II
Gunavanth: Where have you been since the
morning?
(Öü¿ßª’ç †’ç* áéπ\-úø’-Ø√o´¤?)
Yashwanth: I have been working on the com-
puter in the next room.
(°æéπ\ í∫C™ computer °j ´®˝\ îËÆæ’-
èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.) °j Conversation ™ Ñ sentences îª÷úøçúÕ:
Gunavanth: I have been trying to get you since
the morning.
(§Òü¿’löÀ †’ç* FûÓ ´÷ö«x-ú≈-©E v°æߪ’-
Ao-Ææ’hØ√o.)
Yashwanth: Why didn't you call my cell?
cell
(Ø√ phone
Èéçü¿’èπ◊ îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’?)
Gunavanth: That's what I did. But I've been
getting the response, 'switched off'
(ÅüË Øˆ’ îËÆœçC. áEo≤ƒ®Ω’x îËÆœØ√
'switched off' ÅØË ´-≤ÚhçC.)
Yashwanth: Well, what's so urgent?
(-àçôçûª Å´-Ææ®Ωç?)
I have been enquiring
Gunavanth: Ravi is in town for some course in
software. He has been staying at
his cousin's for the past two days.
He wants to meet us.
(®ΩN Ü∞x ÖØ√oúø’. àüÓ software
course cousin
èπ◊. È®çvúÓ-V-©’í¬ ¢√∞¡x
Éçöx •Ææ îËÆæ’h-Ø√oúø’. ´’†-Lo-ü¿lJo éπ©’-
Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’.)
Yashwanth: In fact I've been thinking of meet-
ing him. I want some books from
him.
(ØËØË Åûª-úÕE éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-
Ø√o†’. ¢√úÕ ü¿í∫_-®Ω’oç* Ø√èπ◊ éÌEo
°æ¤Ææh-鬩’ 鬢√L.)
Gunavanth: Why do you need them?
(-Å-N FÈéç-ü¿’-é¬\-¢√L?)
Yashwanth: You know, I've been doing a spe-
cial course in computers for the
past two weeks. The course has
almost come to an end. I've to
take an exam in it next week.
That's why I need them.
(Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπü∆, È®çúø’ ¢√®√-©’í¬
computers ™ ØËØÓ special course
îËÆæ’h-†oô’x. ÅC ü∆ü∆°æ¤ Å®·-§Ú-®·çC.
´îËa ¢√®Ωç °æKéπ~. Åçü¿’Íé °æ¤Ææh-鬩’
鬢√L.)
Gunavanth: Perhaps that's why he has wanted
to meet us
(•£æ›¨¡ Åçü¿’-éπØË Åûªúø’ ´’†Lo
éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o-úË¢Á÷.)
Yashwanth: I have been enquiring all book
shops here for the books. They
aren't available.
book
(-Ç °æ¤Ææhé¬-©éÓÆæç ØËE-éπ\úø ÅEo
shops ™ ¢Áûª’-èπ◊-ûª’Ø√o. ÅN üÌ®Ω-éπôç
™‰ü¿’.)
Gunavanth: Are you sure Ravi has them?
(®ΩN ü¿í∫_®Ω ÅN ÖØ√oߪ’E éπ-*a-ûªçí¬
ûÁ©’≤ƒ?)
Yashwanth: I bought them here a year ago and
sent them to him.
(àú≈C éÀçü¿ ØËØË ¢√öÀE éÌE Åûª-úÕéÀ
°æ秃.)
Gunavanth: That's O.K. Then let's ring him up
and ask him to see us.
(ÆæÍ®– Åûª-úÕéÀ ´’†ç phone
éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´’çü∆ç.)
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -¨¡Ÿ-véπ¢√®Ωç 24 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2006
(Let us ring him up = phoneîËü∆lç. Let's go
¢Á ∞ «l =
ç °æ ü ¿ . Let Åçõ‰ äéπ®Ω’ äéπ °æE îËߪ’F
ÅE Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC.
Let him come = ÅûªúÕE ®√F.
Let me go = ††’o ¢Á∞¡xF... É™«í∫.)
a) I have been working on the computer since
the morning.
b) I have been trying to get you since the morn-
ing.
í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬, Ééπ\úÕ 3rd use- (Action Have + PP/ has + PP É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ ïJ-T† action
c) I have been getting the response...
starting in the past and going on till now) èπÿ †’ îÁ•’-ûª’çC. É°æ¤p-úÕçé¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûÓçü∆, ™‰ü∆ ÅØË
d) He has been staying at his cousin's.
e) I have been thinking of meeting him. have been + ing/ has been + ing use- Action N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ ü∆E-´©x ûÁL-ߪ’´¤.
starting in the past and going on even now èπÿ b) Tendulkar has been playing cricket since his
î√™« §ÚLéπ ÖçC éπü∆? ÅC correct. 19th year.
Ééπ\úÕ verb, has been + ...ing Åçõ‰ 19´ àöÀ
a) í∫ûªç †’ç* É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ Å®·ûË: have + PP /
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 117 has + PP †’ç* Éçé¬ Çúø’-ûª÷ØË ÖØ√o-úøE. Continue Å´¤-
ûÓçC.
鬕öÀd 1) have + PP/ has + PP - É°æpöÀ´®Ωèπ◊
ii) have been + ...ing/ has been + ...ing - Éçé¬
(Å®·ûË ã ´·êu N≠æߪ’ç. Ñ ûËú≈ Ö†o-°æp-öÀéÃ,
´÷´‚©’ usage ™ Spoken/ Written form ™
OöÀ È®çöÀéÃ Ñ ûËú≈ °ü¿lí¬ §ƒöÀç-Ω’. Éçé¬ ØÌéÀ\
f) I have been doing a
b) í∫ûªç †’ç* Éçé¬ Å®·ûË have been + ...ing/
îÁ§ƒp-Lq-†-°æ¤púø’ have been + ...ing/ has been +
special course in ...ing, better)
has been + ...ing.
computers. a) I have worked here for ten years now.
a) Tendulkar has played cricket for since his
g) I have been enquir-
nineteenth year b) I have been working here for ten years now.
ing.
(19´ àöÀ †’ç* É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπÿ Çú≈úø’). Çúøôç a), b) ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äÍé Å®Ωnç éπ©N. Å®·ûË b)
™
Oô-Eoöx verb
Å®·-§Ú-®·çü∆? – -ûÁ-L-ߪ’ü¿’. Ñ sentence áèπ◊\´ continuityéÀ v§ƒüµ∆†uç.
have been + ... ing/
M. SURESAN
has been + ... ing form
v°æ鬮Ωç Çúøôç é̆-≤ƒ-í∫’-ûÓç-ü∆?– ÅD ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’.
™ ÖçC éπü∆.
Have been + ... ing/ has been + ... ing form ™ PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING ANSWER
verb Öçõ‰ ÅC Present Perfect Continuous Govind: Where are you studying?
Govind: †’¢Áy-éπ\úø îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?
Tense Å´¤-ûª’çC. Krishna: In Suvidya College
Krishna: Ææ’Nü∆u 鬙‰-@™
I have been trying to get you since the morn- Govind: How long have you been studying
Govind: áçûª-鬩çí¬ îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√o-´-éπ\úø?
ing. there?
Krishna: í∫ûª È®çúË-∞¡Ÿxí¬ Krishna: For the past/ last two years/ for two
§Òü¿’löÀ†’ç* F éÓÆæç v°æߪ’-Ao-Ææ’hØ√o (Phone -™¿). Govind: F marks ᙫ ÖØ√o®·?
years now.
Ñ sentence ™ îª÷úøçúÕ. Krishna: ÅEo subjects ™ 80] éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\¢Ë Govind: How are your marks?
í∫ûªç™ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº¢Á’i, Éçé¬ é̆-≤ƒ-í∫’-ûª’çúË action èπ◊ score îËÆæ’h-Ø√o†’ Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊. Maths ™ Krishna: I have been scoring more than 80% in
have been + ing ¢√úø’-ûª’Ø√oç. (§Òü¿’löÀ †’ç*,
Å®·ûË ØËEçûª´®Ωèπ◊ 90]èπ◊ ûªí∫_-™‰ü¿’. all subjects. In Maths, I haven't
Éçé¬). scored less than 90% so far.
Govind: Ééπ\úø †’´¤y O’ ûªLxü¿çvúø’©ûÓ
O’èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’, I, we, you and they Å®·ûË, have Öçô’-Ø√o¢√? Govind: Do you live with your parents here?
been + ... ing Åçö«ç, He, she, it Å®·ûË has Krishna: No. From the beginning I have been
Krishna: ™‰ü¿’. ¢Á·ü¿-öÀoç* hostel ™ØË Öçô’Ø√o.
been + ... ing Åçö«ç. (This is for an action staying in the hostel.
starting in the past and continuing even now.) (Stay ¢√úøçúÕ)
Govind: My friend Ravi too has been staying
Govind: Ø√ friend Ravi èπÿú≈ ã Ææç´ûªq®Ωçí¬
The congress party has been ruling AP for in the hostel for the past one year. Do
the year and a half (AP hostel ™ØË Öçô’-Ø√oúø’. Åûªúø’ Fèπ◊
E Ææç´-ûªq-®Ωç-†o-®Ωí¬ you now him?
past
§ƒL-≤Úhç-C. -à-ú≈-C-†o®Ω éÀçü¿ô, ™ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº¢Á’i ûÁ©’≤ƒ? Krishna: Yes. I know him (I do). We have been
Krishna: ûÁ©’Ææ’. -¢Ë’-´· È®çúø’ ØÁ©-©’í¬ äÍé
Éçé¬ é̆-≤ƒ-í∫’-ûÓçC §ƒ©†.) going to the same teacher for tuition
teacher ü¿í∫_-JéÀ tuition èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’Ø√oç.
°j conversation ™ç* BÆœ† sentences ™ Govind: I have been visiting him frequently
Present Perfect Continuous Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç í∫´’-Eç- Govind: ؈-ûª-úÕE éπ©-´-ö«-EéÀ Åûªúø’ îËJ-†-°æpöÀ since he joined there. Haven't you
îªçúÕ. †’ç* ´Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. †ØÁo-°æ¤púø÷ îª÷úø-™‰ü∆? ever seen me? (ever - á°æ¤p-úÁjØ√)
c) I have been getting the response... Krishna: ™‰ü¿’. ¢Ë’ç ¢ËÍ®y®Ω’ blocks ™ Öçö«ç. Krishna: No. We live in different blocks.
(...
ÅØË responseéÌçûª é¬©ç †’ç*, (§Òü¿’l-
Eoç* Éçé¬) ´≤ÚhçC.)
d) He has been staying at his cousin's.
(¢√∞¡xcousin Past
Éçöx •Ææ îËÆæ’h-Ø√oúø’– ™ -v°æ-¨¡o: Pronunciation èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† Å稻©-†’ ≤ÚpéπØ˛ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ¶µ«í∫çí¬ ÅçCç-îª-
v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº¢Á’i, Éçé¬.) í∫-©®Ω’. ¶µ«≠æ ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-´-úøç™ ´·çü¿’í¬ Öî√a®Ωù ´·êuç. à °æü∆Eo à Nüµ¿çí¬
e) I have been thinking of meeting him °æ©-鬙 ûÁ-©’Ææ’hçC. -≤ÚpéπØ˛ ÉçTx≠ˇèπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† Æ‘úŒ-©’-í¬F, é¬uÂÆ-ô’x-í¬F
(Åûª-úÕE éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’ – Éçé¬) üÌ-JÍé Åvúø-Æˇ-©†’ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’.
– Èé.-áÆˇ.éπ%-≠æg, -¢Á’-ö¸°æ-Lx
f) I have been enquiring
(Nî√-JÆæ÷h ÖØ√o†’ – á°æp-öÀ-†’çîÓ... Éçé¬) -ï-¢√-•’: 1) éÌûªh ´÷-ô àüÁjØ√ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’ ü∆E pronunciation Ææ÷*-Ææ÷hØË ÖØ√oç
(éÀç-ü¿-ô lesson ™ have + PP (Past Participle)/ éπü∆. ´·çü¿’-´·çü¿’ lessons -™ N´-®Ωù éÌçûª áèπ◊\-´í¬ Öçô’çC.
has + PP use îª÷¨»ç éπü∆? ÅC üËEéÀ ¢√úøû√ç?
2) Spoken English èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† CDs, Casettes °ü¿l °ü¿l book-
1) Past action, time not stated.
shops ™ üÌ®Ω’èπ◊-û√®·. Central Institute of English and Foreign
2) Action just completed.
3) Action starting in the past and going on till Languages (CIEFL) ¢√∞¡x Pronunciation Casettes, CDs -N-†ç-úÕ.
îËÆœ
now.