Chilled Chilled Beams Beams

The Energy Efficient Solution For Schools The Energy Efficient Solution For Schools
Clint Schwartz, PE
Controlled Air, Inc. Controlled Air, Inc.
clint@controlled-air.com
Wh t A Chill d B ? Wh t A Chill d B ? What Are Chilled Beams? What Are Chilled Beams?
Passive Chilled Beams Passive Chilled Beams Passive Chilled Beams Passive Chilled Beams
Airflow Pattern Airflow Pattern
Concrete soffit Concrete soffit
Passive Chilled Beams Passive Chilled Beams Passive Chilled Beams Passive Chilled Beams
Air Distribution Pattern w/ UFAD Air Distribution Pattern w/ UFAD
Passive Chilled Beams Passive Chilled Beams Passive Chilled Beams Passive Chilled Beams
Typical Installation Above Ceiling Typical Installation Above Ceiling
Passive Chilled Beams Passive Chilled Beams Passive Chilled Beams Passive Chilled Beams
Typical Installation Typical Installation Fidelity Investments Fidelity Investments
Active Chilled Active Chilled Beams Beams Active Chilled Active Chilled Beams Beams
How They Work How They Work
Sl b ffit
Primary
Slab or soffit air supply
Suspended Ceiling p g
Active Chilled Beams Active Chilled Beams Active Chilled Beams Active Chilled Beams
Two Two--Way Way Distribution Pattern Distribution Pattern
Active Chilled Beams Active Chilled Beams Active Chilled Beams Active Chilled Beams
Typical Installation Typical Installation
Design Design
C id ti C id ti Considerations Considerations
Design Considerations Design Considerations Design Considerations Design Considerations
Thermal Output Test Thermal Output Test Standards Standards
Design Design Considerations Considerations Design Design Considerations Considerations
Water Water Supply Supply vs. Room vs. Room Dewpoint Dewpoint Temperature Temperature
Extract From Extract From
Independent Independent Energie Energie
Climatic Ceilings Climatic Ceilings
Passive

Climatic Ceilings Climatic Ceilings
+ 0.5 C ( + 0.9 F )
Active
- 1.5 C ( - 2.7 F)
R l ti t i d i t Relative to room air dew point
Design Considerations Design Considerations
S D i t V til ti Ai
Design Considerations Design Considerations
OA OA Dewpoint Dewpoint vs. Room vs. Room Dewpoint Dewpoint 200 BTU/hr/person 200 BTU/hr/person
Space Dewpoint vs. Ventilation Air
80.00
70.00
o
F
)
40 DP
Supply DP
60.00
S
p
a
c
e

D
e
w
p
o
i
n
t

(
o
40 DP
45 DP
50 DP
55 DP
60 DP
Max DP
50.00
40.00
5 10 15 20 25 30
Ventilation Air (cfm/person)
Design Considerations Design Considerations Design Considerations Design Considerations
Primary/Secondary Chilled Water Loops Primary/Secondary Chilled Water Loops
Primary Chilled
Water Supply
HEAT
EXCHANGER
Primary Chilled
Water Return
Supply
Temperature
Controller
Chill d
3-way
Modulating
Valve
T
Chilled
Water
Pump
Return Water Bypass
Secondary
(Tempered)
Chilled Water
Supply to
B
2-way Chilled Water
Valves (one per
Beams
Secondary
Chilled Water
Return
To Chilled Beam
Zones
Valves (one per
zone)
Design Considerations Design Considerations Design Considerations Design Considerations
Dedicated Chiller Dedicated Chiller
3-way
Dedicated
Chiller
T
Supply
Temperature
Controller
Chilled
Water
y
Modulating
Valve
Return Water Bypass
Storage
Vessel
Pump
yp
Chilled Water
Supply to Beams
Chilled
Water
Return
To Chilled Beam
Zones
Design Considerations Design Considerations Design Considerations Design Considerations
Thermal Zoning Thermal Zoning
Chilled
water
supply
Chilled
water
return
Isolation
valve
Isolation
valve
2 way
control
valve
Chill d b ithi i l th l
T Zone
thermostat
Chilled beams within a single thermal
zone
Design Considerations Design Considerations Design Considerations Design Considerations
Water Piping Condensation Sensor Water Piping Condensation Sensor
Design Considerations Design Considerations Design Considerations Design Considerations
Thermal Comfort Thermal Comfort -- Diffuser Diffuser
What does a diffuser do?
Delivers fast cold (or hot) air to the space
It directs the discharge
M k f th C d ff t
What does a diffuser do?
Delivers fast cold (or hot) air to the space
It directs the discharge
M k f th C d ff t
The primary air
Provides fresh air requirement
C t l t t Makes use of the Coand effect
Reduced velocity by mixing
Changes temperature by mixing
Makes use of the Coand effect
Reduced velocity by mixing
Changes temperature by mixing
Controls temperature
Controls humidity
Design Considerations Design Considerations Design Considerations Design Considerations
Thermal Comfort Thermal Comfort -- Chilled Beam Chilled Beam
Beam vs. diffuser
Increases volume, Example: assume 60% water 40% air
Beam vs. diffuser
Increases volume, Example: assume 60% water 40% air
100 cfm by diffuser, 40 cfm @ beam but with
induction ratio of say 5:1, = total air discharged is 40 x
5 = 200 cfm
If we work on 1cfm/SF and room Height of 10
100 cfm by diffuser, 40 cfm @ beam but with
induction ratio of say 5:1, = total air discharged is 40 x
5 = 200 cfm
If we work on 1cfm/SF and room Height of 10 If we work on 1cfm/SF and room Height of 10
100 cfm = 6 ac/hr, 200 cfm = 12 ac/hr (room air movement)
The increased discharge temperature helps but the higher
volume throws further
If we work on 1cfm/SF and room Height of 10
100 cfm = 6 ac/hr, 200 cfm = 12 ac/hr (room air movement)
The increased discharge temperature helps but the higher
volume throws further
Where Does The Energy Where Does The Energy
S i C F ? S i C F ? Savings Come From? Savings Come From?
Energy Savings Energy Savings Energy Savings Energy Savings
Water vs. Air Water vs. Air
Water weighs 800 times more than water
1 lb. of CHW (6T) transports 25% more
cooling energy than 1 lb. of air (20T)
On a volumetric basis:
1 FT of CHW (6T) transfers 1000 times
more cooling energy vs. 1 FT of air (20T)
Space Savings Space Savings Space Savings Space Savings
Water vs. Air Water vs. Air
Flo Cross Section Ratio
1 : 327
Flow Cross Section Ratio
18 x 18
Air Duct
1 diameter
Water Pipe
Energy Savings Energy Savings Energy Savings Energy Savings
Chilled Beams Chilled Beams
Airflow requirement
reduced by 60 to 70%
Airflow requirement
reduced by 60 to 70%
60 to 70% of sensible heat 60 to 70% of sensible heat
removed by chilled water
Energy Savings Energy Savings Energy Savings Energy Savings
DOE Report DOE Report Energy Savings Potential Energy Savings Potential
Energy Savings Energy Savings Energy Savings Energy Savings
DOE Report DOE Report 15 Technologies Investigated 15 Technologies Investigated
Energy Savings Energy Savings Energy Savings Energy Savings
DOE Report DOE Report Simple Payback Simple Payback
Energy Savings Energy Savings Energy Savings Energy Savings
LEED Analysis LEED Analysis Constitution Center, Washington DC Constitution Center, Washington DC
22.4%
Cost
Baseline Building
Constitution Center
E U
Cost
Savings
Energy Usage
Energy Usage
Energy Savings Energy Savings Energy Savings Energy Savings
No motor to cool
Reduced airflow
Transportation of a ton Transportation of a ton
of cooling by air requires
7 to 10 times more
energy than by chilled energy than by chilled
water.
Elevated CHWS
Hi h hill COP Higher chiller COP
Longer free cooling
(water-cooled chiller)
Energy Savings Energy Savings Energy Savings Energy Savings
Compressor Efficiency Compressor Efficiency -- Chillers Chillers
Energy Savings Energy Savings Energy Savings Energy Savings
Lower Humidity, Raise Temperature Lower Humidity, Raise Temperature
Save energy by having
higher db, lower rh
Higher comfort perceived Higher comfort perceived
at 78/45% vs. 75/50%
Less temp difference
between inside and outside between inside and outside
3 To 5% energy cost
reduction for each F
thermostat is raised thermostat is raised
Energy Savings Energy Savings Energy Savings Energy Savings
Reduced Outdoor Air vs. VAV Reduced Outdoor Air vs. VAV
Multiple space equation in ASHRAE 62.1 can
add up to 70%
7
to required outdoor air in VAV
DOAS vs. DOAS
Project: Reynolds and Reynolds- 4th Floor
Zone Box Max. Cfm Min Pos Min. Cfm OA Reg. % OA Room Nos. Zone Type
1 7045 30% 2114 620 29% n/a Exterior Office Space
2 21240 30% 6372 4620 73% n/a Interior Office Space ASHRAE 62 METHOD MULTIPLE SPACES 2 21240 30% 6372 4620 73% n/a Interior Office Space ASHRAE 62 METHOD, MULTIPLE SPACES
3 220 100% 220 0 0% 402,404 Restrooms
4 455 30% 137 100 73% n/a Round Stairwell Y = X/(1+X-Z)
5 1765 30% 530 275 52% 406,420 Copy/Coffee/Corr X = OA rate for all branches on system / Tot al supply airf low
6 1455 30% 437 325 74% 408 Break Rm/Stairwell Z = OA rate for critical space / Tot al supply air in critical space
7 350 100% 350 0 0% 414,416 Electrical/SER Y = Correct ed fraction of OA / Total suppy airf low
8 285 50% 143 120 84% 422,424 Huddle Rooms
9 935 70% 655 520 79% 426 Staff Team Room X = 0.63
10 C f 10 515 80% 412 340 83% 428 Conference Z = 0.87
11 650 50% 325 260 80% 432,434,436,438 Huddle Rooms Zone No. 12
12 415 100% 415 360 87% 480 Conference Y = 0.83
13 505 50% 253 205 81% 460,464,468,470 Huddle/Storage
14 895 40% 358 260 73% 472 Diagnostics Lab Corrected Fraction of Outdoor air = Y (Tot al supply airf low)
15 485 100% 485 420 87% 474 Conference
16 445 100% 445 380 85% 482 War Room OA = 13125 cfm
17 2680 30% 804 600 75% 484 Break/Coffee Rm 17 2680 30% 804 600 75% 484 Break/Coffee Rm
18 1100 30% 330 180 55% 486,488 Mail/Corr/Copy/Stairwell
19 350 100% 350 0 0% 490,492 SER/Electrical
20 255 100% 255 0 0% 496,498 SW Rest
21 845 60% 507 400 79% 476, 478 Video Conf/AV
Totals 42890 15894 9985
Oth A f S i Oth A f S i Other Areas of Savings Other Areas of Savings
Chilled Beam Benefits Chilled Beam Benefits Chilled Beam Benefits Chilled Beam Benefits
Structural Height Savings Structural Height Savings
600mm
26
126
11
96
96
f.f.l.
8
6
Active Chilled Beams Active Chilled Beams Active Chilled Beams Active Chilled Beams
Structural Height Savings Structural Height Savings - - Constitution Center Constitution Center
12 Ceiling Plenum

-
0

-
0

12 Ceiling Plenum
2

Chilled Beam Benefits Chilled Beam Benefits Chilled Beam Benefits Chilled Beam Benefits
Maintenance Savings Maintenance Savings
No Moving Parts
No Fans
No Motors No Motors
No Power Requirements
No Filter
No Condensate
Pump/Drain
4 Year Inspection & 4 Year Inspection &
Vacuum
Simple Controls
Active Chilled Beams Active Chilled Beams Active Chilled Beams Active Chilled Beams
AstraZeneca AstraZeneca Waltham, Massachusetts Waltham, Massachusetts
Our first Waltham building using chilled beams was opened in
2000 Wh l d f ilit i 2003 i t ith 2000. When we enlarged our facility in 2003, we again went with
chilled beams. Our new buildings under construction will also be
using chilled beam technology.
The beams at our facility have not required any maintenance or cleaning. The facility
does not have rugs, and the chilled beams are supplied by the same air handlers that
serve laboratories.
The three principal advantages that I see for chilled beams over a VAV system are (i)
the level of quiet operations, (ii) the energy efficiency, and (iii) the virtual freedom from
maintenance.
Bruce MacGregor
System Specialist
S i lt Chill d B S i lt Chill d B Specialty Chilled Beams Specialty Chilled Beams
Four Four Way Blow Way Blow Four Four--Way Blow Way Blow
Available in 2 x 2 and
2 x 4 sizes
Primarily for
partitioned office
applications pp
Displacement Ventilation Displacement Ventilation Displacement Ventilation Displacement Ventilation
Trox Trox QLCI QLCI
Induction Nozzles
Primary air delivered at 50 to 55F
Mixing within terminal elevates supply
air to appropriate temperature
Integral Heat Transfer Coil Integral Heat Transfer Coil
Room air induced through coil
Supplements space cooling
Eliminates separate heating system Eliminates separate heating system
Displacement Ventilation Displacement Ventilation Displacement Ventilation Displacement Ventilation
How Does it Work? How Does it Work?
Return @ 80 Return @ 80--85 85
oo
FF
Convective Heat Source Convective Heat Source
Displacement Ventilation Displacement Ventilation Displacement Ventilation Displacement Ventilation
Displacement Ventilation Displacement Ventilation Displacement Ventilation Displacement Ventilation
Ventilation Effectiveness Ventilation Effectiveness
Displacement System Displacement System Mixed Air System Mixed Air System
V
EFF
=
C
RETURN
- C
SUPPLY
C
ROOM
- C
SUPPLY
1 V
EFF
=
C
RETURN
- C
SUPPLY
C
ROOM
- C
SUPPLY
1
Displacement System Displacement System Mixed Air System Mixed Air System
C
ROOM
C
RETURN
C
FLOOR
C
ROOM
C
CEILING
E
l
e
v
a
t
i
o
n
Occupied
Z
T
50
Occupied
Zone
E
l
e
v
a
t
i
o
n
Local CO Concentration
Zone
Local CO Concentration Local CO
2
Concentration Local CO
2
Concentration
Trox QLCI Trox QLCI Trox QLCI Trox QLCI
CO CO
22
Comparison with Unit Vent Comparison with Unit Vent
1600
Identical classrooms
Tests conducted over two
eek period
Minnesota Elementary School
t
i
o
n

(
P
P
M
)
1000
1200
1400
Mixed Air System (UV)
week period
CO
2
concentration at six foot
level monitored
2
C
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
600
800
1000
level monitored
Mixed system: 1100 PPM
DV System: 400 PPM
20% reduction in CO
2
levels
C
O
2
400
Displacement System
20% reduction in CO
2
levels
produced 15% improvement
in student performance
Time
Source: Technical University of Denmark
(Indoor Air 2005)
Active Chilled Beams Active Chilled Beams Active Chilled Beams Active Chilled Beams
Displacement Conditioning Displacement Conditioning Cooling Operation Cooling Operation
Return Air
450 CFM
(82 to 85F)
100% Exhausted
450 CFM
Primary Airflow
450 CFM
(50 to 55F)
Room Air
900 CFM
(75 to 78F)
Chilled Water
Supply Airflow
1350 CFM
(62 to 68F)
Active Chilled Beams Active Chilled Beams Active Chilled Beams Active Chilled Beams
Displacement Conditioning Displacement Conditioning Heating Operation Heating Operation
Return Air
450 CFM
100% Exhausted
450 CFM
Optional Heat
Recovery
Primary Airflow
450 CFM
(50 to 60F)
Room Air
900 CFM
Hot Water
(50 to 60F)
Supply Airflow
(70 to 72F)
y
1350 CFM
(82 to 85F)
Active Chilled Beams Active Chilled Beams Active Chilled Beams Active Chilled Beams
Displacement Conditioning Displacement Conditioning Staggered Operation Staggered Operation
68F 68F 90F 90F 68 F 68 F 90 F 90 F
Trox Trox QLCI QLCI Trox Trox QLCI QLCI
Installation Example Installation Example Ocean City Community College, NJ Ocean City Community College, NJ
Multi Multi Sevice Chilled Beams Sevice Chilled Beams Multi Multi--Sevice Chilled Beams Sevice Chilled Beams
Multi Multi--Service Chilled Beams Service Chilled Beams Multi Multi Service Chilled Beams Service Chilled Beams
Customized Design Customized Design
B C t Beam Costs
Cooling &
Heating 40%
Other services 10%
Lighting 30% Aesthetics 20 % Aesthetics 20 %
~ + 25% of aesthetics = + 5% of total price
Multi Multi--Service Chilled Beams Service Chilled Beams Multi Multi Service Chilled Beams Service Chilled Beams
Royal Bank of Scotland Royal Bank of Scotland
Multi Multi--Service Chilled Beams Service Chilled Beams Multi Multi Service Chilled Beams Service Chilled Beams
Airbus, UK: Pearce, Carillion Airbus, UK: Pearce, Carillion
Multi Multi--Service Chilled Beams Service Chilled Beams Multi Multi Service Chilled Beams Service Chilled Beams
Bow Call Center Bow Call Center
Multi Multi--Service Chilled Beams Service Chilled Beams Multi Multi Service Chilled Beams Service Chilled Beams
Chamber of Commerce, Luxembourg Chamber of Commerce, Luxembourg
Multi Multi--Service Chilled Beams Service Chilled Beams Multi Multi Service Chilled Beams Service Chilled Beams
Indirect Lighting Indirect Lighting
Multi Multi--Service Chilled Beams Service Chilled Beams Multi Multi Service Chilled Beams Service Chilled Beams
Innovative Lighting Innovative Lighting
Multi Multi--Service Chilled Beams Service Chilled Beams Multi Multi Service Chilled Beams Service Chilled Beams
Innovative Lighting Innovative Lighting
Multi Multi--Service Chilled Beams Service Chilled Beams Multi Multi Service Chilled Beams Service Chilled Beams
Innovative Lighting Innovative Lighting
Multi Multi--Service Chilled Beams Service Chilled Beams
Multi Purpose Chilled Beams are
Multi Multi Service Chilled Beams Service Chilled Beams
Capital Cost Capital Cost
Multi-Purpose Chilled Beams are
delivered to the job ready to install
as one unit.
All ti i k l
$ Cost Neutral
All connections are quick couple
type.
Pre-assemble units average up to g p
12 ft in length.
Cost data courtesy
of
Multi Multi--Service Chilled Beams Service Chilled Beams Multi Multi Service Chilled Beams Service Chilled Beams
Accelerated Construction Schedule Accelerated Construction Schedule MSCB vs. FCU MSCB vs. FCU
AHU L t O ti AHU L t O ti AHU Layout Options AHU Layout Options
DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design
Traditional Traditional -- DX Cooling w/ Hot Gas Reheat DX Cooling w/ Hot Gas Reheat
R d d ffi i Reduced efficiency
Requires multiple
compressor stages
Compressor cycling issues
require capacity modulation
at part load
Recommend at least four, Recommend at least four,
but preferably six
Requires modulating hot-
gas reheat to maintain g
space comfort
Limited at part load as
reheat requirements can
exceed cooling exceed cooling
DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design
Cooling w/ Reheat Cooling w/ Reheat Psychrometrics Psychrometrics
1 2 3
1
22
3
DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design
Energy Recovery Energy Recovery Heatpipe (Plate HX Alternative) Heatpipe (Plate HX Alternative)
Sensible only energy
transfer
More beneficial in
heating
Still need HGRH Still need HGRH
Need frost prevention
strategy strategy
Preheat frost control
Face and bypass yp
DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design
Heatpipe Heatpipe Psychrometrics Psychrometrics -- Cooling Cooling
1 3 5
6
1
2
4
3
2 4
5 6 5 6
DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design
Energy Recovery Energy Recovery Passive Desiccant (Enthalpy) Wheel Passive Desiccant (Enthalpy) Wheel
S ibl d l Sensible and latent
energy recovered
Wheel must be
maintained
Motor and bearings
Potential for clogging gg g
Still need HGRH
Need frost prevention
strategy strategy
Modulating wheel
Preheat frost control
DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design
Passive Wheel Passive Wheel Psychrometrics Psychrometrics - - Cooling Cooling
6
5 3 1
1
4
4
2
2
3
5 6 5 6
DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design
Wringer Wringer
E i h Energy recovery with
no exhaust air
Provides free pre-cool p
and reheat based on
the temperature
difference between
td i d i outdoor air and air
leaving the cooling coil
DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design
Wringer Psychrometrics Wringer Psychrometrics
4
5
3
2 1
1
2
3 4 3 4
DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design
Active Desiccant Wheel (Condenser Heat Regeneration) Active Desiccant Wheel (Condenser Heat Regeneration)
Reduced mechanical
cooling requirement
Wheel converts latent Wheel converts latent
to sensible energy
Slow rotational speed p
As low as 1/10 RPM
Increased COP
Active Desiccant Process Active Desiccant Process Active Desiccant Process Active Desiccant Process
How It Works How It Works
Moisture transfer based on difference in RH
Moisture transfers from high RH to low
The greater the difference in RH, the greater the
mechanism for moisture transfer
Conversion of latent heat to sensible
Evaporative cooling in regeneration airstream and
it i l ( ) i t opposite in supply (process) airstream
Heat increase is heat of vaporization of water
1050 BTU per lb of water 1050 BTU per lb of water
DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design
Active Wheel Psychrometrics Active Wheel Psychrometrics
A
C
B
C
DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design
Which System Uses Least Which System Uses Least Dehumidification Dehumidification Energy? Energy?
HCU
SingleHXEnergyUseComparison
Wringer
HCU
Heatpipe
EnthalpyWheel
$0 $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,000 $14,000 $16,000 $18,000
BruteForce
Dehumidification Heating FrostControl FanPenalty g y
DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design
Hybrid System Hybrid System -- Two Two Heatpipes Heatpipes or Plates or Plates
Increases recovered
energy while utilizing
maintenance friendly maintenance friendly
heat exchangers
Provides free reheat Provides free reheat
Need to have frost
prevention strategy prevention strategy
Preheat coil in OA or
EA positions
DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design
Two Two Heatpipe Heatpipe Psychrometrics Psychrometrics
1 3 5 1 3 5
7
1
2
4
6
3
2
6
5
4
6
5
7
DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design
Hybrid System Hybrid System Passive Wheel and Passive Wheel and Heatpipe Heatpipe or Plate or Plate
Increases energy
recovered
Provides free
reheat
Need to have frost
prevention strategy
Preheat coil in OA
or EA
DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design
Passive Wheel and Passive Wheel and Heatpipe Heatpipe
1 3 5 1 3 5
7
2
4
6
1
6
6
2
5
4
3
6
5
7
DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design
Passive Wheel and Wringer Cycle Passive Wheel and Wringer Cycle
Combines energy recovery with
dehumidification
Need frost prevention strategy
Prefer modulating wheel with vfd
DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design
Passive Wheel and Wringer Cycle Passive Wheel and Wringer Cycle
1 3
2 4 5
6
7
1 3
6
1
4
2
3 5
6
7
6
DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design
Passive Wheel and Active Wheel Passive Wheel and Active Wheel
C bi h Combines heat recovery
and dehumidification
Exhaust air stream is the
P C l
Supply Side Gas F
Side Return Air
condensing air stream
No separate condensing
unit
Pre -Cool
DX Coil
Supply
Fan
Side
Supply
Gas
Af terheat
E
D
F
B C
Side Return Air
Bottom Deck
W
h
e
e
l
Need frost prevention for
enthalpy wheel
Modulating enthalpy
h l / VFD
R t C il SideMakup Air
G
TopExhaust
H
I
Enthalpy Wheel
D
H

W
C d C il
J
C
o
n
t
r
o
l

-

C
a
n
C
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
o
r
s
wheel w/ VFD
React Coil SideMakup Air
Top Deck A
TopExhaust
Cond Coil
DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design DOAS System Design
Passive Wheel and Active Wheel Passive Wheel and Active Wheel
A
G
F
B
C
D
DOAS Options DOAS Options DOAS Options DOAS Options
Energy Usage Comparison Energy Usage Comparison
DrycoolERV
DOAUOperationalCostComparison
Enthalp Wheel
TwoSensHX
EnthalpyWheel/SensHX
EnthalpyWheel/Wringer
Heatpipe
Wringer
HCU
EnthalpyWheel
$0 $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,000 $14,000 $16,000 $18,000
BruteForce
Dehumidification Heating FrostControl FanPenalty g y
Th k F Li t i ! Th k F Li t i ! Thanks For Listening! Thanks For Listening!