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200
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N
E
S
W
I
S
F dS D
Z
P
Z
F
y
dydx C
Z
Q
Z
F
y
dzdx C
Z
R
Z
F
z
dxdy
D
ZZ
V
Z
@F
x
@x
C
@F
y
@y
C
@F
z
@z

dxdydz
Plain T
E
X with PostScript
Integrating Plain T
E
X and PostScript Graphics
Dr William Maguire
Consulting Engineer
Plain T
E
X with PostScript
Integrating Plain T
E
X and PostScript Graphics
Dr William Maguire
Consulting Engineer
Plain T
E
X with PostScript
c William Maguire 2011
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information
storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and
publisher.
Published by William Maguire c William Maguire 2011
T
E
X
R
is a trademark of the T
E
X User Group and PostScript
R
is a registered trademark of
Adobe Systems Incorporated. Mac
R
and OS X
R
are trademarks of Apple Incorporated and
Windows
R
is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Unix
R
is a registered trademark of The
Open Group in the United States and other countries.
BBEdit
R
and TextWrangler
R
are trademarks of Bare Bones Software Incorporated. Other
propriety names used in the book are registered trademarks, and where possible this is indicated
within the text.
iv
PREFACE
Part 1 of the book introduces plain T
E
X, which is a free powerful typesetting suite of
programs available from the T
E
X User Group at http://www.tug.org.
This book was written to describe and dene various T
E
X templates for producing a range
of document styles with the minimum of coding, to allow typesetting of:
(1) a basic document such as a novel;
(2) an historical treatise;
(3) an engineering or scientic report;
(4) a technical book (including this book);
(5) a letter and an envelope;
(6) curriculum vitae (Resume); and
(7) various tables.
This is a sample of possible documents that should not be taken as the denitive list. For
example, no specic templates are provided for legal documents but the templates that are
provided could be adapted to suit.
Furthermore, the aim was to keep the macro denitions to an absolute minimum and to
provide a facility for incorporating graphic images (including tables, gures and plates,
produced with T
E
X, PostScript and other programs, into the more demanding document
structures.
More advanced T
E
X templates should provide the macros or code to:
(a) set the page size;
(b) automatically number chapters, sections, sub-sections and sub-subsections, plates,
gures and tables, and generate a table of contents, including the preface (or fore-
word), the contents and appendices;
(c) produce boxed paragraphs with or without drop shadows;
(d) produce time and date stamps;
(e) dene special symbols and characters; and
(f) create X
E
T
E
X documents that use any system font.
To keep the number of new macros to a minimum, tried and tested macro packages,
including Eplain and colortab have been used.
Part 2 of the book begins with an introduction to PostScript code elements that are used
in subsequent chapters to build up useful plotting routines. Incorporating a graphic image,
no matter what the source, is almost routine in plain T
E
X but Chapter 12 describes a few
simple techniques for overlaying PostScript graphic images with elements produced in plain
T
E
X; this approach plays to the strengths of both systems, which I believe complement and
enhance one another.
Throughout the book, macros and blocks of code have been written in such a way that
they can be reused to produce different document types (T
E
X) and the development of
multifaceted vector graphics (PostScript).
All too often, computer programs are driven by what a particular programming language
offers rather than what the user desires as a nished product. This is true in the case
of object oriented programming (OOP), that offers the programmer a set of off-the-shelf
building blocks or black boxes that the programmer feels obliged to use in order to meet
his goal.
PostScript is a procedural interpretive language used to build elements of graphics and text
on a page or computer screen; it makes sense to construct procedures or modules that can
be reused in other PostScript programs. With experience and over time, these procedures
can be debugged and further rened to produce more robust and exible code.
In the days before graphics user interfaces (GUIs) programmers of procedural languages
only had to learn a few reserved words and the basic language structure, be it Fortran,
Pascal, C or Basic, before setting out to build a program. In contrast today, the OOP
programmer seems to spend a lot of time poring over manuals, trying to work out how to
piece together the building blocks.
It has been said that PostScript was designed with the primary aim of being generated
by other software and indeed it is widely used this way, but its simplicity and exibility
has attracted programmers who have even written small word-processors, for which it was
probably never intended.
I was rst attracted to PostScript when reading about the T
E
X special denition, which
when used with keywords, such as postscript, postscriptle or illustration can add PostScript
pictures, PostScript or encapsulated PostScript fromseparate les. Demonstration examples
usually show how to include mirrored text, which as we shall see in Chapter 6 is one of the
effects that can be obtained by manipulating the PostScript font matrix.
I do not consider 3D graphics in the PostScript part of the book, since this has already been
done by Casselman (2005). PSTricks and Asymptote provide powerful graphics facilities
that use L
A
T
E
Xto typeset labels and equations for high-quality PostScript output. Asymptote,
which runs on all the major operating systems including Unix, Microsoft Windows and
Mac OS X, is a programming language with a powerful C++ syntax.
Having tried the various methods of interfacing and incorporating graphics into a T
E
X
document, I believe that the simplest and most efcient approach is to produce a PDF le
outside T
E
X and import it into the master document as a graphics image in the same way as
a JPG digital photograph. I would also suggest, with the exception of simple tabbed lists,
that this is the best way of adding tables to a T
E
X document.
Rather than using the T
E
X verbatim macros to list code extracts, I opened both the T
E
X and
PostScript les in Bare Bones BBEdit, which allowed fast manipulation of the documents
and saving extracts in PDF format with colored comments. The extracts could then be sized
vi
and cropped with the Mac Preview program to provide a consistent look before importing
into the books master document.
I have not included any reference to Donald Knuths analogy of the digestive system to
describe the inner working of T
E
X nor do I mention esoteric stuff such as badness or
naughtiness! Here I will say that lines of text are placed in boxes and its badness is used by
the T
E
X page-break algorithm. If you are interested or ever need to know about the more
obscure T
E
X features, I refer you to The T
E
Xbook, (Knuth, 1986) or Salomon (1995).
In essence, it is unnecessary to know how a word-processor works to use it or to be familiar
with its source code; equally it is unnecessary to fully understand the inner workings of
T
E
X in order to use it with comparable ease and efcacy.
Section 2.16 outlines the steps needed to incorporate babel into plain T
E
X and gives an
example of specifying German as the working language. Unlike the L
A
T
E
X babel macros,
we cannot switch between languages, so the polyglots may be disappointed. Although
the babel macros were written to allow plain T
E
X users access to them, information on
their use in plain T
E
X is sparce. What we get here though is access to the 40 or so, babel
language hyphenation proles, which cover most European languages as well as Afrikaans
and Bahasa Indonesia, for example.
The table of contents generator requires changing just a few words to work with a babel
language and the modication can be completed in a matter of minutes.
The full listings of the plain T
E
X preamble used to write this book and the table of contents
generator are presented in Appendix A and involve just 400 lines or so of T
E
X. Appendix
A also includes the full listings for a plain T
E
X preamble and table of contents generator
for German, assuming that the corresponding babel hyphenation prole has been installed
previously.
The PostScript code to produce a fancy header in a European language is presented in
Section 6.8, which describes howto override the standard fonts and re-encode the font table
to make use of the ISO 8859-1 Latin fonts. This serves as an example for other tasks.
The MathTime Pro fonts have been used for the mathematical content of the book, for no
reason other than their sheer elegance.
Chapter 10 describes how PostScript may be used to produce high-quality stereographic
projections, using either the equal area (Schmidt) and equal angle (Wulff) stereonet. Sec-
tion 10.8 briey describes a front-end Objective-C program for the Mac, that automates
producing plots of up to three sets of data lines and intersecting planes. The front-end
program launches C++ programs to do the actual building as well as launching a text editor
for viewing the built EPS source code and either of the Mac OS X programs, Preview or
Skim to view and convert an EPS le to PDF format.
In closing I would like to add that I am extremely grateful to Dr Boris Veytsman, who
suggested incorporating access to babel. I would also like to thank Robin Laakso, who
offered words of great encouragement during the drafting of this book and who put me in
touch with Boris. Finally we are all indebted to Professor Donald Knuth for his generosity
in sharing T
E
X and his considerable contributions to its development and renement over
the past 30 years, and more.
William Maguire, Chiangrai July 2011
vii
CONTENTS
PREFACE v
CONTENTS ix
1 INTRODUCTION 3
1.1 T
E
X 3
1.2 T
E
X Graph Utilities 4
1.3 PostScript Background 7
2 PLAIN T
E
X ELEMENTS 11
2.1 T
E
X Fonts 11
2.2 Adobe Fonts 11
2.3 MathTime Pro Fonts 12
2.4 Other Fonts 12
2.5 Font Installation 13
2.6 Eplain 14
2.7 Page Layout 16
2.8 Headers, Footers and Footnotes 17
2.9 Rules, Boxes and Drop Shadow Boxes 18
2.10 Creating Openings in Paragraphs 20
2.11 Miscellaneous Denitions 23
2.12 Columns 25
2.13 Todays Date and Time 25
2.14 System Fonts 26
2.15 Generating Table of Contents 27
2.16 Providing European Language Support with Babel 30
3 T
E
X TEMPLATES 35
3.1 Basic Preamble 35
3.2 Book 36
3.3 Historical Treatise 36
3.4 Technical Report 37
3.5 Letter and Envelope 37
3.6 Curriculum Vitae (Resume) 42
4 T
E
X MATHEMATICS 45
4.1 Stirling Number 45
ix
Table of Contents
4.2 Zeta and Related Functions 46
4.3 Polynomials 48
4.4 Trigonometrical Functions 49
4.5 Hyperbolic Functions 50
4.6 Denite Integrals 51
4.7 Jacobian 54
4.8 Vectors 55
4.9 Elliptic Integrals 57
4.10 LaPlace Transforms 59
4.11 Nested Sum 62
4.12 Partial Differential Equations 63
4.13 Fourier Series 64
4.14 The Lucida Bright Fonts 1 66
4.15 The Lucida Bright Fonts 2 69
4.16 Additional Mathematics Exercises 70
5 T
E
X TABLES 71
5.1 Basic Tables 71
5.2 General Tables 72
5.3 Coloring Tables 79
6 POSTSCRIPT BASICS 89
6.1 Page Layout 89
6.2 Fonts 90
6.3 Line Drawing 98
6.4 Plot Markers 103
6.5 Arrows 108
6.6 Drop Shadow Boxes 111
6.7 Patterns and Shading 112
6.8 Fancy Header 118
6.9 Loops and Conditionals 120
7 LINEAR GRAPHS 123
7.1 Grid Generation 123
7.2 Scaling 125
7.3 Plotting Curves and Labelling 127
7.4 Inputting Data 128
7.5 Mathematical Functions 129
7.6 Additional Linear Graph Exercises 145
8 LOGARITHMIC GRAPHS 147
8.1 Log-Linear Plots 147
x
Table of Contents
8.2 Rainfall 151
8.3 Particle Size Distribution 153
8.4 Log Log Plots 159
9 POLAR PLOTS 163
9.1 Grid Generation 163
9.2 Log Spiral 165
9.3 Lemniscates of Bernoulli 167
9.4 Limacon 169
9.5 Buttery Curve 171
10 STEREOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 173
10.1 Equatorial Projection 173
10.2 The Schmidt and Wulff Stereonets 173
10.3 The Prolog Denitions and Variables 176
10.4 Generating Grids, Labels and Tick Marks 181
10.5 Intersection of Planes 183
10.6 Latitude and Longitude 185
10.7 Animation 187
10.8 PSStereonet Front-end for Mac 190
11 SPECIAL POSTSCRIPT 193
11.1 Numbers 193
11.2 Polygons 194
11.3 Penrose Figures 196
12 T
E
X AND POSTSCRIPT 201
12.1 Namecards 201
12.2 Mathematics in PostScript 203
12.3 The Bessel Functions 206
12.4 The Fresnel Integrals 209
12.5 The Generalized Lissajous 213
12.6 Equations in a Circle 214
12.7 Equations in a Polygon 216
12.8 Overwriting JPEG Images 219
12.9 Adding Finishing Touches to the Book 222
BIBLIOGRAPHY 227
APPENDICES
A Principal T
E
X Templates 223
B Additional T
E
X Templates 249
xi
Table of Contents
C Selected T
E
X Fonts 259
D PostScript Font Tables 267
E Linear Grid and Polar Plot Programs 275
F Bessel Functions and Fresnel Integrals 291
G Stereonet Ancilliary Programs 307
H Estimating Trend and Plunge 317
I PSStereonet Program 319
J Listings of Additional C++ Programs 331
INDEX 343
TABLES
4.1 Relationships Involving LaPlace Transforms 60
4.2 A Few Selected LaPlace Transforms 61
5.1 Information about Selected American States 71
5.2 The 25 Largest States of America 73
5.3 Aerial Photograph Interpretation 75
5.4 Automatic Rain Gauge 76
5.5 Geology of London Basin 78
5.6 The 25 Largest States of America Shaded 80
5.7 The 25 Smallest States of America Shaded 81
5.8 Geological Eras Pre-Cambrian to Cretaceous 82
5.9 Geological Eras Cenozoic 83
5.10 Summary of Piezometric Groundwater Observations 85
5.11 Translation of Some Gaelic Phrases 85
10.1 Apple Numbers Spreadsheet to Convert Compass Bearings to Angles 181
FIGURES
1.1 Plots of Trigonometrical Functions Produced with MetaPost 4
1.2 MetaPost Polygon 7
6.1 Example of Boxes Drawn with Dashed Lines 101
6.2 Plots Showing Effect of Bezier Control Points 101
6.3 Cubic and Quintic Polynomials 102
6.4 Exponential Functions 103
6.5 Partly Filled Circles 104
6.6 Partly Filled Circles with Crosses 104
6.7 Partly Filled Circles Grays 105
6.8 Partly Filled Circles with Crosses Grays 105
6.9 Arrow Display 109
xii
Table of Contents
6.10 Constructing Drop Shadow Boxes 111
6.11 Pattern Filled Shapes 113
6.12 Beethoven CD Label 117
7.1 Linear Grid 123
7.2 Limacon Curves with a < b 130
7.3 Cardioid Curves - Special Case of Limacon with a D b 131
7.4 The Catenary 133
7.5 Lemniscate of Bernoulli Three-leaved Rose 135
7.6 Lemniscate of Bernoulli Three-leaved Rose (Rotated) 136
7.7 Lemniscate of Bernoulli Four-leaved Rose 137
7.8 Lemniscate of Bernoulli Four-leaved Rose (Rotated) 138
7.9 Cycloid Cusp at Origin 140
7.10 Cycloid Vertix at Origin 140
7.11 Prolate Cycloid with a < b 141
7.12 Hyperbolic Spiral 143
7.13 Slope Stability Section 145
8.1 Log-Linear Grid 149
8.2 Log-Linear Grid with Check Values 149
8.3 Variation of Coefcient of Permeability with Depth 150
8.4 Plot of Maximum Rolling Rainfall 153
8.5 Particle Size Distribution 157
8.6 Comparison of Seismicity Worldwide and in Southern California 158
8.7 Log-Log Grid with 6 6 Cycles 159
8.8 Log-Log Plot of Functions 160
9.1 Radial Grid 164
9.2 The Logarithmic Spiral 166
9.3 The Bernoulli Curves 168
9.4 The Cardioid 170
9.5 The Buttery Curve 172
10.1 Stereographic Projection 173
10.2 The Schmidt Equal Area Stereonet 174
10.3 Comparison of the Schmidt (upper) and Wulff (lower) Stereonets 175
10.4 Calculating the Trend and Plunge at the Intersection of Two Planes 178
10.5 Reference Grid to Locate Text, Arrows and Drop Shadow Boxes 180
10.6 Curtailed Gridlines in Vicinity of North Pole 182
10.7 Stereographic Projection of Maps using Line Drawing 186
10.8 Pages Extracted from Animated PDF File Frames 50 and 95 189
10.9 PSStereonet Front-End Program for Mac OS X 190
10.10 Stereonet Plot Three Data Sets Produced using Front-End Program 191
10.11 Stereonet Plot Intersecting Planes Produced using Front-End Program 192
xiii
Table of Contents
11.1 20-Sided Polygon 196
11.2 Penrose Triangle 198
11.3 Penrose Square 198
11.4 Penrose Pentagon 199
11.5 Penrose Hexagon 199
11.6 Penrose Octagon 200
11.7 Penrose Square and Octagon 200
12.1 Namecards Produced with T
E
X and PostScript 202
12.2 Bessel Functions of the First Order 208
12.3 Plot of the Fresnel Integrals, C.x/ and S.x/ 210
12.4 Plot of the Euler Spiral using Fresnel Integrals, C.x/ and S.x/ 211
12.5 Plot of the Euler Spiral (Mirrored and Rotated) 212
12.6 Plot of the Generalized Lissajous Curve (Translated and Mirrored) 213
12.7 Equations in a Circle 215
12.8 Equations in a Polygon 217
12.9 Equations in Dodecagons 218
PLATES
10.1 Brunton 5009 GEO Pocket Transit for Measuring Dips & Strikes 181
12.1 White Bougainvillea (also found in Indonesia, India, Taiwan, Zimbab-
we, Vietnam, Malaysia and the Philippines) Photograph taken in 2006
223
12.2 Deep Red Frangipani (Plumeria ruba also found in India, Indonesia,
Sri Lanka, Laos, Mexico, Central America and Hawaii) Photograph
taken in 2006
223
12.3 Hong Kong Business District, Exchange Square, Central, Hong Kong
Island Photograph taken in 2003
224
12.4 Hong Kong Tram, Johnston Road, Wanchai, Hong Kong Photograph
taken in 2003
224
xiv
Chapter 2
Der Rede Einsteins am 22 August 1930
Verehrte An- und Abwesende!
Wenn Ihr den Rundfunk h oret, so denkt auch daran, wie die Menschen in den Be-
sitz dieses wunderbaren Werkzeuges der Mitteilung gekommen sind. Der Urquell
aller technischen Errungenschaften ist die g ottliche Neugier und der Spieltrieb des
bastelnden und gr ubelnden Forschers und nicht minder die konstruktive Phantasie des
technischen Ernders.
Denkt an Oersted, der zuerst die magnetische Wirkung elektrischer Str ome bemerk-
te, an Reis, der diese Wirkung zuerst benutzte, um auf elektromagnetischem Wege
Schall zu erzeugen, an Bell, der unter Benutzung empndlicher Kontakte mit seinem
Mikrophon zuerst Schallschwingungen in variable elektrische Str ome verwandelte.
Denkt auch an Maxwell, der die Existenz elektrischer Wellen auf mathematischem
Wege aufzeigte, an Hertz, der sie zuerst mit Hilfe des Funkens erzeugte und nachwies.
Gedenket besonders auch Liebens, der in der elektrischen Ventilr ohre ein unvergleich-
liches Sp urorgan f ur elektrische Schwingungen erdachte, das sich zugleich als ideal
einfaches Instrument zur Erzeugung elektrischer Schwingungen herausstellte. Ge-
denket dankbar des Heeres namenloser Techniker, welche die Instrumente des Radio-
Verkehres so vereinfachten und der Massenfabrikation anpassten, dass sie jedermann
zug anglich geworden sind.
Sollen sich auch alle sch amen, die gedankenlos sich der Wunder der Wissenschaft
und Technik bedienen und nicht mehr davon geistig erfasst haben als die Kuh von der
Botanik der Panzen, die sie mit Wohlbehagen frisst.
Denket auch daran, dass die Techniker es sind, die erst wahre Demokratie m oglich
machen. Denn sie erleichtern nicht nur des Menschen Tagewerk, sondern machen
auch die Werke der feinsten Denker und K unstler, deren Genuss noch vor kurzem ein
Privileg bevorzugter Klassen war, der Gesamtheit zug anglich und erwecken so die
V olker aus schl afriger Stumpfheit.
Was speziell den Rundfunk anlangt, so hat er eine einzigartige Funktion zu erf ullen
im Sinne der V olkervers ohnung. Bis auf unsere Tage lernten die V olker einander
fast ausschlielich durch den verzerrenden Spiegel der eigenen Tagespresse kennen.
Der Rundfunk zeigt sie einander in lebendigster Form und in der Hauptsache von der
liebensw urdigen Seite. Er wird so dazu beitragen, das Gef uhl gegenseitiger Fremdheit
auszutilgen, das so leicht in Misstrauen und Feindseligkeit umschl agt.
Betrachtet in dieser Gesinnung die Ergebnisse des Schaffens, welche diese Ausstel-
lung den staunenden Sinnen des Besuchers darbietet.
33
Chapter 4
Page 1 of 1 eq50.tex
Printed: 6/24/11 2:30:26 PM Printed For: William Maguire
%+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
% equation 4.50
%
$$
\PARENS{\matrix{{{\ts\partial A}\over{\ts\partial t}} \cr
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
{{\ts\partial B}\over{\ts\partial t}} \cr
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
{{\ts\partial C}\over{\ts\partial t}} \cr}} =
\PARENS{\matrix{{{\ts\partial A}\over{\ts\partial x}} & {{\ts\partial A}\over
{\ts\partial y}} & {{\ts\partial A}\over{\ts\partial z}} \cr \noalign{\vskip4pt}
{{\ts\partial B}\over{\ts\partial x}} & {{\ts\partial B}\over
{\ts\partial y}} & {{\ts\partial B}\over{\ts\partial z}} \cr
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
{{\ts\partial C}\over{\ts\partial x}} & {{\ts\partial A}\over
{\ts\partial C}} & {{\ts\partial C}\over{\ts\partial z}} \cr }}
\PARENS{\matrix{{{\ts\partial x}\over{\ts\partial t}} \cr
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
{{\ts\partial y}\over{\ts\partial t}} \cr
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
{{\ts\partial z}\over{\ts\partial t}} \cr}}
\eqno(4.50)$$
The equation uses \matrix and the MathTime Pro \PARENS for the large brackets. A
shortcut \ts is used to force the elements of the matrix to use \textstyle, which would
otherwise default to \scriptstyle. \noalign adds additional space between the rows.
4.8 Vectors
Gauss Theorem
A scalar ow of a vector function F through a surface S (closed surface integral) is equal
to the integral of r F over the volume V bounded by S, the closed volume integral.
I
S
F dS D
Z
V
r FdV .4:44/
which in cartesian coordinates is:
I
S
F dS D
Z
P
Z
F
y
dy dx C
Z
Q
Z
F
y
dz dx C
Z
R
Z
F
z
dx dy
D
ZZ
V
Z
@F
x
@x
C
@F
y
@y
C
@F
z
@z

dx dy dz .4:45/
where,
the subscripts, P, Q and R (signifying surface areas) in the second part of Equation 4.45 are
P
yz,
P
zx and
P
xy respectively.
55
T
E
X Mathematics
coefcients of vertical and horizontal permeability differ), the equation to dene the problem
is:
@u
@t
D c
vr

@
2
u
@r
2
C
1
r
@u
@r
!
Cc
v
@
2
u
@z
2
.4:68/
The settlement of a soil, beneath a loaded area is dened by:
D
Z
H
0
n dz D m
v

p
1
H
Z
H
0
u dz
!
.4:69/
where,
m
v
is the coefcient of volume change, n is an increment of a soil layer with a total
thickness of H; p
1
and u are the pressure and pore water pressure, respectively.
The settlement of a consolidation layer, is denedbythe followingsolutionof the differential
Equation 4.70.
D m
v
p
1
H
"
1
8

2
ND1
X
ND0
1
.2N C1/
2

.2NC1/
2

2
T
v
=4
#
.4:70/
where,
N is an integer from zero to 1and T
v
is a time factor, which is dened in Equation 4.71.
T
v
D
c
v
H
2
t D
k

w
m
v
t
H
2
.4:71/
where,
w
is the density of water, k is the coefcient of consolidation, H is the layer
thickness and t is time. An example of mathematics using the Lucida Bright font is
presented on the next page; it was typeset as a separate document and imported.
4.13 Fourier Series
A Fourier series breaks down a periodic function into the sum of oscillating sine and cosine
or complex exponential functions. They were introduced by the French mathematician and
Physicist, Joseph Fourier (1768-1830), who was investigating problems of heat transfer
and vibrations. They are also used extensively in electrical engineering.
The Fourier series of an even function f.t / of period T ,
f.t / D a
0
C
1
X
nD1
a
n
cos

2n
T

t .f even/ .4:72/
64
Logarithmic Graphs
Duration (hours)
M
a
x
i
m
u
m

R
o
l
l
i
n
g

R
a
i
n
f
a
l
l

(
m
m
)
LEGEND
16/06/1993
24/07/1994
1-4/07/1997
26/04/1998
24/08/2000
06/07/2001
16/07/2006
07/06/2008
Rolling rainfall at rain
gauge H04 preceding the
7 June 2008 landslide
0.01 0.1 1.0 10 100 1000
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
MAXIMUM ROLLING RAINFALL AT RAIN GAUGE H04
FOR MAJOR RAINSTORMS BETWEEN 1993 AND 2008
Figure 8.4 Plot of Maximum Rolling Rainfall
152
Stereonet Projections
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
N
E
S
W
SCHMIDT STEREONET
EQUAL AREA STEREOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
William Maguire April 9, 2011
Plotted using PSStereonet
Figure 10.7 Stereographic Projection of Maps using Line Drawing
%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
% map latitude and longitude and fill land areas
%
enhance mapping exec 0 setlinewidth clip
dataset1 maplines stroke dataset1 maplines closepath fill
dataset2 maplines stroke dataset2 maplines closepath fill
dataset3 maplines stroke dataset3 maplines closepath fill
stereonet restore % release
186
Special PostScript
PENROSE OCTAGON
Figure 11.6 Penrose Octagon
PENROSE SQUARE AND OCTAGON
Figure 11.7 Penrose Square and Octagon
200
Chapter 12
Equations in Polygon
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Figure 12.8 Equations in a Polygon
217
Plain T
E
X Templates
Page 1 of 3 preamblegerman.tex
Printed: 6/24/11 3:17:26 PM Printed For: William Maguire
%+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
% BOOK TEMPLATE
%
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% build the Thai Baht symbol
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\def\regsym{$\circ$\kern -0.375em R\kern 0.275em}
% build the Euro symbol
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{\raise 0.55ex\hbox{\vrule height 0.05em width 1.1ex}}}
\def\euro{C\kern -0.70em\rhbar\kern0.25em}
\rm\baselineskip=12.05pt % default font and line spacing
\input eplain % input the Eplain macros for graphics etc.
%+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
% set MathType Pro fonts for the mathematical content
%
\input mtp2 % load the Mathtype Pro fonts
\MTP{10.0pt}{7.7pt}{6pt} % and set sizes for mathematics
\loadbm % bold
\loadmfrak % fraktur
\loadmscript % script
% Definition of nested sum operator lambda
\def\mtplam{\MTP{22.5pt}{7.7pt}{6pt}}
\mathchardef\upnested="1183
\mathchardef\slnested="1103
\def\nestedsum{\mathop{\vcenter{\hbox{\mtplam$\upnested$}}}}
% Definition to left justify and indent equation
\def\leftjusteq#1#2#3{{\color{black}$$\displaylines{\hskip#1{#2}\hfill#3}$$}}
% Definition to center equation with left equation
\def\lefteqnocent#1#2{{\color{black}$$\displaylines{#1\hfill{#2}\hfill}$$}}
%\input verbatim/salomonverbatim % David Salomon's powerful verbatim macro
%+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
% code to place an imported image
240