Administration Consultants Systems Trainers Directorate Total

Respondent Number 15 49 8 6 21 99
Cumulative proportion 0.151515152 0.64646465 0.727273 0.787879 1 155
Total employee Number 31 73 17 10 24 155
Cumulative proportion 0.2 0.67096774 0.780645 0.845161 1
Difference 0.048484848 0.0245031 0.053372 0.057283 0
D critical 0.136685143
Testing the representativeness of a Sample
The D value is the largest absolute difference between the cumulative observed proportion and the cumulative proportion
expected on the basis of the hypothesized distribution. The computed D is compared to a table of critical values of D in
the Kolmogorov-Smirnov One-Sample Test, for a given sample size.

For samples > 35, the critical value at the .05 level is approximately 1.36/SQRT(n), where n = sample size.
If the computed D is less than the critical value, the researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis that the distribution
of the criterion variable is not different from the hypothesized (ex., normal) distribution.
Group 1 Group 2
DL CL
94 90
89 91
76 83
85 81
88 74
65 60
70 69
72 63
68 62
64 63
To investigate the effectiveness of distance learning in math teaching.
A high school class was divided into two groups. Group 1 received one
semester's math lectures from distance learning mechanism, group 2
received regular class room lectures. At the end of the semester,
both groups attempted the same math test. Their scores were recorded
in the table on the left. Is there a difference on the scors achived by
these two groups?
Q2. From the survey data,is there a difference between male and female
students on the frequency of checking email
Contract Winning bid price DOT estimate
1 3427 3200
2 1950 1631
3 844 842
4 2661 2035
5 503 510
6 1028 957
7 977 895
8 1320 1315
A state Department of Transportation (DOT) awards road construction contracts to the
lowest bidder. This process works extremely well when the bids are competitive, but it
has the potential to increase the cost of construction to the DOT if bids are
noncompetitive or if collusive practices are present. To investigate the possibility of
collusive practices among bidders on its road construction jobs, the DOT recorded the
winning bid price and estimated job cost for each of the last eight jobs awarded. The data
(in thousands of dollars) are shown in the above table. Is there statistical difference
between the winning bid price and estimated job cost?
A B C D
191.5 100.5 35.3 86
208.5 147.5 50 140
255 115 160 120
375 210 59.9 72.9
205 155 38.5 72
191.5 127.5 105.9 68.7
189 115 312 90
139 110 84.5 100
138 183 68.5 97
162 107.5 160 84
You want to compare the property sales
prices in Sydney, NSW. Independent
random samples of 10 properties were
selected from each of 4 different
neighborhoods (A,B,C,D)
No. of IT course taken Frequency of Checking Email
No. of IT course taken 1
Frequency of Checking Email -0.889934467 1
Excel does report siginficance of this test
We need to check the distribution table for it;
Degree of freedom is the number of cases - 2
Online r distribution table: helios.bto.ed.ac.uk/bto/statistics/table6.html#Correlation%20coefficient
http://helios.bto.ed.ac.uk/bto/statistics/table6.html#Correlation%20coefficient
freuqncy of using WebCT No. of IT course taken Frequency of Checking Email
freuqncy of using WebCT 1
No. of IT course taken -0.335279996 1
Frequency of Checking Email 0.325579575 -0.889934467 1
Suppose both -0.335 and 0.326 has a p-value > 0.05
Suppose -0.889 has a p-value < 0.001

Find the correlation of Number of IT course taken and
Frequency of sending E-mail from the survey data
Name Year Salary
Adam 7 26075
Bill 28 79370
Kathy 23 66726
Ruth 18 41983
Ralph 19 62308
Robert 15 41154
Tom 24 53610
Margaret 13 33697
Mary 2 22444
Alice 8 32562
Ethan 20 43076
Uma 21 56000
Peter 18 58667
David 7 22210
Linda 2 20520
We collected data about the salaries (y) and years of
experience (x) from a sample of 15 auditors. Are there
any relationship between the salary and the years of
experience? How strong is the relationship? Can we
predict what salary an auditor with 10 years experience
would receive?

Campus computing resources usage survey result
ID Age Gender Faculty freuqncy of using WebCT No. of IT course taken Frequency of Checking Email
1 20 1 1 3 7 2
2 19 1 1 3 5 2
3 25 0 3 4 1 5
4 24 0 4 4 4 5
5 21 1 2 2 8 1
6 18 0 1 1 1 6
7 22 0 2 3 5 2
8 17 0 1 3 1 6
9 21 1 2 3 6 2
10 20 1 2 4 7 2
11 23 1 3 4 4 4
12 24 0 4 4 1 6
13 21 0 1 2 8 2
14 23 0 4 3 2 6
15 22 1 4 4 3 4
16 22 1 3 3 2 6
17 23 0 1 2 12 1
18 21 0 1 3 7 2
19 20 1 1 1 6 2
20 21 1 1 2 6 1
Variable Description Column number
ID Respondent ID A
Age Respondent's age B
gender Respondent's gender C
0 = male
1 = female
Faculty D
Frequency of using WebCT E
No. of IT course taken F
Frequency of Checking Email G
Respondents' Faculty
1 = Science
2 = Engineering
3 = Arts
4 = Economics
How frequently do you use
WebCT
1 = Never
2 = Less than 10 times per semester
3 = Once per week
4 = 2 or more times per week
How many IT-related courses you
have taken so far
How often do you check your university email
account?
1 = Never
2 = Less than 10 times per semester
3 = Once per week
4 = Several times per week
5 = Once per day
6 = Several times per day