Define the borders of the Diaphragm and pelvic inlet.

Inferiorly, continuous with pelvic cavity

abdomen
ID osteological
landmarks
Costal margins
Pubic tubercle
Pubic symphysis
ASIS
Describe the layers of Skin, Camper’s fascia, Scarpa’s fascia, deep fascia, external oblique, internal
the abdominal wall oblique, transversus abdominis, tranversalis fascia, peritoneum
Describe features of the Longest and most superficial muscle, muscular on lateral sides and
external oblique muscle, aponeurotic medially, forms inguinal ligament and superficial inguinal ring,
incl. borders 5th rib to pubic tubercle
Innervation of external Inferior thoracoabdominal nerves, T7-T12
oblique
Functions of external Protects viscera, forced expiration, rotate and flex trunk
oblique muscle
Borders of internal Inguinal ligament to costal margin
oblique
Innervation of internal Inferior 6 thoracoabdominal nerves and 1st lumbar nerve
oblique
Functions of internal Similar to external oblique muscle, also has an aponeurosis at the medial
oblique portion and fibers spread out like a fan
Features of the Innermost muscle, fibers run horizontal, forms conjoint tendon, medial
transversus abdominis portion is aponeurotic, borders are 7th costal cartilage to pubis
muscle, incl. borders
Innervation of Same as internal oblique
transversus abdominis
Functions of the Compress and support viscera, forced expiration
transversus abdominis
muscle
Features of transversalis Membranous sheet made out of CT, forms deep inguinal ring
fascia
Name the layers of the Skin, superficial fascia, deep fascia, anterior rectus sheath, rectus abdominis
anteromedial wall muscle, posterior rectus sheath, transversalis fascia, parietal peritoneum
Features of rectus sheath 3 muscles end in the middle to form a sheetlike aponeurosis, 2 sides interlace
at the linea alba
What is the arcuate line? The ending of the posterior rectus sheath creates the arcuate line
ID linea alba Fibrous band created by interlacing of all 3 aponeuroses , contains umbilical
ring
ID arcuate line
ID tendinous insertions The “lines” of the bricks on the rectus sheath, appears as linea semilunaris in
surface anatomy
ID rectus abdominis Intermediate level of depth, located below the anterior rectus sheath
muscle
Border of rectus 5th costal cartilage to pubis
abdominis
Innervation of rectus Inferior 6 thoracoabdominal nerves
abdominis
Actions of rectus sheath Flexes trunk, forced expiration
ID superior and inferior Superior - from internal thoracic artery
epigastric vessels Inferior – from the external iliac artery
Both arteries anastomose around the umbilical region
Describe adult 1 Median fold, covers median umbilical ligament
derivatives of fetal 2 Medial umbilical folds, cover remnant fetal arteries
umbilical vessels 2 Lateral umbilical folds, cover inferior epigastric vessels
ID umbilical folds
Describe features and Oblique passageway, runs inferior and medially
boundaries of inguinal Anterior: Aponeurosis of external oblique
canal Posterior: Transversalis fascia
Roof: Arching fibers of internal oblique and transverse abdominis
Floor: Inguinal ligament
ID deep inguinal ring Outpouching of transversalis fascia
ID spermatic cord,
ductus deferens, and
round ligament of uterus
Describe how spermatic Testes develop behind the peritoneum, gubernaculum attaches to the testes in
cord & testes got the inguinal region of abdominal wall, testes descend follow the path of
coverings processus vaginalis  enter deep inguinal ring  through inguinal canal 
out superficial ring  scrotum
Name the contents of the Ductus deferens, testicular artery, artery of the ductus deferens, cremaster
spermatic cord artery, pampiniform plexus (venous plexus), sympathetic and parasympathetic
nerve fibers, genitofemoral nerve, lymphatic vessels
Name the borders of the Inferior epigastric vessels, rectus abdominis, inguinal ligament
inguinal triangle
Describe the differences Indirect: Direct:
b/w direct and indirect Caused by persistent processus Caused by repeated trauma and weakening
inguinal hernia vaginalis of inguinal floor
Outside of inguinal triangle Through inguinal triangle
Traverses entire inguinal canal Hernia traverses through part of inguinal
Commonly enters the scrotum canal
Almost never in scrotum