1.

The Reliability of a test refers to how consistently it measure a specifc

learning. A reliable test produces constant results. Whereas, the Validity of a
test refers to how well it quantify or measure what it was supposed to
measure. n other words, tests should ha!e an easy to understand goals.
". A portfolio assessement is a systematic and purposeful gathering of
student wor# that showcase the student$s achie!ements and de!elopment.
The main goal of this assessment tool is to help the students on how to
elaborate their s#ills and to ma#e trac# of their learning achie!ements.
The following are the ad!antages of %ortfolio Assessment &Venn, '. "((()
*it promotes student$s self+e!aluation, re,ection and critical thin#ing.
*it enables teachers and students to share the responsibility for setting
learning goals and for e!aluating progress toward meeting those goals.
*it faciliates cooperati!e learning acti!ities, including peer e!aluation and
tutoring, cooperati!e learning groups and peer conferencing.
*it enables measurement of multiple dimensions of student progress by
including di-erent types of data and materials.
.. Rubrics are scoring tool that e/plicitly represents the performance
e/pectations for an assignment or piece of wor#. t is usually a one or two
page document that describes !arying le!els of quality, from e/cellent to
poor, for a specifc assignment. t is usually used with a relati!ely comple/
assignment, such as a long+term pro0ect, an essay, or a research paper. ts
purposes are to gi!e students informati!e feedbac# about their wor#s in
progress and to gi!e detailed e!aluations of their fnal products.
1sing rubrics, most particularly an analytical rubric, to assess a student
learning and achie!ement is !ery important because it pro!ide students with
more informati!e feedbac# about their strengths and areas in need of
impro!ement than traditional forms of assessment do.
2. Traditional Assessment focuses on measuring the student$s theoretical
#nowledge of a particular topic. 3n the other hand, Authentic Assessment
focus on measuring the student$s learning using real+life applications. n
short, Authentic Assessment is an outcome+based approach.
4. %3RT5363 A7787798:T 7 937T 178516 53R;
*8!aluating programs that ha!e ,e/ible or indi!iduali<ed goals or outcomes.
5or e/ample, within a program with the general purpose of enhancing
children$s social s#ills, some indi!idual children may need to become less
aggressi!e while other shy children may need to become more asserti!e.
8ach child$s portfolio asseessment would be geared to his or her indi!idual
needs and goals.
*Allowing indi!iduals and programs in the community &those being e!aluated)
to be in!ol!ed in their own change and decisions to change.
*%ro!iding information that gi!es meaningful insight into beha!ior and related
change. =ecause portfolio assessment emphasi<es the process of change or
growth, at multiple points in time, it may be easier to see patterns.
*%ro!iding a tool that can ensure communication and accountability to a
range of audiences. %articipants, their families, funders, and members of the
community at large who may not ha!e much sophistication in interpreting
statistical data can often appreciate more !isual or e/periential >e!idence> of
success.
*Allowing for the possibility of assessing some of the more comple/ and
important aspects of many constructs &rather than 0ust the ones that are
easiest to measure).
?. n grading an essay type of test, being ob0ecti!e is a ma0or challenge to
teachers. n my opinion, using >rubrics> in grading an essay will i#ely
decrease the sub0ecti!ity of teachers by means of pro!iding criterions to be
measured. This will also ma#e the grading system as consistent as possible,
ma#ing the results reliable.
@. The diAculty of test items are being measured by the use of a BiAculty
nde/. This inde/ aid teachers to >calculate the proportion of students who
answered the test item accurately. &5CT)>
To get the diAculty inde/, the following formula should be utili<ed;
:umber of students who choose the correct answer
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
The :umber of total students who too# the test
As a general rule, if the item diAculty is more than .@4, it is an easy item. 3n
the other hand, if the item diAculty is less than ."4, it is a diAcult item.
Beterming the inde/ of diAculty will gi!e the teacher an oppurtunity to
identfy which items or topics are needing emphasis in classroom discussions.
E. 3bser!ational data can help teachers in determining the student$s
capabilitiesF therefore, teachers can ad0ust learning acti!ities and topics to
help children cope up according to hisGher pace.
H. A learning tas# is said to be authentic if it has the following features;
*rele!ance to the real world
*opportunity to collaborate
*competing solutions and di!ersity of outcomes
*leading students to in!estigate and apply theories in the real world
*allows multiple interpretations
*Aligns with classroom instruction
*=ased on clear criteria gi!en to students
1(. n this day ang age, where practical s#ills are more !aluabe than theories,
the use of authentic assessment method in the classroom should be
encouraged for the following reasons;
*it legitimi<es learning by completing it in a real+world conte/t
*it allows collaboration among students, teachers and community
*it prepares the students for the >real world>