Copyright 1999, Offshore Technology Conference

This paper was prepared for presentation at the 1999 Offshore Technology Conference held in
Houston, Texas, 36 May 1999.
This paper was selected for presentation by the OTC Program Committee following review of
information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper, as
presented, have not been reviewed by the Offshore Technology Conference and are subject to
correction by the author(s). The material, as presented, does not necessarily reflect any
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presented.
Abstract
Export pipelines transporting production from the Baldpate
compliant tower consist of a 12-inch gas pipeline and a 16-
inch oil pipeline. Consideration of various pipeline riser types
resulted in selection of steel catenary risers to connect the
export pipelines to the production facilities. This paper
discusses, in more detail, the reasons for selecting catenary
risers; design of the risers to resist forces imposed by
installation, interaction with the jacket, and environmental
forces (including vortex-induced vibrations); design of the
riser-to-jacket connections; and provisions for future riser
connections. The paper also discusses the methods used to
install the pipeline and risers; handling of the risers by the
diving service vessel and platform mounted winches; final tie-
in to fixed portions of the risers; and sub-sea positioning
systems crucial to proper laying of the pipeline and
achievement of the correct riser lengths.
Introduction
The Baldpate compliant tower, in 1648 feet of water, has steel
catenary risers (SCRs) for connecting export pipelines, a 16-
inch oil pipeline and a 12-inch gas pipeline, to the tower. This
type of riser was selected in response to several characteristics
of the unique configuration of the tower. First, there is a
considerable amount of vertical displacement of many of the
joints in the upper portion of the jacket during storms, relative
to the seafloor and to the fixed base section of the jacket.
Second, there is a field connection between the two sections of
the tower, 1300 feet below the waterline. Third, J-tubes or
fixed risers would have added weight to the launch-weight-
sensitive upper portion of the jacket. Finally, flexibility in the
make-up and location of future risers was desired, as well as
avoidance of deepwater connections.
The pipelines were laid on the seafloor before the platform
was installed. Their ends were later retrieved and lifted by a
dynamically positioned diving service vessel (DSV) after the
tower installation and connected to the jacket at locations
several hundred feet below the waterline.
Steel Catenary Riser Selection
During the initial design stage of the project, several design
options were identified and considered. Of primary concern
was the interaction of the riser with the unique configuration
and dynamic characteristics of the compliant tower design.
The compliant tower was designed to be installed in two
distinct sections; the lower base section and the upper tower
section. The lower base structure is about 360 feet in height
and fixed to the seabed in 1648 feet of seawater. The upper
tower section extends from the top of the base structure to an
elevation above the waterline. This section contains an
articulating hinged structural arrangement at an elevation
approximately 1150 feet below the waterline, which allows for
a relative vertical displacement of up to about 1.5 feet during
extreme storm conditions. In addition, due to the structures
compliant design, it is very sensitive to weight. Elimination of
that additional weight caused by the installation of a J-tube
and the corresponding structural supports and member sizing
required for installation was desired.
In most applications where the pipeline sizes and riser
locations are known well in advance of platform construction,
a pre-installed riser section is selected. This eliminates the
need for costly offshore installation of the riser sections and
allows for connection of the riser by proven methods of diver
assisted tie-in spool installation, or in the case of deeper water,
diverless tie-in spool installation methods. As the tower
section is designed to be hinged, and is installed onto a base
section that has been previously installed, design and
installation of pre-installed riser sections and subsequent sub-
sea connections become complicated and costly. First, the
pre-installed section installed on the upper, or tower, section
must include enough flexibility to accommodate the relative
vertical displacement at the hinged portion of the compliant
tower and account for fatigue considerations. Second, due to
the two piece design and installation of the jacket, it would be
necessary to conduct two separate tie-in spool installations;
OTC 10920
Design and Installation of Catenary Risers for the Baldpate Compliant Tower
James L. Babin and Joe G. Litzelfelner, MPC International, Inc., Michael Ambrose, Cal Dive International, James C. Edel,
Amerada Hess Corp., and Steve Will, Mustang Engineering
2 James L. Babin, Joe G. Litzelfelner, Mike Ambrose, James C. Edel, Steve Will OTC 10920
one at interface between the base and tower section in 1288
feet of water, and one at the seabed in 1648 feet of water. As
with all sub-sea pipeline applications, reduction in the total
number of connections is desired.
Alternatively, the addition of J-tubes to the structure
during the design would have presented several undesirable
aspects. First, the use of J-tubes would have added weight to
the already weight sensitive tower. Second, the J-tube and
associated riser would need to be capable of withstanding the
deflections imposed by the relative vertical movement of the
tower, especially at the hinged section. Finally, utilization of
J-tube installations would have imposed a requirement that the
pipelines be initiated at the Baldpate tower after the structure
was installed. This would have added several weeks to the
aggressive project schedule.
Utilizing pre-installed risers or J-tubes for future risers is
possible. However, until such a time as future developments
are planned, pipeline approaches, riser locations and pipeline
sizes are merely a conservative estimate. These conservative
estimates lead to extensive added weight, which may not even
be necessary in the future.
Steel catenary risers not only provided an economical
alternative for the Baldpate export pipelines, they significantly
reduced, or eliminated, the impact of the inherent problems
associated with the pre-installed and J-tube riser options.
Connection of the SCR to the compliant tower occurs at an
elevation approximately 300 feet below the waterline. This
location is well above the impact of the tower hinged
section and renders the relative vertical displacement of the
towers vertical structural members virtually invisible to the
riser. This approach eliminated the need for multiple sub-sea
connections of the riser sections, requiring only one sub-sea
connection for each riser in about 300 feet of water; easily
accessible by saturation divers, eliminating the need for
diverless systems. Utilization of SCRs eliminated the added
structural weight requirement necessary for J-tube risers. The
pipelines could be installed on the seabed, with the catenary
section included, prior to installation of the structure, which
would allow the construction schedule to be compressed.
Finally, connection of future flowlines and pipelines can be
accommodated by utilizing SCRs as well, thus eliminating
the need to install pre-installed risers or J-tubes during the
platform fabrication stage. Planners and designers are left
with more options available relative to location and placement
of these future risers.
Design Criteria
Design of the steel catenary risers for installation on the
Baldpate Compliant Tower included detailed static and
dynamic analysis for determination of the optimum
configuration, riser stress/strain limits and fatigue life. Both
pipelines were designed to comply with applicable codes and
standards
1,2
. A primary concern of the compliant tower
designers was the lateral loads, which would be imparted onto
the structure at the location at which the riser is supported by
the structure. Since the catenary cannot be absolutely vertical,
the riser would unavoidably impart a lateral pull at the
connection point. In order to minimize these loads, the risers
were analyzed utilizing strain criteria in lieu of stress criteria.
These strain criteria considered the combined strain due to the
effects of external pressure, bending and pipe imperfections on
the buckling/collapse failure of the risers and were evaluated
against failure criteria as outlined by C.E. Murphey and C.G.
Langner
3
. A factor of safety against buckling of 3.33 was
utilized in the determination of the design allowable strain
limit for all design conditions, including installation,
hydrotesting and operation.
The gas pipeline and oil pipeline were designed for
maximum allowable operating pressures (MAOP) of 1975 psi
and 2160 psi respectively as required by the MAOP of the
downstream components. Design life of both pipelines was
set at 30 years. It was also required that the life of the riser,
for fatigue considerations, utilize a factor of safety of 10 to
account for conservatism and uncertainties relative to fatigue
life design.
Consultants prepared detailed environmental data for
extreme and normal operating conditions. This data included
100-year return environmental data for both hurricane
dominant and loop current dominant events. Fatigue criteria
was provided in the form of 23 discrete sea states, with each
sea state consisting of directional probabilistic data specified
every 45 degrees for a total of 360 degrees, and varying
significant wave heights and average wave periods.
As with any design, wave and current forces applied to the
pipe are extremely important in designing the riser. However,
as these risers are attached to the structure at an elevation
where lateral motions of the tower are fairly large, the
response of the tower as a result of theses extreme events must
be considered in the analysis. Designers of the compliant
tower provided the displacement transfer functions, or
response amplitude operators (RAOs), at a location near the
attachment point of the risers. Values of displacements were
provided in the form of displacements and rotations in the
platform local coordinate system. Additionally, steady state
offsets for the tower at the attachment location were
developed.
Riser Design
Prior to analysis of the riser for static and dynamic
conditions, the wall thickness and pipe grades were selected
and coating requirements were identified. Detailed static and
dynamic analysis of each riser was then conducted in order to
determine its optimum configuration, considering the desire
for minimal lateral loads on the tower and to assess their
response to the various sea states. The static analysis was
performed, utilizing the computer program OFFPIPE, for
normal operating, hydrostatic testing and extreme conditions,
to develop a riser configuration, which would be acceptable
over the full range of platform motions and hydrodynamic
conditions. The general arrangements of the risers are included
(Figs. 1 and 2). Additionally, this static analysis provided an
estimate of the maximum loads to be imparted to the tower
under the same range of conditions. Due to the compliant
design of the structure, and its minimal overall lateral
OTC 10920 DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF CATENARY RISERS FOR THE BALDPATE COMPLIANT TOWER 3
displacement envelope, variations in the vertical and
horizontal loads in the catenary riser vary little due to platform
excursions. A non-linear analysis was performed in order to
predict the maximum bending strains in the riser and compare
these strains to the maximum allowable values as determined
by applying a factor of safety of 3.33 to the failure criteria as
outlined by C.E. Murphey and C.G. Langner
3
. In both cases,
the actual pipe strain values were well below the calculated
allowable strain. The maximum strain value in the normal
operating condition for the 16-inch oil pipeline riser was 63
percent of the allowable strain, while the corresponding strain
for the 12-inch gas riser was 32 percent of the allowable
strain. The non-linear moment curvature relationship for the
pipe material (API-5L-X52) was defined for inclusion into the
OFFPIPE computer model. In addition to this analysis,
sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the allowable
tolerances for riser length variations due to installation
tolerances. This analysis was conducted for variations of up to
+/- 20 feet. Actual strains for these variations were on the
order of +/- 5.5 percent of the allowable strains. During
installation however, a long baseline transponder array was
placed near the riser locations, which resulted in riser length
variations much smaller than these were as will be described
later.
Once the static analysis was completed for the complete
range of installed, hydrostatic testing and operating conditions,
a detailed dynamic analysis was conducted to determine the
maximum dynamic loads due to 100-year hurricane conditions
and resulting strains on the riser. Additionally, the dynamic
response of the riser over the full range of sea state conditions
to assess the fatigue life was performed. Designers of the
compliant tower provided the displacement transfer functions
at the riser attachment location. Steady offset of the tower due
to wind and current was also considered. Boundary conditions
of the riser at the connection to the tower were conservatively
assumed to be fixed, as the riser is held in place by a vertical
support and clamp arrangement (Fig. 3).
The maximum strains associated with 100-year storm
event were computed for various locations along the riser from
the connection point to a location beyond the touchdown
point. These strains were computed, using the JONSWAP
spectrum, for events approaching the riser from 0, 90, and 180
degrees. The maximum strain values for this 100-year event
were determined to be 73 percent and 37 percent of the
allowable strain for the 16-inch oil riser and the 12-inch gas
riser respectively.
Probabilistic spectral data and JONSWAP coefficients
were provided for 23 sea states. Utilizing the dynamic analysis
capabilities of OFFPIPE, this spectral data and displacement
transfer functions for the compliant tower, a detailed fatigue
analysis was conducted. A time series of dynamic stresses
along the riser was computed due to wave action and platform
motions. Probabilistic spectral data were combined into three
wave directions (0, 90 and 180 degrees) associated with each
of the 23 sea state environments. Random waves were
simulated using the JONSWAP spectrum. Based on the time
series of dynamic stresses at several specific nodes which
were determined to show the largest cyclic stress range, a zero
up-crossing analysis was further performed to determine the
stress ranges and their occurrence. By applying he API X S-N
curve
4
for weld fatigue damage, the fatigue life of each riser
was determined. The endurance limit at 200 million cycles as
defined by the API X curve is 3.33 ksi, which is the minimum
accountable stress range contributing to the fatigue.
Furthermore, researchers have considerable evidence that, at
least a reduced, or bi-linear, S-N curve slope for the low stress
ranges may be acceptable
5
. However, this analysis included all
stress ranges, even those below the endurance limit for
conservatism. The fatigue life for each riser was determined to
be in excess of 40,000 years based on dynamics of waves and
platform motions alone. Such a long fatigue life is attributable
to the relatively small range of motion of the tower as
compared to floating structures and tension leg platforms.
However, fatigue life is not governed by these dynamics
alone. Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) and the resulting stress
ranges also contribute to the riser fatigue life. Vortex-induced
vibration analysis was conducted using the computer program
SHEAR7. This program evaluates which modes are likely to
be excited and estimates the cross flow VIV response in
steady, uniform and sheared flows. This computer program is
capable of evaluating both multi mode non lock-in response
and single mode lock-in response. A finite element program
ABAQUS is also applied to evaluate the natural frequencies
and mode shapes for the steel catenary riser. The results
calculated from ABAQUS are then input into SHEAR7 in the
VIV analysis. 100-year loop current probabilistic data,
background current data, and currents associated with 13 sea
states were considered in the analysis. Due to the effects of
loop currents, an unacceptable fatigue was determined for both
risers. Utilizing triple start helical strakes over the upper 400
feet of each riser mitigated this unacceptable fatigue life.
Utilizing these helical strakes, the fatigue life of the 16-inch
oil riser due to VIV was determined to be 2320 years and the
corresponding fatigue life of the 12-inch gas riser is 2010
years. Again, for conservatism, the endurance limit of 3.33 ksi
was not considered. Combining the fatigue life due to VIV
with that determined for other dynamic factors, the total
fatigue lives for the 16-inch oil riser and 12-inch gas riser are
2200 and 2000 years respectively. These values are well
within the design requirement, which is a factor of safety of 10
times the design life, or 300 years.
Installation
In order to maintain an aggressive project schedule, it was
required to install the pipelines, including their corresponding
riser sections, onto the seabed prior to installation of the
compliant tower. The riser portion would extend, on the
seabed, beyond the platform location and remain there until
after the structure was installed. Subsequent to the tower
installation, a dynamically positioned diving service vessel
would position over the abandoned end of the pipeline,
connect a lifting cable, and lift the pipeline while moving
towards the platform. The end of the pipeline/riser would then
be transferred to a winch that was located on the structure for
4 James L. Babin, Joe G. Litzelfelner, Mike Ambrose, James C. Edel, Steve Will OTC 10920
final lowering into the riser support for the final connections.
Phase I Pipeline Installation
Installation of the pipelines was conducted utilizing the
pipelay barge Lorelay, prior to the installation of the
compliant tower. The 12-inch gas pipeline was to initiate lay
in Garden Banks 85, near the location where it would later be
connected to an existing gas pipeline. Installation of the 16-
inch oil pipeline initiated in South Marsh Island block 205
where it would be connected, via riser, to an existing platform.
Each line was installed in sequence toward the Garden Banks
260 compliant tower location, where the pipeline, including
riser, would be laid on the seabed near the final tower location.
Later the risers would be lifted and placed in their final
catenary configuration onto the riser supports.
In order to assure the correct pre-installed location on the
seabed and accurate riser length, a long baseline transponder
array system was pre-placed on the seabed, by the survey
company, with a reference transponder located on the sub-sea
well template. This array was then calibrated to provide
accurate positioning of the pipeline within +/- 2 feet.
Since all of the riser pipe joints were internally machined
on each end to ensure welding tolerances, and accurately
measured, there was a requirement that no field trimming of
riser pipe material be conducted on site. Therefore, a field
measured and trimmed pup piece would be required at the
riser-to-pipeline interface approximately 2000 feet from the
riser end. To ensure that the riser would later be installed
within the required tolerances, the transponder array was
utilized. During installation, three transponders were placed
onto the pipeline, approximately 200 feet apart, and about
5500 feet ahead of the riser to pipeline interface. This distance
allowed the transponders to reach the seabed during
installation with adequate time for interrogation and
positioning relative to the reference transponder well ahead of
the welding of the pup piece at the interface. The locations
of the transponders were measured with accuracy and each
subsequent pipe joint was measured. Knowing the location of
each transponder, the required riser length and the
measurement of the pipe joints allowed calculation of the pup
piece to be made. Utilization of three transponders allowed
for redundant checks of their accuracy, as the relative distance
between each was known. Calculation of the required pup
piece length was then calculated by three separate
independent parties, with agreement to within 1 foot. Even
losses due to pipe end beveling prior to welding were included
in the calculations. This procedure was utilized for both
pipelines and risers, and they were installed onto the seabed.
As described by F. Kopp, G. Venkataraman, and G. Rand
5
,
root bead geometry during welding is the single most
important determinant of weld fatigue strength. As high-low
alignment of the pipe ends is the primary contributor to poor
root bead geometry, the decision was made to internally
machine the end of each riser pipe to ensure acceptable
tolerances for welding. In addition, welding procedures and
weld acceptance criteria were specified that were consistent
with industry practice for steel catenary riser welding.
The pipeline/riser end was fitted with a pulling head;
flounder plate and buoyed lifting sling for later remote
operated vehicle (ROV) connection to a lifting cable.
Phase II Riser Installation
Installation of the steel catenary risers onto the compliant
tower was completed after installation of the tower itself.
Riser clamp receptacles were designed, fabricated and
installed onto the structure prior to its loadout. Plans called
for the riser to be lifted utilizing a winch located on a DSV,
and transferred to a winch located on the stable platform deck
before final lowering into place.
The dynamically positioned DSV CSO Constructor was
prepared with a Skagitt DM-250 winch, located on deck, and a
fairlead located on the stern of the vessel. An identical winch
was located on the main platform deck, with fairleads located
to position the lifting cable outboard of the structure and in a
location suitable for the final lowering of the risers into their
supports. The location of the final fairlead was chosen such
that the riser, when supported freely from the platform deck
winch, would be just outboard of the support clamps.
Additional rigging consisted of two air tuggers and associated
handling cables to aid in pulling the riser into the support
clamps in order to minimize the diver intervention time. Both
winch cables were terminated with spelter sockets and tested
to a load of 200 tons, adequate capacity in the unlikely event
of a wet buckle in the pipeline or riser. Additionally, both
winch cables were outfitted with line tension and line out
gauges. Video monitoring of these gauges was transmitted to
the DSVs bridge for monitoring the lifting sequence and
maintaining control of the pipeline/riser configuration.
In order to have complete control of the riser, the position
of the vessel, the amount of cable out and the cable tension
were known at all times. Detailed installation analysis was
performed to establish the critical parameters to be maintained
during the lifting sequence. During the lifting operations,
including the handover to the platform winch, the stresses in
the riser were maintained to a value less than 50 percent of the
line pipes specified minimum yield stress, well below the
allowable of 70 percent.
The DSV established a location directly over the pulling
head and the winch cable was lowered to a position near the
seabed. Concurrently, the dynamically positioned vessel
Merlin, outfitted with a ROV, was in place to assist
attachment of the winch cable to the buoyed lifting sling. With
a ROV friendly hook attached to the end of the lifting
cable, the ROV attached the winch cable to the lifting sling.
The DSV then moved ahead to commence lifting of the 16-
inch oil pipeline riser.
To establish the validity of the lifting sequence, and
contingency laydown procedure, the riser was lifted while
moving the vessel to a position between the initial and final
location. The sequence was then reversed and all critical
parameters reviewed against the established values.
The lifting sequence then commenced on a step by step
basis until the riser was in a location for handover to the
platform winch (Fig. 4). During the lifting operation, all
OTC 10920 DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF CATENARY RISERS FOR THE BALDPATE COMPLIANT TOWER 5
critical parameters were monitored and the riser configuration
was observed with the ROV.
With the DSV in close proximity to the structure, the
platform winch cable was lowered, with a ROV friendly
hook attached. This operation was conducted with the pulling
head approximately 165 feet below the surface. The ROV then
attached the platform winches cable to the flounder plate and
the load transferred to the platform (Fig. 5). The riser was
then in place for final lowering.
Upon releasing the load from the winch onboard of the
DSV, the platform winch was used to lower the riser to a
location just outboard of the riser support clamp. Using the air
tuggers and pre-installed rigging, the riser was pulled into the
support clamp and secured by divers to the structure. The
ROV confirmed the design location of the riser touchdown
point on the seabed and the lifting cable removed.
The 12-inch gas pipeline riser was installed in the same
manner and secured to the platform. With both risers in place,
the final tie-in of each was made to the upper sections of the
riser, which were installed onto the tower during fabrication.
These tie-ins were made utilizing pre-fabricated flanged spool
pieces (Fig. 6). The helical strakes were also installed to
finalize the field installation.
Conclusions
With the Baldpate structure compliant design, the steel
catenary risers proved not only to be an economical solution,
but a technically feasible option as well. The inherent
problems associated with the sub-sea connections and
platform displacements were mitigated by the use of this
design. By departing the platform above the mating point of
the structure base and tower sections, a deep sub-sea
connection was avoided. Additionally, the impact of
platforms relative vertical displacements at the hinge
location was mitigated. Expensive diverless sub-sea
connections were not required.
The minimal loads imposed on the structure allowed the
platforms designers to avoid adding weight to the structure in
order to support J-tubes or full platform length pre-installed
risers. Utilization of these steel catenary risers also allows
Amerada Hess flexibility in sizing and locating future risers,
as they can be installed, departing in any direction, with
fabrication and installation of the necessary shallow water
supports.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to offer special thanks for the hard
work of all of the personnel involved. In particular, Allseas for
pipeline installation, Cal Dive International, Inc. for riser
installation, and John E. Chance and Associates for providing
survey,. We also wish to thank all of the other contractors,
sub-contractors and suppliers who participated. Finally, we
would like to express our appreciation to Amerada Hess
Corporation for the opportunity to participate on this Baldpate
Development Project.
References
1. Title 49 CFR, Part 192, Transportation of Natural and Other Gas
by Pipeline, Mininum Federal Safety Standards.
2. Title 49 CFR, Part 195, Transportation of Hazardous Liquids by
Pipeline.
3. Murphy, C.E. and Langner, C.G.: Ultimate Pipe Strength under
Bending, Collapse, and Fatigue, paper presented at the 1985
Int. Conf. on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 5,
pp. 467-477.
4. API RP-2A, Recommended Practice for Planning, designing, and
Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms, API Recommended
Practice 2A (RP 2A), Nineteenth Edition, August 1, 1991.
5. Kopp, F., Venkataraman, Rand, G., Steel Catenary Riser
Welding and NDE Procedures and Weld Acceptance Criteria.
DOT 97, pp. 29-47.
Fig. 1-General arrangement of the 12-inch gas pipeline steel
catenary riser.
6 James L. Babin, Joe G. Litzelfelner, Mike Ambrose, James C. Edel, Steve Will OTC 10920
Fig. 2 - General arrangement of the 16-inch oil pipeline steel
catenary riser
Fig. 4 Steel Catenary Riser Installation Sequence
Fig. 3 Riser Clamp Support
EL.`-1400'
STEP
EL.`-1385'
EL.`-1118'
EL.`-852'
EL.`-586'
TENSION: 54.4 (kips)
LINE OUT 400'
T
E
N
S
I
O
N
:

5
9
.0

(
k
ip
s
)
L
IN
E

O
U
T

4
3
2
'
EL.`-339'
EL.`-165'
T
E
N
S
I
O
N
:

4
6
.6

(
k
ip
s
)
L
IN
E

O
U
T

8
9
6
'
T
E
N
S
I
O
N
:

5
4
.2

(
k
ip
s
)
EL.`-420'
L
IN
E

O
U
T

6
0
7
'
TENSION: 79.5 (kips)
TENSION: 66.4 (kips)
LINE OUT 169'
LINE OUT 62'
8
7
'
3
5
6
'
5
3
8
'
8
5
7
'
1
0
0
1
'
MUD LINE
LIN
E O
U
T 2500'
TEN
SIO
N
: 16.0 (kips)
L
IN
E
O
U
T
1
7
3
0
'
T
E
N
S
IO
N
: 3
4
.0
(k
ip
s
)
T
E
N
S
IO
N
: 3
1
.4
(
k
ip
s
)
L
IN
E
O
U
T
1
6
1
1
'
1
2
2
7
'
1
7
3
4
'
WINCH
LIFTING
1
9
3
8
'
OTC 10920 DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF CATENARY RISERS FOR THE BALDPATE COMPLIANT TOWER 7
Fig. 5 Transfer of steel catenary riser to the platform winch,
from the installation vessel
Fig. 6 Tie-in spools for the 12-inch gas and 16-inch oil risers
FAIRLEAD
DECK WINCH
INSTALLATION VESSEL
ROW "B" LOOKING SOUTH
PULL HEAD
EL.`-165'