1

April 2012
Adhesive anchoring
systems design Manual
Edition: April 2012
2
April 2012
Powers offers the widest range of mechanical and adhesive fasteners in the market place.
Powers products cover the full traditional anchoring range while specialising in innovative
products that provide the architect, engineer and end user with aesthetic, high performance,
labour saving fastening solutions.
For fast technical advice, free samples and free on site demonstrations,
visit our website www.powers.com.au
Powers adhesive systems
V12
High performance
Fast curing
REO/Threaded rod
Styrene free
KF2/AC100e
Economical
Easy to apply
AC100

PRO
High performance.
Fast curing
Styrene free
National On Site
Service
Powers Training
Vehicles
(
PTV
)
National on Site
Anchor Testing
Service
In-house Product &
Application Testing
Service
Melbourne
Support
In House Product
Training Facility
Melbourne
PF PRO
Heavy duty
Low odour
Epoxy anchoring
adhesive
3
April 2012
Contents
Product selection 4
Selection criteria 5
Adhesive anchors Introduction 7
Design criteria Concrete 8
Design criteria Masonry 11
Design concepts Working stress design 11
Design concepts Limit state design 11
Combined loading 13
Anchors subject to bending 13
Threaded rod properties 14
Characteristic compressive cylinder
strength of concrete 14
Adhesive anchors installation guidelines 15
Installation procedures 17
Design example using Adhesive
Anchoring System 20
4
April 2012
PRODUCT BASE MATERIAL ALLOWABLE
WORKING
LOAD
ANCHOR DIAMETER RANGE COATING/
PLATING &
MATERIAL
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INJECTION SYSTEM
PF

PRO 585ml

PF PRO 385ml

V12 420ml

AC100 PRO 585ml

AC100 PRO 385ml

AC100E 300ml

KF2 420ml

CHEMICAL
CAPSULE SYSTEM
SC PRO

Product selection
Adhesive anchors are designed for use in applications which require high load capacities associated with cast-
in-place anchors. They are ideal for use in dynamic and shock load conditions as they are integrally bonded to
the base material.
Suitable Maybe suitable depending on application
5
April 2012
Selection criteria
P
R
O
D
U
C
T

N
A
M
E
P
F

P
R
O
A
C
1
0
0

P
R
O
V
1
2
K
F
2

A
C
1
0
0
e
S
C

P
R
O
ADHESIVE TYPE
PURE
EPOXY
STYRENE
FREE VINYLESTER
POLY-
ESTER
STYRENE
FREE
POLYESTER
VINYLESTER
High performance

Medium to high performance

Medium performance

18 month shelf life

Reinforcing bar applications

Threaded rod applications

Fast curing / cold weather applications

Extended gel time/ warm weather applications

Low odour (for use in conned areas)

Underwater applications

Damp applications

No shrinkage, suitable for use in diamond core drilled holes

Fire rated

Potable (approved to AS/NZS 4020:2005)

Pneumatic dispensing tool

Battery tool

Quick installation

Overhead applications

Hollow base materials

Standard applicator gun

ETA approval

Environmentally friendly

= Coming soon
6
April 2012
AC100e
for medium duty
applications using
standard applicator gun
1
V12 / AC100

PRO
For remedial work
in solid and hollow
masonry, i.e. wall ties.
3
KF2
Light to medium duty
applications in hollow
brick and blockwork
using screen tubes
2
Adhesive anchors
V12 / PF PRO tie
down of timber bottom
plates to concrete
slab in cyclonic/near
cyclonic regions
requiring high load
capacities.
7
V12 / PF PRO
studs for fastening
structural columns
and beams requiring
high load transfer.
4
V12 / PF PRO for
high load applications.
Ideal for connecting
existing slabs to cast
in slabs. It works in
wet holes too!
6
SC PRO
for the tie down of
equipment
5
7
April 2012
Adhesive anchors
Introduction
Pipe support
Hooked bars
Machine bases
Reinforcing bars
Block reinforcing
Light poles
Timber to block
Smooth dowels
Median barriers
Angle brackets to brick
Facade pinning
Seismic upgrades
Adhesive anchoring systems offer many advantages for applications requiring high
load capacities. Capsule type systems frst appeared in the market in the late 1970s
followed by the early co-axial type injection systems. Originally, these products were
used in highway and bridge construction as a substitute for grouted anchors because
of speed of installation. As industry realized the benefts of adhesive systems, their
use in other building applications became popular. Major features applicable to
adhesive systems include:

High Strength
Ability To Be Used With A Variety Of Rod Materials
Stress Free (No mechanical forces)
Sealed Anchor Hole For Weather Resistance
Good Dynamic And Shock Load Performance
Small Hole Diameter Compared To Grout
Typical applications for which adhesive systems may be used are shown below.
Powers Fasteners is the industry leader in adhesive anchoring systems providing the
broadest range of products to meet the needs of the small, medium, and large user.
The systems include both ester and epoxy based systems which are selected based
on the application requirements. Refer to the specifc product sections for details.
8
April 2012
Adhesive anchor functioning
Adhesive anchors achieve their load capacities based on the ability of the adhesive
used to bond to the base material. This ability to bond, often referred to as wetting
action will vary depending upon the adhesive type and formulation. While the adhesive
bonds to the base material, it also forms a mechanical interlock around the threaded
rod. In order to form this interlock, it is important to use anchor rods which have some
type of deformation. Examples would be threaded rod or deformed reinforcing bars.
Smooth dowel bars coated with epoxy can be used with some types of adhesive
systems. In addition to the ability to bond to the base material, the strength of the
anchor rod used can be a critical factor. Many adhesive types can achieve the load
capacity of standard Class 4.6 threaded rod. In order to achieve the strength of the
adhesive, it is often important to specify the use of high strength Class 8.8 threaded rod.
Performance data
The load capacities for adhesives published in this manual are based on extensive
testing conducted according to the requirements of ASTM Standards E 488 and E
1512. To determine the bond strength of an adhesive, a high strength anchor rod was
used. From the initial testing conducted, the adhesive bond strength for an anchor
rod installed in three concrete compressive strengths was developed allowing for the
calculation of various combinations of anchor rod and embedment.
When designing with an adhesive anchoring system, both the strength of the adhesive
resin and the steel anchor rod must be considered. The adhesive may often have a
design or working load capacity that is higher than that for the anchor rod. In order to
account for this, the capacities listed in this manual are published in the following way.
The bond strength for the adhesive is tabulated along with the load capacities for
various threaded steel anchor rod or reinforcing bars. The designer may wish to
use higher safety factors than the minimum safety factors specifed. Steel strength
capacities for threaded rod are based on the design criteria listed in AS 4100 (Steel
Structures Code). For reinforcing and dowel bars, the capacities are based on the
requirements of AS 3600 (Concrete Structures Code). The designer should select
the lesser of the published loads, either the bond strength or the steel strength to
determine the capacity of the anchorage.
The spacing and edge distance factors as listed in the following sections should be
considered. As in all applications, design data including load capacities should be
reviewed and verifed by a design professional familiar with the actual product installation.
Job site test programs
In order to verify that the base material or structural member is able to withstand the
anticipated loading, a pre-installation job site test program is recommended. Test
anchors simulating actual conditions should be loaded to failure to verify site specifc
anchor performance. During installation, it is good practice to conduct proof load
testing on 10 to 15% of the installed anchors to verify proper installation.
Design criteria concrete
Base material thickness
The minimum recommended thickness of solid concrete or masonry base material, BMT,
when using an adhesive anchor is 150% of the embedment to be used. For example,
when installing an anchor to a depth of 100mm, the base material should be at least
150mm thick. Conversely, the maximum embedment should be 2/3 of the base material
thickness. If a concrete slab is 300mm thick, a 200mm depth would be the maximum
recommended anchor embedment. This does not apply to products designed for
installation in hollow base materials. Base material thickness (BMT) of less than 150%
of embedment is permitted, contact Powers Fasteners for details.
9
April 2012
Adhesive anchor spacing and edge distance
Spacing between adhesive anchors
Adhesive type anchors can be installed closer to the edge of a concrete slab than
mechanical anchors with no cracking of the base material. Published performance
data is based on testing conducted at the spacing and edge distance required to
obtain maximum load and should be reduced to account for decreased spacing and
edge distance. The reduction load factors listed are cumulative. For example, the load
capacity for an anchor which is installed at a spacing and an edge distance less than
that required for maximum load capacity would be multiplied by the appropriate factor
from both the spacing and edge distance tables. The factors are normally applied
to the load capacity of the adhesive resin and then compared to the strengths of the
steel anchor rods to be used.
The following table lists the load reduction factor, Rs, for each anchor diameter,
d, based on the center to center anchor spacing. To obtain the maximum load in
tension or shear, a spacing of 8 anchor diameters (8d) should be used. The minimum
recommended anchor spacing is 4 anchor diameters (4d) at which point the load for
the adhesive resin should be reduced by 30%.
THREADED ROD
ANCHOR SIZE d (mm)
ANCHOR SPACING (mm) TENSION AND SHEAR
8d 7d 6d 5d 4d
M8 64 56 48 40 32
M10 80 70 60 50 40
M12 96 84 72 60 48
M16 128 112 96 80 64
M20 160 140 120 100 80
M24 192 168 144 120 96
M30 240 210 180 150 120
M36 288 252 216 180 144
R
s
1.00 0.93 0.85 0.78 0.70
REINFORCING BAR
ANCHOR SIZE d (mm)
ANCHOR SPACING (mm) TENSION AND SHEAR
8d 7d 6d 5d 4d
N10 80 70 60 50 40
N12 96 84 72 60 48
N16 128 112 96 80 64
N20 160 140 120 100 80
N24 192 168 144 120 96
N28 224 196 168 140 112
N32 256 224 192 160 128
N36 288 252 216 180 144
N40 320 280 240 200 160
R
s
1.00 0.93 0.85 0.78 0.70
Edge distance Tension (R
et
)
For adhesive anchors loaded in tension, the following tables list the load reduction
factors, R
et
, for each anchor diameter, d, based on the anchor center to edge distance.
To obtain the maximum tension load, an edge distance of 6 anchor diameters (6d)
should be used. The minimum recommended edge distance is 4 anchor diameters
(4d) at which point the tension load for the adhesive resin should be reduced by 40%.
Edge distance for adhesive anchors
10
April 2012
THREADED ROD
ANCHOR SIZE d (mm)
EDGE DISTANCE (mm) TENSION ONLY
6d 5d 4d
M8 48 40 32
M10 60 50 40
M12 72 60 48
M16 96 80 64
M20 120 100 80
M24 144 120 96
M30 180 150 120
M36 216 180 144
R
et
1.00 0.80 0.60
REINFORCING BAR
ANCHOR SIZE d (mm)
EDGE DISTANCE (mm) TENSION ONLY
6d 5d 4d
N10 60 50 40
N12 72 60 48
N16 96 80 64
N20 120 100 80
N24 144 120 96
N28 168 140 112
N32 192 160 128
N36 216 180 144
N40 240 200 160
R
et
1.00 0.80 0.60
THREADED ROD
ANCHOR SIZE d (mm)
EDGE DISTANCE (mm) SHEAR ONLY
12d 11d 10d 9d 8d 7d 6d 5d 4d
M8 96 88 80 72 64 56 48 40 32
M10 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40
M12 144 132 120 108 96 84 72 60 48
M16 192 176 160 144 128 112 96 80 64
M20 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80
M24 288 264 240 216 192 168 144 120 96
M30 360 330 300 270 240 210 180 150 120
M36 432 396 360 324 288 252 216 180 144
R
es
1.00 0.94 0.88 0.81 0.75 0.69 0.63 0.56 0.50
REINFORCING BAR
ANCHOR SIZE d (mm)
EDGE DISTANCE (mm) SHEAR ONLY
12d 11d 10d 9d 8d 7d 6d 5d 4d
N10 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40
N12 144 132 120 108 96 84 72 60 48
N16 192 176 160 144 128 112 96 80 64
N20 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80
N24 288 264 240 216 192 168 144 120 96
N28 336 308 280 252 224 196 168 140 112
N32 384 352 320 288 256 224 192 160 128
N36 432 396 360 324 288 252 216 180 144
N40 480 440 400 360 320 280 240 200 160
R
es
1.00 0.94 0.88 0.81 0.75 0.69 0.63 0.56 0.50
Edge distance Shear (R
es
)
The following tables list the load reduction factors, R
es
, for each anchor diameter,
d, based on the anchor center to edge distance. To obtain the maximum shear
load, an edge distance of 12 anchor diameters (12d) should be used. The minimum
recommended edge distance is 4 anchor diameters (4d) at which point the shear load
for the adhesive resin should be reduced by 50%.
11
April 2012
When fxing into brickwork or blockwork, position anchors a minimum of
300mm from an edge or opening.
Anchors should be positioned four brick & 2 block courses down from
the top of an unrestrained wall
Minimum recommended spacing between anchors is 200mm
Embedment should be limited to within 30mm of the remote face of the
block / brick
Avoid fxing into mortar joints
Design criteria Masonry (brick and blockwork)
Design concepts concrete anchors
Working stress design
Allowable working load
Limit state design
Using working stress design, concrete anchors are designed based on an allowable
working load that is determined by applying a safety factor to the characteristic
ultimate load capacity.
F
S.W.L
R
A

Where:
F
S.W.L.
= Applied Service Load
R
A
= Allowable Working Load
R
A
= R
char.
/ f
S

Where:
R
char.
= Characteristic ultimate load capacity
(Determined statistically)
f
S
= Safety Factor
Safety factors take into account both the base material and anchor material. Values
of f
S
include allowance for
a) error in estimation of load
b) deviations in material and workmanship
c) long term performance.
f
SC
= 3 (concrete governing factor)
f
SS
= 2.5 (steel governing factor)
When designing for Strength Limit State, the following equation shall apply.
S* R
U

Where:
S* = Design Action Effect
R
U
= Characteristic Ultimate Load capacity (anchor)
= Strength reduction Factor
R
U
= Design Capacity
Design action effect (S*) relates to loads and load combinations acting on a structure as
specifed in the loading code (AS 1170). The loading code is common to all structures
irrespective of material used in the structure and the differences in material behaviour
are taken into account in the relevant material code.
12
April 2012
Strength limit state Design requirements for concrete anchors
Material Strength - Steel
Where the anchor material strength is the limiting factor in Tension & Shear, anchors
shall be designed to satisfy -
Tension
N* N
tf
(ref. AS4100 clause 9.3.2.2)
Where:
N* = Design tension force (kN)
= 0.8 (Capacity factor)
N
tf
= Nominal tension capacity of steel (kN)
N
tf
= Design steel capacity tension (kN)
Shear
V* V
f
(ref. AS4100 clause 9.3.2.1)
Where:
V* = Design shear force (kN)
= 0.8 (Capacity factor)
V
f
= Nominal shear capacity of steel (kN)
V
f
= Design steel capacity shear (kN)
Concrete Strength
Where the concrete strength is the limiting factor in Tension & Shear, anchors shall
be designed to satisfy -
Tension
N* N
A

Where:
N* = Design tension force (kN)
= 0.6 [Strength reduction factor - ref. AS3600 table 2.3(j)]
N
A
= Characteristic Ultimate tension load capacity (kN)
N
A
= Design tension capacity - concrete (kN)
Shear
V* V
A

Where:
V* = Design shear force (kN)
= 0.6 [Strength reduction factor -ref. AS3600 table 2.3(j)]
V
A
= Characteristic Ultimate shear load capacity (kN)
V
A
= Design shear capacity - concrete (kN)
Strength reduction factors and capacity factors () from AS3600 and AS4100 are listed
below. Values of include allowance for deviations in material and workmanship.
Strength Reduction Factors Concrete {Ref. AS3600 table 2.3 (j)}
= 0.6 (Tension)
= 0.6 (Shear)
Capacity Factors Steel (Ref. AS4100 table 3.4)
= 0.8 (Tension)
= 0.8 (Shear)
13
April 2012
N*
V*
M*
Moment arm
Fixture (t
f
)
Non structural
material or void
(g
m
)
Half anchor
(d/2)
N
N
V
V
A A
*
/
*
/

5 3 5 3
1
T
T
S
S
S
A
S
A

5 3 5 3
1
/ /
Where:
N* = Design Tension Force
NA=Anchor Design Tension Capacity
V* = Design Shear Force
VA = Anchor Design Shear Capacity
Where:
T
S
= Applied Tension Load
T
A
= Allowable Tension Load
S
S
= Applied Shear Load
S
A
= Allowable Shear Load
Working stress design Limit state design
Anchors loaded in both tension and shear must satisfy the following equations:
Combined loading
Anchors subject to bending
One often overlooks result of static load in bending. It is frequently necessary to place
shims or spacers between the fxture and the base material for alignment or leveling.
When this occurs, it is often the strength of the anchor material or bolt material that
determines the capacity of the connection. The load is applied at a distance from
the surface of the base material creating a lever type action on the anchor. Typical
examples of this type of loading are the installation of windows using plastic horse
shoe shims or machinery installations with shims below the base plate. In loading
such as this, it is often the physical strength of the anchor material, not the tension
and shear load capacities, that limits the strength of the anchorage. The bending
load should be calculated by a design professional based on the material from which
an anchor is manufactured. In concrete or masonry materials, the lever arm used in
the calculation should be increased to allow for spalling around the top of the anchor
hole, usually by 1/2 to 1 anchor diameter.
Strength limit state Design requirements for anchors in bending
Design bending moment (M*)
M* = V* ( d / 2 + t
f
/ 2 + g
m
)
Where:
V* = Design Shear force (kN)
d = Diameter of anchor (mm)
t
f
= Fixture thickness (mm)
g
m
= Non-structural material or void (mm)
An anchor subject to a
design bending moment
(M*) shall satisfy -
M* M
F

14
April 2012
Design bending Capacity (M
F
)
The Design bending capacity is based on the material properties of the (steel) anchor.
M
F
= 0.9 f
y
Z
Where:
M
F
= Nominal moment capacity of anchor (Nmm)
= 0.9 [Capacity Factor (ref. AS4100 table 3.4)]
f
y
= Yield Strength (MPa)
Z = Effective Section Modulus of anchor (mm
3
)
Combined Loading and Bending
Anchors subject to combined tension, shear and bending shall be designed to satisfy
the following criteria.
1. Determine the design tension capacity of steel due to bending (N
tfb
)
N
tfb
= N
tf
( 1 M* / M
F
)
Where:
N
tfb
= Nominal tension capacity of steel due to bending (kN)
N
tf
= Nominal tension capacity of steel (kN) 2. The design tension
capacity of steel due to bending (N
tfb
) shall satisfy the tension loads formulae where
design is based on the lesser of the concrete and steel capacity due to bending.
N* N
A, tfb

3. There is no reduction in Shear due to bending, anchors in Shear shall be designed
to satisfy -
V* V
A, f

4. Anchors subject to combined Tension, Shear and Bending shall satisfy -
( N* / N
A, tfb
)
5/3
+ ( V* / V
A, f
)
5/3
1
Threaded rod properties
THREADED
STUD
(mm)
d
TENSILE
STRESS AREA
OF THREAD
(mm
2
)
A
S
EFFECTIVE
SECTION
MODULUS
(mm
3
)
Z
CLASS 5.8 CLASS 8.8 CLASS 316SS (A4-50)
Y.S.
(0.2%OFFSET)
(MPa)
f
y
U.T.S.
(MPa)
f
u
Y.S.
(0.2%OFFSET)
(MPa)
f
y
U.T.S.
(MPa)
f
u
Y.S.
(0.2%OFFSET)
(MPa)
f
y
U.T.S.
(MPa)
f
u
M8 36.6 31.2
420 520
640 800
210 500
M10 58.0 62.3
M12 84.3 109.2
M16 157.0 277.5
M20 245.0 540.9
M24 353.0 935.5
660 830 M30 561.0 1874.2
M36 817.0 3293.8
U.T.S. = Ultimate Tensile Stress Y.S. = Yield Stress
Characteristic compressive cylinder strength of concrete (
c
)
The characteristic compressive strength of concrete or concrete grade is determined
using formed cylinder test specimens of size 150mm dia. x 300 mm high. Requirements
for sampling and testing are detailed in AS 1012. Load capacities for anchor installations
in normal weight concrete are listed in this manual and relate to concrete that has
achieved its designated 28 day compressive cylinder strength. Job site tests are
recommended for installations in concrete where the material strength or condition
is unknown or questionable. Load capacities listed in this manual were achieved
in un-reinforced concrete test members to provide baseline data that is useable
regardless of the possible beneft of reinforcement.
15
April 2012
150mm
300mm
Torque values
A maximum torque value is listed for applications in which an adhesive anchor will be
used to install a threaded rod. Although the application of torque is not necessary to
achieve the published loads, in some cases it may be desirable to apply a clamping
force to a fxture. The purpose of a maximum torque is to prevent over stressing of the
adhesive bond. These values are based on testing in normal weight concrete at the
standard embedment for capsule type adhesives and nine diameters of embedment
for injection type adhesives. For specifc applications, job site tests are recommended.
As with mechanical anchors, preload relaxation should be expected due to creep
within the concrete and in the adhesive.
Effect of elevated temperature
The bond strength of all adhesive type anchors is effected by elevated temperatures in
the base material. As the temperature of the base material increases, the bond strength
of the cured adhesive will decrease. Typically, the reduction in bond strength is based
on testing conducted in concrete test samples maintained at a given temperature for
a minimum of 24 hours before applying a test load. If the base material is maintained
at a constant elevated temperature, the loads for the adhesive should be reduced
accordingly. During a fre, the actual behavior of an adhesive depends upon the heat
dissipation inside the concrete. The rate of dissipation will vary depending upon the
concrete design mix along with the size and shape of the structural member. Normally,
at depths beyond 75mm, the concrete heats up relatively slowly since only one face of
a slab is actually exposed to a fre. In addition to the heat dissipation within the base
material, the transfer of heat into the adhesive by the anchor rod should be considered.
One method of reducing the transfer of heat energy is to protect the fxture and the
head of the anchor with a suitable coating. Stainless steel anchor rods typically have
a low degree of heat transfer and may be used with some adhesives to provide an
anchor which has a degree of fre conducted with Type 316 stainless steel rods
installed in normal weight concrete has shown that some adhesives can sustain a
design load for at least 30 minutes when exposed to a temperature of 815C. Refer
to product selection criteria.
Adhesive anchors installation guidelines
As with any building component, proper installation is the key to a successful application
once the anchor has been properly selected. While each individual adhesive product
section provides specifc installation instructions, the following summary highlights
general areas of importance.
Compressive strength factor (THREADED ROD ONLY)
In the absence of performance data for specifc grades of concrete, a compressive
strength factor (C
f
) may be applied to the anchor concrete capacities to adjust data
accordingly.
Tension (15
c
50)
Concrete grade
c
(MPa) 15 20 25 32 35 40 45 50
Compressive strength factor C
f
0.68 0.79 0.88 1.00 1.05 1.12 1.19 1.25
Shear (
c
15)
Concrete grade
c
(MPa) 15
Compressive strength factor C
f
1.00
Note:
1. Compressive strength factors should only be applied in the absence of tabulated performance data for
specic grades of concrete.
2. Compressive strength factors should only be applied within the above stated parameters.
3. For installations using threaded rod or reinforcing bar, the steel capacity should also be considered in the
anchor design.
Concrete test specimen
16
April 2012
Anchor holes
A properly drilled hole is a critical factor both for ease of installation and optimum
anchor performance. The anchors selected and the drill bits to be used should be
specifed as part of the total anchoring system. Powers Fasteners adhesive anchors
are designed to be installed in holes drilled with carbide tipped bits meeting the
requirements of ISO/DIN 8035 Standard unless otherwise specifed. If alternate bit
types such as diamond tipped core bits are used, the tip tolerance should be within
the ISO/DIN 8035 range. A diamond tipped bit drills a hole which has very smooth
walls. Although some adhesive anchors tend to work acceptably in diamond cored
holes, testing should be conducted to verify performance.
When using adhesives, anchor holes should be thoroughly cleaned prior to installation
of the adhesive. During the drilling process, dust is often pressed into the walls of
the hole. Blowing the hole with compressed air or vacuuming alone will not properly
clean the hole. In order to ensure that the proper bond is developed with the base
material, the holes should also be brushed using a nylon brush to remove dust and
other debris which may have been pressed into the walls of the hole. When using
compressed, always use appropriate flters to prevent oil from the compressed air
unit contaminating the drilled anchor hole.
Use of adhesives in cold weather
One of the differences between epoxy and ester based resins is the type of chemical
reaction. When the individual components of an epoxy are combined or mixed, the
reaction which occurs is called an addition reaction. The reaction is described in
this manner because it involves the addition of an epoxy molecule with an amine
molecule which are then cross linked three dimensionally to form a polymer. When
the temperature is warmer, the molecules are freer and able to cross link faster. As
the temperature lowers, the cross linking becomes more diffcult and will stop at a
certain point.
Ester based resins react differently. In an ester based resin, the hardening catalyst
causes the ester molecules or monomers to link together forming long chain polymers.
In this type of reaction, the mix ratio is not as critical. While colder temperatures do
not effect the reaction of these resins as severely, proper conditioning is still required.
As the temperature of the unmixed components of an adhesive material decreases,they
thicken which can make dispensing or installation diffcult in cold weather. To prevent
diffculty during installation, Powers Fasteners recommends that adhesives be
conditioned to a minimum temperature of 15C prior to installation unless otherwise
recommended in the individual product sections. When an adhesive is conditioned, it
should be maintained at the required minimum temperature for a suffcient amount of
time to insure that the entire cross section of the container is brought to temperature.
Some products, especially epoxies, are not recommended for use in base materials
having a temperature of 5C or less unless job site performance tests are conducted.
Although these materials may gel and cure at lower temperatures, 5C was selected
as a safe minimum temperature because experience has shown that no special
installation procedures are required beyond our published instructions.
When adhesive anchors are installed in concrete which is in the freezing range, frost
or ice can form on the walls of the anchor hole. If this occurs, injection type adhesives
may not properly bond to the walls of the anchor hole. Spin-in type capsule systems
which scrape the walls of the anchor hole during installation are less sensitive to this.
Since concrete is porous and acts like a sponge, even the pour water can freeze
and prevent the adhesive from properly wetting the surface of the hole. This can
be prevented by heating the anchor hole with a heat gun prior to installation of the
adhesive. A torch should never be used because it carbonates the concrete on the
walls of the anchor hole creating a residual dust.
Since variations in the concrete design mix may effect the formation of frost or ice
on the walls of an anchor hole, job site performance tests are recommended for
installations of epoxies in base materials having a temperature of less than 5C to
verify gel and cure times.
17
April 2012
Installation procedure Adhesive Injection Systems
Threaded rod and reinforcing bars in solid base materials (including deep embedment)
Drill a hole to the size and embedment
required.
Blow the hole clean with compressed air, brush
the hole, and blow it clean again. Repeat this
process until holes are clean and sound.
They may be dry or damp, but should be free of
standing water or frost.
When using compressed air, always use appropriate flters
to prevent oil from the compressed air unit contaminating
the drilled anchor hole.
Be sure to properly balance (achieve
consistent mix and colour) the mixing
nozzle prior to dispensing and when
changing cartridges.
Fill the hole approximately half way
with adhesive starting from the rear
of the hole. Slowly withdraw the static
mixing nozzle as the hole flls to avoid
creating air pockets within the hole.
Prior to use, read the box and carton label, Design Manual, Material Safety Data Sheet, and injection tool instructions.
For deep embedment applications, use a compressed air extension gun and
the correct size SDS brush adaptor and brush in a SDS drill. This will ensure
proper cleaning of the drilled hole.
For deep embedment applications, attach the plastic extension tube and
correct size piston plug to the mixing nozzle for proper adhesive installation in
deep holes. The Powers Battery Applicator tool is also recommended
for deep embedment applications.
2a
1
3a
3b
2b
18
April 2012
Drill a hole to the size and embedment for the
required screen size. Blow the hole clean with
compressed air, brush the hole, and blow it
clean again. Repeat this process until holes
are clean and sound.
When using compressed air, always use
appropriate flters to prevent oil from the
compressed air unit contaminating the drilled
anchor hole.
Properly balance (achieve consistent mix and
colour) the mixing nozzle prior to dispensing
and when changing cartridges. Fill the screen
tube with adhesive starting from the rear of
the screen. The screen tube should be flled
completely prior to inserting it in the hole.
Insert the flled screen tube into the anchor
hole until it is fully seated at the required
embedment.
Threaded rod in hollow base materials
Push the threaded rod into the
hole while turning slightly to insure
positive distribution of the adhesive.
Be sure the rod is fully seated at the
bottom of the hole and that some
adhesive has fowed from the top
of the hole. The threaded rod or
reinforcing bar used should be free
of dirt, grease, oil, or other foreign
material.
Allow the adhesive to cure for the
specifed time prior to applying any
load. Do not disturb or load the
anchor until it is fully cured.
4
5
Note:
Refer to the latest Powers Fasteners Buyers Guide for details on all Adhesive
Accessories including part numbers and sizing.
19
April 2012
Push the threaded rod into the screen while
turning slightly to insure positive dispersement
of the adhesive. Be sure the rod is fully inserted
to the end of the screen tube. The threaded rod
or reinforcing bar used should be free of dirt,
grease, oil, or other foreign material.
Allow the adhesive to cure for the specifed time
prior to applying any load. Do not disturb or load
the anchor until it is fully cured.
Prior to use, read the box and carton label, Design Manual,
Material Safety Data Sheet, and injection tool instructions.
Threaded rod in overhead applications
Drill a hole to the size
and embedment re-
quired.
Blow the hole clean with
compressed air, brush
the hole, and blow it
clean again. Repeat this
process until holes are
clean and sound. They
may be dry or damp, but
should be free of frost.
When using com-
pressed air, always
use appropriate fil-
ters to prevent oil from
the compressed air
unit contaminating the
drilled anchor hole.
Be sure to properly bal-
ance (achieve consist-
ent mix and colour) the
mixing nozzle prior to
dispensing and when
changing cartridges.
Fill the hole approxi-
mately half way with ad-
hesive starting from the
rear of the hole. Slowly
withdraw the static mix-
ing nozzle as the hole
fills to avoid creating air
pockets within the hole.
Push the threaded
rod into the hole while
turning slightly to insure
positive distribution of
the adhesive. Be sure
the rod is fully seated at
the bottom of the hole
and that some adhesive
has flowed from the top
of the hole.
Ensure that the retain-
ing cap is wedged in the
hole to support the stud
during curing time.
The threaded rod or
reinforcing bar used
should be free of dirt,
grease, oil, or other
foreign material.
Allow the adhesive to
cure for the specified
time prior to applying
any load. Do not dis-
turb or load the anchor
until it is fully cured.
Prior to use, read the box and carton label, Design Manual, Material Safety Data Sheet, and injection tool instructions.
Thread correct retain-
ing cap onto stud to
the desired level, en-
suring correct rod em-
bedment depth.
20
April 2012
A prefabricated steel building requires the design of column to slab anchorage. The
building is designed with 12mm thick base plates for six M16 anchors as shown.
Design a post-installed adhesive anchorage with M16 class 5.8 rods for the edge
columns as shown considering a design tension load of 80 KN and a reversible shear
load of 50 kN.

125
160
N*
V*
125
350
125
250
A
B
Design data:
Concrete strength 40 MPa
Total Design tension force = 80 kN
Total Design shear force = 50 kN
Edge distance = 125mm
Anchor Spacing = 160, 125mm
Fixture thickness = 12mm
No. of anchors in shear = 2 (conservatively, assume equal load
distribution of anchors A and B in shear only.)
No. of anchors in tension = 6 (assume equal load distribution of all
anchors in tension)
Design Example using Adhesive Anchoring System:
21
April 2012
Step 1 Design for tension (anchor A)
Design tension force per anchor = 80/6=13.3kN = N*
Anchors A and B are equally worst infuenced by reductions and anchor A is selected
for design
Client wishes to use M16 adhesive anchor with class 5.8 studs at standard embedment
depth
Selected adhesive system is PF PRO epoxy injection system @ standard depth 125mm
From the performance data tension table in the PF PRO design manual under
Limit State Design, consider the lesser of the design capacity concrete and
design steel capacity
NB: Design capacity concrete must incorporate any reductions for edge and spacing
Anchor A
R
et
for 125mm = 1.0 (from edge reduction factor table - tension)
R
s
for 160mm = 1.0 & 125mm = 0.99 (from spacing reduction factor table)
Design capacity concrete = 66.8kN
Reduced Design capacity concrete = 66.8 x 0.99 x = 66.13 kN = N
A
Design steel capacity = 65.3 kN = N
tf
N
tf
N
A
therefore Anchor Design tension capacity is 65.3 kN
N* N
tf

13.3 65.3 kN Anchor A Design tension capacity OK
Step 2 Design for Shear (anchor A)
Design Shear force per anchor = 50/2 = 25kN = V*
From the performance data shear table in the PF PRO design manual under
Limit State Design, consider the lesser of the design capacity concrete and
design steel capacity
NB: Design capacity concrete must incorporate any reductions for edge and spacing
Anchor A
R
es
for 125mm = 0.74 (from edge reduction factor table - shear)
R
s
for 160mm = 1.0 & 125mm = 0.99 (from spacing reduction factor table)
Design capacity concrete = 37.6kN
Reduced Design capacity concrete = 37.6 x 0.99 x 0.74 = 27.6 kN = V
A
Design steel capacity = 37.1 kN = V
tf
V
A
V
tf
therefore Anchor Design shear capacity is 27.6 kN
V* V
A
25 27.6 kN Anchor A Design shear capacity OK
22
April 2012
Step 3 Combined loading
Anchors loaded in both tension and shear must satisfy the following equation:
N
N
V
V
A A
*
/
*
/

5 3 5 3
1
Where:
N* = Design Tension Force
N
A
=Anchor Design Tension Capacity
V* = Design Shear Force
V
A
= Anchor Design Shear Capacity
Limit state design
(13.3/65.3)
5/3
+ (25/27.6)
5/3
1.0
0.07 + 0.85 = 0.92 1.0 Anchor A combined loading OK
Design satisfes OK
Specify

Powers Fasteners PF PRO epoxy injection system with STM16190 stud (galvanised
to match steelwork)
Hole Drill Size 18mm
Embedment Depth 125mm
Anchors to be installed as per Powers published installation instructions and installation
team to contact Powers for adhesive training and certifcation prior to commencement
of installation works.
23
April 2012
Notes
24
April 2012 April 2011
Distributor:
Contact Information for
Powers Fasteners Australasia
Head Ofce
Address : Factory 3, 205 Abbotts Road
Dandenong South VIC 3175
Telephone : (03) 8795 4600
Fax : (03) 8787 5899
Website : www.powers.com.au
E-mail : info@powers.com.au
The content of this document is Copyright 2012 Powers Fasteners Australasia Pty Ltd (Powers). All rights reserved.