Chapter 1 Background

{[1-6] 1. SIKDAR S.K, GROSSE D., ROGUT I., J. Mem. Sri., 151, 75-85, 1998.
2. HO W.S.W., SIRKON K.K. (Eds.); Membrane Handbook, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York 1992.
3. RAUTENBACH R.; Procesy Membranowe, WNT Warszawa 1996.
4. NAREBSKA A. (Ed.), Membrany i Procesy Membranowe, UMK Torun 1997.
5. BODZEK M., BOHDZIEWICZ J., KONIECZNY K., Techniki membranowe w ochronie
srodowiska, Wydawnictwo Politechniki Slaskiej, Gliwice 1997.
6. MULDER M.H.V.; Basic principles of membrane technol ogy; Kluwer Academic Publishers;
Dordrecht, Boston, Lon don, 1991}
7. [Mulder 1991]: Mulder, M, Basic Principles of Membrane Technology, Kluwer Academic
Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston and London, (1991).
8. [Mulder 1991; Baker 2004]. .Baker, R.W., Membrane Technology and Applications (2nd ed.),
John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, West Susses, England (2004).
9. Kober [1995] Kober, P.A., Pervaporation, perstillation and percrystallization, Journal of
Membrane Science, 100, 61–64 (1995).
10. Binning et al. [1961]. Binning, R.C., R.J. Lee, J.F. Jennings, and E.C. Martin, Separation of
liquid mixtures by permeation, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 53, 45–50 (1961).
11. [3] Huang, R.Y.M. Pervaporation membrane separation processes. Elsevier
Science Publishing Company, Inc. New York. 1991, 1-46
12. [7-8] 7. APTEL P., CUNY J., JOZEFOWICZ J., NEEL J.; J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 16, 1061, 1972. 8. NEEL J.;
Introduction to Pervaporation; in: Pervaporation Membrane Separation Processes; R. Y. M. Huang (Ed.);
Amsterdam, 1, 1991.
13. (Néel, 1991) Néel, J. (1991). Chapter 1 - introduction to pervaporation. Pervaporation
membrane separation processes. R. Y. M. Huang. Amsterdam, Netherlands, Elsevier
Science Publishers: 1-109,
14.(Villaluenga and Tabe-Mohammadi, 2000) Villaluenga, J. P. G. and A. Tabe-
Mohammadi (2000). "A review on the separation of benzene/cyclohexane mixtures by
pervaporation processes." Journal of Membrane Science 169: 159-174.
15. (Feng and Huang, 1997) Feng, X. and R. Y. M. Huang (1997). "Liquid separation by
membrane pervaporation: A review." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 36:
1048-1066.
16. (Schleiffelder and Claudia, 2001 ) Schleiffelder, M. and S. B. Claudia (2001).
"Crosslinkable copolyimides for the membranebased separation of p-/o-xylene mixtures."
Reactive and Functional Polymers 49(3): 205-213.
17. [7] Gudernatsch, W., Kimmerle, K., Stroh, N., and Chmiel, H. Recovery and
concentration of high vapor pressure bioproducts by means of controlled membrane
separation. J. Membr. Sci. 1998, 36, 331-342.
18. [8] Deng, S., Sourirajan, S., Matsuura, T. Study of polydimethylsiloxane/aromatic
polyamide laminated membranes for separation of acetic acid/water mixtures by
pervaporation process. Sep. Sci. Technol. 1994, 29, 1209-1216.
19. [11] Yoshikawa, M., Kuno, S.T., and Kitao, T. Specialty polymeric membranes 3.
Pervaporation separation of acetic acid/water mixtures through polymeric membranes
having a pyridine moiety as a side group. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1994, 51, 1021-1027.
20. [12] Lee, E.K. and Koros, W.J. Membrane, Synthetic, Applications. Encyclopedia of
Physical Science and Technology. 3rd Ed. Academic Press. 2001, 279-344.
21. [3] Huang, R.Y.M. Pervaporation membrane separation processes. Elsevier Science
Publishing Company, Inc. New York. 1991, 1-46.
22. [1]. Yong Soo Kang, Sang Wook Lee, Un Young Kim and Jyong sup shim, Pervaporation of water –
Ethanol mixtures through cross – linked and surface modified poly (vinyl alcohol) membrane, J. Member.
Sc., Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, 51, 215, 1990.
22. (Koops and Smolders, 1991) KOOPS G.H, SMOLDERS C.A.; Estimation and Evalu ation of
Polymeric Materials for Pervaporation Membranes; in: Pervaporation Membrane Separation Processes; R.
Y. M. Huang (Ed.); Amsterdam, 253, 1991.
* (From chapter no 1 ref 15) ( Feng and Huang, 1997)
23. Young (1973)Young, C. A. J. (1973). "The chemical and petrochemical industries."
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and
Physical Sciences 275(1250): 329-355.
* (From chapter no 1 ref 14) ( Villaluenga and Tabe-Mohammadi, 2000)
24.Porter (2001)) Porter, N. G. (2001). Essential oils and their production.
www.crop.cri.nz, New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food Research Ltd. Broad sheet #
39.
* (From chapter no 1 ref 14) ( Villaluenga and Tabe-Mohammadi, 2000)
25.( Shao, P. (2003)) Shao, P. (2003). Pervaporation dehydration membranes based on
chemically modified poly(ether ether ketone). Waterloo, Canada, University of Waterloo.
26. (Ishida and Nakagawa, 1985) Ishida, M. and N. Nakagawa (1985). "Exergy analysis
of a pervaporation system and its combination with a distillation column based on an
energy utilization diagram." Journal of Membrane Science 24: 271-283.
27.(Hömmerich and Rautenbach, 1998) Hömmerich, U. and R. Rautenbach (1998).
"Design and optimization of combined pervaporation/distillation processes for the
production of mtbe." Journal of Membrane Science 146(1): 53-64.
28. (Ferreira et al., 2002) Ferreira, L., M. Kaminski, D. J. Cleland and A. J. Mawson
(2002). Pervaporation with organophilic membranes: Selectivity towards alcohols and
integration with a distillation unit. 9th APCChE Congress and CHEMECA 2002,
Christchurch, New Zealand, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering,
University of Canterbury, N.Z.
29. (Smitha et al., 2004) Smitha, B., D. Suhanya, S. Sridhar and M. Ramakrishna
(2004). "Separation of organicorganic mixtures by pervaporation - a review." Journal of
Membrane Science 241(1): 1-21.
30. (3, 33), (3, 34), (3, 41) Singh, Rajindar. Industrial Membrane Separation Processes.
Chemtech. April, 1998, 33-44.
31. (2, 35), (2, 35) Athayde, A.L., R. W. Baker, R. Daniels, M. H. Le and J.H. Ly.
Pervaporation for Wastewater Treatment. Chemtech. January, 1997, 34-39.
32. (4, 89) Barber, Terry and Brian D. Miller. Pervaporation Technology: Fundamentals
and Environmental Applications. Chemical Engineering. September, 1994, 88-90.
33. [12] 12. KOOPS G.H, SMOLDERS C.A.; Estimation and Evalu ation of Polymeric Materials for
Pervaporation Membranes; in: Pervaporation Membrane Separation Processes; R. Y. M. Huang (Ed.);
Amsterdam, 253, 1991.
34. [39] 39. SCOTT K., Separation of Liquid Mixtures/Pervaporation, in: Handbook of Industrial
Membranes, K. Scott (Ed.), Elsevier, Oxford, 331, 1995.
Chapter 2.
35. [Paul and Yampol'skii 2000] Paul, D.R., and Y.P. Yampol'skii, eds., Polymeric Gas Separation
Membranes, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (2000).
36. [Huang 1990] Huang R.Y.M., ed., Pervaporation Membrane Separation Processes, Elsevier,
Amsterdam, the Netherlands (1990).
37. [Timashev and Kemp 1991] Timashev, S.F., and T.J. Kemp, Physical Chemistry of Membrane
Processes, Ellis Horwood, New York (1991).
38. [Moon 2000] Moon, G.Y., Synthesis and preparation of polysaccharide based membranes for the
pervaporation separation of liquid mixture systems of industrial interest, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of
Waterloo, Waterloo, ON (2000).
39. [ Matsuura 1994] Matsuura, T., Synthetic Membranes and Membrane Separation Processes, CRC
Press, Boca Raton, FL (1994).
40. [ Mulder 1991] Mulder, M, Basic Principles of Membrane Technology, Kluwer Academic
Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston and London, (1991).
*(FROM CHAPTER NO 1, REFERNCE 10) Binning et al. [1961].
*(FROM CHAPTER NO 1, REFERNCE 15) (Feng and Huang, 1997)
41.[ Shao 2003] Shao, P., Pervaporation dehydration membranes based on chemically modified poly(ether
ether ketone), Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON (2003).
42. (Lipnizki et al., 1999). Lipnizki, F., S. Hausmanns, P. K. Ten, R. W. Field and G.
Laufenberg (1999). "Organophilic pervaporation: Prospects and performance." Chemical
Engineering Journal 73: 113- 129.
43. [Wijmans and Baker 1995] Wijmans, J.G., and R.W. Baker, The solution-diffusion model: a
review, Journal of Membrane Science, 107, 1– 21 (1995).
*(FROM CHAPTER NO 1, REFERNCE 8) [Baker 2004]
* (FROM CHAPTER NO 1, REFERNCE 10) Binning et al. [1961].
44. [Ho and Sirkar 1992] Ho, W.S.W., and K.K. Sirkar, eds., Membrane Handbook, Van Nostrand
Reinhold, New York (1992).
* (FROM CHAPTER NO 1, REFERNCE 10) Binning et al. [1961].
* (FROM CHAPTER NO 1, REFERNCE 13) (Néel, 1991)
* (From chapter no 1 ref 14) ( Villaluenga and Tabe-Mohammadi, 2000)
*(FROM CHAPTER NO 2, REFERNCE 42) (Lipnizki et al., 1999)
46.(Qariouh et al., 1999) Qariouh, H., R. Schué, F. Schué and C. Bailly (1999).
"Sorption, diffusion and pervaporation of water/ethanol mixtures in polyetherimide
membranes." Polymer International 48(3): 171-180.
* (From chapter no 1 ref 14) ( Villaluenga and Tabe-Mohammadi, 2000)
*(From chapter no 1 ref 29)(Smitha et al., 2004)
* (From chapter no 1 ref 14) (Villaluenga and Tabe-Mohammadi, 2000)
* (From chapter no 1 ref 14) (Villaluenga and Tabe-Mohammadi, 2000)
47. (Karlsson and Trägårdh, 1993a) Karlsson, H. O. E. and G. Trägårdh (1993a).
"Aroma compound recovery with pervaporation - feed flow effects." Journal of
Membrane Science 81: 163-171.
*(FROM CHAPTER NO 1, REFERNCE 15) (Feng and Huang, 1997)
*(FROM CHAPTER NO 1, REFERNCE 8) [Baker 2004]
48. Lee [1975] Lee, C.H., Theory of reverse osmosis and some other membrane permeation operations,
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 19, 83–95 (1975).
49. Blume et al. [1990] Blume, I., J.G. Wijmans, and R.W. Baker, The separation of dissolved
organics from water by pervaporation, Journal of Membrane Science, 49, 253–286 (1990).
*(FROM CHAPTER NO 2, REFERNCE 39) [ Matsuura 1994]
50. Okada et al. [1991] Okada, T., M. Yoshikawa, and T. Matsuura, A study on pervaporation of
ethanol/water mixtures on the basis of pore flow model, Journal of Membrane Science, 59, 151–168
(1991).
*(FROM CHAPTER NO 2, REFERNCE 39) [ Matsuura 1994]
*(FROM CHAPTER NO 2, REFERNCE 39) [
Matsuura 1994]
*(FROM CHAPTER NO 2, REFERNCE 38) [Moon 2000]
51. [Shimidzu and Yoshikawa 1991] Shimidzu, T., and M. Yoshikawa, Chapter 7. Synthesis of
novel copolymer membranes for pervaporation, in Pervaporation Membrane Separation Processes, ed. by
R.Y.M. Huang, Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 321–361 (1991).
*(FROM CHAPTER NO 2, REFERNCE 36) [Huang 1990]
*(FROM CHAPTER NO 1, REFERNCE 15) [Feng and Huang 1997]
52.(Heisler et al., 1956) Heisler, E. G., A. S. Hunter, J. Siciliano and R. H. Treadway
(1956). "Solute and temperature effects in the pervaporation of aqueous alcoholic
solutions." Science 124(3211): 77- 79.
*(FROM CHAPTER NO 1, REFERNCE 10) Binning et al. [1961].
*(From chapter no 1 ref 29) (Smitha et al., 2004)
*(From chapter no 1 ref 29) (Smitha et al., 2004)
53.(Rautenbach & Albrecht, 1980) (Rautenbach & Albrecht, 1980) Rautenbach, R. and
R. Albrecht (1980). "Separation of organic binary mixtures by pervaporation." Journal of
Membrane Science 7: 203-223.
*(From chapter no 1 ref 29) (Smitha et al., 2004)
*(FROM CHAPTER NO 2, REFERNCE 40) [Mulder et al. 1982]
*(From chapter no 1 ref 29) (Smitha et al., 2004)
54.(Dutta and Sikdar (1991) Dutta, B. K. and S. K. Sikdar (1991). "Separation of
azeotropic organic liquid mixtures by pervaporation." AIChE Journal 37(4): 581-588.
*(From chapter no 1 ref 29) (Smitha et al., 2004)
*(From chapter no 2 ref 54) (Dutta and Sikdar (1991)
*(From chapter no 1 ref 29) (Smitha et al., 2004)
55. (Huang and Lin, 1968) Huang, R. Y. M. and V. J. C. Lin (1968). "Separation of
liquid mixtures by using polymer membranes. I. Permeation of binary organic liquid
mixtures through polyethylene." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 12: 2615-2631.
Cited in: Villaluenga, J. P. G. and A. Tabe-Mohammadi (2000). A review on the
separation of benzene/cyclohexane mixtures by pervaporation processes. Journal of
Membrane Science, 2169: 2159-2174.
56.( Cabasso et al., 1974a) Cabasso, I., J. Jagur-Grodzinski and D. Vofsi (1974a).
"Polymeric alloys of polyphosponates and acetyl cellulose. I. Sorption and diffusion of
benzene and cyclohexane." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18: 2117-2136.
57. (Acharya et al., 1988) Acharya, H. R., S. A. Stern, Z. Z. Liu and I. Cabasso (1988).
"Separation of liquid benzene/cyclohexane mixtures by perstraction and pervaporation."
Journal of Membrane Science 37(3): 205-232.
*(From chapter no 2 ref 55) (Huang and Lin, 1968)
58. (Johnson and Thomas, 1999). Johnson, T. and S. Thomas (1999). "Pervaporation of
acetone-chlorinated hydrocarbon mixtures through polymer blend membranes of natural
rubber and epoxidized natural rubber." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 71(14):
2365-2379.
59.(Sweeny and Rose, 1965) Sweeny, R. F. and A. Rose (1965). "Factors determining
rates and separation in barrier membrane permeation." Industrial & Engineering
Chemistry Product Research and Development 4(4): 248-251.
*(From chapter no 2 ref 55) (Huang and Lin, 1968)
*(FROM CHAPTER NO 1, REFERNCE 10) Binning et al. [1961].
*(From chapter no 1 ref 29) (Smitha et al., 2004)
*(FROM CHAPTER NO 1, REFERNCE 10) Binning et al. [1961].
60. (Sun and Ruckenstein, 1995) Sun, F. and E. Ruckenstein (1995). "Sorption and
pervaporation of benzene-cyclohexane mixtures through composite membranes prepared
via concentrated emulsion polymerization." Journal of Membrane Science 99(3): 273-
284.
*(FROM CHAPTER NO 1, REFERNCE 15) [Feng and Huang 1997]
* (From chapter no 1 ref 14) (Villaluenga and Tabe-Mohammadi, 2000)
61.(Baddour et al. (1964) Baddour, R. F., A. S. Michaels, H. J. Bixler, R. P. De Filippi
and J. A. Barrie (1964). "Transport of liquids in structurally modified polyethylene."
Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8: 897-933.
*(From chapter no 1 ref 29) (Smitha et al., 2004)
*(From chapter no 1 ref 29) (Smitha et al., 2004)
62. [11]. BODDEKER K.W.; J. Membr. Sci, 51, 259, 1990.
63. (Sridhar et al., 2000) Sridhar, S., R. Ravindra and A. A. Khan (2000). "Recovery of
monomethylhydrazine liquid propellant by pervaporation technique." Industrial &
Engineering Chemistry Research 39(7): 2485-2490.
64.(Koops and Smolders (1991) Koops, G. H. and C. A. Smolders (1991). Chapter 5 -
estimation and evaluation of polymeric materials for pervaporation membranes.
Pervaporation membrane separation processes. R. Y. M. Huang. Amsterdam, The
Netherlands, Elsevier Science Publishers: 253-278.
65. (Ray et al., 1999a) Ray, S. K., S. B. Sawant, J. B. Joshi and V. G. Pangarkar (1999a).
"Methanol selective membranes for separation of methanol-ethylene glycol mixtures by
pervaporation." Journal of Membrane Science 154: 1-13.
*(FROM CHAPTER NO 1, REFERNCE 15) [Feng and Huang 1997]
66. [12] KOOPS G.H, SMOLDERS C.A.; Estimation and Evalu ation of Polymeric Materials for
Pervaporation Membranes; in: Pervaporation Membrane Separation Processes; R. Y. M. Huang (Ed.);
Amsterdam, 253, 1991.
67. [23] 23. ROIZARD D, JONQUIERES A, LEGER C, NOEZAR I, PERRIN L, NGUYEN Q.T,
CLEMENT R, LENDA H, LOCHON P, NEEL J.; Sep. Sci. Technol. 34, 369, 1999.
68.[24]. KONDO M, KOMORI M, KITA H, OKAMOTO K.; J. Membr. Sci. 133, 133, 1997.
69.[25.] VELTEROP F.M, Pervatech selective ceramic membranes Information leaflet, Pervatech, 1999.
70.[27]. M. ZHOU, M. PERSIN, W. KUJAWSKI, J. SARRAZIN; J. Membr. Sci. 108, 193, 1995.
*(FROM CHAPTER NO 2, REFERNCE 36) [Huang 1990]
*(FROM CHAPTER NO 1, REFERNCE 15) [Feng and Huang 1997]
71. [Chiellini 2003] Chiellini, E., A. Corti, S. D'Antone, and R. Solaro, Biodegradation of poly (vinyl
alcohol) based materials, Progress in Polymer Science, 28, 963–1014 (2003).
72. [Finch 1973]. Finch, C.A., Polyvinyl Alcohol, Properties and Applications, Wiley-Interscience,
New York (1973).
*(FROM CHAPTER NO 2, REFERNCE 36) [Huang 1990]
73.[Volkov 1994]. Volkov, V.V., Separation of liquids by pervaporation through polymeric
membranes, Russian Chemical Bulletin, 43, 187–198 (1994).
74. [Rhim et al. 2002]. Rhim, J.-W., S.-W. Lee, and Y.-K. Kim, Pervaporation separation of water–
ethanol mixtures using metal-ionexchanged poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/sulfosuccinic acid (SSA)
membranes, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 85, 1867–1873 (2002).
75. [Peters et al. 2006] Peters, T.A., C.H.S. Poeth, N.E. Benes, H.C.W.M. Buijs, F.F. Vercauteren,
and J.T.F Keurentjes, Ceramicsupported thin PVA pervaporation membranes combining high flux and high
selectivity; contradicting the flux-selectivity paradigm, Journal of Membrane Science, 276, 42–50 (2006).
*(FROM CHAPTER NO 1, REFERNCE 10) Binning et al. [1961].
76.[1] Myers, Richard L.; Myers, Rusty L. (2007). The 100 most important chemical compounds:
a reference guide. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. pp. 122.ISBN 0313337586.
77.[9] CRC Handbook of Chemistry, 44th ed
78.[10]  Windholz, Martha (1976). The Merck index: an encyclopedia of chemicals and drugs (9th ed.). Rahway, N.J.,
U.S.A: Merck. ISBN 0-911910-26-3
79.[11] Morrison, Robert Thornton; Boyd, Robert Neilson (1972). Organic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Allyn and
Bacon, inc
80.[12] Dahlmann U, Schneider GM (September 1989). "(Liquid + liquid) phase equilibria and critical
curves of (ethanol + dodecane or tetradecane or hexadecane or 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane) from 0.1
MPa to 120.0 MPa". J Chem Thermodyn. 21 (9): 997–1004. doi:10.1016/0021-9614(89)90160-2.
81.[13] "Encyclopedia of chemical technology". Encyclopedia of chemical technology. 9. 1991. pp. 813.
82.[14] Costigan MJ, Hodges LJ, Marsh KN, Stokes RH, Tuxford CW (1980). "The Isothermal
Displacement Calorimeter: Design Modifications for Measuring Exothermic Enthalpies of Mixing". Aust J
Chem. 33 (10): 2103–19
83.[15] Lei Z, Wang H, Zhou R, Duan Z (2002). Chem Eng J. 87: 149–56
84.[16] Pemberton RC, Mash CJ (September 1978). "Thermodynamic properties of aqueous non-
electrolyte mixtures II. Vapour pressures and excess Gibbs energies for water + ethanol at 303.15 to
363.15 K determined by an accurate static method". J Chem Thermodyn. 10 (9): 867–
88. doi:10.1016/0021-9614(78)90160-X.
85.[7] Braun, Charles L.; Sergei N. Smirnov (1993). "Why is water blue?" (HTML). J. Chem.
Educ. 70 (8): 612

53. [Van Oss et al. 1983] Van Oss, C.J., J. Visser, D.R. Absolom, S.N. Omenyi, and A.W. Neuman,
The concept of negative haymaker coefficients. II. Thermodynamics, experimental evidence and
applications, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 18, 133–148 (1983).
54.[ Lee et al. 1989] Lee, Y.M., D. Bourgeois, and G. Belfort, Sorption, diffusion, and pervaporation
of organics in polymer membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, 44, 161–181 (1989).
55. [Shimidzu and Yoshikawa 1991], Shimidzu, T., and M. Yoshikawa, Chapter 7. Synthesis of
novel copolymer membranes for pervaporation, in Pervaporation Membrane Separation Processes, ed. by
R.Y.M. Huang, Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 321–361 (1991).
*(FROM CHAPTER NO 2, REFERNCE 39) [Matsuura 1994]
56.[Pawlish et al. 1987], ] Pawlish, C.A., A. Macris, and R.L. Laurence, Solute diffusion in polymers.
1. The use of capillary column inverse gas chromatography, Macromolecules, 20, 1564–1578 (1987).
57.[Pawlish et al. 1988 Pawlish, C.A., J.R. Bric, and R.L. Laurence, Solute diffusion in polymers. 2.
Fourier estimation of capillary column inverse gas chromatography data, Macromolecules, 21, 1685–1698
(1988).