Computer Networking - Part 1

CS 1 - Worksheet
What is networking?

Communication!

An interconnection of computers and other devices including:

Client computers

Servers (computers)

Network Devices

Hubs and Switches

Routers

Firewall

A computer network

_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________.

Computer networks include: _____________________________________________

Ethernet LANs
LAN Local Area Network

LAN (____________________________) - A network connecting computers at a single site

A LAN:

Operates within a ____________________________

Controlled by l____________________________

Allows local users to:

____________________________

Access local file servers with ____________________________

Access the Internet

Ethernet LANs

The most common LAN technology is ____________________________.

Ethernet allows computers, printers, and other devices, ____________________________, to be able

to communicate.

For devices to be able to communicate with each other over an Ethernet network, they must be

configured with:

____________________________________________________________________________

_____

What??? (We will discuss this shortly)

Creating an Ethernet Network

To start, your computer must have an

________________________________________________________.

Ethernet NICs have an ____________________________ interface or port.

________________________________________________________ are used to connect computers,

printers and other devices in the Ethernet LAN.

____________________________, i.e. Cat-5 or Cat-6 cables (Category 5, Category 6) are used to

connect computers to the hubs and switches.

Cat-5 cable connects computer ________________________________________________________.

Configuring IP (Internet Protocol)

IP Configuration

To communicate with other computers ____________________________ you need to properly

configure:

____________________________ (of your computer)

____________________________ (of your computer)

To communicate with computers ____________________________ you need to properly configure:

________________________________________________________ IP Address

To be able to ____________________________, like www.cabrillo.edu, instead of IP addresses you

need to properly configure:

____________________________ (Domain Name System) Server IP Address

IP Configuration: IP Address & Mask

To communicate with other computers on your network you need to properly configure:

IP Address (of your computer)

Subnet Mask (of your computer)

IP Internet Protocol

IP Address is the unique address of your computer on your network.

Subnet Mask is used by your computer to figure out what network it belongs to.

Analogy:

Name: RICKGRAZIANI

Mask: FFFFLLLLLLLL

The Mask tells us which part of RICKGRAZIANI is the first name (F) and which part is the last

name (L).
IP Configuration: Default Gateway

To communicate with computers outside your network you need to properly configure:

Default Gateway IP Address

Default Gateway or Router: This is the device that

________________________________________________________, including the Internet.

Any information that needs to be sent to IP Addresses outside your network is sent to the Default

Gateway or Router.
IP Configuration: DNS

To be able to use domain names, like www.cabrillo.edu, instead of IP addresses you need to properly

configure:

DNS (Domain Name System) Server IP Address

You could use IP Addresses when accessing other computers, but we would rather use names

(domain names).

Computer networks ________________________________________________________ such as:

66.94.230.47

Computer networks ________________________________________________________ such as:

www.yahoo.com

A domain name is a name that is entered into a computer (e.g. as part of a website or other

URL, or an email address) and then looked up in the global [Domain Name System] which informs the
computer of the IP address(es) with that name. (Wikipedia.com)

People are better with names than numbers, so we would rather use names when:

Accessing a web page: www.yahoo.com

Emailing a friend: Rick.Graziani@cabrillo.edu

DNS (Domain Name System) servers (computers) are used to

________________________________________________________.

The details of how DNS works.

If your DNS server does not know the answer, it will find out for you.

Setting the IP Configuration Information

IP information can be configured:

____________________________

____________________________

Using a DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Server

IP Configuration: Static Configuration

Static configuration is when the

________________________________________________________ the IP Address, Subnet Mask, Default

Gateway and DNS Server information.

IP Configuration: Dynamic Configuration

Dynamic configuration is when the IP Address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway and DNS Server

information is obtained ____________________________from a

________________________________________________________ Server.
The Internet and TCP/IP

The Internet was originally designed by ____________________________ (Defense Advanced

Research Projects Agency) in response to the

________________________________________________________, the first satellite.

Out of this came the Internet, a way for computers to communicate from different parts of the world.

These computers can be any type of computer using any type of operating system, as long as they are

using the ________________________________________________________.

What is TCP/IP? What is a protocol?

A protocol is nothing more than an

________________________________________________________.

The sender and receiver, and everyone in between, must agree on the rules, the protocol.

Protocol: An agreed form of communications.

TCP/IP is a suite of protocols.

IP (Internet Protocol) is used for sender and receiver addressing.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__.
Connecting Networks with Routers

The Internet, or simply the Net, is the

________________________________________________________.

Routers are network devices that connect two or more networks together.

________________________________________________________.

Routers only need to care about where they send the packet next.

What is the next-hop router I need to send this packet to?

DSL or Cable Modem: No Router

Routers can help protect your DSL or Cable Modem Network.

The router is

____________________________________________________________________________________.

The router is between you and the Internet.

Networks: Bandwidth and Connections

Local Area Networks

DSL
Cable Modem
Leased Lines
Modems

Bandwidth

Bandwidth - The amount of information that can flow through a network connection in a given period of

time.

Usually measured in bits per second (bps)

bps: bits per second

Kbps: thousands of bits per second

Mbps: millions of bits per second

LANs: ________________________________________________________ (or more)

Connection to ISP (Internet Service Provider)
Note: Bandwidth depends up provider, location, and service plan.

DSL:

Download: 600 Kbps to ____________________________ (or more)

Upload: 256 Kbps (or more)

Cable Modem:

Download: 600 Kbps to ____________________________ (or more)

Upload: 256 Kbps (or more)

Telephone Modem:

Up to ____________________________

Leased Lines

T1: ____________________________

T3: ____________________________

Connection to ISP: DSL

DSL (digital subscriber line) is a very high-speed connection that

____________________________________________________________________________________.
DSL: From HowStuffWorks.com

Advantages of DSL:

You can leave your Internet connection open and ____________________________.

The speed is much ____________________________

DSL ____________________________; it can use the phone line you already have.

The company that offers DSL will usually provide the modem as part of the installation.

But there are disadvantages:

A DSL connection ________________________________________________________.

The connection is ________________________________________________________ over

the Internet.

The service is not available everywhere.

Connection to ISP: Cable Modem

A cable modem is a special type of modem that is designed to modulate a data signal over cable
television infrastructure.

Cable Modem Advantages

Fast data transfers, up to 30 Mbps if using a 100BaseT NIC

Competitive pricing against competing technologies

Easy to install - home prewired

Cable Modem Disadvantages

The available bandwidth depends on the number of users on the local cable TV line segment.

There is an asymmetrical transfer rate. Upstream is slower than downstream.

There can be a bottleneck at the communication server at the head end.

Connection to ISP: Telephone Modem

A telephone modem is used to modulate and demodulate (translate) between the digital signals of the
computer and the analog signals over the telephone line.

Maximum bandwidth is only 53 Kbps.

Many companies and schools use leased lines to connect to their ISP.

Need separate phone line if you want to use the phone while connected to the Internet
Connection to ISP: Leased Lines
These are dedicated circuits between the provider and the customer.
These include:

T1: 1.5 Mbps

T3: 44.736 Mbps