The document summarizes the Belmont Report, which was published in 1979 and established ethical principles for research involving human subjects. It was a response to unjust experimentation on humans. The Belmont Report defined three basic ethical principles: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. It also provided guidelines for informed consent, assessing risks and benefits, and fair subject selection procedures. The report aimed to protect human subjects and help ensure all research is conducted ethically.
The document summarizes the Belmont Report, which was published in 1979 and established ethical principles for research involving human subjects. It was a response to unjust experimentation on humans. The Belmont Report defined three basic ethical principles: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. It also provided guidelines for informed consent, assessing risks and benefits, and fair subject selection procedures. The report aimed to protect human subjects and help ensure all research is conducted ethically.
The document summarizes the Belmont Report, which was published in 1979 and established ethical principles for research involving human subjects. It was a response to unjust experimentation on humans. The Belmont Report defined three basic ethical principles: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. It also provided guidelines for informed consent, assessing risks and benefits, and fair subject selection procedures. The report aimed to protect human subjects and help ensure all research is conducted ethically.
SUMMARY In 1970s, due to the unjust use of humans as a subject in research experiments such as the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment, the US Department of Health, Education and Welfare created a special commission that would identify the basic ethical principles that should underlie the conduct of biomedical and behavioral research involving human subjects and to develop guidelines which should be followed to assure that such research is conducted in accordance with those principles. Thus, in 1979 the concise summary of principles and guidelines to govern human research which is The Belmont Report was published. The Belmont Report defines and emphasized the 3 Basic Ethical Principles that would guide researcher regarding use of humans as a subject in the research experiments. This includes; 1. Respect for person 2. Beneficence, and 3. Justice. Whereas, it has identified the possible recognitions of the risks, benefits and obligations of a researcher towards every individual participants within the experimentation. It sighted historical examples on conducting unjust experiments on humans for the sake of improved medical treatment. Belmont Report also emphasizes the applications for comprehensive ethical principles in research involving human participants, which includes; 1. Informed consent - A critical component of respecting human participants is the informed consent process. 2. Risks and Benefits - Assessing risks and benefits means the researcher needs to assemble all data that explains why the research will obtain the benefits that are sought by the research project. 3. Subject Selection - There must be fair procedures and outcomes in the selection of research participants.
REACTION Research as defined is activity designed to test a hypothesis; contributes to generalized knowledge where the outcome permits a conclusion to be drawn. However, research has come to its boundaries specially when it comes to usage of humans as the subject. During the World War II, Nazi researchers tend to use their prisoners as their human subjects for their researches. This either provides the subject gained the effective treatment or have it their worst nightmare. The Belmont Report now, correlates to the Nuremberg Code of 1949, where it held to provide some degree of accountability for the crimes against humanity committed during the war. In the Nuremberg war trials after the World War II, the Code helps the victims of inhumane crimes and abusage done by the Nazi biomedical researchers be accounted. The code had served as the guide of every regulation regarding the use of human as a subject in the research experiments. The Belmont Report does not only serve as a guide for researchers throughout their experiments which includes humans as their subjects, but this report opens every individuals eyes towards their rights once selected. The Belmont Report gives us the idea to be more cautious in using humans as subjects. Thus, the Belmont Report emphasizes to every researcher their obligations on their clients/subjects. Their limitations once theyve started the experiment and most importantly the consistency of use on the three basic ethical Principles. Its principles emphasize a profound respect for the voluntary nature of research participation, the idea of true informed consent, and the personal ethical responsibilities of the investigator to ensure human welfare. In research, respect for persons demands that participants enter into a research program voluntarily and with good information about the research goals. In the Belmont Report, beneficence is understood in a stronger sense, as an obligation. As an example, the Do no harm is a Hippocratic principle of medical ethics though its extension into research implies that one should not injure one person regardless of the benefits that might come to others. But sometimes you cannot know that something is harmful until you try it and in the process of trying, or experimentation, persons may be exposed to risk of harm. The Hippocratic oath also requires that physicians benefit patients according to their best judgment, but again learning what will benefit may mean exposing a person to risk. In application, as nurses and one of the medical health team, we are bound to reassure that before any of the health team does something on the client, the client must be able to understand the procedures needed to be done through an informed consent. Whereas, in this proceedings, the physician will be the one to explain every procedures and the situation of the client. In research, the Belmont Report gives the client a chance to understand and could decide whether he shall or shall not be one of the subjects on the research experiment. The Belmont Report is a set of guidelines, but it is also kind of a key to history as well. Most importantly we are able to use these Belmont guidelines to see what methods were incorporated back in time.
CONCLUSION As to what we have seen and heard from the short film, I have come to a conclusion that The Belmont Report is far greater than just a set of guidelines. It is a helpful key for us to understand research better without risking lives for the benefit of others.
RECOMMENDATION With this helpful knowledge, I strongly suggest and recommends the adaptation of the report not just merely a publicized guidelines but be a law in the country. For we have seen that even these days at present there were some who uses humans as their subjects that do not care on the risks they may apply to the individual, as long as it would help them prove new technology.
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