II Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -Ç-C¢√®Ωç 26 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2006

Kasturi: Hi Mayuri what's new?
(àçöÀ N¨Ï-≥ƒ©’)
Mayuri: I met Charitha yesterday. She had a
piece of good news. She told me she
had bought a new apartment.
(E†o ؈’ îªJ-ûª†’ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√o. ã ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-
éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç îÁ°œpçC. éÌûªh apartment
éÌØ√o-†çC.)
News - uncountable. A news ņç. Å®·ûË
News á°æ¤púø’ singular í¬ØË ¢√úøû√ç. A good/
a bad news ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. Good news/ bad news
Åçö«ç. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ a piece of good news/ a
piece of bad news ņ-´îª’a.
Kasturi: That's good really.
Mayuri: She told me (that) she had got bank
loan for buying the apartment. The
bank released the loan three days ago.
(ûª†èπ◊ É©’x é̆-ú≈-EéÀ bank ®Ω’ùç É*aç-ü¿E
îÁ°œpçC. È®çvúÓ-V© éÀçü¿õ‰ ®Ω’ùç Núø’-ü¿©
î˨»®Ω’.)
Kasturi: Where are you coming from now?
(†’´¤y É°æ¤púø’ áéπ\úÕ†’ç* ´Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤?)
Mayuri: I went to the station to book tickets to
Tirupati. But by the time I reached the
reservation counter, they had closed. I
was late by only five minutes.
؈’ A®Ω’-°æ-AéÀ tickets reserve îËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ü∆-
´’E station èπ◊ ¢Á∞«x†’. é¬E ¢Á∞Ïx-Ææ-JéÀ,
reservation counter ´‚ÊÆ-¨»®Ω’. 5 EN’-
≥ƒ™‰ Ç©-Ææuçí¬ ¢Á∞«x†’.
Kasturi: Why didn't you start early enough?
(éÌçîÁç ´·çüË áçü¿’èπ◊ •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω-™‰ü¿’?)
Mayuri: I had some work, and when I finally
went there it was 2 o' clock. You know
that on sundays reservation closes by
2.30. I started on my scooter, but on
the way I found it had run out of petrol.
I had it filled and then went to the sta-
tion. That delayed me.
àüÓ °æ†’ç-úÕçC. Ç ûª®√yûª •ßª’-™‰l-Í®-Ææ-JéÀ
õ„jç È®çúÁjçC. Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆. ÇC-¢√-®√©’,
Reservations 2.30Íé éπõ‰d-≤ƒh-®ΩE. Scooter
O’ü¿ •ßª’-™‰l®√. ü∆J™ ü∆çöx petrol Å®·-
§Ú-®·ç-ü¿E îª÷¨». Petrol §Ú®·ç* ¢Á∞Ïx-Ææ-JéÀ
Ç©Ææuç Å®·-§Ú-®·çC.
Run out of (petrol/ money etc.)
Å®·-§Ú-´ôç.Have it filled = §Ú®·ç-îªôç, Ééπ\úø
Mayuri: You know what happened to me yes-
terday? I went home from Charitha,
and by then my husband had left for
office. He had not taken the lunch box.
He had forgotten it in his hurry.
(E†o Ø√Íéç ïJ-TçüÓ ûÁ©’≤ƒ? ؈’ îªJûª
ü¿í∫_-J-†’ç* ÉçöÀ-Èé-∞«x†’. Å°æp-öÀÍé ´÷ Çߪ’†
Office èπ◊ ¢ÁRx§Ú-ߪ÷úø’. Lunch box BÆæ’-èπ◊-
¢Á-∞¡x-™‰ü¿’. ûÌçü¿-®Ω™ ´’®Ω-*-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’.)
Look at these sentences picked up from the
conversation above:
a) She told me she had bought a new apart-
ment
b) She told me she had got a bank loan
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
118
I had had some work
c) By the time I reached the reservation count-
er they had closed.
d) I had had some work and when I finally...
e) I found it had run out of petrol.
f) The train had left before I reached the station.
g) ... by then my husband had left for office
h) ... he had not taken the lunch box
i) He had forgotten it.
In all the sentences above look at the verbs:
a) had bought (had + Past participle (PP) of
buy)
b) had got (had + PP of get)
c) had closed (had+ PP of close)
d) had had (had + PP of have)
e) had run (had + PP of run)
f) had left (had + PP of leave)
= g) had left ( had + PP of leave )
h) had (not) taken (had + PP)
There are two past actions in sentence (a):
Had + PP is always used
´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oC:
1) She told me (Ø√ûÓ îÁ°œpçC) for the earlier of two past actions-
2) That she had bought an apartment (apart- Åçõ‰ í∫ûªç™ ïJ-T† È®çúø’ °æ†’™x, ¢Á·ü¿öÀ/
ment é̆o-ü¿E). ´·çü¿J °æEéÀ had + PP ¢√úøû√ç.
Ñ È®çúø÷ past actions. Å®·ûË é̆ôç ´·çü¿’,
a) The teacher knew that he had not done the
(éÌØ√o-†E) îÁ°æpôç ûª®√yûª ïJ-í¬®·. ´·çü¿’ ïJ- home work
T† action had bought (had + PP form) ™
Åûªúø’ home work îËߪ’-™‰-ü¿E teacher èπ◊ ûÁL-ÆœçC.
Öçúøôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. (îËߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´ôç– earlier/ first past action)
Åçõ‰ had + PP form, È®çúø’ past actions™
b) Where had you worked before you joined
´·çü¿®Ω ïJ-T† past action èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç. here?
Å™«Íí sentence (b) ™
(Ééπ\úø îËÍ®-´·çü¿’ O’È®-éπ\úø °æE-îË-¨»®Ω’.)
She told me
èπÿú≈. Ééπ\úø îË®Ωôç – past - Åçûª-èπ◊ -´·çü¿’ Ææçí∫-A
(that) she had got a -é¬-•öÀd had worked)
bank loan - loan ´*aç- c) I had not known him till you introduced him to
ü¿E îÁ°œpçC. loan ®√´ôç me.
´·çü¿J past action O’®Ω’ °æJ-îªßª’ç îËÊÆ-´-®Ωèπ◊ Çߪ’† Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’.
鬕öÀd had got. M. SURESAN
In English, had + PP is very important. ÅC
Sentence c) By the time I reached the reser- ¢√úø-éπ-§ÚûËconfusion communication
éπLT,
vation counter, they had closed. (؈’ îËÍ®-ô-°æp- ÆæJí¬ Öçúøü¿’.Look at the following.
öÀÍé ¢√∞¡Ÿx ´‚ÊÆ-¨»®Ω’). ´‚ÊÆ-ߪ’ôç ´·çü¿’ 鬕öÀd 1) He gave me yesterday what I asked for
had closed. 2) He gave me yesterday what I had asked for.
d) I had had some work and when I finally went Sentence 1 Å®Ωnç: ؈-úÕ-TçC ÅûªúÕî√aúø’. Ééπ\úø
there it was 2 o' clock. ؈-úø-í∫ôç, Åûªúø’ É´yôç ¢Áçô ¢ÁçôØË, ü∆ü∆°æ¤
Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ °æE ÖçúÕçC ´·çü¿®Ω, ¢Á∞¡xôç ûª®√yûª äÍé-≤ƒJ ïJ-T-†ô’x Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. È®çúø÷ E†oØË.
鬕öÀd had had (had + PP)
Sentence 2 Å®Ωnç: ؈ç-ûªèπ◊ ´·çüÁ-°æ¤úÓ ÅúÕ-TçC
e) I found it had run out of petrol Åûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ E†o Éî√aúø’. (É´y-ô¢Ë’ E†o, Åúø-í∫ôç
Petrol Å®·-§Ú®· Öçúøôç (´·çü¿J action) Åçûªèπ◊ ´·çüÁ-°æ¤púÓ)
îª÷¨»†’ – 鬕öÀd had run (had + PP) Sentence (1) èπÿ, (2) èπÿ áçûª ûËú≈ØÓ

Kasturi: A similar thing happened to me yes-
terday. The train had left before I
reached the station. So I called my
office and told them I was not coming.
My delay was due to traffic jam.
(--E-†o Ø√èπÿ Å™«ç-öÀüË ïJ-TçC. ؈’ sta-
tion èπ◊ îËÍ®-™ Ê° train ¢ÁRx-§Ú-®·çC. ´÷
office èπ◊ Phone îËÆ œ ؈’ ®√´-ôç-™‰-ü¿E
îÁ§ƒp†’. Ø√èπ◊ traffic jam ´©x Ç©Ææuç
Å®·çC.)
-v°æ-¨¡o: 5-15 Ææç´-ûªq-®√© ´ßª’-Ææ’q†o °œ©x-©èπ◊
‘Spoken English’™ °æô’d ≤ƒCµç-
îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ àßË’ areas ™ focus
îËߪ÷L. ü∆EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*†
Books, Cassettes, C.D.s
áéπ\úø üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-û√®·?
– Æœ.-áç.-áÆˇ.®√-V, È®j-™‰yéÓ-úø÷®Ω’
-ï-¢√-•’: NCERT ¢√∞¡x- (Central schools/ cen-
tral syllabus follow ÅßË’ schools ™
¢√úË) books î√-™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ®Ωç. 5 – 15
à∞¡x-™ °æ¤¢√∞¡Ÿx concentrate îËߪ÷-Lq†
areas: spellings, sentence structures,
Conversational Skills. É´Fo èπÿú≈
NCERT books ™ -Öç-ö«®·.
i) had forgotten (had + PP) f) ؈’ platform îË®Ω’-éÌØËÆæJéÀ train ¢ÁR}-§Ú-®·çC. – í∫´’-Eçî√®Ω’ éπü∆. ÅD had + PP Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç.
°j verb form í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆: had + Past ÉC ´·çü¿’, 鬕öÀd had left (had + PP) ´’J-éÌEo examples îª÷úøçúÕ.
Participle (had + PP)-verb- Ñ form ™ Öçõ‰ g) Éçü¿’™ èπÿú≈ 'ØËEç-öÀ-Èé-∞Ï}-Ææ-JéÀ, Çߪ’† a) He had not slept for two days. When I know
ÅC past perfect tense Å´¤-ûª’çC. É°æ¤púø’ DE ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’. (Had left- ÉC ´·çü¿’) that I felt pity for him
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç îª÷ü∆lç. h) He had not taken the lunch box - Lunch box È®çúø’ ®ÓV-©’í¬ Åûªúø’ Evü¿-§Ú-™‰ü¿’. ÅC ûÁL-Æœ†
a) She told me (yesterday) that she had bought BÂÆ\-∞¡x-™‰ü¿’ – ÉC ´·çü¿’ – 鬕öÀd had (not) ؈’ ñ«L-°æ-ú≈f†’.
a new apartment taken b) Who had opened this before I saw it?
éÌûªh apartment éÌØ√o-†E îÁ°œpçC E†o. i) He had forgotten - ÉC èπÿú≈ ´·çü¿J past ؈’ îª÷ÊÆ-´·çüË á´®Ω’ ûÁJ-î√®Ω’ DEo?
ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: action 鬕öÀd had forgotten - had + PP
Angad: Hi Vaali. Åûªúø’ Chennai ¢Á∞«x-úøE †’´¤y PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING
Angad: I thought that he had gone. So I
thought I could give him the book later.
E†o Ø√ûÓ áçü¿’èπ◊ Å•ü¿l¥ç îÁ§ƒp´¤?
Vaali: He was/ felt angry that I had not
(Å•ü¿l¥ç – lie ¢√úøçúÕ) Åûªúø’ áçü¿’èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡x-™‰ü¿’?
returned his book.
Vaali: ™‰ü¿’. ؈’ Å•ü¿l¥ç îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’. Åûªúø’ ¢Á∞¡-û√- Angad: Åûªúø’ wait îËÆæ’h†o Phone call ®√™‰-ü¿ô.
Vaali: I am sorry. I thought he would tell you
Vaali: OK. ØË¢Á-∞«xL. ´≤ƒh.
†E Ø√ûÓ îÁ§ƒpúø’. FûÓ ´÷ö«x-úÕç-ûª-®√yûª about his change of programme.
Åûªúø’ ¢Á∞¡x-™‰-ü¿E ûÁL-ÆœçC. Åûªúø’ pro- Angad: Bye. Because I had thought so, I didn't call
gramme ´÷®Ω’a-èπ◊Ø√o†E îÁ§ƒpúø’. ANSWER you (So - Å™«)
Angad: ØËØË¢Á÷ Åûªúø’ ¢Á∞«x-úøE ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o. Åçü¿’-éπE Angad: Hi. Vaali, why did you lie to me that he Angad: I had known that he would not go.
ÅûªúÕé¬ °æ¤Ææhéπç ûª®√yûª É´ya™‰ ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o. had left for Chennai yesterday? Vaali: Why didn't he go? (Why did he not
ØËØ√°æ¤Ææhéπç É´y-™‰-ü¿E Ø√O’ü¿ î√™« éÓ°æp-ú≈fúø’. Vaali: No. I didn't lie. He had told me that he go?)
Vaali: I am sorry. Åûªúø’ -FûÓ Programme would go. I knew that he had not gone Angad: He didn't get the phone call he had
´÷®Ω’a-èπ◊†o N≠æߪ’ç îÁ§ƒh-úø-†’-èπ◊Ø√o. 鬕öÀd only after I had talked to you. He told waited for.
Fèπ◊ Phone îËߪ’™‰ü¿’ ؈’. me that he had changed his pro- Vaali: OK. I must be going. Bye.
Angad: Åûªúø’ ¢Á∞¡x-úøE Ø√èπ◊ ´·çüË ûÁ©’Ææ’. gramme. Angad: Bye.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm