E3 E3--E4 (E&WS) E4 (E&WS)

NGSDH CONCEPTS NGSDH CONCEPTS

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MIGRATION TOWARDS NGSDH
Since the turn of 20th century, Telecommunication
has shifted from the traditional voice transport to data
transport, although digitized voice is still a large
Contributor in revenue share.
In order to enable the additional data related
transport the need of time to migrate towards NGSDH
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REVIEW OF SDH
The SDH MUXs were designed to transport the
voice signals.
Because of their nature of multiplexing they are
referred as Time Division Multiplexers.
An additional advantage of design of SDH is its
multiplexing structure, where PDH tributary signals
are mapped as payload into containers.
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REVIEW OF SDH (Continued)
The original set of payload container for the SDH set
of virtual Containers are VC-4, VC-3 and VC-12.
These containers provide a wide range of payload
capacities from 2 Mbit/s up to 149.76 Mbits /s.
These available payload sizes containers were
sufficient to transport PDH multiplexes from 2.488
Mbit/s (E1) up to the 139.264 Mbit/s (E4) .
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SDH INITIAL MUX STRUCTURE
CC
Pointer processing multiplexing
Aligning
Mapping
DS1
E1
DS2 E3/DS3
E4
C-11
C-12 C-2
C-3
C-4
VC-11 VC-12 VC-2
VC-3
TU-11
TU-12
TU-2
TU-3
TUG-2
TUG-3
VC-4
AU-4
AUG-1
STM-1
x4
x3
x1
x7
x1
x
3
x3
x1
x1
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REVIEW OF SDH (Continued)
These containers along with their own timing
information and OA&M overhead are transported as
independent virtual containers in SDH network.
The multiplex structure of SDH is also designed to
take care of higher order multiplexers to meet the
demand of transporting more and more payload.
To take care of the demand of further increased
bandwidth the concept of Concatenation was
introduced.
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To meet the demand of higher SDH multiplexing,
ITU-T has extended the concept of existing
multiplexes structures.
Similar to PDH multiplexing schemes, each next
higher order Multiplexer in SDH has a four times
larger payload transport Capacities than the previous
multiplex.
The payload capacities of these new higher
multiplexes can also be used to transport a single
contiguous payload container.
This methodology is called Concatenation.
PAYLOAD CONTAINER CONCATINATION
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SDH EXTENDED MUX STRUCTURE
CC
Pointer processing multiplexing
Aligning
Mapping
DS1
E1
DS2 E3/DS3
E4
C-11
C-12 C-2
C-3
C-4
VC-11
VC-
12
VC-2
VC-3
TU-11 TU-12 TU-2
TU-
3
TUG-2
TUG-3
VC-4
AU-4
AUG-
1
STM-1
x4
x
3
x1
x7
x1
x
3
x3
x1
x1
C-4-4c C-4-
16c
C-4-64C C-4-256C
VC-4-4c VC-4-16c VC-4-64c VC-4-256c
AU-4-4c AU-4-16c AU-4-64c AU-4-256c
AUG-4
AUG-16
AUG-64
AUG-256
STM-4 STM-16 STM-64 STM-256
x4
x4
x4
x4
x4
x1 x1
x1
x1
x1 x1 x1
x1
Contiguous Concatenation
Higher order multiplexes
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THE STATUS TODAY
SDH- is the deployed technology in the core network
with huge investments in capacity!
Ethernet - is the dominant technology of choice at
LANs and well known at all enterprises worldwide!
Data traffic is still growing, but only at a slower speed
than expected
All network topologies focusing on a IP/Ethernet
ONLY approach are shifted to long-term future.
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Mass market Carrier Class market
Asynchronous Synchronous
Dynamic Bandwidth Fixed Bandwidth
Connection less Connection oriented
Best Effort Service High Quality of Service
ETHERNET VS. SDH
Ethernet SDH
How to solve all these challenges?
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THE FUTURE TODAY:
Bring SDH and Ethernet together!
This requirements leads towards
Next Generation SDH
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SONET/
SDH
S
O
N
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T


M
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/
D
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M
U
X
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I
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s
NEXT GENERATION SDH
Edge
?
Thats New SDH Thats New SDH Thats New SDH Thats New SDH
VC
Virtual
Concatenation
LCAS
Link
Capacity
Adjustment
Scheme
GFP
Generic
Frame
Procedure
LAPS
Ethernet
Ficon
Escon
Fibre
Channel
Edge
Core Adaptation
Customer Operator
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NEXT-GENERATION SDH
Key feature: Data transport over SDH
Data (e.g. Ethernet) interfaces on SDH
Flexible mapping to multiple virtual circuits
Hitless increase/decrease of bandwidth
Key technologies
Virtual concatenation (VCAT)
Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS)
Generic Framing Protocol (GFP)
Main limitations
Data support is primarily for transport
Limited Switching capability
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VCAT VCAT
What is VCAT VCAT ?
VCAT VCAT is virtual concatenation
Splits SDH bandwidth up into right-sized groups
Flexible mapping; Effective use of bandwidth
VCAT functionality required only at path
termination nodes
Resiliency through diverse routing of VCAT
group (VCG) members
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HIGH ORDER VCAT HIGH ORDER VCAT
High Order VCAT applies concatenation at higher High Order VCAT applies concatenation at higher
order path by adjoining VC order path by adjoining VC--3 or VC 3 or VC--4 for SDH. 4 for SDH.
It can be used to transport higher order data It can be used to transport higher order data
such as 1Gbps / 10 such as 1Gbps / 10 Gbps Gbps Ethernet traffic. Ethernet traffic.
Low Order VCAT applies concatenation at lower Low Order VCAT applies concatenation at lower
order path by adjoining VC order path by adjoining VC--12 for SDH. 12 for SDH.
It can be used to transport lower order data such as It can be used to transport lower order data such as
10/100 Mbps Ethernet traffic. 10/100 Mbps Ethernet traffic.
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VC NOMENCLATURE
VC-n
Virtual Container n
n=4, 3, 2, 12, 11
Defines the type of
virtual containers,
which will be virtually
concatenated.
-X
Number of
virtually
concatenated
containers
All X Virtual Containers
form together the Virtual
Concatenated Group
(VCG)
v
Indictor for
Virtual
Concatenation
v = virtual
concatenation
c = contiguous
concatenation
Virtual Concatenated Group (VCG) of X VC-n containers!
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LINK ADJUSTMENT SCHEME
What is LCAS LCAS ?
Link capacity adjustment scheme
Provides a mechanism for hitless increase or
decrease of VCG size
Adding or removing of a container to a VC-x-nv
group is carried out with LCAS LCAS without affecting the
traffic.
LCAS LCAS guarantees the continuous availability of the
service without traffic interruption with reduced
bandwidth.
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LCAS ADVANTAGES
Dynamic Scalability : Allows bandwidth to be
dynamically tuned in small increments on demand to
match desired data rate and avoid wastage.
Efficiency : Allows more efficient usage of an
existing networks available bandwidth by trimming
bandwidth to match the subscribers work schedules.
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LCAS ADVANTAGES (Continued)
Compatibility : Backward compatible to Virtually
Concatenated services not offering LCAS. Inter
working between LCAS and non-LCAS nodes is
facilitated.
Resiliency : Individual members of a virtually
concatenated group can be routed as diversely as
possible across a network. So if one member is lost,
the others are likely to be operational albeit with a
reduced bandwidth.
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LCAS: DYNAMIC B/W ALLOCATION
5 2
9
14
STM-16 Ring
GigE
VC4 1-4 (620 Mbps)
GigE
5 2
9
14
GigE
VC4 1-6 (930 Mbps)
GigE
GigE
VC4 1-4 (620 Mbps)
GigE
5 2
9
14
Normal state
Updated state at
increased bandwidth
12 7
EMS requests
addition of 2 VC4s
to group
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ETHERNET PATH PROTECTION
WITH LCAS
10 Mbps traffic is provided by giving
6 Mbps (3 VC-12) along the blue path
and 4 Mbps (2 VC-12) along the red
path between the ingress and egress
node.
In case of failure as shown in the
figure the bandwidth would come
down to 4 Mbps without the traffic
being affected.
This would provide protection for at
least 4 Mbps of traffic even when
there is a fiber cut and hence a
cheaper solution compared to full
protection but clear differentiator
compared to unprotected connection.
6 Mbps
4 Mbps
10 Mbps
4 Mbps
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Generic Framing Procedure
What is GFP GFP?
GFP (Generic Framing Procedure) is a recently
standardized traffic adaptation protocol. This is
defined in G.7041
Provides a standard mapping/framing technique
for Ethernet signals into SDH
Effective way to map data into SDH i.e.
convergence between packet switched and
transmission networks
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There are two types of GFP protocols:
GFP-T: optimized for low-latency
applications as in Storage Area Networks
GFP-F: optimized for IP, Ethernet and
MPLS traffic
Generic Framing Procedure
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Benefit :
Internetworking
SONET/SDH
Vendor A
SONET/SDH
Vendor B
End-to-end SONET/SDH path
A Network
B Network
Generic Framing Procedure
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THANKS
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