main Sources of Pollution
DISPOSAL
OF DEAD
BODIES &
ANIMAL
CARCASSES
OPEN
DEFECATION
&
CATTLE
WALLOWING
RUNOFF
FROM SOLID &
MEDICAL
WASTES &
AGRICULTRAL
FIELDS
NON NON
POINT POINT
SOURCES SOURCES
30%
MUNICIPALSEWAGE MUNICIPALSEWAGE
INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTION POLLUTION
70%
POINTSOURCES POINTSOURCES
Magnitude of the Problem
Magnitude of the Problem
Around 33,000 mld domestic wastewater Around 33,000 mld domestic wastewater
generatedfromclassI&IItowns generatedfromclassI&IItowns
Generation of sewage increasing rapidly with Generation of sewage increasing rapidly with
growthinurbanpopulation growthinurbanpopulation
Sewage treatment capacity of only 7000 mld Sewage treatment capacity of only 7000 mld
exists,ofwhich4000mldcreatedunderNRCP exists,ofwhich4000mldcreatedunderNRCP
Present sanctioned schemes of NRCP would Present sanctioned schemes of NRCP would
add2000mldleavingaverylargegap add2000mldleavingaverylargegap
15438
10852
2033
33000
6600
5200
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
Wastewatergen(mld) BODGeneration(t/d) BODDischarge(t/d)
Comparisonofpollutionloadgenerationfrom
domesticandindustrialsources
Industrial Domestic
S.
No
Level of
Pollution
Pollution
Criteria
Riverine
length
(Km.)
Riverine
length
(percentage)
1. Severely
polluted
BOD more
than 6 mg/l
6086 14
2. Moderately
polluted
BOD 3-6
mg/l
8691 19
3. Relatively
clean
BOD less
than 3 mg/l
30242 67
Water Quality Status of Rivers
Water Quality Status of Rivers
Analysis of 10 years data with respect to BOD values as indicator of organic pollution

Minimum ecological flows important for Minimum ecological flows important for
biodiversity,aquaticlife,and biodiversity,aquaticlife,andwaterquality waterquality

Competing demands for irrigation, drinking Competing demands for irrigation, drinking
water,industriesandpower water,industriesandpower

Largescaleabstractionfor Largescaleabstractionfor

hydroelectricprojectsinupperreaches hydroelectricprojectsinupperreaches

canalsincentralplainsforirrigation canalsincentralplainsforirrigation
Diminishing flows
Diminishing flows
v v Pollutionabatementworksinmajorriversinthecountry Pollutionabatementworksinmajorriversinthecountry
commencedwiththelaunchingofGangaActionPlan commencedwiththelaunchingofGangaActionPlan
Phase Phase Iin1985 Iin1985
v v GAP GAP IextendedasGAP IextendedasGAP IIin IIin
1993tocovershortfalland 1993tocovershortfalland
Gomti,Yamuna,Mahananda Gomti,Yamuna,Mahananda
andDamodarrivers andDamodarrivers
v v Programmebroadbasedin Programmebroadbasedin
1995toincludeothermajor 1995toincludeothermajor
riversandrenamedNRCP riversandrenamedNRCP
National River Conservation Plan
National River Conservation Plan
Ganga Project Directorate (GPD) set up in MoEF in
1985 for coordinating implementation of Ganga
ActionPlan
NRCD evolved out of Ganga Project Directorate in
1996asmoreriverstakenupforconservation
NRCD entrusted with implementation of NRCP &
NLCP
Organizational Structure of NRCD headed by
Project Director, and consists mostly of technical
officers
National River Conservation Directorate National River Conservation Directorate
River Action Plans
River Action Plans
Objectives: Objectives: Reduction of pollution load Reduction of pollution load
intoriverthroughschemesof: intoriverthroughschemesof:

interception&diversionofsewage interception&diversionofsewage

sewagetreatment sewagetreatment

crematoria(electric&improvedwood) crematoria(electric&improvedwood)

lowcostsanitation lowcostsanitation

riverfrontdevelopment riverfrontdevelopment

afforestation afforestation

publicparticipation publicparticipation
v Initially100%fundingbyCentre
v From 1993, equal sharing of funds between
CentreandStates
v 100%bytheCentrewitheffectfrom1.4.1997
v projectsapprovedafterMarch2001arebeing
fundedon70:30costsharingbasis
v Operation and maintenance (O&M) of assets
created is the responsibility of the State
Government/ULB
v v Initially100%fundingbyCentre Initially100%fundingbyCentre
v v From 1993, equal sharing of funds between From 1993, equal sharing of funds between
CentreandStates CentreandStates
v v 100%bytheCentrewitheffectfrom1.4.1997 100%bytheCentrewitheffectfrom1.4.1997
v v projectsapprovedafterMarch2001arebeing projectsapprovedafterMarch2001arebeing
fundedon70:30costsharingbasis fundedon70:30costsharingbasis
v v Operation and maintenance (O&M) of assets Operation and maintenance (O&M) of assets
created is the responsibility of the State created is the responsibility of the State
Government/ULB Government/ULB
Funding Pattern
Funding Pattern
Funding Pattern

Town centric, focussed on Town centric, focussed on interception, interception,

diversionandtreatmentschemes diversionandtreatmentschemes

Investment of Rs 900 crore treatment Investment of Rs 900 crore treatment

capacity of around 1000 mld created in 73 capacity of around 1000 mld created in 73
towns towns

Despite industrial & urban growth, BOD Despite industrial & urban growth, BOD
andDOvaluesatmostlocationsimproved andDOvaluesatmostlocationsimproved
Ganga Action Plan
Ganga Action Plan

25 towns of U.P., Bihar, 25 towns of U.P., Bihar,

WestBengalcovered WestBengalcovered

Amount spent Amount spent Rs. 452 Rs. 452

crore. crore.

869 million litres per day 869 million litres per day
(mld) sewage treatment (mld) sewage treatment
capacitycreated capacitycreated
STP at
Kolkata
Ganga Action Plan Phase
Ganga Action Plan Phase


I
I

Sanctionedcost Sanctionedcost Rs.2367.11crore Rs.2367.11crore

Schemessanctioned Schemessanctioned 701 701

Schemescompleted Schemescompleted 544 544

Amountspent Amountspent Rs.1612.38crore Rs.1612.38crore

Ganga Action Plan Phase
Ganga Action Plan Phase


II
II
Physical Progress
Physical Progress
S.No. Item Target Achievement
GangaActionPlanPhaseI Expenditure:Rs.452crores
1. Noofschemes 261 260
2. Treatmentcapacity 882mld(35STPs) 869mld(34STPs)
3. No.ofInterception&
Diversionschemes
88 88
4. No.ofLowCostSanitation
schemes
43 43
5. No.ofCrematoriaschemes 28 28
6. No.ofRiverFront
Developmentschemes
35 35
GangaActionPlanPhaseII Expenditure:Rs.437.53crores
1. Noofschemes 322 218
2. Treatmentcapacity 281mld(38STPs) 156mld(24STPs)
3. No.ofInterception&
Diversionschemes
120 67
4. No.ofLowCostSanitation
schemes
26 24
5. No.ofCrematoriaschemes 19 9
6. No.ofRiverFront
Developmentschemes
49 35

Statescovered Statescovered 20 20

Townscovered Townscovered 167 167

Riverscovered Riverscovered 38 38

Sanctionedcost Sanctionedcost Rs.4691.55crore Rs.4691.55crore

ofschemes ofschemes

Expenditure Expenditure Rs.3521.85crore Rs.3521.85crore

Present Coverage of NRCP
Present Coverage of NRCP
Cumulative Status of NRCP
Cumulative Status of NRCP
(Physical)
(Physical)
Schemessanctioned Schemessanctioned 1085nos. 1085nos.
Schemescompleted Schemescompleted 802nos. 802nos.
STPcapacitysanctioned STPcapacitysanctioned 4246mld 4246mld
STPcapacitycreated STPcapacitycreated 3095mld* 3095mld*
* Adding 869 mld capacity created under GAP * Adding 869 mld capacity created under GAP I, an I, an
aggregate treatment capacity of 3964 mld has aggregate treatment capacity of 3964 mld has
beencreatedsofar beencreatedsofar
S.No. NameofRiver No.oftowns
covered
Sanctioned
Cost(Crore)
Expenditure
(Crore)
STPCapacity
Created(mld)
1 Adyar 1 404.25 380.74 264.00
2 Cooum
3 Beehar 1 19.44 1.69
4 Betwa 3 8.23 5.63 15.20
5 Bhadra 1 3.77 4.14 5.83
6 Brahmini 4 84.70 43.19
7 Cauvery 13 269.10 261.57 151.93
8 Chambal 3 154.06 3.58 9.00
9 DiphuandDhansiri 1 31.74
10 Damodar 12 4.40 4.29 13.17
11 Ganga 59 635.66 404.40 155.95
12 Godavari 7 118.98 112.61 185.46
13 Gomti 3 318.79 276.57 47.00
14 Khan 1 40.19 39.56 90.00
15 Krishna 2 28.74 21.95 28.00
16 Kshipra 1 18.05 17.33 55.46
17 Mahanadi 1 8.04 8.04 33.00
18 Mandakini 1 6.20
19 Mandovi 1 14.10 10.92 12.50
National River Conservation Plan
National River Conservation Plan
S.No. NameofRiver No.oftowns
covered
SanctionedCost
(Crore)
Expenditure
(Crore)
STPCapacity
Created(mld)
20 Mahananda 1 54.88 18.03
21 Musi 1 335.66 314.85 542.00
22 Narmada 2 14.33 3.31
23 Pamba 1 18.44 1.47
24 Panchganga 1 74.29
25 Pennar 1 46.27 35.94
26 Ranichi 3 37.39 14.67
27 Sabarmati 1 101.96 95.08 232.00
28 Satluj 6 215.68 293.06 413.20
29 Subarnrekha 3 3.76 0.98
30 Tapti 1 4.81 3.88 6.00
31 Tapi 1 2.44
32 Tunga 1 3.70 2.60
33 Tungabhadra 2 7.16 6.22 28.29
34 Tamrabarani 1 54.93 54.27 24.20
35 Vennar 1 62.75 63.31 28.05
36 Vaigai 1 130.24 107.95
37 Wainganga 3 1.01 0.94 1.95
38 Yamuna 21 1353.37 909.08 753.25
National River Conservation Plan
National River Conservation Plan
Experience with NRCP: Mixed Success Experience with NRCP: Mixed Success

Visible improvement lacking, coliform levels Visible improvement lacking, coliform levels
unacceptablyhigh unacceptablyhigh

In critically polluted stretches, BOD values In critically polluted stretches, BOD values
donotmeetbathingwaterqualitystandards donotmeetbathingwaterqualitystandards

Counterfactual but for NRCP, problem Counterfactual but for NRCP, problem
would have gotten worse further would have gotten worse further
deteriorationarrested deteriorationarrested

Step in right direction, inadequate Step in right direction, inadequate

investment,resourcesthinlyspread investment,resourcesthinlyspread
Shortcomings
Shortcomings

Town centric, focussed on Town centric, focussed on interception, interception,

diversionandtreatmentschemes diversionandtreatmentschemes

Implementationslow Implementationslow

sub sub optimalutilizationofassets optimalutilizationofassets

WeakenforcementbyStatePollutionControl WeakenforcementbyStatePollutionControl
Boards Boards

Lackofcivilsocietyinvolvement Lackofcivilsocietyinvolvement

Hugetreatmentcapacitydeficit Hugetreatmentcapacitydeficit

Focused attention required on critically Focused attention required on critically

polluted stretches e.g. Kannauj to Varanasi polluted stretches e.g. Kannauj to Varanasi
onGanga onGanga

Tackling non Tackling non point sources point sources (agricultural (agricultural
runoff, solid wastes, cattle runoff, solid wastes, cattle wallowing, idol wallowing, idol
immersions,etc.) immersions,etc.)andfecalcoliform andfecalcoliform

Restoringnaturalecosystemoftherivers Restoringnaturalecosystemoftherivers
Challenges
Challenges

Technical,managerial&financialconstraints Technical,managerial&financialconstraints
ofULBs&implementingorganizations ofULBs&implementingorganizations

Strengthening capacity of SPCBs to address Strengthening capacity of SPCBs to address

weakcompliance&enforcement weakcompliance&enforcement

Community involvement for improved Community involvement for improved

sanitation sanitation

Augment flows through water conservation, Augment flows through water conservation,
reuseoftreatedwastewater,storageprojects reuseoftreatedwastewater,storageprojects
Challenges
Challenges
Challenges
Challenges

Industrialhotspotsalongtherivers Industrialhotspotsalongtherivers

Concentration of polluting industries : Concentration of polluting industries :

Sugar, distilleries, paper, tanneries, Sugar, distilleries, paper, tanneries,
chemical,etc chemical,etc

30% by volume, toxic and non 30% by volume, toxic and non
biodegradable biodegradable

Major problem with small scale Major problem with small scale
industries lack of common effluent industries lack of common effluent
treatmentfacilities treatmentfacilities
New Initiative: NGRBA
New Initiative: NGRBA

Constituted on 20.02.2009. Joint Centre Constituted on 20.02.2009. Joint Centre

State structure. Empowered under State structure. Empowered under EPA. EPA.
Chaired by PM. Includes CMs. Strong Chaired by PM. Includes CMs. Strong
presenceofexpertsandcivilsociety presenceofexpertsandcivilsociety

Planning, financing, monitoring & Planning, financing, monitoring &

coordinating body. implementation through coordinating body. implementation through
StatesandSPVs StatesandSPVs
Functions of NGRBA
Functions of NGRBA

Developmentofriverbasinmanagementplan Developmentofriverbasinmanagementplan

Planning, financing and execution of Planning, financing and execution of

programme for abatement of pollution in the programme for abatement of pollution in the
riverGanga riverGanga

Maintenanceofminimumecologicalflows Maintenanceofminimumecologicalflows

Creation of special purpose vehicles, as Creation of special purpose vehicles, as

appropriate appropriate

Promotionofwaterconservationpractices Promotionofwaterconservationpractices
How new approach is different
How new approach is different

EmpoweredAuthority EmpoweredAuthority

Shiftfromtowncentrictoriverbasinapproach Shiftfromtowncentrictoriverbasinapproach

Integratedapproach,nostandaloneinvestment Integratedapproach,nostandaloneinvestment

Sewerage infrastructure, catchment area Sewerage infrastructure, catchment area

treatment, tackling industrial effluents, river treatment, tackling industrial effluents, river
frontdevelopment frontdevelopment

DovetailingwithJNNURM&UIDSSMTschemes DovetailingwithJNNURM&UIDSSMTschemes

Emphasisonminimumecologicalflows Emphasisonminimumecologicalflows

ApexCouncilchairedbyPM ApexCouncilchairedbyPM

Standing Committee under Finance Standing Committee under Finance

Minister Minister

Empowered Steering Committee fast track Empowered Steering Committee fast track
projectapprovalmechanism projectapprovalmechanism

StateRiverConservationAuthorities StateRiverConservationAuthorities

ImplementationbyStates,ULBsandSPVs ImplementationbyStates,ULBsandSPVs
Institutional Redesign
Institutional Redesign

Developmentofriverbasinmanagementplan Developmentofriverbasinmanagementplan

MissionCleanGanga MissionCleanGanga
Nountreatedsewageorindustrial effluentstoflow Nountreatedsewageorindustrial effluentstoflow
intoGangaby2020 intoGangaby2020
Estimatedinvestment of Rs 15,000 croreover next Estimatedinvestment of Rs 15,000 croreover next
10yearsrequired 10yearsrequired

Identifyinginitialportfolioofprojects Identifyinginitialportfolioofprojects

StateGovernmentspreparingDPRs StateGovernmentspreparingDPRs
Action Program
Action Program
Finance
Finance

Centre and States committed to provide Centre and States committed to provide
requiredresourcesforMissionCleanGanga requiredresourcesforMissionCleanGanga

Rs 100 crore provided in the FY 2009 Rs 100 crore provided in the FY 2009 10, and 10, and
Rs500crorefortheFY2010 Rs500crorefortheFY2010 11 11

13 13
th th
Finance Commission approached to help Finance Commission approached to help
meetO&Mneeds meetO&Mneeds

Externalfinance Externalfinance WorldBank,JICA WorldBank,JICA

PrivatecapitalthroughPPPinSPVs PrivatecapitalthroughPPPinSPVs
Engagement with World Bank
Engagement with World Bank
WorldBankhasin WorldBankhasin principleagreedto principleagreedto

supportNGRBAasapriorityproject supportNGRBAasapriorityproject

mobilize initial funds for creation of a world mobilize initial funds for creation of a world
class executive, knowledge base and Basin class executive, knowledge base and Basin
ManagementPlan ManagementPlan

mobilize substantial resources for a major mobilize substantial resources for a major
investmentprogram investmentprogram

Projectsbasedoncomprehensiveapproach Projectsbasedoncomprehensiveapproach

PPP models proposed in States for better PPP models proposed in States for better
implementation implementation

TripartiteMemorandumofAgreement TripartiteMemorandumofAgreement

Project appraisal by reputed independent Project appraisal by reputed independent

institutions institutions
Measures for Improving Outcomes
Measures for Improving Outcomes

Empowered State River Conservation Empowered State River Conservation

Authorities Authorities

Third party evaluation by independent Third party evaluation by independent

institutions institutions

City City levelcitizencommittees levelcitizencommittees

Communitymobilization Communitymobilization
Measures for Improving Outcomes
Measures for Improving Outcomes

Water Quality Monitoring by reputed Water Quality Monitoring by reputed

institutionslikeIITs institutionslikeIITs

Online data transmission, public access to Online data transmission, public access to
WQM data, additional parameters & bio WQM data, additional parameters & bio
indicatorstobeincluded indicatorstobeincluded

Research Advisory Committee set up to Research Advisory Committee set up to

encourageInnovativetechnologies encourageInnovativetechnologies
Measures for Improving Outcomes
Measures for Improving Outcomes
Vision
Vision

Gaumukh to Ganga Gaumukh to Ganga

Sagar:acleanriver Sagar:acleanriver

Return of Gangetic Return of Gangetic

DolphinsatSangam DolphinsatSangam
(Gangetic Dolphins are (Gangetic Dolphins are
facing extinction, only facing extinction, only
few hundreds survive, few hundreds survive,
apex of the food chain of apex of the food chain of
Gangaecosystem) Gangaecosystem)
Thank You
Thank You