CHAPTER-1 PROTEIN

1- What is the primary structure of protein? ( definition, abbreviation, of 20 standard

amino acids, major bonds)
2- What is the secondary structure of protein?(definition, major bonds, types)
3- What is the tertiary structure of proteins?( major bonds)
4- What is the denaturation of protein?(definition and factors)

CHAPTER-2 NUCLEIC ACID

1- What is the primary structure of DNA?(definition, basic unit, major bonds)
2- What is the secondary structure of DNA?(definition, major bonds)
3- What is the primary structure of RNA?(definition, basic unit, major bonds)
4- What is the secondary structure of RNA? (Structure pattern, two parts associated
to the function?

CHAPTER-3 ENZYME
1- What is enzyme?
2- As a biocatalyst, how many characteristics does enzyme have?
3- What is the specificity of enzyme?(definition and classification)
4- What is coenzyme?(definition, the relationship between the coenzyme and VB)
5- How many factors can affect the activity of enzyme?
CHAPTER-4 CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
1- What is glycolysis?(definition, rate-limited enzymes and relations, significance)
2- What is kreb’s cycle?(rate-limited enzymes and reactions, characteristics)
3- What is the significance of pentose phosphate pathway or PPP?
4- What is the significance of aerobic oxidation of glucose?
5- What is gluconeogenesis?(definition, materials, major reactions, rate limited
enzymes and reactions)
6- What is glycogen?(definition, rate-limited enzymes and reactions)
7- What are the sources and fates of BS?
8- How can hormones regulate BS level?( name of hormones, results of regulation)

CHAPTER-5 LIPID METABOLISM

1- What is the metabolism of lipoprotein?(sources and fate)
2- What is B-oxidation of fatty acid?(major steps)
3- What is ketobody?(definition, component, formation, utilization, ketosis)
4- How many type of substances does cholesterol turn into the human body?
5- What is lecithin?( chemical composition)

CHAPTER-6 AMINO ACID METABOLISM

1- What is essential amino acid?(definition and names)
2- What is combinative deamination?(definition, enzymes)
3- What is metabolism of A-ketoacid?
4- What are the sources of ammonia?
5- What is ornithine cycle or urea cycle?
6- What is single carbon unit?( definition, carries and name of common single
carbon units)
CHAPTER-7 THE SYNTHESIS OF DNA
1- What is semi conservative replication?
2- What is the system of DNA replication?(substrates, enzymes and others)
3- The definition of DNA damage and the types of DNA damage?
4- The definition of DNA repairing and the types of DNA repairing. Excision.
5- What is reverse transcription?

CHAPTER-8 THE SYNTHESIS OF RNA

1- What is the system of transcription?(substrate and RNA polymerase in prokaryote
and eukaryote)
2- State the procedure of transcription?
3- State the post transcriptional processing of mRNA?
4- What is exon and intron?

CHAPTER-9 THE SYNTHESIS OS PROTEIN

1- What is system of translation or protein synthesis?(substrate, mRNA, tRNA,
rRNA, enzymes and others)
2- State the definition of triplet code and the characteristic of genetic code?
3- State the procedure of protein synthesis on detail?
4- What is post translational processing?

CHAPTER-10 GENE ENGINEERING

1- Enzyme in gene engineering?
2- Procedures of gene engineering?