Toward a Unified Ontology of

Cloud Computing
Lamia Youseff Maria Butrico,
University of California, Dilma Da Silva
Santa Barbara IBM T.J. Watson Research Center

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In the Cloud

• Several Public Cloud Computing Offerings

* Nimbus @ University of Chicago

* Stratus @ University of Florida

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In the Cloud

Service Oriented Architectures (SOA)

Hardware as a service (HAAS)

Hardware-assisted Virtualization

Paravirtualization Peer-to-Peer Computing

Software as a service (SAAS)
Distributed and Grid Computing
Map-Reduce Data as a service (DAAS)

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Goal of our study
• Understanding the cloud computing
landscape
– Dissection of cloud computing field
• Five main layers
– Depict inter-relationship between the layers
– Depict inter-dependency on preceding
technologies

• Our Contribution

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Outline

• Introduction: In the cloud

• Goal of our study
• Motivation
• Classification Methodology
• Cloud Ontology
• Research Opportunities and Discussions
• Questions

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Classification Methodology
• Principle of Composibility (SOA)

• Stack of layers
– One Cloud layer is higher in stack
• If its services can be composed of the services
of underlying layers.
– Cloud services belong to same layer if they
have equivalent levels of abstraction
• Evident by their targeted users

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Proposed Cloud Ontology

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Layer 1: Cloud Application

Software as a Service (SaaS)

• Favorable benefits to its users
• Favorable benefits to its developers
• Construction and Composibility of SaaS.
• Limitations
– Availability of Applications
– Security of Data
– Legacy Application Migration
– Disaster recovery
– Reliable SLA.

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 Cloud S/W
Layer 2:
Environment
• Platform as a service (PaaS)
– Provides APIs and runtime environment
• Favorable benefits to users; i.e developers

• Favorable benefits to the provider

• Example:
open-source map-reduce
Hadoop

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Layer 3:Cloud S/W
Infrastructure
• Provides fundamental S/W resources
• Composed of three constituents
 Computational Resources
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
 Enabled by Virtualization
 Limitations in Performance Isolation

 Data Storage (DaaS)

 High Availability, reliability, performance,
replication, data consistency.
 Conflicting goals:
– Consistency vs availability
 Different Approaches

 Communications (CaaS)
 Provides network communications with QoS
 Research Opportunities:
– Traffic Isolation, Guaranteed message-delay ,
– Dynamic provision of overlays

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Layer 4: Software Kernel
• Basic software management of Physical servers.
e.g. OS Kernel, hypervisor, VMM, clustering middleware
• Grid and Cluster Computing
e.g. Globus and Condor
• Further integration of Grid Research to Cloud
computing research
– Micro-economics grid models
• For pricing, metering and
supply demand equilibrium.
– Cloud  Utility computing

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Layer 5: Firmware and
Hardware
• Hardware as a Service (HaaS)
– Actual Physical Hardware
• Favorable benefits to users, i.e. Enterprise users
• Favorable benefits to providers
• Challenges :
– Scalable, easy and fast bare-hardware provisioning
– Remote scriptable boot-loaders.
• Example:
IBM Kittyhawk, and
IBM-Morgan Stanley’04 lease

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Proposed Cloud Ontology
Software as a Service
(SaaS)

Platform as a Service
(PaaS)

Infrastructure
as a Service
(IaaS)

Data Storage Communications

as a Service as a Service
(DaaS) (CaaS)

Hardware
as a Service
(HHaaS)

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Discussion
• Business incentive for cloud computing
• Pricing models
– Tiered-pricing
– Per-unit pricing
– Subscription based pricing
• Security and Privacy concerns in the cloud
• Monitoring for cloud systems
• Clouds for HPC systems

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 Questions
Lamia Youseff
lyouseff@cs.ucsb.edu
http://www.cs.ucsb.edu/~lyouseff

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Motivation
• Assist scientific community to expedite
contribution to an emerging field
– Defining Inter-relationship enables enhancing
features.
Example: supporting High Availability and Resilience
Example: Allowing inter-operability between cloud offerings

– Defining Interdependency on preceding

technologies enables identifying limitations and
optimization opportunities

– Simplify the Educational Efforts

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