ENGINEERING PROBLEM

SOLVING WITH MATLAB

AND MAPLE
MS-ESPM
2014
MODULE 1
2
MATLAB
Engineering Problem Solving with MATLAB and MAPLE
Module Content Details
1 Starting with MATLAB
MATLAB Windows, Working in the Command Window
Using MATLAB as an Engineering Calculator
Display Format
2 Basic Mathematics Arithmetic, Algebra, Solving Equations, User Defined Functions
3 Vector and Array
Creating Vector and Matrix, Matrix Operations
Addressing Elements
4 Script Files and Programming
Creating, Saving and Running a Script File
Input and Output, Functions
5 2 D Graphics
Plot of Data and Function, Multiple Plots, Formatting Plots
Pie, Histogram and Polar Plots
6 Curve Fitting and Inetrpolation
Polynomials, Roots, Addition, Multiplication of Polynomials
Division and Derivatives of Polynomials
Curve Fitting and Interpolation
7 3 D Plots Line, Mesh and Surface Plots, View Command
8 Applications
Solving Equation, Finding a Minimum or Maximum of a
Function
Differentiation and Integration
Ordinary Differential Equation, Partial Differential Equations
9 Introduction to MAPLE
Basic Mathematics with MAPLE (Algebra, Trigonometry,
Calculus)
Simple Plots
10 Application Example for MAPLE Ordinary Differential Equation and Partial Differential Equations
11 Introduction to SIMULINK Basic Blocks of Simulink
Matlab (Matrix laboratory) is an interactive software system for
numerical computations and graphics.
3
MATLAB
1. Introduction
As the name suggests, Matlab is especially designed for matrix
computations: solving systems of linear equations, computing
eigenvalues and eigenvectors, factoring matrices, and so forth.
In addition, it has a variety of graphical capabilities, and can be
extended through programs written in its own programming
language.
Many such programs come with the system; a number of these
extend Matlab's capabilities to nonlinear problems, such as the
solution of initial value problems for ordinary differential equations.
4
MATLAB
Matlab is designed to solve problems numerically, that is, in finite-
precision arithmetic. Therefore it produces approximate rather than
exact solutions, and should not be confused with a symbolic
computation system (SCS) such as Mathematica or Maple.
It should be understood that this does not make Matlab better or
worse than an SCS; it is a tool designed for different tasks and is
therefore not directly comparable.
2. MATLAB Windows
Default Windows Other Windows
Command Window Help Window
Current Directory Window Editor Window
Workspace Window Figure Window
Command History Window
5
MATLAB
3. Working in the Command Window
Click in the Command Window to make it active. When a window
becomes active, its title bar darkens. It is also likely that your cursor
will change from outline form to solid or from light to dark, or it may
simply appear. Now you can begin entering commands.
Several Commands can be types in the same line. This is done by
typing a comma between the commands. When the Enter key is
pressed the commands are executed in order from left to right.
It is not possible to go back to a previous line in the command
window, make a correction and re-execute the command.
A previously typed command can be recalled to the command
prompt with the up-arrow key (). When the command is
displayed at the command prompt, it can be modified if needed
and executed. The down-arrow key () can be used to move down
the previously typed commands.
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MATLAB
To enter a statement that is too long to be typed in one line, use
three periods, , followed by Enter.
You can suppress output to the screen by adding a semicolon (;)
after the statement.
When the symbol % is typed in the beginning of a line, the line is
designated as a comment.
clc Command
The clc command clears the Command Window. You can also place
cursor on the Command window and press the right button of the
mouse.
Aborting
To interrupt a running program press simultaneously the Ctrl-c keys.
7
MATLAB
4. Saving and Reloading Work
To save your current workspace select Save Workspace asfrom
the File menu. Chose a name for your file, e.g. filename.mat and
next click on Save. Remember that the file you just created must be
located in MATLAB's search path.
To load contents of the file named filename into MATLAB's
workspace type load filename in the Command Window. You can
also select open from the File menu.
5. Arithmetic Operations of Scalars
You can use MATLAB to do arithmetic as you would do with a
calculator. You can use + to add, - to subtract, * to multiply, / or \ to
divide, and ^ to exponentiation.
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MATLAB
Order of Precedence
First Parentheses. For nested parentheses, inner most ate
executed first.
Second Exponentiation
Third Multiplication, Division (equal precedence)
Fourth Addition and Subtraction
Using MATLAB as a Calculator
This can be done by typing a mathematical expression in the
Command Window and pressing Enter.
9
MATLAB
6. Display Formats
FORMAT Set output format. FORMAT with no inputs sets the
output format to the default appropriate for the class of the variable.
For float variables, the default is FORMAT SHORT.
FORMAT SHORT Scaled fixed point format with 5 digits.
FORMAT LONG Scaled fixed point format with 15 digits
for double and 7 digits for single.
FORMAT SHORT E Floating point format with 5 digits.
FORMAT LONG E Floating point format with 15 digits for
double and 7 digits for single.
FORMAT SHORT G Best of fixed or floating point format
with 5 digits.
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MATLAB
FORMAT LONG G Best of fixed or floating point format
with 15 digits for double and 7 digits for
single.
FORMAT SHORT
ENG
Engineering format that has at least 5
digits and a power that is a multiple of
three
FORMAT LONG
ENG
Engineering format that has exactly 16
significant digits and a power that is a
multiple of three.
FORMAT HEX Hexadecimal format.
FORMAT + The symbols +, - and blank are printed
for positive, negative and zero elements.
Imaginary parts are ignored.
FORMAT BANK Fixed format for dollars and cents.
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MATLAB
FORMAT RAT Approximation by ratio of small integers.
Numbers with a large numerator or large
denominator are replaced by *.
FORMAT
COMPACT
Suppresses extra line-feeds.
FORMAT LOOSE Puts the extra line-feeds back in.
7. Elementary Mathematical Functions
sqrt: square root function
sin, cos, tan: trigonometric functions
sind, cosd, tand: trigonometric functions when angle is in degree
asin, acos, atan: inverse trigonometric functions
sinh, cosh, tanh: hyperbolic functions
asinh, acosh, atanh: inverse hyperbolic functions
12
MATLAB
exp, log, log10: exponential functions
real, imag, conj: real, imaginary parts of a complex number, and the
complex conjugate number
abs, angle: absolute value of a complex number, and the phase angle
of a complex number
round: rounding to the nearest integer
floor: rounding to the smallest integer
ceil: rounding to the largest integer
fix: rounding to the smallest integer if positive and to the largest
integer if negative
sign: 1 if positive, 0 if zero, and 1, if negative
mod, rem: remainders upon division
factorial: factorial of an integer number
factor: factorize an integer number into prime numbers
13
MATLAB
8. Variables and Assignments
A variable is a name made of a letter or a combination of several
letters (and digits) that is assigned a numerical value. Once a
variable is assigned a numerical value, it an be used in mathematical
expressions, in functions, and in any MATLAB statements and
commands.
Variable names can contain letters, digits and the underscore
character.
Variable names must begin with a letter.
MATLAB is case sensitive; it distinguishes between uppercase and
lowercase letters. For example AA, Aa, aA and aa are four different
variables.
Avoid using the names of a built-in-function for a variable.
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MATLAB
9. Predefined Variables
A number of frequently used variables are already defined when
MATLAB is started.
ans A variable that has the value of the last expression that
was not assigned to a specific variables.
pi The number .
eps The smallest difference between two numbers (2
-52
).
inf Used for infinity.
i, j Defined as (-1).
NaN Not a number
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MATLAB
10. Managing Variables
clear Removes all variables from the memory.
Clear x, y, z Removes only variables x, y, and z from the
memory.
who Displays a list of the variables currently in the
memory.
whos Displays a list of the variables currently in the
memory and their size together with information
about their bytes and class.
11. Errors in Input
If you make an error in an input line, MATLAB will beep and print
an error message. Note that MATLAB places a marker (a vertical line
segment) at the place where it thinks the error might be; however, the
actual error may have occurred earlier or later in the expression.