Remember[ing] the Ladies

Margaret Johnson and Elizabeth Evans, Women of the New Jersey Brigade

John U. Rees

Abigail Adams to her husband John, Braintree March 31, 1776 I long to hear that you have
declared an independency and by the way in the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be
necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and
favourable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the
Husbands. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. If perticuliar care and attention is
not paid to the Laidies we are determined to foment a Rebelion, and will not hold ourselves bound
by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation.
______________________


Mess Roll of Capt. John Rosss company, 3d New Jersey Regiment, June 1777
(Transcription in endnotes.)

In June 1777 the 3d New Jersey Regiment was stationed in northern New Jersey, in and near
the Short Hills. At some point during that month a roster was made of the mess groups in Capt.
John Rosss company. Mess groups usually had five or six people each, the same number of
enlisted personnel assigned to a single common tent. All told the company had ten groups
containing forty-nine men and two women; two of those mess squads contained females, one
with Corporal Samuel Johnson, his wife Margaret, and two private soldiers, and another having
Private Emanuel Evans, Elizabeth Evans, and three other privates.
This comprises all we know of the women with Rosss company, that they were present in
June 1777, and that they ate and shared a tent with their husbands and several other soldiers. We
do a have bit more on their spouses, which helps us guess at the course the ladies lives followed.
Elizabeth Evans husband served for one year in 1776 with the 3d New Jersey, and reenlisted for
the war on 14 January 1777. He was sick absent from at least 3 November 1777 to 24 March
1778, and was listed on detached duty at Trimbles/Trembles/Trembells Point, New Jersey from
December 1778 until he deserted to the enemy on 24 March 1779. Emanuel was captured by
Whig forces in 1779 and in March 1780 was listed as a prisoner under sentence of death.
Historian Todd Braisted provides more details: after deserting from the 3d New Jersey, Emanuel
Evans enlisted in the Loyalist 1
st
Battalion, New Jersey Volunteers on 27 March 1779. On 15
October 1779 he and five other N.J.V. soldiers were captured off Elizabethtown Point on board
the galley Crane. Sentenced to death for "Deserting to the enemy and [being] taken in arms
against the States," Evans and nine other condemned men were pardoned on 26 May 1780 and
returned to duty with their Continental regiments. On 23 June 1780, likely at the Battle of
Springfield where both the New Jersey brigade and the New Jersey Volunteers fought, Emanuel
Evans again deserted and rejoined the Loyalist battalion. He served to the wars end and
afterwards settled in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia. Margarets Corporal Johnson enlisted for
three years with the 3d New Jersey on 13 February 1777 and was discharged in February 1780.
He was on duty with that command the entire time except for two furloughs (likely a month
each) in April 1778 and late March 1779.

(Painting by Don Troiani, www.historicalimagebank.com)

As for Elizabeth and Margaret we cannot certainly know how long they remained with their
husbands in the service. Elizabeth may have continued with the regiment until Emanuel took sick
that autumn of 1777. Whether she returned with him to Valley Forge the following April, or
remained with family or friends in New Jersey is unknown, but one or both women possibly left
the winter camp on 25 May 1778 for Mount Holly, New Jersey where Brig. Gen. William
Maxwells brigade was reunited. If so their path followed the Jersey regiments as they shadowed
and harassed the Crown columns heading across the state from Coopers Ferry to Monmouth
Courthouse. After the 28 June battle, the New Jersey troops took post in and around
Elizabethtown, their home till late spring 1779.
Depending on the circumstances, Elizabeth Evans may have been left behind when her
husband deserted and joined a Loyalist regiment in March 1779. If that was the case, it is likely
she was able to join Emanuel on Staten Island, the New Jersey Volunteers post from summer
1777 to June 1782, and emigrated with him to Nova Scotia after the war.
Margaret Johnson, too, may have continued to follow her husband as he campaigned with his
regiment. If so, she, and perhaps Elizabeth Evans, experienced the most difficult campaign living
conditions of the war. The New Jersey troops fought at the Battle of Short Hills on 26 June 1777,
after which the 1st and 3d Regiments served under Maj. Gen. John Sullivan on his 22 August
Staten Island raid, then marched south to join the 2d and 4th Regiments with the main army,
seeing action at the 11 September Battle of Brandywine (where some women with the 6th
Pennsylvania Regiment, and perhaps those with other units, carried water to their men in line of
battle). Worse was yet to come, Ensign George Ewing writing of the period between Brandywine
and the Germantown battle, Were I to describe the hardships and the difficulties we underwent
from this time untill the 4 of October no person but those who were with us would credit my
relation therefore I chuse to pass it over in silence rather than [have those who] should se[e]
this work think me guilty of an Hyperbole From that point to their arrival at Valley Forge,
campaigning conditions were not much better, especially in November and December, with the
onset of colder weather, the soldiers and followers were clad in worn-out clothing and footwear,
living (at best) in brush shelters, all on a relatively poor diet. At campaigns end General
Washingtons army moved into winter quarters at Valley Forge and commenced building log
huts.
Following the Monmouth campaign, and ten months spent garrisoning the area in and around
Elizabethtown, in May 1779 Maxwells New Jersey brigade received orders to join Maj. Gen.
John Sullivans small army as it prepared to move north against the Iroquois. Numbers of women
accompanied Sullivans troops, first to Easton, Pennsylvania, then to Wyoming (present-day
Wilkes Barre), where they were supplied and organized for the campaign. Leaving Wyoming on
31 July, the army headed up the Susquehanna River, traveling on foot, or via bateaux or pack
horses (some women rode pack horses to free men for other duties), reaching the Iroquois town
of Tioga on 11 August. Prior to the armys movement into New York on the 24th, a number of
women were chosen to remain behind at newly constructed Fort Sullivan to serve as nurses and
wash for the men when they returned; those not needed were sent back to Wyoming. Though we
have no information on New Jersey female followers during that campaign, some must have
been present. In the same situation, the four regiments of the New York brigade retained thirteen
women, including three with children, at Tioga. Sullivans force returned to Fort Sullivan on 30
September, and after a few days rest, marched south on October 4th, having destroyed the
fortification. On 17 December Maxwells Jersey brigade arrived at the site of their winter camp

Area of operations for Brig. Gen. William Maxwells New Jersey Brigade, 1777 to 1780. Tioga, in
Pennsylvania, near the New York border, is at the upper left. Detail from map of the Middle
Colonies and Quebec, Lester J. Cappon, ed., Atlas of Early American History - The Revolutionary Era
1760-1790 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976), 4

at Eyre's Forge on the Hardscrabble Road, located between Jockey Hollow, Basking Ridge and
Vealtown (present-day Bernardsville).
If Margaret Johnson did march with General Sullivans expedition and remained with the 3d
Regiment after it returned to New Jersey, she would have found the Eyres Forge camp an
unappealing prospect. The weather alone would have been reason enough to seek shelter elsewhere
(if, indeed, any was available with family or friends); the winter of 1779-1780 proved the worst of
the century, with snowfall beginning in late November 1779; by December 6th it was "knee deep
and the weather very cold." In any case, with her husbands enlistment ending in February 1780, life
away from the army, and the chance to start anew, was a prospect ripe with uncertainty.
After Samuel Johnsons discharge, he and his wife disappear from the records. A check of the
1790 census shows no one of that name in New Jersey, and there is no way of knowing which
Samuel Johnson listed as living in the other states may be our man.
The women who followed the Continental Army, as in the other armies of the War for
Independence, had a hard life, particularly on campaign, but proved invaluable to the welfare of
the troops. American (Whig) female followers could not support themselves, and relied on the
army ration to feed themselves and their children. In their own words they "could earn their
Rations, but the Soldier, nay the Officer, for whom they Wash has naught to pay them." They
did, however, perform duties such as washing, and sometimes cooking, for those men to whom
they were related or otherwise associated with. As the war progressed these dual duties (most
particularly laundering) were increasingly required of them in return for their continued presence
with the army. Importantly, besides performing practical tasks, they provided some semblance of
home life for the men. This seemingly minor service was extremely important considering that
the War for Independence continued for eight years and soldiers fought tedium more often than
they did the enemy.
As with all the other nations military forces during the war, the Continental Army was not
just a community of men. Numbers of women and their accompanying children followed the
troops throughout the war, performing tasks that contributed to the soldiers welfare. From the
wars beginning womens numbers fluctuated greatly between regiments, and from company to
company within each regiment. In December 1777 a return for the main army at Valley Forge
showed a total of 400 women present, or one woman for each forty-four enlisted men (though it
is possible there were more women with the army during the previous summer). In January 1783,
a return for the army at New Windsor gave an average of one woman for every twenty-six
enlisted men. During the intervening years the average ratio may have been within the range of
one-to-thirty and one-to-thirty-five, or approximately three percent of the total number of troops.
From available information, it seems that early in the conflict it was not at all remarkable for an
individual company to contain no women. This situation had changed by 1783 when the average
was two women for each company in the main army. And, as a rule, some organizations, such as
Washingtons Life Guard, the Corps of Sappers and Miners, artillery units, and regiments or
companies from occupied areas of New York, had greater than average proportions of women.
The only return of women with the New Jersey regiments was made in January 1783, as
follows:

Enlisted
Women Children Men
1st Jersey Regiment 19 14 426 1 woman to 22 men
2nd Jersey Regiment 20 13 404 1 woman to 31 men
_____________
My thanks to Todd W. Braisted for information on Emanuel Evans Loyalist service. Todds
website is The On-Line Institute of Advanced Loyalist Studies
(http://www.royalprovincial.com/)

Sources:
Abigail Adams to John Adams, 31 March 1776, L.H. Butterfield,ed., Adams Family
Correspondence, vol.1 (Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1963-1993),
369-371.

"A Mess Roll of Captn. Ross's Compy", 1777, Revolutionary War Rolls, 1775-1783, National
Archives Microfilm Publication M246, Record Group 93, reel 62, section 44-2. Muster rolls for
Captain John Ross's company, 3rd New Jersey Regiment, May and October 1777, ibid., section 44-1. A
comparison of these two rolls indicates that the date of the mess squad listing is June of 1777. During
this month the 3rd New Jersey was attached to the main army and posted near the Short Hills in northern
New Jersey. Muster rolls of the 3rd New Jersey Regiment, ibid., reels 62, 63 and 63. One instance of the
varying numbers of men per company within an individual regiment comes from the 3rd New Jersey for
June of 1777. The numbers are as follows: Ross's Company, 49 enlisted men; Dickerson's Co., 65;
Flanigan's Co., 42; Gifford's Co., 32; Hagan's Co., 20; and Patterson's Co., 33. The full strength of a
company of foot in 1777 was eighty-six enlisted men. Robert K. Wright, Jr., The Continental Army
(Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1984), 47
Transcription of mess roll
"A Mess Roll of Captn. Ross's Compy," 3
rd
New Jersey Regiment
(A listing of mess squads for June 1777)
1st 2nd
George Grant, sgt. Samuel Johnson, cpl.
William Andrews, cpl. Margaret Johnson
George Leadbetter [captured 9/11/77] Jonathan Emmons
Jacob [Likens?] Edward Howell
Daniel Danaly

3rd 4th
Jonathan McCully Abraham Peterson
Vincent Bishop Aaron Deacon
Francis Carbury Daniel Ellis
Jonathan Williamson Thomas Holland
Simon Boney Thomas Morris
Benjamin Norcross, drummer

5th 6th
Emmanuel Evans Thomas Dixon [deserted August 1777]
Elizabeth Evans Jonathan Howard
Edward Brady Martin Wholahan [deserted 7/1/77]
Joseph Johnson Abel Addams
Patrick Ryan James Milsop
Paul Brewer





7th 8th
Henry Burgher William Gibson, sgt.
James Deharmond James Shea, cpl.
William Smith [captured 9/11/77] Thomas Gibson
Levi Johnson Henry Quigg [killed 10/4/77]
Henry Flitcraft [deserted 9/1/77] James Morris
William [?]

9th 10
John Roy [died 8/31/77] Capt. Ross
John Walter Ensign Kersey
Jonathan Freeman John Guy
Frederick Campbell Joseph Hunter
John Higgins William Lyons
Peter [Bruchaw?] John Higgins

49 enlisted men and 2 women (1 woman for 24 men)

Most of the squads listed contained five or six people. These numbers coincide with common usage during
the war, which was a standard complement of six men per mess, though this number was sometimes
increased to as many as twelve. The use and size of mess squads was related to the number of men (and also,
it seems, women) assigned to each tent. In the Continental Army throughout the war the optimum number of
occupants for each common soldier's tent was six, with occasional exceptions due to a shortage of tents or a
desire to minimize the baggage carried by the army. In June 1776 Captain Joseph Bloomfield's company, 3rd
New Jersey Regiment, had one tent allotted to shelter six enlisted men while General John Sullivan's division
orders of 17 August 1777 not only stipulated the same number of enlisted men per tent but allotted one tent
for every six "Waggoners [or] weomen" as well. It is probable that, due to the exigencies of army life, the
women included with the two mess squads in Ross's company in June 1777 shared a tent with the men of
their squad.
Charles Knowles Bolton, The Private Soldier Under Washington (Williamstown, Ma., 1976), discussion
of rations and mess squads, 77-78. Harold L. Peterson, The Book of the Continental Soldier (Harrisburg,
Pa., 1968), number of men in mess squads, 147. Joseph Plumb Martin, Private Yankee Doodle: A
Narrative of Some of the Adventures, Dangers and Sufferings of a Revolutionary Soldier (New York,
N.Y., 1962), 51. After the Battle of White Plains in the autumn of 1776 Martin gave the number of men in
his mess squad as only three. Mark E. Lender and James Kirby Martin, eds., Citizen Soldier; The
Revolutionary Journal of Joseph Bloomfield (Newark: New Jersey Historical Society, 1982), 87. At the time
of the return Bloomfield's company was stationed at German Flats in the Mohawk Valley of New York
state. Division Orders, 17 August 1777, Joseph Brown Turner, ed., The Journal and Order Book of
Captain Robert Kirkwood of the Delaware Regiment of the Continental Line (New York, 1970), 147. The
number of men assigned to a tent was usually set at six though at times there were exceptions to this rule.
"The Brigadier Genls. are requested to get a Return of the actual Strength of each Regt. in their
Respective Brigades & also the Number of Tents drawn for the use of the Regts. ... The Quarter Master
Genl. is to proportion the Tents to the Strength of Regts. One Tent to each five Privates ...," General
Orders, 24 May 1777, Order Book of Col. Daniel Morgan's 11th Virginia Regiment, New Jersey, May 15
- June 9, 1777, Early American Orderly Books, reel 4, no. 45. In order to lessen the baggage of the army
in the autumn of 1777 one tent was alloted to every eight non-commissioned officers, musicians or
privates, General Orders, 13 September 1777, John C. Fitzpatrick, ed., The Writings of George Washington
from the Original Manuscript Sources 1745-1799, vol. 9 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office,
1933), 213. The proportion of tents was standardized for the army in 1779 allowing one tent for every six
non-commissioned officers, musicians or privates, General Orders, 27 May 1779, ibid., vol. 15 (1936),
162-163.
Compiled Service Records of Soldiers who Served in the American Army During the Revolutionary War;
(National Archives Microfilm Publication M881, 1096 rolls), War Department Collection of
Revolutionary War Records, RG 93, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
Samuel Johnson, corporal, Rosss Company, 3d New Jersey
Enlisted 13 February 1777 for 3 years, discharged February 1780, from muster roll, 1 June 1777 to 31
October 1777.
4 April 1778, on furlough
Camp, Mount Holly 12 June 1778, on command
5 August 1778, on guard
Camp Elizabethtown, 4 January 1779, on guard
23 March 1779, on furlough
8 November 1779, Camp Scotch Plains
17 October 1779, Camp Easton
7 July 1779, Camp Wyoming
11 June 1779, Camp Easton.
Emmanuel Evans, enlisted for the war 14 January 1779, deserted 24 March 1779, taken
February or March 1780.
3 November 1777 sick absent
Camp January 1778, sick absent
1 February 1778, ditto
Returned as of 24 March 1778
14 December 1778 on command
4 January 1779 ditto Trimbles Point
2 February 1779 ditto ditto (Trembells Point)
2 March 1779 ditto ditto
9 April 1779, deserted to the enemy 24 March 1779
4 March 1780, prisoner under sentence of death
6 May 1780, pardoned by the commander-in-chief (not in service record).

Receivd an Ensigncy in Capt Hagans Company Third Jersey Regt
Ensign George Ewings Journal, New Jersey Line, 11 November 1775 to 21 May 1778
(Published as George Ewing, The Military Journal of George Ewing (1754-1824): A Soldier of
Valley Forge (Yonkers, N.Y.: Privately printed by T. Ewing, 1928))
http://www.scribd.com/doc/153505766/%E2%80%9CReceivd-an-Ensigncy-in-Capt-
Hagans-Company-Third-Jersey-Regt%E2%80%9D-Ensign-George-Ewing%E2%80%99s-
Journal-New-Jersey-Line-11-November-1775-to-21-May-1778-Pu Also published as
Journal of George Ewing, a Revolutionary Soldier, of Greenwich, New Jersey," American
Monthly Magazine, vol. XXXVIII, no. 1 (1911), p. 6.

By His Excellency George Washington Esquire, General and Commander in Chief
of The Forces of the United States of America.
Whereas Emanuel Evans soldier in the 3rd, Cornelius Nix soldier in the 1st
and Thomas Brown soldier in the 2nd Jersey Regiments; Also Joseph Infelt &
John Earhart Soldiers in the 10th Pennsylvania Regiment; likewise Matthew Bell
Soldier in the 2nd, James Hanly soldier in the 4th and Lancaster Lighthall
soldier in the 3rd New York Regiments; and Corporal Thomas Clark of the 4th and
Thomas Calvin Soldier in the 11th Pennsylvania Regiments after legal trial
and Conviction of high crimes and Misdemeanors to them respectively imputed,
were sentenced to Suffer death for the same, which sentences respectively were
by me approved and ordered to be executed this day.
Now be it known that for Sundry weighty considerations by virtue of the
powers in me vested, I have thought fit to pardon the said Emanuel Evans,
Cornelius Nix, Thomas Brown, Joseph Infelt, John Earhart, Matthew Bell, James Hanly,
Lancaster Lighthall, Thomas Clark and Thomas Calvin and they are hereby
pardoned accordingly, and the Sentences pronounced against them and each of them
as aforesaid wholly remitted and released.
Given under my Hand & Seal at Camp Morris Town this Twenty sixth day of May
Anno Domini 1780.
G: Washington
By His Excellencys Command
Rob: H: Harrison secry.
Pardon, 6 May 1780, George Washington Papers, Presidential Papers Microfilm (Washington,
D.C., 1961), series 4, reel 66.

This "Return of the number of Women and Children in the several regiments and Corps stationed at, and in
the vicinity of West Point and New Windsor, that drew Rations under the late Regulation, shewing also the
Number of Rations allowed for Women and Children by the present system" is dated 24 January 1783.

Number Number Number of
of of N.C.O.'s and
Organization Women Children Privates Ratio
Maryland Detachment 20 3 251 1 woman to every 13 men
1st Jersey Regiment 19 14 426 1 woman to 22 men
2nd Jersey Regiment 20 13 404 1 woman to 31 men
1st York Regiment 52 58 524 1 woman to 10 men
2nd York Regiment 36 39 537 1 woman to 15 men
1st Hampshire Regiment 7 3 431 1 woman to 61 men
2nd Hampshire Regiment 4 3 416 1 woman to 104 men
1st Massachusetts Regt. 17 3 561 1 woman to 33 men
4th Massachusetts Regt. 15 8 553 1 woman to 37 men
7th Massachusetts Regt. 14 10 555 1 woman to 40 men
2nd Massachusetts Regt. 16 17 557 1 woman to 35 men
8th Massachusetts Regt. 11 10 561 1 woman to 56 men
5th Massachusetts Regt. 13 9 561 1 woman to 62 men
3rd Massachusetts Regt. 18 8 560 1 woman to 31 men
6th Massachusetts Regt. 16 11 559 1 woman to 35 men
1st Connecticut Regt. 10 8
3rd Connecticut Regt. 11 6
Connecticut Brigade Strength 1196 1 woman to 57 men
2nd Connecticut Regt. 12 8 603 1 woman to 50 men
2nd Artillery Regiment 22 28
3rd Artillery Regiment 40 28
Artillery Brigade Strength 787 1 woman to 13 men
Corps of Sappers & Miners 5 1 70 1 woman to 14 men
Totals 405 302 10443 1 woman to 26 men

For the entire contingent of 10,443 troops the ratio was one woman for every twenty-six men, about 4
percent of the total. This increase in the numbers of women and children may be explained by the fact that at
this period of the war these regiments were in a relatively stationary situation. When the duties of a regiment
were confined to a limited area or, more importantly, a single location, the circumstances were more
conducive to the presence of the soldier's families than were the rigors of an active campaign with its constant
movements and uncertainties. This seems to be borne out by the large proportion of women in the Artillery
Brigade and the Invalid Corps, two organizations that by the nature of their duty performed most of their
service in the garrison of various fortifications. The artillery units especially seem to have had a much larger
proportion of camp followers than the other branches of the army. This is evident when compared with the
1781 return of women for the invalids and artillery. Additionally, a comparison with the 1781 return of
women, just a year and a half earlier, indicates an increase in the number of women with the army as the war
entered its final year. This addition is in conjunction with an increase of 1,830 men in 1783 for those units
present on the returns for both years. Despite the expanded number of followers the ratio dropped from one
woman for thirty-three men in 1781 to one for thirty-one in 1783.
"Return of the number of Women and Children in the several regiments and Corps stationed at, and in the
vicinity of West Point and New Windsor, that drew Rations under the late Regulation, shewing also the
Number of Rations allowed for Women and Children by the present system," 24 January 1783,
Revolutionary War Rolls, reel 136, pp. 259-260.
Strength returns of the Continental Army, May 1781 and January 1782, Charles H. Lesser, Sinews of
Independence: Monthly Strength Reports of the Continental Army (Chicago, Il. and London: The University
of Chicago Press, 1976), 202, 242.
___________________________________

Articles Concerning the 1777 and 1778 Campaigns, and Continental Army Female Followers

"We ... wheeled to the Right to form the Line of Battle: Colonel Israel Shreve's Journal, 23
November 1776 to 14 August 1777 (Including Accounts of the Action at the Short Hills)
Contents
The Enemy Came out fired several Cannon At our Pickets: Journal Entries, 23 November 1776 to 25 June
1777
Composition of Maj. Gen. William Alexander, Lord Stirling's Division, Summer 1777
Our Canister shot Did Great Execution.: The Battle of the Short Hills: Journal Entries 26 to 28 June 1777
There was a steady fire on us from out of the bushes : A German Officers View of Operations in New
Jersey, 24 to 28 June 1777
A smart engagement ensued : A British Privates View of the Short Hills Battle
"I propose leaving Colo. Daytons and Ogden's Regts. at Elizabeth Town for the present ...: Movements of
the 1st and 3d New Jersey Regiments, July and August 1777
Crossed Delaware [River], halted At Doctor Enhams : Final Journal Entries, 29 July to 14 August 1777
Addenda
Listing of Field Officers, Commissioned Officers, and Staff of the 2d New Jersey Regiment December
1776 to December 1777
Company Strengths and Dispositions, Colonel Israel Shreve's 2d New Jersey Regiment December 1776 to
December 1777
2d New Jersey Regiment, Monthly Strength as Taken From the Muster Rolls, December 1776 to
December 1777
2d New Jersey Regiment, Company Lineage, 1777 to 1779
The Troops of this Army Appear to Manoeuvre upon false principles : The State of Continental
Army Field Formations and Combat Maneuver, 1777
Composition of British Columns at the Short Hills Action, 26 June 1777; Organization of British Light
Infantry and Grenadier Battalions, Spring and Summer 1777
I have sent down Lord Stirling's Division, to reinforce Genl. Maxwell : Summer Campaign Letters,
Gen. George Washington and Virginia Captain John Chilton, plus the role of late Ottendorffs Corps,
22 to 29 June 1777
At sunrise the fire began : New Jersey Brigade Accounts of the 1777 Philadelphia Campaign
9. "Without Covering but the H[eaven's].C[anop].y and boughs of Trees ": 4th New Jersey Officer's Diary,
21 June 1777 to 18 February 1778 (plus Journal of Ensign George Ewing, 3d New Jersey, 1777-1778)
http://www.scribd.com/doc/153790118/%E2%80%99We-wheeled-to-the-Right-to-form-the-
Line-of-Battle%E2%80%99-Colonel-Israel-Shreve-s-Journal-23-November-1776-to-14-
August-1777-Including-Accounts-of

`None of you know the hardships of A soldiers life : Service of the Connecticut Regiments in
Maj. Gen. Alexander McDougalls Division, 1777-1778 (Mss., authors collection, 2009)
I am Packing up my baggage in order to March: Service on the North River, and
Movement into Pennsylvania, May to September 1777
God Grant I may Always be Preserv'd : The Battle of Germantown and Schuylkill Expedition,
October 1777
So small A Garrison never attaind Greater achievments : Forts Mifflin and Mercer, and
Maneuvers in New Jersey, November 1777
Nothing to cover us But ye heavens : The Whitemarsh Encampment and Early Days at Valley
Forge, December 1777
This is a very Different Spirit in the Army : Wintering Over at Valley Forge and Spring
Training, January to June 1778
Sixty three bullet holes were made through the colours : Summer Campaign and the
Battle of Monmouth, June 1778
The Troops of the whole line will exercise and manoeuvre : The March to New York and the
White Plains Encampment, July to September 1778
The Enemy are upon the eve of some general and important move.: The Fredericksburgh Camp
and Shifting Commanders, September to October 1778
Their countrymen would conclude the Devil was in them : McDougalls Division Takes
Post in Connecticut, October and November 1778
Grievances Justly complained of by your Soldiers : The Connecticut Line Winter Camp,
December 1778 to January 1779
http://www.scribd.com/doc/111086856/YZ-List-Connecticut-Division-1777-79-Narrative-New-
Longer and http://www.scribd.com/doc/111086939/YZ-List-Connecticut-Division-1777-79-
Bibliography-New

"I Expect to be stationed in Jersey sometime ...: An Account of the Services of the Second
New Jersey Regiment:
Part I, December 1777 to June 1778 (1994, unpublished, copy held in the collections of the
David Library of the American Revolution, Washington Crossing, Pa.), contains seventeen
appendices covering various subjects including studies of the casualties incurred by the New
Jersey Brigade (1777-1779), the uniform clothing of the New Jersey Brigade (1776-1778), the
use of the nine-month draft in 1778, and names of all the officers and enlisted men of the regiment.
Also included is a collection of pension narratives of the common soldiers of the New Jersey Brigade:
The March to Winter Quarters: 13 December to 25 December 1777
General Orders, 20 December to 25 December 1777
Countering the "depredations of the Enemy": 23 December to 28 December 1777
The Valley Forge Camp in the Waning Days of 1777
A. General Orders: 25 December to 31 December 1777
B. "I fancy we may ... Content ourselves in these Wigwams ...": 1 January to 19 March 1778
Valley Forge in the First Months of 1778
General Orders, 1 January to 19 March 1778
"I Expect to be stationed in Jersey sometime ...": 22 March to 1 April 1778
General Orders of the Army, 20 March to 28 March 1778
"The Enemy Giting intelligence of our movement ...": 4 April to 30 May 1778
General Orders of the Army, 8 April to 6 May 1778
Reinforcements and Alarms: The Actions of Brigadier General William Maxwell and
the Remainder of the Jersey Brigade, May 7 to May 24, 1778
The Institution of Nine-Month Enlistments from the New Jersey Militia, February to June 1778
Procuring Arms and Equipment for the Regiment, March to June 1778
Clothing the Men in the Spring of 1778
The Jersey Brigade is Reunited, May 28 to June 19, 1778
Appendices (partial list)
Company Strengths and Dispositions, December 1777 to May 1779
(including tables of casualties, deserters, etc.)
Monthly Regimental Strength as Taken from the Muster Rolls, December 1777 to May 1779
Listing of Field Officers, Company Officers, and Staff, December 1777 to May 1779
Company Organization, December 1777 to May 1779
A. Lineage of Companies, 1777 to 1779
B. Continuity of Company Command Through May 1779
Proportion of Men from 2nd N.J. of 1776 Who Reenlisted in 2nd N.J. of 1777
A Listing of Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates of the 2nd N.J. of 1778
Part II. `The devastations of war : The New Jersey Brigade, July 1778 to June 1779 (manuscript),
covers the period from the end the 1778 Monmouth Campaign to the units departure for the 1779
expedition led by Major General John Sullivan against the Iroquois (manuscript).

"`The multitude of women': An Examination of the Numbers of Female Camp Followers with the
Continental Army":
1777 and 1780: A Common Thread?
1776 to 1782: Necessary to keep the Soldier's clean"
1781: "Their Wives all of whom ... Remained" - Women on Campaign With the Army
1781: "The women with the army who draw provisions"
1782: "Rations ... Without Whiskey" - Colonel Henry Jackson's Regimental Provision Returns
1783: "The proportion of Women which ought to be allowed ..."
The Brigade Dispatch (Journal of the Brigade of the American Revolution)
Three parts: vol. XXIII, no. 4 (Autumn 1992), 5-17; vol. XXIV, no. 1 (Winter 1993),
6-16; vol. XXIV, no. 2 (Spring 1993), 2-6 (Reprinted in Minerva: Quarterly Report
on Women and the Military, vol. XIV, no. 2 (Summer 1996)).
http://revwar75.com/library/rees/wnumb1.htm

"`The number of rations issued to the women in camp.': New Material Concerning Female Followers
With Continental Regiments":
Female Followers with the Troops at Wyoming: Prelude to Sullivan's Campaign, 1779
"Provisions and Stores Issued to the Grand Army": Female Followers at Middlebrook, 1779
The women belonging to their respective corps": Further Analysis and Comparison of the
Returns of Women
The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXVIII, no. 1 (Spring 1998), 2-10; vol. XXVIII, no. 2
(Summer 1998), 2-12, 13. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/wnumb2.htm






"'`Some in rags and some in jags, but none in velvet gowns. Insights on Clothing Worn by Female
Followers of the Armies During the American War for Independence," ALHFAM Bulletin (Association of
Living History, Farm and Agricultural Museums), vol. XXVIII, no. 4 (Winter 1999), 18-21.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/122521121/Some-in-rags-and-some-in-jags-%E2%80%99-but-
none-%E2%80%98in-velvet-gowns-%E2%80%99-Insights-on-Clothing-Worn-by-Female-
Followers-of-the-Armies-During-the-American-War-for

"`The proportion of Women which ought to be allowed': Female Camp Followers with the Continental
Army":
Discussion of Numbers of Female Followers
"Rations... Without Whiskey": Womens Food Allowance
"Some men washed their own clothing.": Women's Duties and Shelter
"Coming into the line of fire.": Women on the March or on Campaign
The Continental Soldier, vol. VIII, no. 3 (Spring 1995), 51-58.
http://revwar75.com/library/rees/proportion.htm

"`Sospecting the prisner to be a tory ...': A Continental Army Court Martial, July 1777,"
The Continental Soldier, vol. IX, no. 1 (Winter/Spring 1997), 45-46, and,
Military Collector & Historian, vol. 60, no. 3 (Fall 2008), 167. This court martial of a civilian
took place in Brigadier General Prudhomme de Borre's 2nd Maryland Brigade, Major General John
Sullivan's Division. De Borres brigade contained the 2nd, 4th, and 7th Maryland Regiments, along with
the German Regiment and Hazen's 2nd Canadian Regiment. Of particular interest in these proceedings are
the arguments used to entice the soldiers to desert, reasons for their dissatisfaction, and the testimony of
Alice Wood, attached to Hazen's Regiment, who had left her children behind when she followed her
husband into the army. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/tory.htm

Reading List: Women and the Military During the War for Independence," The
Continental Soldier, vol. IX, no. 1 (Winter/Spring 1997), 52.
http://revwar75.com/library/rees/wread.htm