HISTORY OF CANADA

1000 - 1755
The Vikings
were the
first
Europeans
to reach
North
America.
The Italian-
born navigator
John Cabot
reaches the
coasts of
Newfoundland
and Cape
Breton.
Jacques
Cartier
explored the
St. Lawrence
River,
proclaims the
sovereignty of
France over
the Gulf of St.
Lawrence.
Terranova
becomes
Britain's first
overseas
colony.
Rivalry for the
fur trade
between the
French, English
and Dutch;
Europeans
exploit existing
rivalries
between Indian
nations to form
alliances.
Samuel de
Champlain
established a
fortified
trading post
in Quebec.
The Company
of New
France is set
to rule and
exploit "New
France" -
France's
colonies in
North
America.
London
merchants
founded the
Hudson Bay
Company.
The company
has business
rights for
regions
whose rivers
drain into
Hudson Bay.
Thirty Indian
nations sign a
peace treaty
near Montreal
with the
French.
Canadian
delegates
who refused
the oath of
allegiance
were
deported
from Nova
Scotia.
Almost half of
Canadians
perished.
British Victories

War begins Seven
Years between New
France and the
larger and more
economically
powerful British
colonies. After early
French successes,
falls the town of
Quebec in 1759 and
the British advance
on Montreal.
Under the
Treaty of Paris,
Britain
acquires all
French
colonies east of
the Mississippi
including New
France, which
became the
colony of
Quebec.
The Quebec
Act
recognizes
the French
and the
Catholic
religion in
the colony.
Quebec is
divided into
Lower Canada
(now Quebec)
and Upper
Canada (now
Ontario).
Increased
immigration.
Thousands of
newcomers
from England,
Scotland and
Ireland arrive
every year.
War of 1812
between the U.S.
and Britain,
largely on the
effects of the U.S.
blockade of
French ports.
Action includes
naval battles on
the Great Lakes
and an American
attack on York
(now Toronto).
But the U.S. can
not execute their
plans to invade
Canada.
The Bank of
Montreal,
the first
permanent
bank of
British
North
America.
Fur traders in
Montreal set up
the North West
Company. The
company is a
network of
trading posts on
the west and
north; its
expeditions
reach the Pacific
coast.
The Loyalist
refugees from
the War of
American
Independence
will settle in
Nova Scotia,
Prince Edward
Island and
Quebec.
The Hudson's
Bay Company
and the North
West
Company
merge, after
years of bitter
rivalry descend
into
bloodshed.
Treatise on the
border of
Oregon
established the
border
between
British North
America and
the United
States at the
49th parallel
north latitude.
Formation of
the United
Province of
Canada
reunites
Canada East
(Lower) and
Canada West
(Upper)..
HISTORY OF CANADA


UNION OF CANADA
AUTONOMY FROM
BRITAIN
IT WAS TRUDEAU
The British North
America Act joins
Ontario, Quebec, Nova
Scotia and New
Brunswick in the
Dominion of Canada.
Louis Riel founded the
Mtis National Committee
to protect the rights of his
people and helped
organize the Red River
Rebellion. His subsequent
trial and execution aroused
debate.
Manitoba became the
fifth province,
followed by British
Colombia in 1871 and
Prince Edward Island
in 1873.
The railway
line of the
Canadian
Pacific was
completed.
The Stanley
Cup is
awarded
Klondike Gold
Rush.
Alberta and
Saskatchewan
become Canadian
provinces.
Captain JE Bernier
proclaimed Canadian
sovereignty over the
entire Arctic
Archipelago, from
Canada to the North
Pole Continental.
Outbreak of World War
II. Canada fights
alongside Britain and
France. Some French-
speaking Canadians are
wary of the move.
Election of the
first woman MP
in Canada, Agnes
Campbell
Macphail
Frederick Banting
and Charles Best
invent insulin to
treat diabetes.
A Statute of
Westminster
gives complete
autonomy to
the British
dominions.
Canada is
declared to equal
status with Great
Britain in the
Commonwealth.
Canada is co-
founder member of
NATO.
Newfoundland,
then to a British
dominion,
becomes a
province of
Canada
The present
Canadian flag
is adopted,
replacing one
which had
incorporated
the British
flag.
The bill's health
insurance plan
Saskatchewan became
the first universal
health insurance in
North America.
Outbreak of World War II.
Canadian forces fight in
Italy, in France, in
Belgium, in the Atlantic in
the Netherlands and Hong
Kong.
Pierre Trudeau's Liberal
Party wins the elections.
The Parti Quebecois
(PQ) is formed in order
to promote complete
independence of Quebec.
Members of a Quebec
separatist group, the Front
de Liberation du Quebec,
kidnap a British trade
official and murder a
Quebec minister.
A referendum is
defeated forces
for the
separation of
Quebec.
The UK
transfers final
legal power over
Canada. Canada
is now
completely free.
The country
adopts a new
constitution,
which includes a
bill of rights.
Terry Fox begins his Marathon of
Hope in St. John's, Newfoundland, to
raise funds for cancer research.
Marathon raised over $ 23 million.
The PQ
wins
elections in
Quebec.
1984-Present
Trudeau withdrew.
Elections are won by
the Progressive
Conservatives under
Brian Mulroney.
The forces for the
independence of
Quebec lost in the
referendum by a
margin of only 1%.
Canada and the U.S.
approve a free trade
agreement.
Nunavut Territory in
northwestern forms. It
is the first territory in
Canada to have a
majority indigenous
population.
Chretien is
elected as Prime
Minister of
Canada.
The former finance
minister Paul Martin is
sworn in as Prime
Minister. Jean Chretien
retires after 10 years in
office.
Heads of state and government
of countries in the Americas
meet in Canada at the Summit
of the Americas where they
reaffirmed their commitment to
build the largest free trade area
in the world by 2005.
The Liberals under Prime
Minister Paul Martin are
elected for a fourth term.
The election results give
the Liberals a minority
government, the first in
25 years.
On January 23, the Conservative Party of Canada, under the
leadership of Stephen Harper, wins the federal election and
forms a minority government. Paul Martin resigns as leader
of the Liberal Party of Canada.