BSSPAR Chapter 07 Handover

156 NOKIA 2000 BSSPARS9 J un 00
HANDOVER PROCESS
BSSPAR S9
HANDOVER PROCESS
Contents
1. Overview
2. Handover Decision
3. Target Cell Selection
4. Algorithms
5. Power Budget Handover
6. Level & Quality Handover
7. Umbrella Handover
Combined Umbrella & Power Budget
MS Speed
8. Imperative Handover
9. Timers for Handovers
10. C/I Based Handover Candidate Evaluation
11.Traffic Reason handover
HANDOVER PROCESS
Causes
Timing Advance
Adjacent Cells
Downlink Quality
Uplink Quality AV_RXQUAL_UL_HO
AV_RXQUAL_DL_HO
Downlink Level
Uplink Level AV_RXLEV_UL_HO
AV_RXLEV_DL_HO
AV_RANGE_HO
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n)
QUALITY
&
INTERFERENCE
QUALITY
&
INTERFERENCE
LEVEL
LEVEL
DISTANCE
DISTANCE
PERIODIC
CHECKS
UMBRELLA
UMBRELLA
POWER BUDGET
POWER BUDGET
IMPERATIVE
HO
CHANNEL ADMINISTRATION
CHANNEL ADMINISTRATION
DIRECTED RETRY
DIRECTED RETRY
THRESHOLD
COMPARISON
RAPID FIELD DROP
RAPID FIELD DROP
Others:
Intelligent Underlay Overlay
Traffic Reason
.
MS SPEED
MS SPEED
MS Speed AV_MS_SPEED
HANDOVER PROCESS
Handover Decision
Handover process may be triggered by
Quality, field strength or distance values
fall below/exceed their threshold
Periodic checks
Power budget HO
Umbrella HO
HANDOVER PROCESS
Handover Priority
Handover priority
1. Uplink and downlink Interference
2. Uplink quality
3. Downlink quality
4. Uplink level
5. Downlink level
6. Distance
7. Rapid Field Drop
8. Slow moving MS
9. Better cell i.e. Periodic check (Power Budget HO or Umbrella HO)
10. PC: Lower quality/level thresholds (UL/DL)
11. PC: Upper quality/level thresholds (UL/DL)
HANDOVER PROCESS
Handover Algorithms
In all Handover cases (in imperative HO only requirement)
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > rxLevMinCell(n) + Max (0, A)
A = msTxPwrMax(n) - P P = depending on MS Classmark
1.
Except for Umbrella Handover
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > hoLevelUmbrella(n) 1.
PBGT > hoMarginPBGT(n) where
PBGT = ((msTxPwrMax - msTxPwrMax(n)) - (AV_RXLEV_DL_HO -
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n))
- (btsTxPwrMax - BTS_TXPWR))
2.
A > hoMarginLev/Qual(n) where
A = (AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) - AV_RXLEV_DL_HO)-(btsTxPwrMax -
BTS_TXPWR)
2.
The additional condition
If enableHoMarginLevQual = Y
HANDOVER PROCESS
Target Cell Selection (1/2)
Load check of Candidates by btsLoadThreshold (0..100%)
If overloaded priority decreased by hoLoadFactor (0...7)
Best candidates to RR Management:
intra BSC HO max 16 cells under the same BSC as the source cell
inter BSC HO numberOfPreferredCells
1.
Only for Adjacent
Cell of the
same BSC
If two or more Adjacent cells with equal priorities
-> Ranking based on radio properties
Comparison of priorities of Candidates (hoLevelPriority
(0..7))
2.
3.
HANDOVER PROCESS
Target Cell Selection (2/2)
All cells have equal priority
cell a b c
Rx_Level -75 -80 -83
1. Load overl. overl. n.overl.
hoLoadFactor 1 1 1
2. Priority 3 3 3
New Priority 2 2 3
3. Rx_Level -75 -80
=> cell list c , a ,b
One cell has higher priority because of some reason
cell a b c
Rx_Level -75 -80 -83
1. Load n./overl. n.overl. n.overl.
hoLoadFactor 2 1 1
2. Priority 4 3 3
New Priority 4/2 3 3
3. Rx_Level -75 -80/-80 -83
=> cell list a,b,c (if cell a is not overload)
=> cell list b,c,a
HO flow chart
Eq. 1
or
Eq. 1'
Adj1..
Adj2.
Adj3.
---------
--------
-------
--------
--------
--------
--------
Adj32
Adj1
Adj3
------
------
------
Adjn
Eq.2
or
Eq.2'
Target Cell Evaluation
Cell ranked according to priority/load
Adj1
Adj3
-------
Adji
.
Load information
from the RR
management
BSC
HANDOVER PROCESS
Power Budget Handover (1/2)
Trigger
Periodic Check ( hoPeriodPBGT )
Candidate Selection
Equation 1 & 2 used
Priority and Load Considered
Performed ONLY between cells of the same "Layer" if:
umbrella HO is enabled
in inter-band HO case
hoPeriodPBGT 1 ... 63 (SACCH Period)
enablePwrBudgetHandover Y / N
Parameter Value
HOC
rxLevMinCell(n) -110 -47 dBm
msTxPwrMax(n) 5 43 dBm
hoMarginPBGT(n) -24 63 dB
ADJC
HANDOVER PROCESS
Power Budget Handover (2/2)
Equations 1 and 2 are used
Serving Cell: Best Adjacent Cell:
AV_RXLEV_DL_HO = -90 dBm
msTxPwrMax = 33 dBm (= 2W)
btsTxPwrMax = 42 dBm (= 16 W)
BTS_TX_PWR = 42 dBm = (16 W)
hoMarginPBGT(n) = 6 dB
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) = -80 dBm
rxLevMinCell(n) = -99 dBm
msTxPwrMax(n) = 33 dBm (= 2W)
btsTxPwrMax = 42 dBm (= 16 W)
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > rxLevMinCell(n) + Max (0, msTxPwrMax(n) - msTxPwrMax)
-80 dBm >-99 dBm + (33 dBm - 33 dBm) =-99 dBm
1.
PBGT = ((msTxPwrMax- msTxPwrMax(n)) - (AV_RXLEV_DL_HO -
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n)) - (btsTxPwrMax - BTS_TXPWR)
PBGT = ((33dBm-33dBm)-(-90 - -80)-(42dBm-42dBm)
= 10 dB
10 dB > 6 dB OK !!!!
2.
HANDOVER PROCESS
Handover due to Level (1/2)
Trigger
Threshold Comparison ( hoThresholdsLevUL/DL (px - nx) )
Candidate Selection
Equation 1 used
Equation 2 used if enableHoMarginLevQual = N
Equation 2' with hoMarginLev used if
enableHoMarginLevQual = Y
hoThresholdLevUL/DL -110 -47
px 1 32
nx 1 32
Parameter Value
HOC
hoMarginLev(n) -24 24 dB ADJC
HANDOVER PROCESS
Handover due to Level (2/2)
Equations 1 and 2 are used if parameter enableHoMarginLevQual is set Yes
2 dB
hoMarginLev = 4 dB
Trigger for Handover due to Level
A
B
Threshold (Lev)
-95 dBm
=>Cell B is not selected as candidate for
HO due to level since 2dB < 4 dB
HANDOVER PROCESS
Handover due to Quality (1/2)
Trigger
Threshold Comparison ( hoThresholdsQualUL/DL (px - nx) )
Candidate Selection
Equation 1 used
Equation 2 used if enableHoMarginLevQual = N
Equation 2' with hoMarginQual used if enableHoMarginLevQual = Y
hoThresholdQualUL/DL 0 7
px 1 32
nx 1 32
Parameter Value
HOC
hoMarginQual(n) -24 24 dB
ADJC
HANDOVER PROCESS
Handover due to Quality (2/2)
Equations 1 and 2 are used if parameter enableHoMarginLevQual is set Yes
2 dB
hoMarginQual = 0 dB
Trigger for Handover HO due to Quality
A
B
=> Cell B is selected as potential candidate for
HO due to Quality since 2 dB > 0 dB
HANDOVER PROCESS
Handover due to Interference (1/2)
Trigger : Threshold Comparison
Threshold Comparison for Quality ( hoThresholdsQualUL/DL (px - nx) )
Threshold Comparison for Level ( hoThresholdsInterferenceUL/DL (px -
nx) )
Candidate Selection
Priority for InterCell / Intracell HO selected at BSC independently for UL / DL
Priority InterCell HO
Quality HO if any candidate
If not IntraCell HO
Priority IntraCell HO
hoThresholdInterferenceUL/DL -110 -47
px 1 32
nx 1 32
enableIntraHoInterfUL/DL Y / N
Parameter Value
hoPreferenceOrderInterfUL/DL INTER / INTRA
BSC
HOC
BSC
HANDOVER PROCESS
Handover due to Interference (2/2)
Equations 1 and 2 are used if parameter enableHandoverMarginQual is set Yes
hoThresholdQual =4
hoThresholdInterferenceDL =-85 dBm
hoPreferenceOrderInterfDL =intra
Trigger for Handover due to Interference
A
B
- Field strength higher than threshold
- Bad quality
=>interference
=> intra cell handover !!
Threshold (Interference Lev)
-85 dBm
5
0
HANDOVER PROCESS
Umbrella Handover (1/2)
6 dB
Umbrella
Handover
A
B
-90 dBm
Handover due
to Level
Macro cell
Micro cell
Example
GSM MS class 4 (33 dBm)
gsmMacrocellThreshold = 35 dBm
gsmMicrocellThreshold =33 dBm
msTxPwrMax(n) = 33 dBm
hoLevUmbrella = -85 dBm
hoThresholdLevDL = -90 dBm
-85 dBm
Umbrella
Handover
Handover due
to Level
Trigger
Periodic Check ( hoPeriodUmbrella )
Candidate Selection
Equation 1' used
Consistency between mobile classmark and target cell power
constraints
Multi-Layered Network
HANDOVER PROCESS
Umbrella Handover (2/2)
Max power capability of MS >= gsmMacrocellThreshold
HO allowed only to a macrocell ( MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) >=
gsmMacrocellThreshold )
gsmMicrocellThreshold < Max power capability of MS < gsmMacrocellThreshold
HO only to middle size cell ( gsmMicrocellThreshold < MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) <
gsmMacrocellThreshold )
Max power capability of MS <= gsm MicrocellThreshold
HO allowed only to microcell ( MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) <= gsmMicrocellThreshold )
enableUmbrellaHandover Y / N
hoPeriodUmbrella 0 63 (SACCH)
hoLevelUmbrella -110 -47
Parameter Value
gsmMicrocellThreshold 5 43
gsmMacrocellThreshold 5 43
HOC
BSC
HANDOVER PROCESS
Combined Umbrella & Power Budget
macrocel l s
mi crocel l s
UMB,RR
PBGT,RR
PBGT,RR
UMB,RR
UMB umbrel l a HO
RR r adi o reason HO
PBGT power budget HO
When
enablePowerBudgetHo = Yes & enableUmbrellaHo = Yes
Power Budget Handover to cells of the same layer
Umbrella Handover to cells of different layer
Based on
gsmMacrocellThreshold, gsmMicrocellThreshold,
msTxPwrMax, msTxPwrMax(n), AdjacentCellLayer
MS classmark
HANDOVER PROCESS
Adjacent Cell Layer Definition
upper layer (macro)
same layer (serving layer)
lower layer (micro)
Three layers visible to serving cell
To be used in
Fast moving MS handling in macro cell
HOs based on MS speed (BSS6)
Power budget HO when combined with Umbrella
Supports multilayer networks
N (not in use)
Parameter
adjacentCellLayer
HANDOVER PROCESS
MS Speed
Multi-Layer Network
Slow Moving MS in
Microcells
Problem :
Determine the MS speed
Direct MS to correct Layer
Fast Moving MS in
Macrocells
Methods (Nokia specific)
Fast moving MS handling
(S5)
MS speed detection (S6)
HANDOVER PROCESS
MS Speed : Fast Moving MS Handling
Fast Moving MS Handling in macro layer
#of measurements received from adjacent
microcells
slow or fast moving MS
Macro cells parameters
for each adjacent micro cell:
fastMovingThreshold 0 .. 255
rxLevMinCell
hoLevelUmbrella
Counter for each adjacent micro cell
+2 measurement and over rxLevMinCell
-1 no meas. or bad level
Target cell selection based on adjacent
cell RX_LEVEL and on hoLevelUmbrella
BSC
micro
macro as serving cell
HANDOVER PROCESS
MS Speed
FMMS Example
macrocells
microcells
measured
signal strength
HO
hoLevelUmbrella = -85 dBm
RxMinCell =-95 dBm
FMT Counter
HO
FMT Threshold=40
time t
time t
HANDOVER PROCESS
MS Speed
FMMS Example
macrocells
hoLevelUmbrella = -85 dBm
RxMinCell =-85 dBm
HO
FMT Threshold=40
measured
signal strength
HO
time t
microcells
time t
FMT Counter
HANDOVER PROCESS
MS Speed : MS Speed Detection (1/3)
BTS detects the MS speed by using crossing rate algorithm
BTS supports measurement of MS speed
Call is on non-hopping TCH (no SDCCH, no Hopping TRX)
BTS sends MS speed indications every SACCH multiframe
period (480 msec.)
Speed Indications are not valid if
( * ) UL DTX was used during the SACCH period
( ** ) MS was changing output power during the SACCH
period
HANDOVER PROCESS
BSC Averages MS speed indications
Window Size is msSpeedAveraging ( pre processing in BTS )
Result is AV_MS_SPEED
BSC ignores non valid speed indications ( * , ** )
AV_MS_SPEED is compared with Thresholds
LowerSpeedLimit
UpperSpeedLimit
px and nx are in common
HANDOVER PROCESS
LowerSpeedLimit : Enables identification / triggers handover for slow-movingMS
UpperSpeedLimit : Enables identification / triggers handover for fast-moving MS
Target Cell Selection
Fast-moving to upper / Slow-moving to lower layer adjacent cells
Equation 1' used
Priority considered
msSpeedAveraging 1 ... 32 (SACCH Period)
Parameter Value
0 means "Not Used"
lowerSpeedLimit 0 255
upperSpeedLimit 0 255
msSpeedThresholdNx 1 32
msSpeedThresholdPx 1 32
HOC
HOC
adjCellLayer N / Same / Upper / Lower
hoLevelUmbrella -110 ... -47 dBm ADJC
HANDOVER PROCESS
MS Speed
Combination of Fast Moving MS Handling (BSC) and MS Speed Detection (BTS)
BSC
BTS
BTS
macrocell with RF hopping
fast MSs
meas_res
Crossing rate algorithm
B
S
S
6
/
M
S

s
p
e
e
d
B
S
S
5
/
F
a
s
t

M
S
Adjacent cell
measurements
HO&PC
algorithm
slow MSs
microcell(s)
, no RF hopping
HANDOVER PROCESS
Imperative Handover
Handover considered to be imperative:
Handover due to Distance
Order to empty a cell ( from O&M )
Directed Retry and IDR
Rapid Field Drop
HANDOVER PROCESS
Imperative Handover: Distance
Distance Process
Distance Process ---> msDistanceBehaviour (0,1..60,255) in BSC
0 : Release immediately
1 - 60 : Release after certain time 1 - 60 s, try handover during that time
255 : No release, only imperative Handover attempt
Parameters Value
enableMsDistanceProcess Y / N
msDistanceHoThresholdParam 0 63
px 1 32
nx 1 32
msDistanceBehaviour 0, 1 60, 255
BSC
HOC
HANDOVER PROCESS
Imperative Handover: Rapid Field Drop (1/2)
MS
Chained
Cell
Serving
Cell
Trigger
Threshold Comparison ( ThresholdRapidLevUl (px) )
Rx_Lev_UL (Not averaged / Only UL)
Candidate Selection
Only Chained adjacent cell
Equation 1 only / no priority
Multi-Layered Network
hoThresholdLevULforRapidFieldDrop -110 ... -47 dBm
hoThresholdRapidLevU1N 0 ... 32
chainedAdjacentCell Y / N
Parameter Value
HOC
ADJC
HANDOVER PROCESS
Imperative Handover: Rapid Field Drop (2/2)
MS
Chained
Cell
Serving
Cell
Example
hoThresholdRapidLevUl = - 93 dBm
hoThresholdRapidLevUlN (px) = 2
chainedAdjacentCell = Yes
Serving
Cell
Rapid Field Drop Handover
.
.
1st
2nd
-93 dBm
HANDOVER PROCESS
Enhanced Rapid Field Drop (1/3)
In case of DDE (Deep Dropping Edge), the averaging window
sizes and power budget period are reduced
level downlink window size
level uplink window size
adjacent cell averaging window size
handover period power budget
A MS moves away fromcell site,
thesignal is dropping gradually
A MS turns acorner,
thesignal drops rapidly
S
i
g
n
a
l

L
e
v
e
l
Time
Figure 7 Signal Strength of a Fast Moving MS
MS moves away fromcell site,
thesignal is dropping gradually
MS turns acorner, the
signal drops faster than
moving in straight line
S
i
g
n
a
l

L
e
v
e
l
Time
Figure 8 Signal Strength of a Slow Moving MS
HANDOVER PROCESS
Parameter Value
erfdEnabled DIS, UL, DL or UDL
ddeThresholdLev 0 63 dB
Nx 1 32
Px 1 32
ddeWindow 1 32 SACCH
modifiedAveWinNcell 1 32
modifiedNOZ 1 32
erfdOver 1 64 sec
HOC
HANDOVER PROCESS
Example
ddeWindow = 3 SACCH (n = 3)
ddeThresholdLev = 10dB, px = 2 and nx =3
the BSC compares the most recent measurement sample 8
(multiframe k) with the measurement sample 5 (multiframe k-n).
DDE_LEVEL = RXLEV(k- ddeWindow) RXLEV(k) = -69 dBm
(-83 dBm) = 14 dB
Sample 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Signal
level
-71
dBm
-68
dBm
-70
dBm
-71
dBm
-69
dBm
-70
dBm
-75
dBm
-83
dBm
HANDOVER PROCESS
Timers
Minimum time between consecutive handovers related to the same
connections
MinIntBetweenHoReq
Minimum time between handover attempts after a failure
MinIntBetweenUnsuccHoAttempt
Applied differently in Intercell / Intracell handovers
Additional Guard Periods are used for Back-handovers
Quality
Distance
Traffic reason
Interference
minIntBetweenUnsuccHoAttempt 0 ... 30 (seconds)
minIntBetweenHoReq 0 ... 30 (seconds)
Parameter Value
HOC
HANDOVER PROCESS
Timers (HO Failure)
Reversion to old channel OR no radio resource available
MinIntBetweenUnsuccHoAttempt applied only to intra-cell handover
attempts
Other failure cases (BSS failures)
MinIntBetweenUnsuccHoAttempt applied to all types of handover attempts
Reversion to old channel
( 1 + NUMBER_OF_HO_FAIL ) * MinIntBetweenUnsuccHoAttempt
applied to handover attempts to the same target cell
No Radio Resource Available
MinIntBetweenUnsuccHoAttempt applied to handover attempts to the same
target cells ( all those in the list )
Other Failure Cases
MinIntBetweenUnsuccHoAttempt applied to all types of handover
attempts
HANDOVER PROCESS
Timers ( Guard period for back - handover )
(1/2)
after a HO due to quality (UL/DL) and interference (UL/DL):
a Power Budget HO back is not allowed during
GUARD_TIME = 2 * HoPeriodPBGT
an Umbrella HO back is not allowed during
GUARD_TIME = 2 * HoPeriodUmbrella
For slow-moving MSs a handover from the serving cell back to the
lower layer cell is not allowed during a guard time if the call has been
handed over from the lower layer cell in question to the serving cell due
to bad quality (UL/DL) or interference (UL/DL). The guard time value is:
GUARD_TIME = 255 seconds
HANDOVER PROCESS
Timers ( Guard period for back - handover )
(2/2)
after an inter-cell HO due to MS-BS distance:
a HO back to the source cell is not allowed during
GUARD_TIME = 20sec + MinIntBetweenHOReq
after a Traffic Reason HO:
Power Budget HO and Umbrella HO back to the source are not
allowed during
GUARD_TIME = 20sec + MinIntBetweenHOReq
Repetitive Intra Cell HO not allower during
GUARD_TIME = 4 * MinIntBetweenUnsuccHoAttempt
Advanced Multilayer Handling
Three features concept
Load PBGTm Penalty IUO MCN
>80 0 60 - -
<50 - - Yes Yes
Intelligent underlay-overlay
Handover
GSM/super GSM/super
GSM1800/micro GSM1800/micro
AMH 1
AMH 2
AMH 3
Multilayer
handling
AMH 1:
BSC Initiated TRHO benefits (1/2)
Network wide load can be smoothed out by reducing power budget
margins between heavy loaded and less loaded cells => more
trunking efficiency => more capacity
Capacity of the regular layer can be released and performance of IUO is
increased => Quality + capacity
Ping-pong handovers are avoided due to AMH penalty system => quality
Handover
+0 dB +4dB +6 dB
AMH 1:
BSC Initiated TRHO benefits (2/2)
New algorithm:
1. AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > TRHO_TARGET_LEVEL(n) + Max(0,
(MS_TXPWR_MAX_CELL(n)-P))
2.PBGT (n) >AmhTrhoPbgtMArgin and PBGT(n) < HOMArginPBGT
Parameters Values
AmhTrhoPbgtMargin -24dBm..+24dBm, N
HOC
AmhUpperLoadThreshold 0100%
AmhMaxLoadOfTgtCell 0100%
amhTrhoGuardTime 0120 sec
BSC
AMH 2:
IUO Load Control benefits
During a very light load, only regular frequencies are used. Thus
additional handovers are avoided => increases quality
super-reuse TRX
super-reuse TRX
If Traffic load < AmhLowerLoadThreshold (BSC)
then IUO HO and Direct Access to Super TRX NOT ENABLED
AMH 3:
Multilayer Load Control benefits
Avoid additional handovers between different layers => quality
In the night time, when the load is very small, and the speed of the MSs
can be very fast, the MSs can be kept in the macro cell layer => quality
If Traffic load < AmhLowerLoadThreshold
GSM/m ac r o GSM/m ac r o
DCS/m i c r o DCS/m i c r o
then FMMS, MsSpeedDetection, Umbrella Hos NOT ENABLED
AMH 2 and AMH 3
Parameters
Parameters Values
AmhTrafficControlIUO Y/N
AmhTrafficControlMCN Y/N HOC
AmhLowerLoadThreshold 0100%
BSC
HANDOVER PROCESS
C/I Based Handover Candidate Evaluation
Designed to estimate the level of the potential interference for each
handover candidate.
The purpose is to direct the mobile station to a cell which can provide
interference free service at the current location of the MS
Enabled by usedC/IEstimationMethod
Each Adjacent Cell can have up to 5 "reference cell"
Real source of interference or just reference
usedC/IEstimationMethod AVE (Average taking method)
MAX (Maximum taking method)
NONE (C/I estimation not used)
LAC1-5 Location area code of reference cell 1-50 ... 65535
CI1-5 Cell identification of reference cell 1-5 0 ... 65535
L1-5 Level adjustment for reference cell 1-5 - 63 ... 63 dB
W1-5 C/I estimation weight parameter for reference cell 1-5 0 ... 10
Parameter Value
HOC
ADJC
HANDOVER PROCESS
C/I Based Handover Candidate Evaluation
lowerC/ILimit L1 (Lower C/I limit for band 1) -128 ... 127 dB
L2 (Lower C/I limit for band 2) -128 ... 127 dB
L6 (Lower C/I limit for band 6) -128 ... 127 dB

priorityAdjStepforBand1-7 P1 (Priority adj. for band 1) -8 ... 7
P2 (Priority adj. for band 2) -8 ... 7
P7 (Priority adj. for band 7) -8 ... 7

C/I is calculated for the handover
candidates
Averaged over the reference cells
(Average)
By taking the worst interferer (Maximum)
C/I is compared to 7 user-defined bands
Priority of the Cell is incremented of the
quantity associated to the band
Parameter Value
priorityAdjStepforBand1 >=LowerC/ILimit1
. .
. .
-8 Eliminates the Adjacent Cell from the candidates list
HOC
HOC

BSSPAR Chapter 07 Handover

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BSSPAR Chapter 07 Handover

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156 NOKIA 2000 BSSPARS9 J un 00

L6 (Lower C/I limit for band 6) -128 ... 127 dB

P7 (Priority adj. for band 7) -8 ... 7

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